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Статті в журналах з теми "Exploitation conditions"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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1

Hartsock, Michael, and Eric Roark. "Exploitation without Exchange." International Journal of Applied Philosophy 33, no. 2 (2019): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ijap202033129.

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Extant accounts of exploitation typically focus on either an exchange or interaction between persons, or on exploitative systems (i.e., global capitalism). We propose a new account of exploitation that focuses instead on the benefits an exploiter enjoys which are had at the expense of another, the exploited party. This account is developed by considering the benefits enjoyed by consumers (e.g., inexpensive sweatshop-made goods) and the manner in which those benefits are produced (e.g., the loss of dignity suffered by sweatshop workers). On our account, an exploitative relationship need not involve any interaction or exchange between exploiter and exploited. Neither is exploitation a property of systems or institutions. Instead, we argue that a consumer who buys a shirt produced under near slave-like conditions engages in a moral wrong by exploiting the worker who made it even though the two may be far-removed in space and time.

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2

Liu, Minhui, and Francisco Olivos. "Co-ethnic exploitation among Chinese within an ethnic economy." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 28, no. 4 (December 2019): 415–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0117196819899243.

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Based on the situation of Chinese migrants in Santiago, Chile, this article shows that labor relationships between Chinese employers and Chinese workers could be exploitative. Thus, we aim to discuss the conditions under which co-ethnic exploitation among Chinese takes place in Chile. In addition, we ask why Chinese workers allow themselves to be exploited by their Chinese employers, and how employers explain the exploitation. We argue that such exploitation starts from the migration route, through which both parties mutually agree to skirt local regulations. Chinese employers hire co-ethnic workers through the use of guanxi (personal connections), which generates the conditions that keep workers under employers’ control and restrict possibilities for change.

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3

Zwolinski, Matt. "Sweatshops, Choice, and Exploitation." Business Ethics Quarterly 17, no. 4 (October 2007): 689–727. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/beq20071745.

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ABSTRACT:This paper argues that sweatshop workers’ choices to accept the conditions of their employment are morally significant, both as an exercise of their autonomy and as an expression of their preferences. This fact establishes a moral claim against interference in the conditions of sweatshop labor by third parties such as governments or consumer boycott groups. It should also lead us to doubt those who call for MNEs to voluntarily improve working conditions, at least when their arguments are based on the claim that workers have a moral right to such improvement. These conclusions are defended against three objections: 1) that sweatshop workers’ consent to the conditions of their labor is not fully voluntary, 2) that sweatshops’ offer of additional labor options is part of an overall package that actually harms workers, 3) that even if sweatshop labor benefits workers, it is nevertheless wrongfully exploitative.

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4

Rijken, Conny. "Legal Approaches to Combating the Exploitation of Third-Country National Seasonal Workers." International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 31, Issue 4 (December 1, 2015): 431–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2015024.

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The Directive on Seasonal Workers is aimed at combating exploitative practices vis-à-vis seasonal workers from outside the EU. After a thorough analysis of the conditions under which practices can be qualified as exploitative, this article assesses the extent to which the directive is equipped to combat such practices. It concludes that the directive has made progress by addressing situations that are prone to exploitation, using multiple legal approaches. However, it will largely depend on the willingness of the Member States whether the directive will achieve its aim to combat situations of exploitation.

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5

Odamov, Umarbay, Mirziyo Kamilov, Shavki Niyazov, and Song Kihyun. "RESEARCH OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE SOLAR BATTERY OPERATIONS IN REAL EXPLOITATION CONDITIONS." Scientific Reports of Bukhara State University 5, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 2–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.52297/2181-1466/2021/5/4/1.

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Introduction. Nowadays, there is a constant growth of the demand for the use of solar power plants and obtaining green energy. In the using process of them in real conditions, a decrease in efficiency is observed. Because of the influence of external and internal factors on solar cells, the Coefficient of Efficiency(COE) panels decreases. The study of these influencing factors today is one of the actual problems. In this work is presented a study of the efficiency of a solar battery in real operating conditions. Research methods.

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6

McKELVIE, ALEXANDER, VERONICA GUSTAFSSON, and J. MICHAEL HAYNIE. "ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTION: EXPLOITATION DECISIONS UNDER CONDITIONS OF UNCERTAINTY." Academy of Management Proceedings 2008, no. 1 (August 2008): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2008.33641760.

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7

Baumeister, J., and A. Leitão. "Optimal exploitation of renewable resource stocks: necessary conditions." Optimal Control Applications and Methods 25, no. 1 (January 2004): 19–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oca.737.

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8

Lončar, B., M. Vujisić, K. Stanković, and P. Osmokrović. "Stability of Metal-Oxide Varistor Characteristics in Exploitation Conditions." Acta Physica Polonica A 116, no. 6 (December 2009): 1081–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.12693/aphyspola.116.1081.

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9

Boersma, Martijn, and Justine Nolan. "Modern slavery and the employment relationship: Exploring the continuum of exploitation." Journal of Industrial Relations 64, no. 2 (January 24, 2022): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00221856211069238.

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The term ‘modern slavery’ constitutes a broad non-legal umbrella term that refers to a range of abusive practices including, but not limited to, forced labour, bonded labour, human trafficking and child slavery. While the most severe forms of labour exploitation represent instances of modern slavery, focusing on labour abuses more broadly is also important as it is not always clear at what point non-compliance with labour standards seeps into cases of criminal exploitation. This Special Issue focuses on what the large- and small-scale risk factors are that can cause working conditions to deteriorate, on how people can become trapped in exploitative conditions and on what can be done to prevent and remedy labour abuses. It does this by exploring the macro-level, specifically by examining global value chains and the labour exploitation within the global production regime; by exploring the meso-level, by focusing on the market-based character of business and human rights regulation; and by looking at the micro-level by examining labour regimes on factory floors and in private residences.

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10

Lee, Jongseon, and Nami Kim. "Know yourself and find your partners." Management Research Review 42, no. 12 (December 9, 2019): 1333–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-06-2018-0244.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine whether balancing exploration and exploitation rather than emphasizing one over the other leads to better performance. This study also examines the effects of different kinds of external collaboration on a firm’s performance in relation to the firm’s current innovative direction that shows firms’ internal weighting of exploration or exploitation. Design/methodology/approach Data on Korean manufacturing firms collected from the Korean Innovation Survey were used to test the hypotheses. This study suggested the concept of innovative direction (θ) to examine current innovation capabilities about how much the firms focused on exploration or exploitation. The directionality of exploration or exploitation has not been reflected in previous measures of ambidexterity. Factor analysis and hierarchical regression were used to test hypotheses. Findings The findings suggest that balancing exploration and exploitation is beneficial for a firm’s performance, and explorative collaboration is more beneficial for firms internally emphasizing exploitation. However, it showed that for exploration-oriented firms, exploitative collaboration does not supplement exploitative activities. Research limitations/implications Inter-organizational collaboration helps to develop ambidexterity that leads to better performance. Because inter-organizational collaboration involves substantial costs and is time-consuming, selecting and maintaining partners has to be conducted carefully. Based on the currently pursuing innovative directions, firms can make more appropriate decision for finding external cooperative partners with much of efficiency. When firms find collaborative partners, it is the first thing to look inside themselves. Originality/value Previous studies mainly focused on the selection and balance of the partnership between exploration and exploitation without considering the role of an internal innovative strategy firms are currently pursuing. Identifying firms’ current states and finding partners that can supplement any deficiencies provides the most efficient option for the ambidextrous organization. Consideration of inter-organizational collaborations based on the analysis of internal conditions will be fruitful for the study of ambidexterity.

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11

Kára, J., E. Janča, and D. Herák. "Exploitation of anaerobic fermentation of bio-degradable wastes." Research in Agricultural Engineering 56, No. 1 (March 13, 2010): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/20/2009-rae.

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The paper deals with assessment of biogas yield from mixtures of <I>Reynoutria</I> substrates and livestock manure. The aim was to perform laboratory experiments and suggest suitable fermenter operating conditions (dry matter content, pH, share of substrate components, thermic regime) for metanogenic digestion, then to determine its quality and assess the usability of such produced biogas.

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12

Tanasache, Daniel Tihanov, Daniela Dinica, Emilia Florina Binchiciu, and Horia Binchiciu. "Equal Resistant to Wear Blades Used in Rough Exploitation Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 1146 (April 2018): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1146.22.

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The paper presents representative aspects of the blades and the characterisation of excavator blades, namely frontal loader in the quall resistance to wear version. In exploitation the active surfaces of the blades are subjected to wear through abrasion under high and medium pressure, combined with mechanical fatigue with variable cycles. Retiring the blades is determined by significant degradation of the side zones. The solution developed in order to confront the mentioned phenomena is of modular type, namely equipping the blades with intelligent protection and self-protection systems to wear, which are deposited by cladding with welding on the supports. The blades support is made out of low alloyed steel, which have a controlled hardness and are micro alloyed with boron. The rods used to develop the wear protection systems are type Fe-25%Cr-4%W-Ti-V-La which deposit layers that have a minimum hardness of 55HRC. The challenges solved are related to welding compatibility, in working conditions, of the base materials and the welding ones, through manual electric welding procedure and respective deformation due to residual tensions in the welded structure.

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13

Pasquaud, S., V. David, J. Lobry, M. Girardin, B. Sautour, and P. Elie. "Exploitation of trophic resources by fish under stressful estuarine conditions." Marine Ecology Progress Series 400 (February 11, 2010): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps08387.

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14

Spataro, T., and C. Bernstein. "Influence of environmental conditions on patch exploitation strategies of parasitoids." Behavioral Ecology 18, no. 4 (June 14, 2007): 742–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arm042.

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15

Pokorski, Janusz, Hubert Sar, and Andrzej Reński. "INFLUENCE OF EXPLOITATION CONDITIONS ON ANTI-SKID PROPERTIES OF TYRES." Transport 34, no. 4 (June 14, 2019): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.10426.

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Tyre-to-road adhesion plays an important role when taking into account transmission of forces between tyres and road surface. It consequently influences vehicle safety. Moreover, it plays a significant role for modelling vehicle motion, which is often applied in the development of automotive active safety systems and in traffic accidents reconstruction. Furthermore, tyre-to-road adhesion properties are dependent on many factors. One of the factors is the type of tyre – summer or winter. This is the reason why it is justified to study the anti-slip properties of summer and winter tyres. This paper shows the method of measuring tyre-to-road adhesion coefficient. It is based on a skid resistance tester SRT-4 that consists of a special dynamometer trailer, towing vehicle and test-measuring equipment. It was designed to be applied in civil/road engineering and further developed. As a result, the SRT-4 system automatically obtains adhesion characteristics, such as the graph of tyre-to-road adhesion coefficient as a function of wheel slip ratio and velocity characteristics of peak adhesion coefficient. Results of the study present the above mentioned characteristics for different types of tyres (summer, winter) in different exploitation conditions. Differences between presented characteristics caused by tyre type and conditions of exploitation are shown. For example, for winter tyres we noticed that the peak value of adhesion coefficient was attained for higher values of slip ratio as compared with summer tyres.

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16

Mikoláš, Milan, Michal Vaněk, Igor Černý, Lucie Kučerová, and František Žoček. "Economic modelling under conditions of exploitation of cohesive construction minerals." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, no. 7 (2011): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159070249.

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Managers of mining companies use for decision-making on optimization of manufacturing processes advanced modelling methods and simulations on computers. The article proposes and analyses the model of a mining company production cycle consisting of a three-dimensional quarry model, technology model and economic-mathematical model. Based on the latter model an economic simulation model of a quarry has been created in the MS Excel program currently available on all personal computers, which measures outputs in the form of changes in total and unit costs according to the generic classification of costs in response to changes in inputs in the form of parameters of technology equipment and other operating parameters. Managers use the economic simulation model of quarry as decision support to increase profitability or improve competitiveness of their product from the sector of construction minerals.

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17

Tuns, Ioan, Marius Mantulescu, and Teofil Florin Galatanu. "Structural Reliability Solutions of a Ground Floor Building under Limited Interventions Conditions." Advanced Engineering Forum 21 (March 2017): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.21.190.

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Any building must ensure safety conditions during the exploitation, at the level of designed exigencies, throughout the entire lifespan. The completion degree of the structural performance requirements, in the given exploitation conditions, results following the assessment of the technical state of the building. This paper presents a case study performed on an industrial “ground floor” type building, with the purpose to assess the exploitation safety level for the constituent structural elements and engineered consolidation measures. The structural reliability solutions have been designed in compliance with the execution possibilities limited by the existing of ventilation tubing , of big dimensions , made in France, of ,,polyester reinforced with glass fiber’’, which is situated along columns of axis A, at 30 cm approximate and the owner cannot to interrupt the technological process during the works.

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18

Simonsen, Anna K., and John R. Stinchcombe. "Standing genetic variation in host preference for mutualist microbial symbionts." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1797 (December 22, 2014): 20142036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2036.

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Many models of mutualisms show that mutualisms are unstable if hosts lack mechanisms enabling preferential associations with mutualistic symbiotic partners over exploitative partners. Despite the theoretical importance of mutualism-stabilizing mechanisms, we have little empirical evidence to infer their evolutionary dynamics in response to exploitation by non-beneficial partners. Using a model mutualism—the interaction between legumes and nitrogen-fixing soil symbionts—we tested for quantitative genetic variation in plant responses to mutualistic and exploitative symbiotic rhizobia in controlled greenhouse conditions. We found significant broad-sense heritability in a legume host's preferential association with mutualistic over exploitative symbionts and selection to reduce frequency of associations with exploitative partners. We failed to detect evidence that selection will favour the loss of mutualism-stabilizing mechanisms in the absence of exploitation, as we found no evidence for a fitness cost to the host trait or indirect selection on genetically correlated traits. Our results show that genetic variation in the ability to preferentially reduce associations with an exploitative partner exists within mutualisms and is under selection, indicating that micro-evolutionary responses in mutualism-stabilizing traits in the face of rapidly evolving mutualistic and exploitative symbiotic bacteria can occur in natural host populations.

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19

Dutta, Mohan J. "Neoliberal Governmentality and Low-Wage Migrant Labour in India and Singapore." Journal of Creative Communications 16, no. 2 (May 17, 2021): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09732586211002927.

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Drawing on a digital ethnography and in-depth interviews conducted with low-wage migrant workers in hyper-precarious working conditions amidst ongoing neoliberal transformations in India and Singapore, this manuscript offers a comparative framework for examining the limits of pandemic communication. Interrogating the ideology of behaviourism that forms the dominant approach, the narratives point to the organizing role of structures as sites of labour exploitation. The exploitative labour conditions constitute the backdrop amidst which the migrant workers negotiate their health and well-being.

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Teye, Emmanuel Tetteh, Beatrice Ayerakwa Abosi, Alexander Narh Tetteh, Seth Yeboah Ntim, Abraham Teye, Offeibea Love Aseidua-Ayeh, and Sophia Agyeiwaa Dubi. "Linking motivation and alliance to perceived ambidexterity outcomes at the individual level in academia." Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education 11, no. 4 (October 14, 2019): 664–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jarhe-10-2018-0205.

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Purpose Previous research has considered human motivation as a determinant of inquisitiveness, learning and innovation. However, how student’s motivation affects both exploitative/exploratory research outcomes has not yet been sufficiently addressed. The purpose of this paper is to examine self-determination theory (SDT) as a conceptual tool to understand post-graduate student’s academic motivation and how it affects two types of ambidextrous outcomes (exploitative and exploratory), and thus posit relational capital as an important mediator in the motivation–innovation process. Design/methodology/approach The authors draw conclusions using 331 valid post-graduate foreign scholars data collected via online survey in three Chinese Universities and conduct data analysis using the structural equation modeling technique (AMOS). Findings Results indicate that: academic motivation and perceived collaboration capability both has a significant effect on exploitation behavior; there was no significant relationship between academic motivation and tendency to collaborate with actors within their networks; collaboration capability and exploitation behavior mediate the relationship between academic motivation and exploration behavior; and further a complementary link was found to exist between exploitation behavior and exploration behavior in students attempt to be ambidextrous. Originality/value The authors advance innovation research by expanding SDT to include relational perspective as an antecedent of ambidexterity (exploration/exploitation behaviors) and provide new insights into current understanding of research engagement in higher education settings. The authors highlight some implications for educational agencies seeking to promote the emergence of psychological and relational conditions to enhance novelty in post-graduate internationalized education.

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21

Strzałkowski, Piotr. "Duration of the final phase of mining area deformation process in the conditions of Upper Silesia (Poland)." Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 80, no. 7 (May 17, 2021): 5769–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10064-021-02272-9.

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AbstractThe ability to estimate the duration of mining impact on the surface is important for both active and decommissioned mines. It allows to plan rational land development and to assess the time of exploitation impact on buildings. The data concerns cases of exploitation with roof caving in 20 hard coal mines in Upper Silesia and cases of exploitation with hydraulic stowing in 4 mines. Based on the analysis of geological and mining documentation, the duration of the final stage of the subsidence process was established — from the end of mining operations to the final stage of the subsidence. It was assumed that the subsidence reached its final state when the increments between two consecutive measurements did not exceed 10 mm. Further analyses were carried out using the regression method using the Statistica program, looking for the relationship between the duration of the final phase of the subsidence process and the quantities characterizing the operating conditions. The obtained results indicate a significant impact of the depth of exploitation and the value of the parameter characterizing the rock mass strength properties on the duration of the final phase of the deformation process. As a result of statistical analyses, appropriate empirical formulas were proposed. In the case of performing exploitation with caving and when the variation in the value of tgβ parameter characterizing the rock mass is small, which currently occurs in the considered basin, one can use the proposed formula, linking the duration of the process with the depth of mining exploitation.

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Tajduś, Krzysztof. "The Nature of Mining-Induced Horizontal Displacement of Surface on the Example of Several Coal Mines." Archives of Mining Sciences 59, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 971–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amsc-2014-0067.

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Abstract The paper presents the analysis of the phenomenon of horizontal displacement of surface induced by underground mining exploitation. In the initial part, the basic theories describing horizontal displacement are discussed, followed by three illustrative examples of underground exploitation in varied mining conditions. It is argued that center of gravity (COG) method presented in the paper, hypothesis of Awierszyn and model studies carried out in Strata Mechanics Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences indicate the proportionality between vectors of horizontal displacement and the vector of surface slope. The differences practically relate to the value of proportionality coefficient B, whose estimated values in currently realized design projects for mining industry range between 0.23r to 0.42r for deep exploitations, whereas in the present article the values of 0.33r and 0.47r were obtained for two instances of shallow exploitation. Furthermore, observations on changes of horizontal displacement vectors with face advancement indicated the possibility of existence of COG zones above the mined-out field, which proved the conclusions of hitherto carried out research studies (Tajduś 2013).

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23

Arellano, Víctor Manuel, Rosa María Barragán, Alfonso Aragón, Marco Helio Rodríguez, and Alfredo Pérez. "The Cerro Prieto IV (Mexico) geothermal reservoir: Pre-exploitation thermodynamic conditions and main processes related to exploitation (2000–2005)." Geothermics 40, no. 3 (September 2011): 190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2011.06.001.

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Feyzullayev, A. A., and A. G. Gojayev. "Influence of geological reservoir heterogeneity on exploitation conditions of Garadagh field / underground gas storage (Azerbaijan)." Gornye nauki i tekhnologii = Mining Science and Technology (Russia) 6, no. 2 (July 14, 2021): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/2500-0632-2021-2-105-113.

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Underground oil and gas reservoirs (formations) are characterized by spatial variability of their structure, material composition and petrophysical properties of its constituent rocks: particle size distribution, porosity, permeability, structure and texture of the pore space, carbonate content, electrical resistivity, oil and water saturation and other properties. When assessing development and exploitation conditions for underground gas storages, created in depleted underground oil and gas reservoirs, the inherited nature of the reservoir development should be taken into account. Therefore, identifying the features of variations in well productivity is a crucial task, solution of which can contribute to the creation of more efficient system for underground gas storage exploitation. The paper presents the ﬁndings of comparative analysis of spatial variations in well productivity during the exploitation of the Garadagh underground gas storage (Azerbaijan), created in the depleted gas condensate reservoir. An uneven nature of the variations in well productivity was established, which was connected with the reservoir heterogeneity (variations in the reservoir lithological composition and poroperm properties). The research was based on the analysis of spatial variations of a number of reservoir parameters: the reservoir net thickness, lithological composition and poroperm properties. The analysis of variations in the net thickness and poroperm properties of the VII horizon of the Garadagh gas condensate ﬁeld was carried out based on the data of geophysical logging of about 40 wells and studying more than 90 core samples. The data on of more than 90 wells formed the basis for the spacial productivity variation analysis. The analysis of productivity variation in the space of well technological characteristics (based on data from 18 wells) in the Garadagh underground gas storage (UGS) was carried out through the example of the volume of cyclic gas injection and withdrawal in 2020–2021 season. The studies allowed revealing non-uniform spacial variations in the volumes of injected and withdrawn gas at the Garadagh UGS, created in the corresponding depleted gas condensate reservoir. The features of the UGS exploitation conditions are in good agreement with the features of the reservoir development conditions (variations in the well productivity). The inherited nature of the reservoir development and the underground gas storage exploitation is substantiated by the reservoir heterogeneity caused by the spatial variability of the reservoir lithological composition and poroperm properties. Assessing and taking into account the reservoir heterogeneity when designing underground gas storage exploitation conditions should be an important prerequisite for increasing UGS exploitation efficiency.

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GUZOWSKI, Stanisław, Maciej MICHNEJ, and Grzegorz ZAJĄC. "TRIBOLOGICAL WEAR OF WHEEL RIMS IN RAIL VEHICLES IN OPERATING CONDITIONS." Tribologia 268, no. 4 (August 31, 2016): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.6985.

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Wheel sets as elements determine the reliability and safety in railway traffic demand ensuring high technological and quality standards at the stage of production and exploitation. Not satisfying these conditions may result in, among others, premature wear of wheels in the wheel sets, in turn a shortening between-repair running periods and increasing the exploitation costs of rail vehicles. The authors, based on carried out tests, analysed the influence of not satisfying proper parameters of heat treatment of wheel rims on tribological wear on their surface. This especially concerns abrasive wear of wheel rims and damages of the spalling type on the wheel thread surface in wheel sets.

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Efimova, Valeriya, Karl Shkhinek, and Nikolay Belyaev. "Problems Concerning Gravel Islands Constructing and Exploitation in the Arctic Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 725-726 (January 2015): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.725-726.251.

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Drilling operations conducted from artificial islands are both feasible and economical in shallow waters. Accumulated experience in the construction and operation of artificial gravel islands are analysed. Capital protection of island’ slopes against the action of ice and waves are considered.

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27

Barla, Marco, Alice Di Donna, and Matteo Baralis. "City-scale analysis of subsoil thermal conditions due to geothermal exploitation." Environmental Geotechnics 7, no. 4 (July 1, 2020): 306–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jenge.17.00087.

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TERBECHE, Rahma. "EXPLOITATION OF THE WAKFS REAL ESTATE DIRECTED FOR INVESTMENT - CONDITIONS AND." Route Educational and Social Science Journal 7, no. 53 (January 1, 2020): 246–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17121/ressjournal.2773.

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Lesovik, V., R. Fediuk, E. Glagolev, I. Lashina, A. Mochalov, and R. Timokhin. "Features of building composites designing for their exploitation in extreme conditions." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 456 (December 31, 2018): 012054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/456/1/012054.

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Bierly, Paul E., Fariborz Damanpour, and Michael D. Santoro. "The Application of External Knowledge: Organizational Conditions for Exploration and Exploitation." Journal of Management Studies 46, no. 3 (May 2009): 481–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00829.x.

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31

Solomin, Andrey I. "Researching the conditions for renewing of fishing fleet by prospective types of large-tonnage vessels." Izvestiya TINRO 181, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2015-181-273-278.

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Анотація:

Cost efficiency of projecting, shipbuilding and exploitation of new types of fishing vessels is analyzed for several existing fishery enterprises. Running costs per a catch day are calculated for certain vessels projects and leasing terms; the leasing procedure is described; the break-even points are evaluated. There is concluded that large enterprises or corporations with high volume of production are able to conduct profitable exploitation of large-tonnage vessels.

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32

Lucifora, Annalisa. "From old slavery to new forms of exploitation: A reflection on the conditions of irregular migrant labour after the Chowdury case." New Journal of European Criminal Law 10, no. 3 (July 30, 2019): 251–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2032284419864683.

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The spread of exploitative working practices requires an in-depth reflection on the impact of the free market and global competitiveness on some fundamental rights that are inherent to all human beings. After an investigation into the conditions that have led to an exponential increase in the exploitation of illegal migrant labour, the article focuses on the system of legal protection set by the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), which in Article 4 only prohibits slavery and servitude (para 1) and forced and compulsory labour (para 2). It could raise the question of where to put those conducts that, although they are manifestly inconsistent with fundamental rights, they do not, however, easily conform to any of the labels expressly laid out in Article 4 ECHR. The issue has recently been put under the spotlight by the Chowdury case, where the analysis of the extremeness of the working conditions allows the Court to rule out any relevance of the element of consent. This interpretation would allow the most serious cases of exploitation to be brought within the scope of forced labour and thus to expand the protection offered by Article 4 ECHR.

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Saha, Aishik. "Engels’s Theory of Social Murder and the Spectacle of Fascism: A Critical Enquiry into Digital Labour and its Alienation." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 19, no. 1 (November 27, 2020): 52–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v19i1.1214.

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In this paper, I shall attempt to respond to the charge that the digital labour theory, as developed by Christian Fuchs, doesn’t faithfully stick to the Marxist schema of the Labour Theory of Value by arguing that Marx’s critique of capitalism was based on the social and material cost of exploitation and the impact of capitalist exploitation of the working class. Engels’s analysis of The Condition of The Working Class in England links the various forms of violence faced by the working class to the bourgeois rule that props their exploitation. I shall argue, within the framework of Critical Social Media Studies, that the rapid advance of fascist and authoritarian regimes represents a similar development of violence and dispossession, with digital capitalism being a major factor catalysing the rifts within societies. It shall be further argued that much like the exploitative nature of labour degrades social linkages and creates conditions of that exaggerates social contradictions, the “labour” performed by social media users degenerates social relations and promotes a hyper-violent spectacle that aids and abets fascist and authoritarian regimes.

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Cadar, Mirela Emilia, Anamaria Vâtcă, Ilie Cornoiu, Ancuța Rotaru, and Ionel Toader. "Students Involved in Animal Breeding." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture 73, no. 2 (November 30, 2016): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:12394.

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In last decade, Romanian agriculture does not follow entirely the European and programs as concerns land exploitation and animal farming (SAPARD). Restrictive development projects (POS-MEDIU, POS-DRU, POS-CCE) were active only in large private farms, which represent only 10.7% of the total registered farms in Romania. Was used a questionnaire for 36 students of our faculty, which have animal farms in 7 counties in Northwest of Transylvania. The study want to put into evidence the current problems of farmers in conditions of some private farms with small and middle number of animals. As small farms, they do not obtain important productions because of financial resource absence, limited professional education and absence of association in bigger exploitation farms. In these situations, the government must react providing a legal frame for rural agricultural development, supporting and supervising these small exploitations.

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Suroyo, A. M. Djuliati. "IV. Conditions and Systems of Exploitation: Some Preliminary Remarks on Colonial Exploitation Systems inJava and India in the Nineteenth Century." Itinerario 11, no. 1 (March 1987): 61–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300009384.

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To write a comparative study on so broad a scale as colonial exploitation systems in two such very different countries as Java and India would be an enormous task. A more practical approach would be to select a single aspect of the Dutch system on Java for study, and compare this same feature in the context of the British colony. And, conversely, to isolate a particular facet of British practice in India and compare it to Dutch usage on Java, asking.how the systems worked or did not work as they did over a given span of time.

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Morrone, Pietropaolo, and Angelo Algieri. "Biomass Exploitation in Efficient ORC Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 260-261 (December 2012): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.260-261.77.

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The research intends to investigate the energetic performances of Organic Rankine Cycles (ORCs) for the exploitation of the biomass resulting from agricultural residues. To this purpose, a parametric analysis has been carried out. Saturated and superheated conditions at the turbine inlet have been imposed and the effect of the internal regeneration on plant performances has been studied. The results highlight that ORC plants represent an interesting and sustainable solution for small-scale and decentralised power production. Moreover, the analysis shows the significant impact of the temperature and internal regeneration technique on the performances of the biomass power plants.

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Svintsov, Alexander, Evgeniy Alekseev, Svetlana Shambina, Roman Fediuk, and Vladislav Fominov. "Reliability of water fittings in operating conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 263 (2021): 04010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126304010.

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Анотація:

Water fittings are an integral part of the internal water supply system. The reliability of their work under operating conditions largely influence on the continuity of water supply to the population. The reliability indicators of sanitary fittings allow the services responsible for the technical condition of the indoor water supply of houses to pay priority attention to the factors that determine the uninterrupted water supply of the population and reduce the loss of drinking water. In this study, the results of indicators of operational reliability of faucets for sinks in kitchens and washbasins in toilet rooms of apartments of multi-store residential buildings in a residential neighborhood are presented. The study was performed based on the analysis of records in the logs of data on valve failures for 2016-2018. The main malfunctions are established, the random coincidence of which leads to failures. The reliability of sanitary fittings is affected not only by their structure and the characteristics of the materials, as well as by the exploitation conditions. The probability of failure-free operation of sanitary fittings in exploitation conditions for a time not exceeding the duration of the reduction of water supply to consumers in residential buildings is the basic parameter of its reliability.

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38

UBOWSKA, Agnieszka. "THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER MACHINE GUARDS – EXPLOITATION SAFETY." Journal of Science of the Gen. Tadeusz Kosciuszko Military Academy of Land Forces 185, no. 3 (June 1, 2017): 148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5130.

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The machine construction sector uses from 2 to 5% of thermoplastic polymer produc-tion. This material is used to make small elements and big parts of equipment, includ-ing guards. The latter have mechanical vibration damping capacity, do not require any maintenance, are cheap and look attractive. Moreover, polymer guards are an essen-tial element of machines as they improve workplace safety. They are used in such ma-chines as lathes, milling machines, drills, extruding machines, presses and grinders. Pursuant to the Ordinance of the Minister of Labour and Social Policy on general provi-sions for safety and health at work, protective devices used in machines should be strong and durable so as to ensure the appropriate level of occupational safety. This is why the selection of the right material to make such devices is essential. Most fre-quently guards used in the market are steel frames with a polycarbonate screen or lam-inated safety glass. Other materials used to manufacture guards are poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS). Thermoplastics are characterised by high visual light transmittance (even up to 98% in the case of PMMA), easy treatment, pos-sibility to form any shape and resistance to atmospheric factors. However, they are also characterised by limited high temperature resistance, low fire resistance and high speed of fire propagation on their surface which may be dangerous for employees in case of fire. The article discusses the selection of appropriate material for the produc-tion of guards in the context of their exploitation in higher temperature conditions and examines threats posed by thermoplastics in fire conditions.

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39

Wood, Allen. "Marx and Kant on Capitalist Exploitation." Kantian Review 22, no. 4 (November 29, 2017): 641–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1369415417000310.

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AbstractMarx holds that capitalism is exploitative, but not unjust. Kant crafted a theory of right that explains why human beings are treated unjustly when the social system deprives them of the conditions of a free life. This essay attempts to relate Kant’s and Marx’s views to one another and to the capitalist social system, which these two thinkers studied at different stages of development. The economic and social theories of Fichte and Hegel are also employed to help make sense of the points of agreement and of disagreement between Kant and Marx concerning the ways modern capitalism deprives workers of freedom and whether this deprivation should be condemned as unjust.

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40

Squire, Peverill. "Quorum Exploitation in the American Legislative Experience." Studies in American Political Development 27, no. 2 (September 4, 2013): 142–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x13000084.

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Анотація:

I examine the exploitation of quorum rules in American legislatures from the colonial era to the present. After documenting changing quorum standards, I examine instances where minorities (and occasionally majorities) have exploited them through disappearing quorums and bolting quorums. This analysis allows me to identify the conditions under which quorum rules have been more easily abused for partisan purposes.

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41

Grądzki, Rafał. "Parametric evaluation of the technical object suitability based on analyze the quality of its maintenance and use taking into account the initial conditions." MATEC Web of Conferences 182 (2018): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818201006.

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Анотація:

In this paper, the comparison of three various technical objects (engines of public transport buses) exploitation research for different initial conditions are presented. Object researches were carried out in 2012 and then repeated in 2013. Gathered operational data is presented in three sets (1 – concerning object, 2 – concerning driving conditions, 3 – concerning driver, where set 1 is the collection of diagnostic information Dk, and sets 2 and 3 are the information about object environment U) in form of conventional points (experts numerical assessments). Relation between point information of object and point information of environment was described by coupled equations of state (describing relations between operation condition and technical condition including initial conditions for each analyzed exploitation period). That method allows to determine parameters of technical condition aT and operation condition aR and next, from the course of aT parameter, set of parametrical damage mT(t) and from course of parameter aR – set of momentary damage aR(t). Thus it is possible to evaluate exploitation, technical and operation conditions of each object (bus engine). Received reliability parameters allows to properly control exploitation and service of particular objects and set of objects (fleet of buses) and its elements.

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42

Cao, Han, Tianyi Wang, Ting Bao, Pinghe Sun, Zheng Zhang, and Jingjing Wu. "Effective Exploitation Potential of Shale Gas from Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation, Northwestern Hunan, China." Energies 11, no. 12 (December 2, 2018): 3373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123373.

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The marine shale in the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation is the dominant shale-gas reservoir in northwestern Hunan, which accounts for more than 70% of unconventional energy in Hunan province. Accurately evaluating the shale-gas exploitation potential is a key to determining whether commercial exploitation standards can be met. In the literature, most existing studies have focused on evaluating the shale-gas exploitation potential based on either accumulation conditions or the shale fracability, which will lead to a gap between the real production and proven gas reserves due to the characteristics of the shale’s low permeability and low porosity. Therefore, further studies are needed to evaluate the effective shale-gas exploitation potential. To address this need, the outcrop shale samples in the Niutitang Formation were collected from the target regions, and the geological characteristics, mechanics behavior, and microstructure performance were discussed via both field data and laboratory tests. The results revealed that the shale-gas exploitation potential in the Niutitang Formation was indicated to be comparable to that of five validated shale-gas exploitation regions in the United States. To further illustrate the effective shale-gas exploitation potential, this study suggested using a comprehensive evaluation framework for this purpose, in which both accumulation condition and the shale fracability are simultaneously considered. Therefore, the shale gas reservoir in the Niutitang Formation has highly effective shale-gas exploitation potential by considering both the accumulation conditions and the shale fracability.

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43

Nikolova, Julia A., and Larisa V. Skopina. "OPTIONS METHOD FOR OIL EXPLOITATION INVESTMENT PROJECT EFFICIENCY EVALUATION UNDER RISK CONDITIONS." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 3, no. 1 (July 8, 2020): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2020-3-1-159-167.

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In this work modern methods of investment project efficiency evaluation were studied, advantages and disadvantages of using the real option model were shown in comparison with the DCF model. It is proved that a rainbow option is an effective valuation tool in conditions of high oil prices volatility and low study of reserves and resource. Two stages may be identified: mineral exploration and maintenance work. Black-Scholes model was used for option pricing.

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44

Fedotova, Irina V., S. A. Mikhaylova, and S. A. Ashirova. "Occupational risk assessment in modern conditions of exploitation of polyurethane foam industries." Hygiene and sanitation 95, no. 4 (October 28, 2019): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2016-95-4-343-347.

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45

Debieche, T. H., Y. Guglielmi, and J. Mudry. "Modeling the hydraulical behavior of a fissured-karstic aquifer in exploitation conditions." Journal of Hydrology 257, no. 1-4 (February 2002): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1694(01)00539-x.

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46

Terry-Chandler, F. E. "Compulsory Industriousness: Working Conditions and Exploitation in Birmingham during the Industrial Revolution." Midland History 44, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0047729x.2019.1584150.

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47

DAGDEVIREN, HULYA, MATTHEW DONOGHUE, and MARKUS PROMBERGER. "Resilience, Hardship and Social Conditions." Journal of Social Policy 45, no. 1 (July 21, 2015): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004727941500032x.

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AbstractThis paper provides a critical assessment of the term ‘resilience’ – and its highly agent-centric conceptualisation – when applied to how individuals and households respond to hardship. We provide an argument for social conditions to be embedded into the framework of resilience analysis. Drawing on two different perspectives in social theory, namely the structure-agent nexus and path dependency, we aim to demonstrate that the concept of resilience, if understood in isolation from the social conditions within which it may or may not arise, can result in a number of problems. This includes misidentification of resilience, ideological exploitation of the term and inability to explain intermittence in resilience.

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48

Chen, Shi Lei, Xue Yuan Li, Kai Bian, Ying Wang Zhao, and Bo Li. "Analysis of Sustainable Deep Groundwater Development Scenarios in Huantai County." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 3040–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.3040.

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On the basis of the geology and hydrogeology, a three-dimensional numerical groundwater model in the study area was developed to evaluate the deep groundwater resources and avoid the groundwater level declining. According to the long-term water supply plan, water resources characteristics and exploitation status quo of Huantai county, three kinds of groundwater utilization scheme had been designed. The best sustainable groundwater exploitation scheme is determined by using the numerical model to simulate three kinds of mining schemes and analyze the corresponding groundwater flow field. The result shows that maintaining the status quo mining conditions will make the groundwater level decline further. Only reducing industrial exploitation and keeping domestic water mining can improve the conditions, but still difficult to solve the problem. The aim of utilization of deep groundwater can achieve only by reducing disordered water exploitation for production and living.

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49

Stoiński, Andrzej. "Exploitation in the face of justice." Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym 20, no. 6 (February 22, 2017): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.20.6.07.

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Анотація:

The paper refers to selected issues of exploitation in the face of justice. The analysis is based on the definitions of exploitation contained in the Polish Penal and Civil Codes. The main goal is the identification of the necessary and sufficient conditions for the recognition of exploitation as being unjust. A supplementary question will refer to a specific type of justice which should be considered in this case. In this respect, we should consider retributive, distributive and social justice. Another important factor in this regard is the accepted theory of value. In the presented considerations, we will focus on the labour theory of value. The principal issue can be expressed by the questions whether exploitation is ipso facto unjust and how the phenomena of exploitation and justice are related to each other.

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Christ, Katherine Leanne, Roger Leonard Burritt, and Stefan Schaltegger. "Accounting for work conditions from modern slavery to decent work." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 33, no. 7 (July 28, 2020): 1481–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-05-2020-4587.

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PurposeWith the initial focus on the extreme end of the work conditions continuum where, in the last decade, legislation has been introduced to combat illegal and illegitimate practices, this issue's lead paper provides an overview on key topics of extreme work conditions of modern slavery and accounting. The paper introduces the Special Issue on “Accounting for modern slavery, employees and work conditions in business” and its selected papers.Design/methodology/approachThe method adopted is a wide-ranging literature review exploring the continuum of work conditions and their relationship to accounting, especially extreme exploitation of workers through modern slavery.FindingsEmployment and workplace conditions and practices in business can be viewed as a continuum ranging from the illegal and illegitimate practices of modern slavery, through unethical and often illegal practices such as wages theft, to decent work. Given this continuum, in this Special Issue avenues are identified for accounting research to provide an account of the effectiveness of actions taken to eliminate modern slavery and overcome grey areas of work conditions.Practical implicationsThe paper helps to create an improved understanding of different types of exploitation in work conditions in different industries and the role accounting might play in research and practice.Social implicationsSlavery did not end with abolition in the 19th century. Instead, it changed its forms and continues to harm people in every country in the world especially in certain industries, of which several are discussed and accounting advice proffered. Likewise, as reflected in Special Issue papers, the role of accounting in reducing less extreme forms of poor work conditions is also considered.Originality/valueThe paper provides an overview of different forms and degrees of exploitation in work conditions and identifies the need for and areas of accounting research in this emerging area.

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