Дисертації з теми "Explosion parameters"
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Hansen, Steven Richard. "Vaporizing Foil Actuator Process Parameters: Input Characteristics, Energy Deposition, and Pressure Output." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1514997723443633.
Повний текст джерелаTomasec, Marian. "Explosion pulping for papermaking : effect of cooking parameters on mechanical and optical properties = Mise en pâte d'explosion pour la production papetière : effet des paramètres de la cuisson sur les propriétés mécaniques et optiques." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1996. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/6817/1/000628918.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGrindal, Mats. "Handling combinatorial explosion in software testing." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköpings universitet, 2007. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2007/tek1073s.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаIsmail, Mohamed Mohamed. "Blast wave parameter studies of fuel-air explosives." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316143.
Повний текст джерелаAmersbach, Christian, and Hermann Winner. "Functional decomposition - A contribution to overcome the parameter space explosion during validation of highly automated driving." Taylor & Francis, 2019. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72240.
Повний текст джерелаTHIEULLEN, BONANSEA MICHELE. "Points multiples des procesus de levy. Critere de non explosion de solutions d'equations differentielles stochastiques. Calcul stochastique non adapte a deux parametres." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066337.
Повний текст джерелаAiteh, Hassan al. "Formation, structure et limites de detonation dans le bioxyde de chlore et dans l'azoture d'hydrogene." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066624.
Повний текст джерелаЮрченко, Аннета Анатоліївна, Аннета Анатольевна Юрченко та A. A. Yorchenco. "Підвищення екологічної безпеки масових вибухів в залізорудних кар’єрах за пиловим чинником". Thesis, Видавництво НГУ, 2012. http://ir.nmu.org.ua/handle/123456789/198.
Повний текст джерелаДиссертация на соискание учёной степени кандидата технических наук по специальности 21.06.01 - “Экологическая безопасность”. – Государственное ВУЗ «Национальный горный университет», Днепропетровск, 2012.
Dissertation on gaining of scientific degree of candidate of engineering sciences after specialty 21.06.01 is "Ecological safety". - the State VNZ «National mountain university», Dnepropetrovsk, 2012.
У дисертації вирішена актуальна наукова задача, що полягає у встановлені закономірностей розповсюдження пилової хмари після масових вибухів в залізорудних кар’єрах та рівнем її екологічної небезпеки і розробці на цій основі екологічно ефективних способів та засобів зменшення викидів пилу у довкілля. Розроблені методичні засади визначення висоти підйому пилових частинок залізорудного пилу під дією теплових чинників як при наявності вітру, так і при його відсутності. Розроблено спосіб та засіб зменшення висоти підйому пилової хмари дальності її розповсюдження, які передбачають проведення робіт з оптимізації параметрів свердловинних зарядів, а також використання в якості набійки свердловинних зарядів гумової пробки з анкерним пристроєм. Удосконалено спосіб захисту довкілля від викидів пилу шляхом зрошування пилової хмари в цілому, обґрунтовано необхідний діаметр капель води для забезпечення максимальної ефективності пилопригнічення, а також об’єм води для цого. Для транспортуваня та розбризкування води над пиловою хмарою обґрунтовано використання спеціальним чином обладнаних вертольотів. Ступінь екологічної небезпеки при впровадженні запропонованих способів та засобів знепилення досягає рівня “безпечний”.
В диссертации решена актуальная научная задача, которая заключається в установлении закономерностей рассеивания пылевого облака после массовых взрывов в железорудных карьерах и уровня изменения его экологической опасности, а также разработке на их основе экологически эффективных способов и средств снижения выбросов пыли в окружающую среду. На основании результатов анализа рассеивания пылевого облака, образовавшегося после массового взрыва, выполнена оценка опасности загрязнения прилегающих территорий по пылевому фактору. Показано, что уровень экологической опасности от загрязнения воздуха пылью в радиусе 10 км представляется как “очень опасный”, а степень загрязнения – “недопустимая”. Уровень загрязнения пылью атмосферного воздуха и прилегающих территорий зависит от высоты подъёма пылевого облака, объёмов выброса пыли, метеорологических условий и эффективности способов и средств пылеподавления. В результате анализа существующих способов и средств подавления пылевого облака сделан вывод о необходимости их совершенствования. Для оценки экологической опасности рассеивания пылевого облака разработана методика расчёта высоты его подъёма с учётом дисперсности пылевых частиц и других влияющих факторов, что позволило выполнить расчёты рассеивания пыли в атмосфере для оценки эффективности технических мероприятий, направленных на снижение или локализацию выбросов пыли и её рассеивания. Расчёты рассеивания пылевого облака при мощности взрыва 500 т “украинита”, скорости ветра 5 м/с и нормальных метеорологических условиях показали, что дальность выноса грубодисперсной железорудной пыли составляет от 0,14 до 4,4 км, а тонкодисперсной – от 40 до, примерно, 740 км. При этом удельные выбросы пыли при общей площади рассеивания до 28770 км2 достигают 1,302 кг/км2. Разработан способ снижения высоты выброса пылегазового облака при массовом взрыве на основе оптимизации параметров скважинных зарядов (удельного заряда ВВ, диаметра скважин и соотношения длины забойки и взрывчатки в скважине). Предложена также усовершенствованная конструкция забойки скважинных зарядов, которая предусматривает использование в составе забойки резиновой пробки с анкерным устройством. Расчёты показали, что при применении этих разработок высота выброса пылегазового облака при массовом взрыве может быть снижена на величину до 30%. В работе выполнены исследования параметров подавления пылевого облака путём его орошения. Получено аналитическое выражение для оценки эффективности пылеулавливания от диаметра пылевых частиц и капель воды, скорости их движения, количества орошаемой жидкости, высоты орошения облака, а также суммарного коэффициента захвата пылевых частиц каплями жидкости. Установлено, что суммарный коэффициент захвата для тонкодисперсной пыли имеет максимальное значение 0,488 при диаметре капель воды 1 – 1,5 мм. Для грубодисперсной пыли при этих диаметрах капель воды коэффициент захвата изменяется от 0,815 до 0,996. При этом удельный расход воды для подавления тонкодисперсной фракции пыли составляет 3,195 л/кг. В качестве технического средства транспортирования орошающей жидкости и разбрызгивания её над пылевым облаком предложено использование специально оборудованных вертолётов. Оценка снижения экологической нагрузки на прилегающие территории при этом показала, что общий выброс пыли из карьера при массовом взрыве может быть снижен на 90 %. Степень экологической опасности при внедрении предложенных способов и средств пылеподавления достигает уровня “безопасный”.
In dissertation an actual scientific task, that consists in set conformities to the law of distribution of dust cloud after the mass explosions in iron ore quarry and level of its ecological danger and development on this basis ecologically effective methods and facilities of reduction of influencing of the troop landing of dust on the state of environment, is decided. The methodical bases of determination of height of getting up of iron ore dust particles under action of thermal factors both at presence of wind are developed, and at his absence. Methods and facilities of reduction of height of getting up of dust cloud and distance of its distribution, which foresee conducting of works after optimization of parameters of borehole charges, and also use, are developed as the printed fabric of rubber cork with the anchor device. The method of defence of environment is improved from the troop landing of dust by irrigation of dust cloud on the whole, substantiated necessary diameter of drops of water for providing of maximal efficiency of dust suppression, and also necessary volume of water for this. For transportation and splashing of water above the dust cloud of the substantiated use by the special appearance of the equipped helicopters. The degree of ecological danger at introduction of the offered methods and facilities of dedustinq measures up "safe".
Cullis, Ian Frank. "The effect of steam explosion pretreatment parameters on softwood delignification efficiency." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/13929.
Повний текст джерелаHo, Sing-Cheng, and 何星呈. "Exploration on process environmental parameters and explosion hazard to analyze the dominant factors in terms of fire and explosion." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rfcwfa.
Повний текст джерела國立雲林科技大學
環境與安全衛生工程系
106
When polyester resin (PR) is manufactured on an industrial scale, the spreading of the dust cloud is a potential explosion hazard. The maximum explosion pressure and maximum rate of pressure rise were in the range 3.6 bar < Pmax (500) < 9.8 bar and 32 < (dP dt–1)max (500) < 356 bar s–1, respectively, which is more than that of sugar dust explosion. The explosion index Kst = V1/3 (dP dt–1)max was in the range 8.86 bar m s–1 < Kst (500) < 96.63 bar m s–1, which belongs to dust explosion class St-1. In addition, the results indicated that the explosion pressure can be significantly lessened with lower LOC. However, the inhibiting effect is not obvious at higher initial pressure. Therefore, the oxygen concentration must be considered as low as feasibly possible at a higher pressure to lessen the explosion hazards in production as well as handling process. Moreover, according to ANOVA analysis, the most significant factors for explosion intensity (Pmax) is dust concentration. The parameter should be prudently controlled during the storage, transportation, and manufacturing of PR dust.
LIN, TZU-HAO, and 林子皓. "Evaluation on the dust explosion parameters and burning velocity mode with adipic acid, p-terephthalic acid, and powdered polyester resin." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63620309098770107361.
Повний текст джерела國立雲林科技大學
環境與安全衛生工程系
104
In the chemical industrial processes, dust explosion is a critical hazard in numerous manufacturings and storage facilities. When the explosion calamity happened, life and property must be paid out with huge economic costs, and the reputation of corporation will deteriorate. For this reason, how to prevent accidents is a significant issue. On this research, we focused on the product of polyester resin and main materials with adipic acid (AA) and p-terephthalic acid (PTA). All of the parameters can be obtained by a variety of measuring equipment. In regards to the physical parameters, particle size analyzer and thermogravimetry can provide the particle size and peak temperature (Tp). Regarding of chemical parameters, minimum ignition energy analyzer and 20-L apparatus are representative instruments for the explosion coefficient. According to the results, particle size have high correlation about the minimum ignition energy tests. In the explosion parameter tests, not only the particle size but also chemical structure should be considered. Regarding the forecast burning velocity, probing its correlation with explosion parameters is a important topic. Therefore, building up a safety as well as complete protection mechanisms is a significant issue.
SALVATORE, VALENTINO. "Strombolian explosions: relationships between the conduit system and the resulting explosive activity at the vents." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1231295.
Повний текст джерелаPersistent, open-vent volcanoes frequently host Strombolian explosions. This style of activity is characterized by frequent (intervals of seconds to minutes) and impulsive (seconds- long) releases of pyroclasts and gases, due to the rise and burst of large gas bubbles (i.e., slugs) near the surface of the magma column. Over time, such volcanoes can show continuous changes in the evolution and migration of their active vents, from which also a highly variable behavior of the activity can be observed. The sources of such variability need being investigated at variable spatial and temporal scales. On a scale of years/hundred of meters, direct observation of space-time vent migration at multi-vent volcanoes is still limited, and the relationship between this variable activity and the shallow conduit system remains to be understood. On a scale of seconds/meters, many authors are focused on the dynamics of gas release and modes of pyroclasts formation, so far largely neglecting the ascent dynamics of pyroclasts from their release depth, where slugs burst, to their ejection from the vent. The aim of my study is the definition of the relationships between the physical parameters inside the volcanic conduit and their influence on the modes of pyroclast ejection in Strombolian explosions, accounting for the two scales abovementioned. To achieve this aim, I considered two separate yet complementary methodologies. The first one requires the characterization of Strombolian eruptions in nature investigating temporal changes in vent position at the crater terrace of Stromboli and explosion parameters (jet duration and geometry) using infrared surveillance camera videos collected between 2005 and 2009. Results by this first methodology provide a detailed database of normal Strombolian activity at different time-scales, as well as allowing one to outline a hierarchy of depths at which the shallow conduit system controls the explosive activity within the three main vent areas (i.e., south-west, central, and north-east) at Stromboli. At the shallowest depth, where slugs burst, vent shape and slug size control local explosion parameters, while shallower conduit branching determines the evolution of simultaneous or alternating twin vents. Below the depth of the slug burst, the conduit system feeding each vent area controls which specific vent will host the explosions and also some more general explosion features within a vent area. A link between the central and south-west vent areas is supposed at this depth, as supported by several observations. At the deepest level, the conduit system is common to all vent areas and sets the overall explosion rate of the volcano, balancing it between the north-east and the joint south-west and central vent areas. This kind of analysis may be performed also in other persistent multi-vent systems worldwide, providing basic inferences on geometry and dynamics of their conduit systems and on the hazard assessment. The second methodology is addressed on gas-particle jet simulations by means of scaled analogue experiments using a transparent shock-tube. This approach focuses on the effect of the initial source conditions (i.e., gas pressure and volume, sample position, size and amount of particles, vent geometry) both on the acceleration of the particles within the conduit and on the resulting ejection from the vent. Results show that maximum particle velocity has a strong positive correlation with initial energy and a weaker, negative correlation with both sample depth from the vent and particle size. Moreover, the experiments show trends of particle acceleration-deceleration in the shock-tube that variably depend on some initial conditions (i.e., initial energy, sample depth, and particle size) and influence particle maximum velocity recorded at the exit. When compared to processes occurring during low-scale explosive eruptions, these results open the way for potential, new inferences on the processes controlling the dynamics of pyroclasts. The acceleration-deceleration trends inside the conduits impact current models relating pyroclast ejection velocity with their source depth in the volcanic conduit. I show that, for a lower initial energy and a deeper sample, the model assumptions do not hold true anymore. Therefore, a model revision taking into account these trends is necessary before applying it to real eruptions. These results open the way to numerous future scenarios. Further experiments may, for instance, clarify, the effects of particle-gas coupling, analyze the role of other source parameters on pyroclast ejection (e.g., conduit diameter) and study other aspects (e.g., the volcanic plumes using very fine particles, or particle-particle and particle-wall collisions in the conduit).
GENCO, RICCARDO. "Analisi integrata dei parametri geofisici registrati a Stromboli durante le fasi di instabilità eruttiva ed eventi anomali." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1080261.
Повний текст джерелаHuang, Sheng-Tien, and 黃聖點. "Research of safety parameters and reaction mechanism for explosive materials mixed with monoammonium phosphate." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40435059191609974618.
Повний текст джерела中臺科技大學
安全與防災科技研究所
101
Runaway reaction caused by organic peroxides in the past years, which have induced fire or explosion accidents due to its instability characteristics in many countries. 1,1,-Di(tert-butylperoxy) cyclohexane (CH70) and 1,1,-Di-tert-butylperoxy-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane (TMCH) were two kinds of explosive materials applied in this study. CH70 and TMCH were extensively employed in relevent chemical industries for the polymerization of styrene and rubber, applied as the agent in the process of polymerization. In addition, we also applied the monoammonium phosphate (MAP) to mixed with the above-mentioned materials to test the extinguishing efficiency. In this study, thermal analysis was used to realize the explosive materials exothermic and endothermic phenomenon and decomposition process by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results by this study indicated that reaction heat of CH70 and TMCH were high than 1,300 J/g and 1,200 J/g, separately. Inhibition reaction was very significantly, while CH70 mixed with MAP. Kinetic and safety parameters can be used in the manufacturing process for preventing the accident.
Howe, Michael Joseph. "Improving Estimates of Seismic Source Parameters Using Surface-Wave Observations: Applications to Earthquakes and Underground Nuclear Explosions." Thesis, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-28rw-kz47.
Повний текст джерелаKotrla, Kris William. "Effect of explosive upper body exercises on biomechanical parameters in males 18-30 years of age." 2005. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 143-147). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.
Wu, Tianyang. "Ion Mobility Spectrometry : Optimization of Parameters in Collision Cross Sections and Trace Detection of Explosives." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/17956.
Повний текст джерелаIon mobility spectrometry is a powerful technique for the study related to molecule. The work of tow major applications are introduced in this paper. The first application is the optimization of parameters in CCS. The accurate calculation of the collision cross section for multiple molecules is a long-time interested topic in the research for substances detection in micro scale. No reliable analytical approach to calculate the collision cross section has been established to date. Different approaches rely on different mechanism will provide different results in significant extent. This work introduce a method for the determination of parameters in the Lennard Jones potential. Experimental data combined with numerical computation was the fundamental strategy during the optimization of the parameters. In the experiment, electrospray is used as the ion source of IMS while a nebulizer was utilized to electrify the aromatic compounds. New parameters show no less accuracy and equal efficiency while can explain the physical meaning of the collision more clearly. The second application is the trace detection of explosives with very low concentration. The detection of explosives is an important topic in security, while the detection will be difficult due to the low vapor pressure of explosives. In this work, two types of devices are designed for the trace detection of explosives at an extremely low concentration. TNT is selected as the explosives in the experiment. The experiment succeed to reach a sensitivity of 1 part per quintillion, and even find out a linear relationship between the logarithm of TNT concentration and TNT vapor pressure.
Chaves, Flávio Rodrigues Fernandes. "Caraterização da decomposição térmica e do efeito gerado pela reação de um explosivo plástico de base RDX em cenário de cookoff." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/32012.
Повний текст джерелаNeste trabalho é feita a simulação numérica do processo de decomposição térmica de um explosivo plástico de base RDX confinado num veículo de teste de escala laboratorial submetido a um cenário de incêndio, designado na literatura por cookoff, e do processo de deformação e rotura das paredes do veículo de teste devido à violência da reação do explosivo após ignição. O trabalho compreendeu quatro fases. Na primeira fase procedeu-se à determinação dos parâmetros termoquímicos e cinéticos dos reagentes e do explosivo plástico de base RDX, considerando diferentes composições até à adição de todos os reagentes, a partir do tratamento das curvas de DSC e TG para diferentes métodos de análise térmica. A segunda fase envolveu a determinação dos parâmetros da equação de estado JWL para descrever o comportamento hidrodinâmico dos produtos da reação do explosivo plástico em regime de detonação. A terceira e quarta fase compreenderam a simulação do processo de decomposição térmica do exp.losivo até à ignição e pós-ignição respetivamente, em cenários de slow e fast cookoff (SCO e FCO), tendo por base o programa de elementos finitos ABAQUS 2D. Os resultados mostraram que entre os parâmetros termoquímicos e cinéticos, a energia de ativação é o parâmetro que mais afeta os resultados do tempo, temperatura e decomposição mássica no momento de ignição. Variações até ±10 % nos valores do calor de reação, calor específico e condutividade térmica exercem pouca influência na alteração dos resultados. Na simulação numérica do cookoff do PBX RH8515, o modelo cinético de SB (m, n) por comparação com o modelo cinético JMA (m), conduziu a valores de tempo e de temperatura no instante de ignição mais próximos dos resultados experimentais tanto para SCO como para FCO. Em cenário de SCO a diferença relativamente ao valor da temperatura de ignição experimental foi inferior a 2,4 % enquanto para FCO foi inferior a 0,5 %. Para o tempo no instante da ignição as diferenças foram superiores, sendo de 15 % para SCO e de 6,3 % para FCO. O efeito dinâmico da reação de detonação do explosivo após ignição mostrou ser suficiente para deformar e romper a parede cilíndrica na zona central do veículo de teste.
In this work is carried out a numerical simulation of the thermal decomposition process of a plastic bonded explosive based on RDX restricted in a laboratory test vehicle, when submitted to a fire scenario, known in the literature as cookoff, and the deformation process and rupture of the walls of test vehicle due to the reaction violence of explosive after ignition. The work included four steps. The first step involved the calculation of the thermochemical and kinetic parameters of the reagents and the plastic bonded explosive based on RDX, considering different compositions until the addition of all reagents, from DSC and TG curves for different methods of thermal analysis. The second step was about the calculation of JWL equation of state parameters to describe the hydrodynamic behavior of the products of reaction under detonation regime. The third and fourth steps were regarding the numerical simulation of thermal decomposition process of the explosive until ignition and post-ignition respectively, in slow and fast cookoff scenarios, (SCO and FCO), based on the finite element program ABAQUS 2D. The results showed that among the thermochemical and kinetic parameters, the activation energy was the parameter that most affects the outcome of time, temperature and mass decomposition at ignition point. Variations up to ± 10 % in the values of the heat of reaction, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity have little influence on changing results. In numerical simulation of cookoff PBX RH8515, the kinetic model SB (m, n) when compared with the kinetic model JMA (m) led to time and temperature values at ignition point closer to experimental results for both SCO and FCO scenarios. In SCO scenario the difference to experimental results of ignition temperature was less than 2,4 %, while for FCO was less than 0,5%. For time at ignition point differences were 15 % to SCO and 6,3 % to FCO. The dynamic effect of the detonation after ignition has proved to be sufficient for the deformation and rupture the cylindrical wall in the central zone of the test vehicle.
Kadlec, Jan. "Vybrané parametry posturální stability u výkonostní kategorie tanečního sportu." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-324920.
Повний текст джерелаAmbrósio, Joana Ester Vaz. "JWL parameters optimization for isentropic THOR prediction and confined underwater blasting generators experiments." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/38857.
Повний текст джерелаAs operações de detonação submarinas têm sido, durante as últimas décadas, alvo de pesquisa e desenvolvimento das operações de detonação marítimas, incluindo testes de torpedo, bem como, em testes em piscinas para a medição de energia de detonação de explosivos industriais. O estudo dos geradores de demolição por carga submersa (WBWG) tiveram por base nestes conceitos. Com o presente trabalho pretendo apresentar o estudo do comportamento de WBWG, com base em dois tipos de recipientes de plástico com água (25 litros e 1000 litros), contendo no seu interior exactamente no centro um detonador dentro de uma carga explosiva cilíndrica. As cargas explosivas usadas foram uma emulsão de nitrato de amónio com fuel oil (ANFO) e cordão detonante (12 g/m) de pentrite (PETN). Muito resumidamente uma revisão bibliográfica foi realizada. As propriedades de detonação dos explosivos foram previstas utilizando um programa termoquímico, designado por THOR. Para a expansão dos produtos de detonação dos explosivos foi aplicado uma equação de estado JWL. Foi realizado uma revisão aos conceitos fundamentais desta equação e os seus coeficientes foram determinados e optimizados correlacionando as previsões do THOR e a equação de estado (EOS) JWL para a mínima diferença através de uma função quadrática auxiliar. Por forma a calcular os coeficientes de JWL um novo método foi usado. Este baseia-se na evolução das curvas adiabáticas e isentrópicas obtidas pelo THOR, utilizando uma função do Microsoft Excel ® Solver, assumindo algumas suposições para o coeficiente Grüneisen (a partir do exponencial da curva adiabática; do exponencial da curva isentrópica para um volume adimensional limite; do exponencial da curva isentrópica para todos os valores da expansão, e por último; deduzido por Handley, 2011). Os melhores resultados obtidos foram pela utilização do coeficiente Grüneisen do exponencial da curva isentrópica para todos os valores da expansão, onde para a emulsão de ANFO e para PETN. As dimensões e o design da configuração de “WBWG” experimental foram apresentadas, juntamente com a descrição de uma experiência de detonação tipo utilizando 3 g de PETN (detonador No.8 mais 2.4 g de cordão detonante de PETN). Foi realizada uma simulação a 2D e 3D de “WBWG” usando o programa Autodyn para um contentor de metro cúbico cheio de água (1000 litros) para ambos os explosivos. Os resultados obtidos mostram a possibilidade de ter este tipo de cargas explosivas sem a destruição do “WBWG” contentor. Uma vez que, os níveis de pressão na água, perto das paredes plásticas, sob a maior carga admissível, ronda os 6 MPa. Foi sempre possível observar a deformação elástica das paredes do contentor, as reflecções do choque subaquático, alterando a sua forma cúbica original para uma espiral transiente. Adicionalmente os procedimentos executados para o THOR, para o Microsoft Excel ® Solver e para a interface do programa de simulação Autodyn “material input data” foram apresentados.
Underwater blasting operations have been, during last decades, subject of research and development of maritime blasting operations, including torpedo studies. Aquarium tests, for the measurement of blasting energy of industrial explosives, are based in studies of confined underwater blast wave generators (WBWG). The current work present the study of the behavior of WBWG, based in two different water plastic containers (25 litres and 1000 litres), having in the center a detonator inside a cylindrical explosive charge. The explosive charges used were ammonium nitrate with fuel oil (ANFO) emulsion and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) detonating cords (12 g/m). Summarily the theoretical background was review. The explosives detonation properties were predicted using a thermochemical computer code, named THOR. For the expansion of the detonation products of the explosives was applied JWL EoS. JWL fundamentals were review and his parameters were determined and optimized correlating THOR predictions and JWL EoS to a minimum difference with an auxiliary quadratic function. In order to calculate the JWL coefficients, a new numerical method was used. It was based in the evolution of adiabate and isentrope curves, obtained by THOR code, using a function of the Microsoft Excel ® Solver, assuming a few assumptions for Grüneisen coefficient (from the exponential of the adiabatic curve; from the exponential of the isentrope curve at a limit adimensional volume; from the exponential of the total expansion of isentrope curve and, at last; deducted from Handley, 2011). The best results were obtained using the Grüneisen coefficient from the exponential of the total expansion of isentrope curve, which were for ANFO emulsion and for PETN. The dimensions and design configurations of the experimental WBWG were presented and also a blast type experiment for 3 g of PETN (detonator No. 8 plus 2.4 g charge of PETN detonation cord) was described. Autodyn 2D and 3D simulations of WBWG were performed using a cubic meter water container (1000 litres) for both explosive. The obtained results show the possibility of having these explosive charges without destruction of WBWG containers. Since water pressure levels, close to plastic walls, under maximum admissible charges, are closed to 6 MPa. It was always observed the elastic deformation of containers wall, under the water shock reflections, changing from its original cubic shape to a transient spherical one. Additionally the execution procedures of THOR code, Microsoft Excel ® Solver and the interface of Autodyn simulations material input data was presented.