Дисертації з теми "Expérimentations de transition urbaine"
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Leray, Alexis. "Potentiel des espaces délaissés urbains comme espaces d'expérimentation pour répondre à la transition socio-environnementale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut Agro, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024AGROE072.
Повний текст джерелаUrban leftover spaces, which have historically been a source of citizen reappropriation since the end of the 20th century, could be a way of examining how cities are made today in a context of sustainability transition. Against an institutional context that is focused more on large- scale brownfields, this research, at the interface between behavioural economics, sustainability transitions and the field of planning, is based on the following premise: the inclusion of citizen stakeholders in planning decisions could prove beneficial in unlocking the vast potential of small-scale urban leftovers, by revealing, over and above market value alone, certain forms of values sometimes specific to the public, such as the values of social inclusion and connection with nature. It is therefore necessary to reveal the systems of actors and governance involved in the mobilisation of urban leftovers as a resource, and in particular the sets of values that are specific to them and motivate them to engage in behaviours of transformation and management of urban leftovers. These values, bearing hallmarks of social innovation, are gradually being spread throughout society and strengthened through networks that lead to transformations on a wider scale. This process raises questions about the status of urban leftovers in city strategies, in terms of their experimentation and adaptation potential for a resilient urban model. This PhD thesis is based on a multi-site case study, combining territorial diagnoses (spatial, historical, socio-demographic, landscape and environmental approach to the project) and semi-structured interviews (with citizens, intermediation actors and city planning stakeholders). It focuses on two experiments in urban transition in urban leftovers, one in Nantes as part of the ‘15 lieux à réinventer’ programme, which calls on the creativity of Nantes residents to take ownership of their city's ‘small’ property, and the other in Montreal as part of the ‘Nos Milieux de Vie !’ project, a post-development proposal that encourages experimentation with alternative ways of living together
Rufat, Samuel. "Transition post socialiste et vulnerabilité urbaine à Bucarest." École normale supérieure-Lettres et sciences humaines (Lyon ; 2000-2009), 2008. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01999981.
Повний текст джерелаTransition periods correspond to a reinforcement of vulnerability for the authors of "The Environment as Hazard". This study tries to verify this assertion in the case of the end of socialism based upon the example of Bucharest. It starts from the assumption that there is an articulation between, on the one hand, the transformations of the “transition” period and, on the other hand, the metropolis as a “crucible” of hazard. Then, it tries to determine whether there was an increase in vulnerability in Bucharest during the last fifteen years. The various dimensions of vulnerability are analyzed according to five successive approaches: historical, epistemological, territorial, through the practices and risk management institutions and lastly risk perception. Through this journey, the study finds two types of results. First, the “transition” period resulted in a convergence of the reinforcement of the various dimensions of vulnerability, which leads in some cases to highly alarming situations. Then, the methods designed lead to two applications that go largely beyond the case of Bucharest: a new approach to vulnerability assessment and a new risk perception framework
Jourdan, Gabriel. "Le système de gouvernance territorial au défi de la transition urbaine." Cergy-Pontoise, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CERG0138.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is a geographical study of urban governance. It tries to underline the link between "urban transition", town planning and transportation policies. The "urban transition" means the city moves from a pedestrian organization (the compact city) to a car organization (the dispersed city. ) This process causes automobile dependence and has negative impact on urban sustainable development. Planners wants to control city-sprawl and facilitate car transit. But suburbs and rural municipalities wants more city sprawl and try to stop any control of the land-use at the urban region level. This gap between political and technical logic prevents from any control of urban sprawling, while roads and highways reduce time travel. More and more people can choose peripheral localization for housing, and go fast in the urban region's center. Since a few year, urban planing tries to promote urban sustainable development. Control the "urban transition" is a key issue. But in Nice and Toulouse, "urban region planing governance systems" seams not able to reach this goal. However, external constraints - like national and European laws, or demographic evolution - push some more "sustainable" municipal policies
Mahmood, Kashif. "Transition urbaine et structures familiales au Pakistan, le cas de Faisalabad." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE1136.
Повний текст джерелаAccording to estimates of UNO, by 2030, cities are likely to house about 50 % of Pakistan’s population as compared to 40% for India. Our thesis shows a fascinating picture of changing Pakistani family structure with urban transition in Pakistan. Family can play an important role in successful completion of urban, demographic and fertility transition. We conducted three surveys from December, 2011 to February, 2012 in Faisalabad and analyzed data by cross tabulation, exploratory factor analysis and binomial logistic regression. Standard of living, Urban-Rural divide in housing conditions, household size and family structure are four latent factors which operate in relation to family structure and urban transition. There is a consensus praising the nuclear family system and preference for nuclear family system. Migrations contribute also the expanding nuclear family system. Westernization of family, women empowerment in family and society are three major latent changes in Faisalabad owing to urban transition. Females are much more than males likely to live in a nuclear family system. Upper economic class is also much more likely to live in a nuclear family system than lower economic class. There is much more chance to live in a nuclear family system as education level increases from illiterate to literate. Non-migrants are slightly less likely than migrants to live in a nuclear family system. There is a higher probability to meet nuclear families in urban areas than in rural areas. However, the place of residence has no significance on the family type in relation with social factors. Social factors are determinant in explaining the contrast between urban and rural families
Mahmood, Kashif. "Transition urbaine et structures familiales au Pakistan, le cas de Faisalabad." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE1136/document.
Повний текст джерелаAccording to estimates of UNO, by 2030, cities are likely to house about 50 % of Pakistan’s population as compared to 40% for India. Our thesis shows a fascinating picture of changing Pakistani family structure with urban transition in Pakistan. Family can play an important role in successful completion of urban, demographic and fertility transition. We conducted three surveys from December, 2011 to February, 2012 in Faisalabad and analyzed data by cross tabulation, exploratory factor analysis and binomial logistic regression. Standard of living, Urban-Rural divide in housing conditions, household size and family structure are four latent factors which operate in relation to family structure and urban transition. There is a consensus praising the nuclear family system and preference for nuclear family system. Migrations contribute also the expanding nuclear family system. Westernization of family, women empowerment in family and society are three major latent changes in Faisalabad owing to urban transition. Females are much more than males likely to live in a nuclear family system. Upper economic class is also much more likely to live in a nuclear family system than lower economic class. There is much more chance to live in a nuclear family system as education level increases from illiterate to literate. Non-migrants are slightly less likely than migrants to live in a nuclear family system. There is a higher probability to meet nuclear families in urban areas than in rural areas. However, the place of residence has no significance on the family type in relation with social factors. Social factors are determinant in explaining the contrast between urban and rural families
Gamberini, Julia. "Villes en transition énergétique : recomposition de l'action urbaine de l'énergie en Allemagne." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAH043.
Повний текст джерелаThe concept of energy transition has become a very popular urban research subject in recent years.This work investigates this concept in the context of German cities. Germany proves to be highlyrelevant for two main reasons: the country’s engagement in an ambitious energy transition with itsnuclear phaseout (2022) and its ambition to become an (almost) climate neutral country by 2050.Germany has to count on its cities to drive the energy transition since these are the main sources ofenergy consumption and emissions.However, since the 1990's, German cities, especially those in the new regions, have experiencedthe phenomenon of shrinkage. The striking contradictions of growth and shrinkage test thecapacities of cities to respond to global challenges and states' injunctions. In order to take action,cities often adopt methods and instruments (climate plans, participation, projects, cooperation)following on from what we can call urban strategic management for energy transition. This researchanalyses this management form in two contrasted urban contexts, Heidelberg and Dessau-Roßlau,that have been engaged in climate protection schemes since the 1990's
Faye, Benoît. "Péri-urbanité et transition des espaces sous gravité urbaine en Afrique sub-saharienne." Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR1D018.
Повний текст джерелаLiu, Qinghua. "Missions et chrétientés en transition : la paroisse urbaine de Pékin au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEP046/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation explores a social history of the Beitang parish in Beijing. The first part presents the evolution of the parish from its emergence in 1688 in the Imperial City to its closure in 1827. After an examination of the services rendered to the Qing Court by the Jesuits according to their various “metiers”, we have discussed the situation of the Jesuits in Beijing after 1773, at the time of the crisis of the Society in Europe and China. The Lazarists arrived in 1785 in a situation of chaos where the Jesuits were embroiled and succeeded them to the Qing Court. Following the revolts and crises of the Empire, the state of the mission in Peking became more and more fragile, and the problem arose of maintaining a fragmented Christianity before their expulsion by the Manchu emperor. The second part illustrates the constitution of a network, a structure and the religious life of an urban parish. In the cooperation of all the members of the parish, we see how this community was able to establish and maintain a church, a charitable house and a seminary within the local society. It developed a Christian religiosity in a French form; but on the other hand, it also rejoins the tradition of the various Chinese religions. We have presented the forms of piety, missionaries, procurators, indigenous clergy and laity in all their important functions to form an active parish in the city center, in the exercise of its religious life. As documented by the list of the Christian scriptures and morality books in Chinese language, the confraternities and the laity played an important role, in a context of a lack of missionaries during the French Revolution
Serre, Marion. "Le tiers foncier : ressources, controverses et expérimentations : l'exemple de la ville de Marseille." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0427/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis research questions the inconsistencies between form, regulatory status and use of land, more precisely of freehold. These inconsistencies can create abandoned and neglected spaces. The persistence of this phenomenon demonstrates the necessity of inventing new words to define new mechanisms. In this perspective, I introduce the notion of tiers foncier (third freehold), which can be defined as a transitional state of land, evading the standards established in the regulated city. To define the tiers foncier, I analyzed its forms, status and uses, in the center and the periphery of Marseille. The comparison highlights singular situations: morphological, regulatory and social, in relation to the context (territory and actors). This analysis, based on an intensive (6 cases) and an extensive (scale of Marseille) survey shows that the tiers foncier is marked by several issues: precarious habitat, collective space and biodiversity. In parallel, I analyzed power relations, negotiations, strategies, tactics, and initiatives in these contexts. On this basis, I have been looking for ways of acting on the tiers foncier. For that, I chose to develop action research processes and to analyze their effects. It shows how and why the tiers foncier can be an opportunity to experiment participatory projects or, on the contrary, how and why such efforts failed. This research identifies the tiers foncier not as an empty space to fill up, but as an element of the city which supports an informal urban development. Finally, a major challenge of the tiers foncier is to explore how to allow the development of processes of appropriation, without reducing the margins of manoeuvre of citizens
Akyalçin, Kaya Dilek. "Les Sabbatéens saloniciens (1845-1912) : des individus pluriels dans une société urbaine en transition." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0066.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is to trace Salonican Sabbatians during the second half of the nineteenth century. Economic, social and cultural life of Sabbatian individuals is analysed in the context of a port city, Salonica, which lived through economic, social, urban, demographic and administratif transformations. It analyzes the participation of Sabbatian individuals to these changes, as subject and objects, by concentrating on the role the Sabbatians have in these transformations and the impact of these changes on the Sabbatians’ lives at the end of the nineteenth century in Salonica. It highlights the plurality of economic, social and cultural lives of Sabbatians living at the same time and the ruptures and the continuities in three Sabbatian generations, from the middle of the nineteenth to the first decennie of the twentieth century. Through this examination, this thesis analyzes also the complex relations that the Sabbatians maintain with the other Salonicans and the city of Salonica. It seeks to answer the following questions : Can we talk about a « Sabbatian community » ? What do we understand exactly when we refer to the Sabbatian community ? Does this belonging determine their identity or are there other identities which count more in their eyes and allow them to form themselves as individuals ?
Bodard, Sébastien. "Expérimentations et approche numérique de la transition combustion-déflagration-détonation dans les milieux pulvérulents initiée par un impact à faible vitesse." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4743/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe first part of the present PhD focuses on the conception and the validation of an experimental set up. The aim of the experiments is to generate one-dimensional compaction waves and to observe the media at the grains scale. Two type of powder are used : polypropylene powder and an explosive powder (RDX).The experimental apparatus uses ultra-fast cameras (50 000 images/s) to record the tests. Image correlation is used to compute the displacement and velocity fields.A multiphasic compaction model is then coded. Grain/wall friction is added as the experimental work underlined its importance. Additional work has been provided concerning the granular equation of state and its experimental determination.Numerical results are in good agreement with the experimenations, as long as the experimental set up is not deformed because of the grains' pressure.A few experiments have been done with explosive powders. The experimental set up still needs some improvement but it proved its usefullness for deflagration to detonation studies
Guerrien, Marc. "L'enfance agitée d'une mégapole : transition urbaine et fragmentation de l'espace dans la vallée de Mexico." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011314.
Повний текст джерелаQuertamp, Nguyen Fanny. "Hanoi̇ : une péri-urbanisation paradoxale, transition et métropolisation : analyse cartographique." Bordeaux 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR30026.
Повний текст джерелаLu, Jiangyuan. "Transition of city development in China." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0362/document.
Повний текст джерелаI have already finished the plan of thesis, and started writing.My project is as below: Summary, Introduction, Literature review: October 2017 Second part : October 2017 Third part: November 2017 Forth part: December 2017 Fifth part: January 2018 Correction and revise: February 2018
Simon, Jean-Marie. "Connaitre les origines des paysages de la ville et de l’urbain, pour en débattre et agir : expérimentations pratiquées sur la Métropole du Grand Nancy." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0310/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe European convention of the landscape and the problem of the Historic Urban landscapes proposed by UNESCO, confirm the importance of a good knowledge of the landscapes for a management of the built frame answering the current needs. But, in France, atlas of the landscape, essential elements of the landscaped politics, don’t take into consideration the urban landscapes, apparently for methodological motives. The objective is to think about the methods which can improve this Knowledge.The first part makes the state of the art of the subject, calls back the role of the landscapes in the individual and collective daily well-being, lists the speaker and the doctrines and establishes a balance sheet of the current steps. A second part redraws the methods of the geographical discipline to approach the landscape of the city and its exchanges with other disciplines: the town planning, the landscape, the architecture. The third part is an experiment which leans on an atlas of the landscapes of Meurthe-et-Moselle and deepens the territory of the Metropolis of Grand Nancy. The reserved method, stemming from the practice of transect, is accompanied by limited landscaped analyses coming from the method of the statutory landscaped based on the Landscape Law of 1993. About ten sectors are examined: center, city entrance, lot, large set industrial parks. This approach allows to formulate some methodological proposals which enclose the experiment
Forriez, Maxime. "Caractérisation formelle des structures multi-échelles géographiques en relativité d’échelle : exemples en géographie physique, géographie urbaine, géohistoire et géographie du peuplement." Thesis, Avignon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AVIG1084/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe most obvious characteristic of the terrestrial interface is its heterogeneity. Phenomenologically, this one, human or natural, show limits that define the forms deployed in geographic space. These limits are certainly due to temporal dynamic, all as much as a scale dynamic. This one is manifested in the possible relationships and variables that exist between scales inasmuch as every scale can no conceive than relative to another that is used as reference. This leads to the scale relativity (SR) which should allow to define intrinsically the geographical space. The first objective is to show the possibility of using SR in geography. At the heart of the SR, we found that fractal geometry is indispensable to try to understand the organization in the scales of the world. So far fractals no were used than as a tool of describing more or less relevant. In SR, the fractal forms become a consequence of a formal space intrinsically irregular. The fractality can be thus a way of understanding of the world using the space of scales, that is to say its resolutions. The central objective of this study is thus to build a general fractal methodology necessary under investigation of an unspecified morphology through various examples resulting from the physical geography, the urban geography, the geohistory and the geography of the settlement. The final objective is to lead to solutions formal accessible at a broad community from geographers, which is not the case of the theory of the R.E in its current formalism. From an epistemological point of view, the development in geography of the R.E raises the question of the Re-naturalization of this discipline of the human and social sciences and of the constitution in analytical science, therefore more largely to propose a new definition of the geography
Chabert, Olivier. "Les campagnes périurbaines de Hà Nôi : espaces et société dans sa transition." Bordeaux 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR30060.
Повний текст джерелаSince the late 80s, changes in rural areas, a periurbanization and metropolization process have been generated by agrarian reforms, economic transition policies, easier population movement, private business approval, new land use regulations and urbanization development. Hanoi's extension is characterized by the decline of land availability, enlargement of urban limits, and international investments. This "reformist" movement is the driving force of periurban farming that reflects new socio-economic and political issues. The return to household's economy enables a variety of production systems and an improvement of family income. Increase of the demand for consumer goods and new urban living standards are leading to a development of an agricultural belt. Low public investments, and vagueness of the regulatory framework set an open range for private networks. While the State calls for private economic sector participation in order to develop agro-industries and marketing channels, decollectivization and the restructuring of cooperatives haven't erased communal structures. Socio-economic differentiation leads to a greater awareness among farmers in terms of land speculation or commercial and employment opportunities trough strategies of multi-activities. Besides the land use problems, the competition between urban and agricultural activities also raises new issues related to environmental degradation and socio-economic reconversion of the rural population. Initiating by field surveys, we extricate the specificity of suburban spaces and their path within urban insertion through these strategies leading to the apparition of new landscapes
Peppo, Monika. "Les mutations urbaines et la transition, résultats d'une forte influence des facteurs locaux : vers un nouveau tourisme urbain : le cas de Korça (Albanie)." Angers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ANGE0025.
Повний текст джерелаBehind of the example of Korça (Albania), a city of a country, which was very isolated, we have developed the problems, based into the context of “space-time”, by which are happened the transitions' events. The mechanism of the disaccord, of the non-adjustment, between the times of the spatial structures, is evidently appeared during some of the moments of the crises, serving like the factors. During the urban development, the local and regional geographical contexts had an important influence, which was decisive to the choice of the new urban equipments, in the transition phase. About the attitudes result of a similar ancient history, of the participation in the similar symbols and values, is important to emphasize and to push, considering that this city has a instable border
Ahamadi, Laùrah. "Analyse des stratégies de neutralité carbone des territoires industriels : application au territoire de la communauté urbaine de Dunkerque." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILN035.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on the analysis of carbon neutrality strategies in industrial territories, with a specific application to the territory of the Greater Dunkirk. It is part of a global approach aiming to reconcile economic development and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. This work, carried out in collaboration with the Greater Dunkirk, is based on an immersive approach combining observations, interviews with local stakeholders, and an analysis of industrial emission data to propose effective strategies to achieve carbon neutrality.Our research is organized into five chapters. After the first chapter presenting the context of our research and the formulation of our research question, the second chapter offers a literature review on the challenges of carbon neutrality, the role of territorial authorities in the energy transition, and the specific challenges faced by industrial territories.The third part describes the research methodology, which combines elements of action research and intervention research. The approach is distinguished by the innovative use of the EU Taxonomy, typically reserved for sustainable finance, but applied here to local companies to identify key actors and their potential contribution to territorial governance.The fourth part focuses on the application of this methodology to the territory of the Greater Dunkirk. It analyzes emission data and highlights the challenges the territory faces, as well as the limitations of the local authorities' leverage for action.Finally, the fifth part presents the main results and recommendations. Based on a matrix that cross-references the emission levels of local companies with their alignment to the EU Taxonomy, this approach allows for the identification of priority companies for targeted actions. The recommendations aim to improve territorial governance by strengthening the involvement of companies in the transition to carbon neutrality
Mor, Elsa. "La transition énergétique urbaine : vers une reconfiguration multi- niveaux des systèmes de gouvernance et des systèmes énergétiques ? : Deux études de cas contrastées : Bristol (Royaume-Uni) et Munich (Allemagne)." Thesis, Le Mans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LEMA3010/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe PhD addresses the processes of urban energy transition and their multi-level dimension. Given that these processes cannot be considered independently from the local context in which they apply and that they are built in interaction with the other levels of action, understanding them calls for a multi-level analysis to shed light the articulations between the different scales of decision and action. The first part shows that the systemic and cross-cutting nature of the climate-energy issues makes governance processes more complex and contributes to their reorganization at all scales of action by questioning the standard conceptual frameworks and disciplinary fields. The second and third parts develop mixed case studies, Munich and Bristol. This analysis reveals a contrast in the transition models, between Bristol, which favors a strategy of decentralization and energy resilience supported by the municipality, the energy communities and the industrial actors, and Munich, which adopts a strategy organized around the relocation of electricity generation and the internationalization of activities of the municipal energy company (SWM) – 7th largest German producer. A reversal of the dynamics and national models of energy is paradoxically observed between the national and the local scales. The UK centralism acts as a structural constraint for the decentralized strategy of Bristol, in Munich, the EnergieWende is a driver for the industrial and delocalized strategy of the SWM, which becomes a major player in the federal transition given its scale
Caprani, Isabelle. "Les enjeux spatiaux et sociaux d'une dynamique interethnique en transition dans les quartiers de centre-ville : la construction des diverses formes de représentations dans la manière de définir un quartier de Nice : thèse." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE2024.
Повний текст джерелаThe general objective of this PHD is to define the specificity of an urban space located in the downtown area with social and interethnic dynamics. Specifically the diverse ethnic form and sign to include the understanding manner where society has lived in a specific urban context. The particularity of this work is to advance an analytic method using two disciplines : geography and sociology, in order to bring up a transdisciplinarian research with a common method
Aubert, Flora. "« Communautés énergétiques » et fabrique urbaine ordinaire : analyses croisées Allemagne, France, Royaume-Uni." Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC2016.
Повний текст джерелаRenewables development in urban areas has sparked growing interest, stemming from professionals as well as from civil society as a whole, in sharing locally generated energy. Setting out such an objective regularly relies on local energy initiatives. As the energy industry was previously aiming to be invisible in the urban world, deployment of such energy initiatives raises questions on how urban making will relate with such projects. In this thesis, we hypothesized that these local energy initiatives contribute, in their own way, to make reappear energy systems in the urban area, as well as reconfigure its organization and its operation.This research work is built on four case studies located in three countries: Germany, France, and the United-Kingdom. Chosen cases are as follows: Les Colibres, a participatory housing in Forcalquier (France), Klimakommune in Saerbeck (Germany), European project on electrical storage named Sensible in Nottingham (United-Kingdom), and collective self-consumption project Smartmagne in Marmagne (France). The aim of this work is to understand these projects’making, thus, beyond their materiality, to analyse actors and mechanisms that are at stake in the on-going action. The results of the study are threefold. First, while “energy community” is a widely used notion in scientific literature and in national, European communications, the concept of assemblage is more relevant to characterize the energy initiatives this thesis is focused on. The object of study is at the crossover point between actors (enterprises, researchers, collectives of residents, promoters, collectivities, different groups of interests, etc.) and material and technical objects within a specific energy project: “local and urban socio-energetic assemblages” (LU-SEA, or ASE-LU in French). Their links are not based on social nor political affinities but are generated by the further realization of the project itself. From the four case studies analysed in this thesis, it is possible to link these projects and their effects in the field of what we call the ordinary urban making. As a matter of fact, such developments, which common objective can be casted as mutualisation of locally generated energy, are usually not within large development schemes. In this ordinary urban making, the project holders choose to avoid a socio-political confrontation that would be aimed at changing regulations, laws, or the making’ conditions. They rather take advantage of margins and cracks left open by the ordinary urban making to advance their project and process a social and material reality out of it. Lastly, this work is a mean to discuss the convergence of the outcome of the case studies and their analysis with commons. ASE-LU and urban and/or energy commons share similar issues: legal blocking, flaws and interstices mobilisation. They shape social organizations and spatio-technical sets that challenge at least the standard legal and social structures of the energy industry on the one hand, and of the field of urban making on the other hand
Mazel, Ivan. "Habitation écologique et dispersion bâtie : les « habitats alternatifs » comme expérimentations pour des transitions socioécologiques en territoires de moyenne montagne." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAH025/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis examines the mutations of housing in the context of socio-ecological transitions. These society change processes aim to reduce ecological footprint and are initiated in niches by marginal changes. This work addresses the transformations in the margins of habitat production and it focuses of bottom-up initiatives driven by the inhabitants who set up self-promotion housing or that are involved in public authorities’ projects. The studied alternative housing projects are located in urbanization margins, in mid mountains rural areas. Indeed, in these territories, new ruralities have emerged based on the arrival of new residents supported by non-profit organization and promoted by local government policies and Parcs naturels régionaux. In this work, I thus question the organization of ecological housing in rural areas in the context of the socio-ecological transitions.The general hypothesis of this research is the following one: the alternative housing projects experiment ecological housing in mid mountain rural areas. I propose to test this hypothesis with a global approach to alternative housing projects in order to understand the ecological housing system organization. First, I analyze the relationship between actors in the project process and the use of material, energy and water resources in the construction and operation of these habitats. I then explore the deployment of the ways of living in the organization of the habitat and in the local space through the mobilities. Addressing different types of alternative housing, ecocommunity, rural cohousing and ecological estate, first allows to analyze the rural planning changes from inhabitants’ initiatives. In this way, I highlight the links between individual projects, support program of non-profit organizations and incentivizing public policies. Then, in the context of habitat production margins, I examine the contribution of alternative housing projects to the ecological housing of dispersedly built areas. I show the importance of collective strategies to allow a sober lifestyles, a use of local resources and mutualisation of space and goods. This work brings to light an ecological housing of dispersedly built areas between based on local autonomy and integration within physical and virtual networks
Benblidia, Nadjia. "Apport de l'imagerie satellitale multi-résolution pour l'étude de la dynamique urbaine : le cas d'une ville en zone de transition montagne-plaine : Blida (Algérie)." Paris 12, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA120060.
Повний текст джерелаThe present thesis relates to the contribution of the multi-resolution satellitale imagery to comprehension of urban dynamics in zone of transition mountain-plain ; the urban complex of Blida is taken as zone of study. The process of detection of the changes was carried out in several steps of which : the extraction of the urban morphology and the roads networks ; the analysis of the urban space by fusion of spectral and textural information ; the follow up of it urban and peri-urban dynamics by integration of temporal images
Said, Noha Gamal. "Vers une écologie sensible des rues du Caire : le palimpseste des ambiances d'une ville en transition." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENH004/document.
Повний текст джерелаProposing a rereading of the sensory experience by the term palimpsest is above all focusing on « time ».This approach introduces time as a main material for designing cities. Being defined as a stratification of time by a continual re-writing, the metaphorical coupling of terms « ambiance-palimpsest » adds a temporal depth to the sensory phenomena. It point out how everyday life experience reflects a maintain over time. This vision redefines the ambience as an incarnation of the past in the present through a continuous process of sedimentation of traces. Ambience-palimpsest embodies a power of time in which the past is reconstructed differently with each time a new present is overlaid upon territory. Between the production of memorial cities and artifacts ones, the current contemporary urban thinking marks a crisis in dealing with time, in which the present functions as a buffer, isolating the past from the futur. The introduction of term palimpsest in the field of ambiences relocates the present as a connecting interface between the two temporal entities. Taking into consideration the temporal depth when analyzing the sensory experience, offers a new perspective of designing cities by recomposing the past sensory values in a projection to the future. It mixes a retrospective and prospective approaches for rethinking the future of cities. In such an interest, this thesis proposes an architectural reading tool « the temporal section » as a way to stroll in time and to unfold the layers of sediment memories. This architectural section, to which we add time as vertical dimension of place, helps reading the temporal configuration of the experience, thus marking a turning point in the representation of cities form cartography to stratigraphy
Nciri, Aida. "The divergent diffusion of district energy systems in France and Alberta : state politics and the socio-material and socio-spatial construction of low-carbon transitions." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC2192.
Повний текст джерелаHow do different state structures and urban and energy socio-material contexts explain the uneven diffusion of district energy systems (DES) in urban areas of France and Alberta between 2000 and 2014 ? To answer this question, this thesis analyses the processes inherent to low-carbon energy transitions through socio-spatial and socio-material lenses, considering power relations and state structure. At the intersection of urban planning and energy systems, DES proves practical to explore the nexus between low-carbon governance, energy governance, and urban governance. Theoretical frameworks employed in the analysis include 1) recent contributions from (urban) transition studies and socio-technical systems ; 2) a Lefebvrian conceptualisation of socio-space and social changes ; and 3) Jessop’s (1990, 2008) strategic-relational approach of state power. An original inter-scale comparative research allows for examining the uneven construction of low-carbon energy policies in France and Alberta, and their relations with state structures, and existing urban and energy systems. Jessop et al.’s Territory-Place-Scale-Network (TPSN) framework is mobilised to overcome the issues of commensurability and spontaneous comparison. These theoretical and methodological approaches provide a robust demonstration that the provincial scale in Canada, and the national scale in France, are the scales dominating the construction of low-carbon energy transitions and urban governance. Despite similar state powers, French and Albertan governments developed different state policies on low-carbon transition, highlighting selectivity in the exercise of state capacities. They differently engaged and enabled local urban governments and developed different state interventions on DES. In France, state-sponsored DES activated new channels of growth compatible with existing dominant socio-materialities; in Alberta, state-funded DES experiments failed to activate new channels of growth compatible with dominant socio-materialities. This thesis posits that selective construction of low-carbon policies depends on the material interests of dominant energy and state actors. In other words, the state does not seek to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by all means. Rather, it seeks to reproduce dominant socio-material status quo, adapting low-carbon policies to existing socio-material configuration. Ultimately, this thesis validates how the concepts of state structure and the TPSN framework can enrich the theorisation of space and power relations for (urban) transition studies
Forriez, Maxime. "Caractérisation formelle des structures multi-échelles géographiques en relativité d'échelle : exemples en géographie physique, géographie urbaine, géohistoire et géographie du peuplement." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00691773.
Повний текст джерелаArik, Elvan. "Se chauffer à Istanbul : Des pratiques thermiques face aux épreuves de la transition et de l’efficacité énergétiques." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI107/document.
Повний текст джерелаMy research focuses on the transformations of heating practices in Istanbul driven by the arrival of a new energy resource. Through the analysis of a contested and non linear trajectory of natural gas diffusion, my dissertation reveals the specificities and the contradictions of an « ordinary » process of energy transition (natural gas being a substitute for traditional fuels such as coal/wood) in light of the unequal dynamics of social appropriation of technological innovations, which reinforce and sometimes subvert the very nature of technical and political projects. Inspired by works on the sociology of energy and urban political ecology, I propose to analyze the construction of a new socio-technical system (network distribution service, boiler devices which pretend to be efficient for the most recent ones, meters, solar panels, etc.), to understand the conflicting logics of territorialization of these artefacts in relation with other dynamics of urban transformations, and finally to identify the material, cultural and socio-economic conditions, though which these new energy amenities success or failed to connect differents categories of people and neighbourhoods. In doing so, my thesis answers a double questioning : given the nature of various obstacles to overcome in the context of Istanbul (urban sprawl, high rates of poverty, heritage of a built environment which is inapropriate with the installation of central heating system), how can we explain the quickness and the large scale development of natural gas demand in Istanbul ? How can we interpret the multiple forms of vulnerability produced by an energy transition process, which is paradoxically, supposed to embody the modernization of Istanbul and to foster its internationalization ?
Langlois, Amandine. "Processus de permanence dans la fabrique urbaine : contribution d'une pratique de design in situ à l'émergence du lieu anthropologique." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://theses.scd.univ-tours.fr/index.php?fichier=2018/amandine.langlois_7509.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаA necessary ecological transition encourages the transformation of practices in urban projects. The current challenges lie in the creation of networks and in valuing existing initiatives rather than setting up large planned projects. The permanence process, in an ecosophical approach of design (Guattari, 1989), proposes the extensive immersion of the designer on-site and favours the networking of local opportunities. The permanence is a practice that is part of an established system of urban production in which the designer (urban planner, architect, landscaper or space designer) resides on-site for an extended period of time, sometimes up to several years. The permanence process promotes the emergence of the anthropological site through the practice of (1) in situ design (valorisation of the legacy site), (2) in tempore design (development of an ecosystem of incremental acts) and (3) in hospite design (diversification in the modes of participation). The permanent designers (Hallauer, 2017) realise their productions on-site with a view of provoking project situations with the residents through systems of conviviality (Illich, 1973), and seeking to foster their empowerment (Bacqué and Biewener, 2013)
Lebois, Valérie. "Les ressources des espaces intermédiaires : Analyse socio-spatiale dans l'habitat collectif contemporain parisien." Paris 8, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA083286.
Повний текст джерелаSocio-space analysis in the Parisian contemporary collective habitat Intermediate spaces in our research are analyzed starting from the halls, porches, course, gardens, staircases, corridors, stages of the Parisian contemporary residential buildings. On the basis of investigation of ground, we seek to seize the potential which represent these spaces located between housing and the street for the whole of the actors who take part in their configuration. Our investigation relates as much to logics to work in the manufacture of these spaces as on perceptions and the practices which are registered there and, in their turn, determine them. We wonder mainly about the ambiguity of the statute which characterizes these spaces with the articulation of deprived and of the public. Which room for maneuver this share of indetermination does it give the architects, with the owners building, the managers of social housing and the inhabitants? How do they interpret it according to their competence, their interests, of their representation of the urban company and stakes which they confer on the dense city? We seek to show how these confrontations from point of view are translated in the development of the architectural devices like in their modes of appropriation. Thanks to the method of the courses with accompanying notes, we wish to identify the properties that the inhabitants allot in their daily crossings to the architectural qualities implemented. We are also interested in “extraordinary” forms of occupation more as the festival. This one gives to see a time of exploration of the places and bonds who appears privileged to us to question the concept of space resource
Jkaoua, Zineb. "Méthodologie participative pour une rénovation urbaine durable : influence du microclimat sur le confort des usagers." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0160.
Повний текст джерелаThe escalating concerns surrounding climate change are evidenced by the exacerbation of summer heat waves, posing significant challenges to urban environments. These heat events detrimentally affect daily activities, compromise public health, and intensify energy demands for building cooling systems. Urgent action is required to transition towards resilient, environmentally friendly cities. This necessitates a reevaluation of architectural priorities towards urban redevelopment and building rehabilitation. This thesis advocates for a participatory approach that empowers the decision-makers and designersto address climate change impacts effectively. By focusing on enhancing perceived comfort and quality of life, this research aligns with the priorities of design offices and project owners. Through a scientific methodology, decision support tools are analyzed to inform urban design processes effectively.This thesis proposes to offer, to the designers and the decision-makers, tools adapted to the practice, acting from the programming to the exploitation of an urban renewal project and this, considering the local climatic aspect and the subjective aspect.The thesis employs a scientific methodology, analyzing various decision support tools to enhance urban comfort. Through sensitivity analysis of the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), significant parameters affecting comfort are identified, followed by the validation of an average perceived comfort index (APCI) at the urban scale. Utilizing a combination of in-situ measurements and standardized surveys, a perceived average comfort index (APCI) is derived and correlated with microclimatic measurements. Additionally, simplified numerical simulations at the building scale assess the impact of urban renovations on interior comfort, leveraging existing building databases and weather data adjustments.This research contributes practical methodological frameworks essential for the development of comfortable urban projects, vital for urbanization strategies better suited to future climate realities. By integrating local climatic considerations with subjective perceptions, this thesis provides designers and decision-makers with tailored tools to guide urban renewal projects towards enhanced comfort, sustainability, and resilience
Carlisi-Ridacker, Cyrielle. "Les opérations de rénovation thermique de maisons individuelles : pratiques de collectifs et de ménages (Lorraine)." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCC008.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis supports a reflection on the expertise deployed by a multitude of actors (human and non-human) on a multi-dimensional and complex subject: global, efficient, and collective energy retrofit. It questions the places and roles of actors in the design of collective and experimental actions which aim to achieve a massification of the energy retrofit of private individual housing. Four schemes, supported by a regional programme, are analysed through the sociology of organisations and the network actor. The careful study of the logic of actions, the articulation and the dynamics of the actors makes it possible to understand how the devices are built as «intermediaries» in their territory, or even as third-partiestrust in their target audience. This one is made up of private owners. The thesis provides an understanding of their practices and representations, and of their renovation paths. The joint study of private devices and uses provides an understanding of the strengths and limitations of collective operations. Through its research-action dimension, the thesis provides recommendations from a field of observation conducted for nearly three years in Lorraine. In this approach, the role of the sociologist, taken in the same way in the observations as any other actor, is the object of a reflexive work
Thirion, Anne-Marie. "La gouvernance locale des écocités : regard comparatif France-Danemark." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1G020.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deconstructs governance over four ecocity projects: two in Rennes (France), one in Copenhagen and another one in Helsingør (Denmark), which have been completed over one or several decades. The monitoring of these projects is carried out at the metropolitan level, but with a significant nation-state and European Union influence. These projects peculiarly highlight the views of public and private institutions or NGOs on large urban territories nowadays. The analysis covers different scales from a local or national to a supranational perspective. They also point out how well institutions are managed, and question how consistent public action and local democracy is in today's globalized world. My research is based on two hypotheses. It first assumes the emergence of a new governance model between public and private stakeholders across these state-of-the-art urban projects. Secondly, it raises the question of new patterns based on marketing methods and communication tools. It raises therefore the question of common European building features. Finally, the purpose of this research is to deliver a new typology of urban sustainable projects, based on three pillars (economic, social and environmental) as suggested by the Brundtland report (1987), the international reference in sustainability, if any
Wernert, Carole. "L'historicité de la transition énergétique bas carbone : analyse comparée des politiques énergie-climat locales en France (Metz) et en Allemagne (Sarrebruck)." Thesis, Le Mans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LEMA3016.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis questions the capacity of cities to seize the energy issue through history, then through a low carbon perspective. It is based on assumptions that the introduction of energy as a local resource, is to become a reason for low carbon transition in cities. The historicity of this transition indicates that its lineaments are sometimes identifiable before the advent of its imperatives. Through a territorial history of energy, the thesis contributes to decoding keys of interest of cities to the low carbon transition as well as "its atomic elements" at the local scale.The city of Metz has a Local Distribution Company (ELD), rare in France, created under German annexation in 1901: Usine d'Electricité de Metz (UEM). The company produces and distributes electricity and heat. It belongs to the city (85%) and consolidates public finances while developing local and / or renewable resources.Saarbrücken, the capital of a German coal and industrial land, seems reluctant to the low carbon transition. However, in the years 1980-1990, the city and its "Stadtwerk" (German ELD) challenged nuclear power-plants and played the role of laboratory for renewables. The energy transition in Saarbrücken also shows ruptures, coal path dependencies, and illustrates the non-linearity of the process. Depending on the historical characteristics of cities and the exogenous pressures on urban supply, low-carbon energy transitions interest local actors to different extents and take various forms and rhythms
Greiner, Nicolas. "Le déploiement spatial du numérique : temps long et effets nationaux. Étude comparative des espaces industrialo-urbains dans l’espace transfrontalier de la Grande Région." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0120.
Повний текст джерелаThe penetration of digital technology into urban spaces is renewing urban planning practices and modes of governance. The concept of ‘smart city' has emerged in public debate to describe this process. The widely accepted idea is that this is a predominantly metropolitan dynamic for a phenomenon that is ubiquitous in all countries. In contrast, the aim of this research is to examine the digital anchoring in non-metropolitan areas, in this case industrial and mining areas, and in different national contexts. By analysing the development of these areas over long time, and by measuring practices observed on platforms and social networks, the research enables us to test the factors that play the most direct role on the digital penetration of digital technology between, on the one hand, the hypothesis of trajectories and, on the other, the hypothesis of national contexts of belonging. Lastly, semi-directive interviews were used to assess the strategies and representations of the players involved in the process of digital penetration within their territory. The field of study is the cross-border area of the Greater Region, which includes regions developed in the wake of the second industrial revolution, and belonging to four different countries (Germany, Belgium, France and Luxembourg). The results show that national contexts and trajectories are factors that affect the practices observed in the use of digital tools and the ways in which they are deployed. Finally, many organisational obstacles inherited from the socio-technical dynamics of the last century can be observed in all regions
Thomas, Gérard. "De « l’urbanisme agricole » à l’agriurbanisme : un processus exploratoire pour un développement urbain durable." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BOR30026.
Повний текст джерелаThis research, undertaken by a professional urban planner, aims to explore already implemented regional planning methods, to analyze the forms and conditions of the convergence of public policies in the fields of urban planning and agriculture, to identify the tools available to local decision makers to achieve this convergence, resulting in sustainable development objectives set by the authority. The separate management of agricultural and urban spaces has contributed to the loss of the historical link of interdependence and complementarity, which has long defined the relationship between cities and countryside. With the existence of a limited effectiveness of planning documents to reduce the consumption of agricultural space, the problem to be managed is that of maintaining agriculture as it competes with other uses. By analyzing the regional impacts (both environmental and socio-economic) of existing public policies regarding agriculture and urban planning, this research aims to question the professional work practices, the concepts and existing urban planning methods. The research hypothesis posits the need to consider the construction of an agri-urban actionable framework, which integrates all interaction between agriculture, the city and nature, to discover new methods which will allow the integration of “agriurbanisme” into public action. This hypothesis integrates all previous studies, which include a diversity of personal experience, past and present, of the urban planner/researcher as well as specific project research experience (e.g. urban community of Bassin Brive in Corrèze). This endeavor aims to comprehend the conditions of the transition from an agricultural misconception of urban planning to the construction of an actionable framework and, ultimately to the implementation of an operational “agriurbanism” model. This shift from an agri-urban perspective to operational agri-planning questions the practices of urban planning professionals, challenges not only local politicians in their governance methods but civilians as well (particularly in agricultural areas), invites both transdisciplinarity and controversy resulting in economical space management or agricultural land preservation. As for the complex relationship of the city with it’s natural and living surroundings, the agri-urban interdependencies are challenged to define a new developmental approach more favorable to the needs of regional sustainable development
Garcia, Arias Jenny. "Disparités de mortalité par causes en Amérique latine : l'hypothèse du «biais urbain»." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H014.
Повний текст джерелаIn 1977, Michael Lipton introduced the Urban Bias Thesis as a framework for understanding how most macro- and microeconomic policy initiatives have historically benefited the over-development of urban areas and the underdevelopment of rural areas. In Latin America, urbanization and mortality decline have historically been positively related: the health transition in the region has been initiated in the main cities and has tended to proceed more rapidly in countries with higher levels of urbanization. This research looks for evidence on: the persistence of an urban advantage in mortality; and traces of an "urban bias" in the causes of death patterns in the region. Using a sample of Latin American countries over the period 2000-2010, I apply decomposition methods on life expectancy at birth to analyze the disparities in mortality patterns and causes of death when urban and rural areas are considered separately. Urban is defined as a continuum category instead of a dichotomous concept. Hence, three types of spatial groups are recognizable in each country. The countries under analysis are Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela. The results indicate that the urban advantage is persistent and that rural-urban mortality differentials have consistently favored cities. This advantage in mortality comes as an outcome of lower rates for causes of death that are amenable to primary interventions, meaning they are made amenable by the existence of basic public infrastructures as well as by the provision of basic goods and services
Thébault, Emma. "La ville à fleur d'eau : doctrines, techniques et aménagements de l'eau de pluie et des cours d'eau dans l'agglomération parisienne, 1970-2015." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H100.
Повний текст джерелаSince the 2010s, strategic local policies concerning urban resilience and biodiversity support are being promoted, focusing on ways to renew urban water management. Research points however, to the low effectiveness or efficiency of such urban environmental policies, and questions the need of renewing the relationship between the environment and the city. Other researches put forward that a major change occurs in urban rainwater management since the 1970s. We follow the idea of an ecological and climatic transformation of rainwater and urban rivers management since the 1970s. Three hypotheses underlie this thesis. First, based on ecological and climatic principles, a technical management doctrine transforms the urban water engineering. Secondly, urban hydrology has experienced a shift, carried out by new techniques. Thirdly, this technical doctrine has extended to urban planning and design. We tested the hypotheses by the study of a corpus of guides and technical documents produced between 1970 and 2015; of an inventory of techniques; and of five case-studies, completed with interviews with professionals. The study found that ecology is present, but as an auxiliary to sanitation principles. An ecological ethic is incorporated into technical doctrines : the use of living organisms in engineering is partially based their supposed superior effectiveness in spatial planning. The hydrology of the Paris metropolitan area seems to be marginally evolving. Urban neighborhoods are not transformed by water management : urban water spaces and facilities remain tenuous, discontinuous, underlying and preceded by other logics of spatial organization
Haour, Baptiste. "Projeter les conditions de coexistence et de subsistance en milieu urbain : des outils pour transformer les espaces ouverts de proximité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04870321.
Повний текст джерелаThis work focuses on the roof terrace, the courtyard, the street, the square and the abandoned site, seeing them as neighbourhood open spaces whose use is or can be shared. The thesis argues that these spaces can establish conditions of liveability that respect planetary limits and other forms of terrestrial life.Soil renaturation and greening, food gardening, DIY manufacturing and reuse, the so-called subsistence activities, potentially undertaken by inhabitants, activate neighbourhood open spaces. The spatialisation of these activities transforms these spaces into places of subsistence: the vegetable garden on the roof, the rain garden in the courtyard, the itinerant repair workshop in the street, or the orchard in the park.So how do places of subsistence contribute to the new conditions of liveability in the urban environment? And how can architects use neighbourhood open spaces to develop tools for incorporating these new conditions and qualities of liveability into the design process?Composing a conceptual framework and building reading tools.A variety of projects and sites representing places of subsistence are brought together to form the corpus. Drawings were used to sketch out the interactions produced and enabled by the places of subsistence. These representations, combined with a selective review of the state of the art, give rise to the concept of a regenerative self-subsistence system. This concept describes the capabilities of subsistence areas, by setting out the three complementary qualities it contains. Firstly, environmental quality, which contributes to decarbonisation, adaptation to heatwaves and floods, and the circularity of resources. Then there's the relational quality, which puts people back among and with other forms of life in the environment. And finally, cooperative quality, which recognises the collective ingenuity of inhabitants in the process of transforming and living in the area. These three qualities are then considered as levers that contribute to the emergence of new conditions of liveability.Producing planning tools based on a reading of places.The corpus, made up of examples of projects and study areas, is mobilised once again to create design tools. A reading grid, formulated on the basis of the three qualities of the system, uses the drawing tool to extract knowledge, by schematising, isolating and highlighting the qualities contained in the situations observed. This localised knowledge, through a process of abstraction made possible by re-drawing, has the capacity to produce generic knowledge: the design tools. These take the form of thematic repertoires or project principles.Projecting new conditions for living in San Lorenzo.The final stage consists of testing these tools in the Roman district of San-Lorenzo. A two-pronged approach is used to assess San Lorenzo's potential for transformation. It combines calculations of climatic performance with drawings to highlight the district's vulnerabilities and qualities. The tools are then used to guide the transformation of the neighbourhood's open spaces, offering new opportunities for inhabitants to come into contact with living plant life.Finally, the thesis highlights the knowledge production mechanisms used by the architect to read and project the qualities of the liveable. The permanent adjustment of these reading/design tools will enable him to respond appropriately to the challenges of his time
Vaz, Céline. "Le franquisme et la production de la ville : politiques du logement et de l’urbanisme, mondes professionnels et savoirs urbains en Espagne des années 1930 aux années 1970." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100196.
Повний текст джерелаFrancoism and urban production. Housing and urban policies, professionals and urban sciences in Spain from the 1930's to the 1970's.An urban model oriented towards growth, lack of public facilities and infrastructure, high proportion of owner-tenancy, shortage of public housing, or the relevance of real state in the national economy are some of the characteristics of Spain’s urban development during Franco’s dictatorship. It became a main social concern and way to criticize Franco’s regime at the end of the dictatorship. The aim of this PhD thesis is to study the mode of production of Spanish cities during the dictatorship and the social urban movement at the end of the regime. This research is based on the double analysis of national urban planning and housing policies and of the role of one of their principal actors: the architects. During the Franco’s era, State’s intervention was indeed reflected on housing and town-planning through a set of central institutions or bodies, of legal provisions and official measures. Theses decisions determined the mode of urban development. Owing to their privileged position in the building sector in Spain, architects play a key role in the definition and implementation of these policies. Moreover, some architects were years later the leaders of urban criticism and urban social movement. This set-up brings into light the development, if not the constitution, of the urban space as a category of public action during the Franco years, as well as its effects on the professional and scientific fields. This PhD thesis intends to constitute a social history of urban policies during the Franco’s era (1939-1975). Through this approach, it contributes to a better knowledge of the history of this period, of the history of urban social sciences and public action and of the sociology of professions
Benigni, Camille. "Les espaces intermédiaires et la densification des tissus périurbains." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100147/document.
Повний текст джерелаActually the discussion about the use of territories, which is associated with suburbanization characterized by the house led us to undertake our research. The research aims to include the development of peri-urban fabrics in architectural and urban historiography. And from that, we have analysed these suburban forms. Density has a bad press among scientists and city professionals; today it seems to be considered as a cure for the urban sprawl. Therefore, we have looked at the exploitation of the density by the different actors of the City, through legislation, planning documents. We focused on the study of the definition of density, its place in urban theory and its relation with peri –urban fabric morphogenesis. This research addresses the transformation of suburban fabric (whose analysis is not present in the scientific work) through the prism of the “in-between spaces”, which we consider an important issue in the sustainable development of territories. Finally, this work has proposed to produce a new reading of suburban areas by the “in-between spaces” in the suburban plot, whereas the analysis of the transformations that take place, are a prominent feature for urban policy
Mondain, Nathalie. "Être en âge de se marier et choix du conjoint : continuité et changements des processus matrimoniaux en milieu rural au Sénégal." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14836.
Повний текст джерелаAutin, Grégoire. "S'engager pour et dans un autre monde : ethnographie d'une initiative alternative luttant pour une transition sociale, politique et environnementale." Thèse, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23504.
Повний текст джерелаIn my thesis, I investigate Bioma, a self-managed collective involved in alternative practices that are part of a "socio-ecological transition" strategy within the environmental movement. Without engaging directly in contentious actions, Bioma contributes to a redefinition of the environmental movement's demands and perspectives. The aim of my thesis is to analyze precisely the ways alternative practices are constructed and articulated with other collective actions. This allows me to better understand how alternative initiatives can participate in a certain type of social change. Alternative practices carry a model of social transformation by transition. Thus, it is different from other perspectives of social change such as revolutionary or reformist ones. Transition, as a model of social transformation, is a highly debated topic. Its content, form, objectives and potential radicality are all subjected to controversies. By studying the tensions, constraints and ambivalences that are experienced by Bioma's activists, I explore what real alternative practices may be, in their empirical materiality, but also the ways in which they are involved in a specific model of social change by transition. In addition to being part of a main social movement, alternative practices usually support, participate and are articulated with other types of social movements. Hence, we shouldn't understand the strategies and models of social change in an exclusive manner. Alternative practices carry a perspective of transition while also participating in both contentious strategies and more institutional ones. The members of Bioma are experimenting and prefiguring material and relational practices that aim at transforming individuals' subjectivity. These internal practices unfold and are projected in the relationships that Bioma create. Therefore, this group participates to the diversification of possible and actually existing modes of existence and commitment. Through these alternative practices, Bioma builds specific spaces that are part of a spatial struggle. The type of transition for which Bioma fights is "ontological" as it aims at creating a "world" different from the dominant world, even though it is interwoven within it. My thesis shows how this always imperfect and unfinished alternative world is built and experimented. Through this analysis, we see how this world generates a number of tensions and ambivalences that the activists of Bioma live daily. My analysis draws from a three-year long ethnographic fieldwork during which I was immersed in projects of urban agriculture and permaculture. During this time, I became part of the group and I participated in every collective activities and practices. I also conducted interviews, had in-depth informal conversations and collected and analyzed the documents that were present in my fieldwork. For the whole of my fieldwork, my research posture was one of a militant ethnographer.
Lachapelle, Patrick. "Les municipalités dans le secteur énergétique québécois : le cas du chauffage urbain." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12432.
Повний текст джерелаDans un contexte de changements climatiques et de transition énergétique, le Québec semble jouir d’une situation privilégiée, produisant une importante quantité d'hydroélectricité à bon prix. Or, malgré la croyance populaire avérée voulant que l'énergie québécoise soit abondante, propre et peu coûteuse, l'avenir énergétique du Québec est pourtant précaire. D’ici quelques décennies, le Québec devra importer une quantité appréciable d'électricité à un prix plus élevé; les grands gisements hydroélectriques à faibles prix sont tous exploités; et la culture Hydro-Québec(oise) semble freiner le développement d'alternatives énergétiques, laissant peu de place à l'innovation locale qui pourrait notamment provenir des municipalités. Alors que dans plusieurs pays les municipalités sont reconnues comme étant des acteurs de premier plan dans le secteur énergétique, ici, au Québec, leur rôle dans le système énergétique national demeure somme toute marginal. En tant que principal acteur responsable de l'aménagement du territoire, il semble que les municipalités québécoises peuvent jouer un rôle de premier plan sur la scène énergétique. Ainsi peuvent-elles densifier leur territoire, développer les transports collectifs et actifs, adopter des pratiques énergétiques exemplaires, comme elles peuvent produire leur propre énergie à partir d'éoliennes, d’énergie solaire ou encore de systèmes de chauffage urbain. Le chauffage urbain et les réseaux thermiques étant moins bien connus et documentés au Québec, la présente étude tente d'expliquer le faible niveau de pénétration des réseaux thermiques dans le paysage énergétique québécois. L'étude tente également de comprendre quels ont été et quels sont les obstacles à son implantation dans le contexte énergétique fort particulier du Québec. Finalement, l'étude cherche à ouvrir la discussion sur les motifs qui pourraient pousser les municipalités québécoises à s'intéresser à ce type de développement énergétique. En se basant sur une vingtaine d'entrevues réalisées auprès d'acteurs-clés du secteur énergétique et municipal québécois, il ressort que le faible niveau de pénétration des réseaux thermiques dans les municipalités québécoises s'explique en partie par : la faiblesse des prix de l'hydroélectricité; par la prégnance d'une culture Hydro-Québec(oise) confortable et suffisante; ainsi que par des dynamiques organisationnelles et une certaine inertie politique qui limitent l’appropriation de la compétence énergétique au sein des municipalités québécoises. En contrepartie, il ressort de l'étude que les projets d'implantation de réseaux thermiques ont davantage de chance de se développer dans des contextes où : l'on assiste à des seuils minimaux de densité urbaine ou énergétique; le potentiel de développement d'une filière énergétique coïncide avec le développement de l'économie locale ou régionale; l'on constate la présence d'une vision concertée de la collectivité ou d'un agent mobilisateur dans la communauté locale.