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Статті в журналах з теми "Experimental setting"

Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Experimental setting.

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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1

Porta, Nicolas F. M., and Robin H. Steinhorn. "Inhaled NO in the experimental setting." Early Human Development 84, no. 11 (November 2008): 717–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2008.08.004.

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2

Claassen, Ryan L. "Ideology and Evaluation in an Experimental Setting." Political Research Quarterly 60, no. 2 (June 2007): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1065912907302050.

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3

Clough, Patricia Ticineto. "Comments on Setting Criteria for Experimental Writing." Qualitative Inquiry 6, no. 2 (June 2000): 278–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107780040000600211.

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4

Casal, Diogo, David Tanganho, Teresa Cunha, Eduarda Mota-Silva, Inês Iria, Diogo Pais, Paula Videira, José Videira-Castro, and João Goyri-O’Neill. "Unconventional Perfusion Flaps in the Experimental Setting." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 143, no. 5 (May 2019): 1003e—1016e. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/prs.0000000000005560.

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5

Herzberg, Roberta Q., and Rick K. Wilson. "Results on Sophisticated Voting in an Experimental Setting." Journal of Politics 50, no. 2 (May 1988): 471–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2131804.

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6

Gilbert, Karen M., and Christopher D. Wickens. "Experimental Evaluation of STOM in a Business Setting." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (September 2017): 767–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601676.

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Анотація:

This study investigated the effect of autonomous prioritization on attention in a high-workload environment. It explored the “priority mystery,” or neglect of priority in switching behavior, found in previous Strategic Task Overload Model (STOM) experiments (Wickens Gutzwiller & Santamaria, 2015; Raby & Wickens 1994). We hypothesized that participants who could choose their own prioritization of tasks would view their prioritized task as more attractive and allocate more time and attention than participants who were not able to autonomously prioritize the tasks. Ninety-three participants were told to choose their own priority, given a priority, or not given any direction on priority of tasks. Participants had thirty minutes to complete two computer-based tasks and then were asked to rate the priority, interest, difficulty, and salience of each task. Priority influenced time on task most for the self-chosen priority group and not at all for the group given no priority direction. The more difficult task was also chosen less frequently. The implications and limitations of this study are discussed.

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7

Pavón, R., F. Díaz, R. Laza, and M. V. Luzón. "Experimental evaluation of an automatic parameter setting system." Expert Systems with Applications 37, no. 7 (July 2010): 5224–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2009.12.087.

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8

Orland, Andreas, and Michael W. M. Roos. "Price-setting with quadratic adjustment costs: Experimental evidence." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 163 (July 2019): 88–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2019.05.010.

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9

Alzaraa, Ahmed, Gianpiero Gravante, Wen Yuan Chung, Dhya Al-Leswas, Morgan Bruno, Ashley R. Dennison, and David M. Lloyd. "Targeted microbubbles in the experimental and clinical setting." American Journal of Surgery 204, no. 3 (September 2012): 355–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2011.10.024.

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10

Martin Petersen, Joseph. "Simulating Human Occupancy in an Experimental Laboratory Setting." International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy 4, no. 1 (2015): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20150401.12.

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11

Annesi, James J. "Goal-Setting Protocol in Adherence to Exercise by Italian Adults." Perceptual and Motor Skills 94, no. 2 (April 2002): 453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.94.2.453.

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Анотація:

A goal-setting protocol, based on research in goal setting and performance and personal construct theory, was tested for its effect on adherence to a new exercise program. The Goal-setting group ( n = 50) had significantly less dropout (30%) than the control group ( n = 50) (74%). The Goal-setting group also had significantly better attendance ( p<.0001). Suggestions for increasing confidence in findings through further research and practical implications of using the protocol to improve exercise maintenance across settings were discussed.

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12

Wilson, Marc Stewart. "On setting up straw gods?" Religion, Brain & Behavior 9, no. 2 (February 8, 2018): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2153599x.2017.1414711.

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13

Carron, Albert V., and Kevin S. Spink. "Team Building in an Exercise Setting." Sport Psychologist 7, no. 1 (March 1993): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.7.1.8.

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Анотація:

The purpose of the study was to determine if cohesion could be enhanced in fitness classes through a psychological intervention program focusing on team-building concepts. University aerobics classes were randomly assigned to an experimental (n=8) or a control (n=9) condition. The instructors in the experimental condition were brought to a workshop where the potential benefits of cohesiveness for exercise classes were outlined and a conceptual model for team building was presented. Using the conceptual model as a frame of reference, the instructors established the specific interventions to be used in team building in their classes. Each class met three times a week for 13 weeks; the team-building strategies were implemented in classes in the experimental condition. Discriminant function analysis showed that the experimental (team-building) and control conditions could be differentiated on the basis of their cohesiveness, χ2(1) = 12.39, p<.001. Participants in the experimental condition expressed more individual attractions to the group task (ATG-Task) than participants in the control condition. A t test also showed that the team-building program significantly enhanced individual satisfaction, t(192) = 6.01, p<.001.

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14

Бабенко, В. В., И. А. Хайченко, and Ю. В. Нефедов. "APPLICATION OF THE EXPERIMENTAL FACTOR PLANNING METHOD FOR REALIZING REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION SETTING SYSTEM SETTINGS." ВЕСТНИК ВОРОНЕЖСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА, no. 5() (November 18, 2020): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2020.16.5.007.

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Анотація:

Рассматривается способ координации настроек локальных систем автоматического регулирования установок компенсации реактивной мощности (РМ) городской системы электроснабжения для достижения оптимального режима работы всей системы по критерию минимума потерь электрической энергии. На основе анализа базы данных автоматизированной системы коммерческого учета электроэнергии МУП «Воронежская горэлектросеть» за пять лет определено, что величина tg φ (коэффициент реактивной мощности) не соответствует нормируемым ГОСТом значениям и требует существенной корректировки для снижения потерь электрической энергии. Оптимальный режим управления рассматриваемой системой электроснабжения по месту подключения и величине реактивной мощности требуемых установок компенсации возможен при правильном соотношении выбранных критериев локальной и системной оптимизации режимов работы ГЭС. Определено, что для получения экономически обоснованного эффекта от оптимизации режима работы ГЭС по критерию достижения tg φ не более 0,35 необходима установка устройств компенсации РМ как минимум на 50% -70% всех параметров реактивной мощности узла нагрузки (РП) энергоемких потребителей. Кроме того, показана целесообразность использования при данном способе компенсации реактивной мощности регрессионного принципа автоматического управления, базирующегося на методе факторного планирования эксперимента. При наличии базы данных параметров городской системы электроснабжения возможно получить серию уравнений регрессии, являющихся основой для настроек локальной системы управления установок компенсации реактивной мощности, которые необходимо установить в основных узловых точках РП МУП «Воронежская горэлектросеть». Установлено, что сформированные на базе уравнений регрессии параметры для системы управления успешно могут быть интегрированы в современные цифровые микропроцессорные регуляторы установок компенсации реактивной мощности сложных систем электроснабжения This article discusses how to coordinate the settings of local automatic control systems of reactive power compensation plants of a city power supply system in order to achieve the optimal mode of operation of the entire system according to the criterion of minimum loss of electric energy. Based on the analysis of the database of the automated system of commercial accounting of electricity of Municipal Unitary Enterprise "Voronezh City Electric Network" for five years, it was determined that the value of tg φ (reactive power factor) does not correspond to the values normalized by GOST and requires significant adjustment to reduce electrical energy losses. The optimal control mode of the considered power supply system at the point of connection and the value of reactive power of the required compensation plants is possible with the correct ratio of the selected criteria of local and system optimization of the hydroelectric power station operation modes. It was determined that in order to obtain an economically justified effect from optimizing the mode of operation of the hydroelectric power station according to the criterion of tg φ reaching a maximum of 0.35, it is necessary to install RM compensation devices at least 50% -70% of all RP energy-intensive consumers. In addition, the utility of using the regression principle of automatic control c based on the factor planning method of the experiment in this reactive power compensation method is shown. At sufficiently low costs for collection, processing of statistical material and optimization calculations, it is possible to obtain a series of regression equations, on which the calculated part of the settings of the control system of reactive power compensation plants, which should be installed in the main nodes of the Voronezh City Electric Network, is based. It was found that the parameters generated on the basis of regression equations for the control system can be successfully integrated into modern digital microprocessor regulators of reactive power compensation plants of complex power supply systems

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15

Egan, Sarah J., Marian Dick, and Peter J. Allen. "An Experimental Investigation of Standard Setting in Clinical Perfectionism." Behaviour Change 29, no. 3 (September 2012): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bec.2012.16.

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Анотація:

This study investigated if clinical perfectionism leads to resetting standards higher following both success and failure. A sample of 206 participants (74% female) completed an online experiment consisting of three sets of a nonverbal reasoning task and were asked before each set to select how many of the trials they aimed to get correct. Each set was followed by feedback regarding performance. Half of the participants received ‘difficult’ items for set 2, to allow investigation of failure effects. There was a significant relationship between clinical perfectionism and the standards that were set for the first set; however, there was no relationship with standard setting following success or failure. Instead, previous actual success or failure was the best predictor of goal setting. Consequently, clinical perfectionism was associated with setting higher standards in general, but not resetting standards higher following success or failure. Findings suggest that while clinical perfectionism plays a role in standard setting prior to performance, following performance actual success or failure becomes the best indicator. The implications of these findings for the cognitive behavioural model of clinical perfectionism are discussed.

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16

Khadjavi, Menusch, and Jasper D. Tjaden. "Setting the bar - an experimental investigation of immigration requirements." Journal of Public Economics 165 (September 2018): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2018.07.013.

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17

Sasso, Gary M., Janine Peck, and Linda Garrison-Harrell. "Social Interaction Setting Events: Experimental Analysis of Contextual Variables." Behavioral Disorders 24, no. 1 (November 1998): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019874299802400106.

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18

Kocabıyıkoğlu, Ayşe, Celile Itır Göğüş, and M. Sinan Gönül. "Decision Making and the Price Setting Newsvendor: Experimental Evidence." Decision Sciences 47, no. 1 (August 24, 2015): 157–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/deci.12158.

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19

Ornetzeder, Michael, and Tanja Sinozic. "Sector coupling of renewable energy in an experimental setting." TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis 29, no. 2 (July 17, 2020): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14512/tatup.29.2.38.

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The integration of previously unconnected sectors of the energy system is considered one of the most important strategies for reducing CO2 emissions. Many studies on technological innovations that deal with the transition to a sustainable energy system focus on innovation niches as a favorable environment within which new solutions can be tested and made ready for the market. This paper examines how protection in such a niche, in combination with organizational path dependency, supports the integration of renewable energy in residential buildings. The results presented are based on a case study on the integration of the electricity, heat, and gas sectors in a housing pilot project, in which local energy needs are met and electricity is fed into the grid in a flexible way. Our findings indicate that favorable conditions for inter-sectoral innovation can be achieved through niche protection, complemented by path dependency in organizational routines and culture.

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20

Barreda-Tarrazona, Iván, Nikolaos Georgantzís, Constantine Manasakis, Evangelos Mitrokostas, and Emmanuel Petrakis. "Endogenous managerial compensation contracts in experimental quantity-setting duopolies." Economic Modelling 54 (April 2016): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2015.12.028.

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21

Smith, Ken G., Edwin A. Locke, and David Barry. "Goal setting, planning, and organizational performance: An experimental simulation." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 46, no. 1 (June 1990): 118–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(90)90025-5.

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22

McComas, Jennifer J., David P. Wacker, and Linda J. Cooper. "Experimental analysis of academic performance in a classroom setting." Journal of Behavioral Education 6, no. 2 (June 1996): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02110232.

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23

Arnold, Markus C., and Robert M. Gillenkirch. "Centralization versus Delegation in an Experimental Capital Budgeting Setting." Business Research 4, no. 1 (March 2011): 10–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03342724.

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24

Chygin, V. I., S. М. Sviderok, O. P. Krasyuk, R. V. Kuz'menko, and V. D. Smychok. "Experimental setting for research of ballistics mines and shells." Military Technical Collection, no. 4 (May 4, 2011): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33577/2312-4458.4.2011.140-144.

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25

Vitayasak, Srisatja, and Pupong Pongcharoen. "Identifying Optimum Parameter Setting for Layout Design via Experimental Design and Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 931-932 (May 2014): 1626–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.1626.

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The performance of finding an optimal solution is always a crucial engineering research topic. Quality of solutions obtained depends on the algorithm and its parameter settings applied to solve a problem. Machine layout design (MLD) problem involves the arrangement of machines into shop floor area to optimise performance measures. This paper presents the use of the experimental design and analysis to investigate the optimal parameter setting of Genetic Algorithm (GA) for designing multiple-row machine layout with demand uncertainty aiming to minimise the total cost. The analysis on the results obtained from computational experiments suggested that the proposed algorithm with and without adopting the optimised parameter setting performed distinctively on each problem size. The best GA parameters for MLD problem under stochastic customer demand were statistically compared and reported.

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26

Li, Zhi Jian, Xiao Li Zhao, Qiu Sheng Liu, and Xiao Dong Zhou. "The Experimental Design of Fuze Electromagnetic Inductive Setting about Reliability." Applied Mechanics and Materials 389 (August 2013): 675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.389.675.

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There isnt an efficacious assessment method to learn reliability of fuze electromagnetic inductive setting, only through statistics the numbers of feedback information to learn reliability. The article analyzes theory of fuze electromagnetic inductive setting about circuit. For this problem, each module with the fuze setting system is separated, design out a trial experimental terrace, and build the experimental proposal with changing the environment factors, measure the change of the wave shape characteristic about each module to get the characteristic parameter of fail-safe critical state wave shape of fuze setting. Get qualitative analysis methods to assess the reliability of fuze electromagnetic inductive setting in order to analyzing the electromagnetic inductive setting the setting reliability by the way of analysis to the wave shape distortion state.

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27

Hall, Howard K., and Anthony T. J. Byrne. "Goal Setting in Sport: Clarifying Recent Anomalies." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 10, no. 2 (June 1988): 184–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.10.2.184.

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Анотація:

Recent empirical evidence (Weinberg, Bruya, & Jackson, 1985) has brought into question whether the positive beneficial effects of goal setting found in organizational settings are directly generalizable to the domain of sport. This investigation attempted to determine whether increased control over powerful extraneous variables influencing motivation would enable goal-setting effects to be observed in sport settings, and second, it examined the utility of either flexible subject-set subgoals or rigid experimenter subgoals as adjuncts to long-term goals. Forty-three males and 11 females were randomly assigned by class to one of four experimental conditions. Following baseline trial under do best instructions, subjects performed three trials on an endurance task under their assigned experimental conditions. A 4 × 3 (Goal Group × Trials) ANCOVA with repeated measures on the last factor and baseline performance as the covariate indicated that groups holding subgoals performed significantly better than those with do best instructions, whereas performance for those with only long-term goals approached significance. These findings clearly demonstrate a need to further understand the process of goal setting if it is to be successfully applied as an intervention technique to enhance motivation and sport performance.

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28

Liu, Hui, and Haijiang Liu. "Experimental Study on Dam-Break Hydrodynamic Characteristics Under Different Conditions." Journal of Disaster Research 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2017.p0198.

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In this study, a series of dam-break experiments was carried out to investigate the influence of the initial downstream water depth, water head settings, and upstream reservoir length on the dam-break wave movement. The instantaneous water level and flow velocity were measured at two specified downstream locations. Considering the requirements for precise data measurement with high temporal resolution, the synchronization of different instruments was realized based on high-speed camera recording. Even with the same initial water head setting, the water level and flow velocity variations of the dam-break wave propagating downstream on the wet bed show noteworthy differences in flow characteristics compared to the initial dry bed, caused by the interactions between the upstream and downstream water. Hydrodynamic formulae proposed by Lauber and Hager (1998) [1] are not applicable for the wet-bed condition, although their solution of wave profiles for the initial dry-bed condition performs well at the location farther from the gate. The non-dimensional average front velocity of the wet-bed condition, which mainly depends on the initial water head setting, is smaller than that of the dry-bed case. In addition, the maximum water level and flow velocity at the downstream location are mainly controlled by the initial water head setting, while the duration of the large values is influenced by the reservoir length.

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29

Vicario, Giovanni B., and Lucia Tomat. "Testimony in a Social Setting." Perceptual and Motor Skills 86, no. 3 (June 1998): 1075–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.86.3.1075.

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Анотація:

80 students aged 19–24 years served as unpaid subjects. Each of them looked at one I9-sec. silent film showing a riot which actually occurred in an Italian stadium after a soccer match. Subjects made a verbal tape-recorded report immediately after having observed the scene. Subjects were divided into two groups of equal numbers. The subjects of the single group viewed the scene individually and individually made their reports. The subjects of the pair group viewed the film in pairs and simultaneously made their reports to two different experimenters in two contiguous rooms separated by a glass wall. Reports were analyzed using the Musatti method (integrated with the Zaretti method). The analysis showed that the reports of the subjects in pairs were more reliable, presenting a significantly smaller number of false elements. The effect is attributed to the different social situation. Subjects who are aware that their reports could be compared with that of another subject are presumably more cautious and avoid inserting doubtful elements.

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30

Gibbons, Carly R., Shannon Wiltsey Stirman, Robert J. DeRubeis, Cory F. Newman, and Aaron T. Beck. "Research Setting Versus Clinic Setting: Which Produces Better Outcomes in Cognitive Therapy for Depression?" Cognitive Therapy and Research 37, no. 3 (November 13, 2012): 605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10608-012-9499-7.

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31

Gray, Robert, and David Regan. "Accuracy of Reproducing Angles: Is a Right Angle Special?" Perception 25, no. 5 (May 1996): 531–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p250531.

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Анотація:

The ability to set the angle of a ‘V’ to a designated value in the following three conditions was compared: (1) verbal designation of V angle; (2) initial 30 s visual demonstration of the designated V angle; (3) verbal designation of V angle plus feedback after every setting. The designated angles were 90° and 45° plus three arbitrary angles (65°, 125°, and 145°). Each run comprised thirty consecutive settings. To ensure that our observers based their settings entirely on V angle it was arranged that line orientation did not provide a reliable cue to V angle. In condition (1), accuracy of setting V angle was significantly worse when the designated angle was other than 90° or 45°. This was not the case in condition (2), indicating that observers maintained a memory of the initial demonstration throughout a run of thirty settings. Setting error was not significant in condition (3) for any of the five angles. However, even in condition (3), setting-to-setting variability was significantly lower for the 90° angle than for the other angles.

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32

Carterette, Edward C., and Norman H. Anderson. "Setting straight the record." Perception & Psychophysics 42, no. 4 (July 1987): 409–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03203100.

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33

BRICK, KERRI, and MARTINE VISSER. "Meeting a national emission reduction target in an experimental setting." Climate Policy 10, no. 5 (January 2010): 543–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3763/cpol.2010.0106.

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34

Baltiysky and Nikolenko. "Query-by-humming systems: a survey and an experimental setting." SPIIRAS Proceedings, no. 7 (March 17, 2014): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15622/sp.7.8.

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35

Pabiarzhyn, V. V., Е. S. Pashinskaya, V. M. Semenov, and A. Y. Hancharou. "Methodological aspects of setting up oncological models under experimental conditions." Vestnik of Vitebsk State Medical University 17, no. 6 (November 29, 2018): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22263/2312-4156.2018.6.32.

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36

Jadidzadeh, Ali, Nick Falvo, and Daniel J. Dutton. "Cost Savings of Housing First in a Non-Experimental Setting." Canadian Public Policy 46, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2019-017.

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37

Gürerk, Özgür, Bernd Irlenbusch, and Bettina Rockenbach. "Endogenously Emerging Gender Pay Gap in an Experimental Teamwork Setting." Games 9, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g9040098.

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We studied gender diversity and performance in endogenously formed teams in a repeated teamwork setting. In our experiment, the participants (N = 168, 84 women and 84 men) chose whether to perform a cooperative task only with members of the own gender or in a mixed-gender team. We found that independent of the choice of team, in the initial period, men contributed significantly more to the team projects than women. Men preferred the successful men-only teams in the subsequent periods, resulting in significantly higher profits for men compared to women. This endogenously emerging “gender pay gap” only closed over time.

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Judah, Gaby, Robert Aunger, Wolf-Peter Schmidt, Susan Michie, Stewart Granger, and Val Curtis. "Experimental Pretesting of Hand-Washing Interventions in a Natural Setting." American Journal of Public Health 99, S2 (October 2009): S405—S411. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2009.164160.

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39

Yang, Young-hee. "An experimental study of setting up the User-centered honorification." Korean Language and Literature 112 (March 30, 2020): 7–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21793/koreall.2020.112.7.

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40

Spanos, Nicholas P., Evelyn Menary, Pamela J. Brett, Wendi Cross, and Qadeer Ahmed. "Failure of posthypnotic responding to occur outside the experimental setting." Journal of Abnormal Psychology 96, no. 1 (1987): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843x.96.1.52.

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41

Faqeha, Hosam, Mohammed Bawahab, Darcy Vermont, Abhijit Date, and Aliakbar Akbarzadeh. "Setting up salinity gradient in an experimental solar pond (SGSP)." Energy Procedia 156 (January 2019): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.11.114.

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42

Rocco, Gaetano. "Remote-Controlled, Wireless Chest Drainage System: An Experimental Clinical Setting." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 95, no. 1 (January 2013): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.09.079.

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43

Kertoy, Marilyn K., and Dolores Kluppel Vetter. "The effect of conversational setting on topic continuation in mother–child dyads." Journal of Child Language 22, no. 1 (February 1995): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900009636.

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ABSTRACTTwelve children (five boys and seven girls, mean age 4;1) interacted with their mothers in two conversational settings: playing with a favourite toy and helping to prepare lunch or muffins. The percentage of two topic continuation processes – topic incorporation and collaboration – used by mothers and children was analysed. It was hypothesized that the help setting with a predetermined structure would elicit a greater percentage of topic incorporation by the dyads than the play setting. In fact, the play setting elicited a greater percentage of topic incorporation from mothers than the help setting. Children did not differ significantly in the percentage of use of topic incorporation between the two settings, but appeared to be equally proficient in incorporating topics in settings with and without a predetermined structure. The play setting also elicited more topic collaboration from the children than the help setting. While the help setting appeared to support collaborative action, the play setting permitted the dyads to be informative about the toys as well as related topics. Therefore, the two settings provided different opportunities for the dyads to continue topics.

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Abe, Takaaki, Yukihiko Funaki, and Taro Shinoda. "Invitation Games: An Experimental Approach to Coalition Formation." Games 12, no. 3 (August 17, 2021): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g12030064.

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This paper studies how to form an efficient coalition—a group of people. More specifically, we compare two mechanisms for forming a coalition by running a laboratory experiment and reveal which mechanism leads to higher social surplus. In one setting, we invite the subjects to join a meeting simultaneously, so they cannot know the other subjects’ decisions. In the other setting, we ask them sequentially, which allows each subject to know his or her predecessor’s choice. Those who decide to join the meeting form a coalition and earn payoffs according to their actions and individual preferences. As a result, we obtain the following findings. First, the sequential mechanism induces higher social surplus than the simultaneous mechanism. Second, most subjects make choices consistent with the subgame-perfect Nash equilibrium in the sequential setting and choose the dominant strategy in the simultaneous setting, when a dominant strategy exists. Finally, when the subjects need to look further ahead to make a theoretically rational choice, they are more likely to fail to choose rationally.

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Ding, Sandrine, Nicolas Weber, and Anne Oppliger. "Microorganism identification and environmental cleaning effectiveness in radiology settings: cross-sectional and experimental studies." Radiography Open 6, no. 1 (December 12, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7577/radopen.3647.

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Introduction: Despite the large number of patients passing through and some invasive procedures, radiology may still be considered unlikely to transmit pathogens. However, radiation protection aprons touched by radiology professionals and shared between patients could be prone to contamination. Our goals were to (1) assess qualitatively and quantitatively the microorganisms present on the radiation protection aprons with a cross-sectional study, and (2) determine the effectiveness of routine cleaning with an experimental design. Methods: For objective 1, 108 samples were collected on radiation protection aprons of two radiology settings: the diagnostic radiology (DR) setting, with a cleaning procedure in place, and the emergency setting without. Total cultivable bacteria, staphylococci, enterobacteria and fungi were quantified. For purpose 2, the number of total bacteria and staphylococci were compared between before and after cleaning the aprons. Results: The median number of total bacteria were respectively 0.97 and 1.56 cfu/cm2 in the DR and emergency settings, whereas the median number of Staphylococcus were 0.04 and 0.15 cfu/cm2 in these settings (Objective 1). Thus the number of microorganisms were lower in the setting with the cleaning procedure, although significantly only for staphylococci (p = 0.025). Enterobacteria, fungi and Staphylococcus aureus were not detected in any sample. In the second part of the study, the median number of total bacteria dropped from 0.80 to 0.17 cfu/cm2 between before and after cleaning (p = 0.0017) and for Staphylococcus it decreased from 0.84 to 0.15 cfu/cm2 (p = 0.13). Conclusion: A number of microorganisms have been found, although the absence of enterobacteria, fungi and S. aureus is reassuring as they can cause serious healthcare-associated infections. Our study showed that the cleaning of radiation protection aprons can significantly reduce the microbial load and should be encouraged.

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Andraszewicz, Sandra, Ke Wu, and Didier Sornette. "Behavioural Effects and Market Dynamics in Field and Laboratory Experimental Asset Markets." Entropy 22, no. 10 (October 20, 2020): 1183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22101183.

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A vast literature investigating behavioural underpinnings of financial bubbles and crashes relies on laboratory experiments. However, it is not yet clear how findings generated in a highly artificial environment relate to the human behaviour in the wild. It is of concern that the laboratory setting may create a confound variable that impacts the experimental results. To explore the similarities and differences between human behaviour in the laboratory environment and in a realistic natural setting, with the same type of participants, we translate a field study conducted by reference (Sornette, D.; et al. Econ. E-J.2020, 14, 1–53) with trading rounds each lasting six full days to a laboratory experiment lasting two hours. The laboratory experiment replicates the key findings from the field study but we observe substantial differences in the market dynamics between the two settings. The replication of the results in the two distinct settings indicates that relaxing some of the laboratory control does not corrupt the main findings, while at the same time it offers several advantages such as the possibility to increase the number of participants interacting with each other at the same time and the number of traded securities. These findings pose important insights for future experiments investigating human behaviour in complex systems.

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47

Chen, Bing, Xin Yuan Yang, and Ning Liu. "Experimental Research on the Properties of Modified MPC." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 796–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.796.

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Magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) was modified by fly ash, silica fume and re-dispersible latex powder and the properties of modified MPC, such as fluidity, setting time and compressive strength, were tested. Based on the experimental results, the contents of 50% fly ash, 10% silica fume and 2% re-dispersible latex powder were chosen to modify MPC and the water resistance of the modified MPC was studied. The experimental results showed that the addition of fly ash prolonged the setting time and significantly increased the compressive strength of MPC. The addition of silica fume improved only the water resistance of MPC. The addition of the re-dispersible latex powder prolonged the setting time and improved the water resistance of MPC.

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Dang, Yuanyuan, Shanshan Guo, Xitong Guo, and Doug Vogel. "Privacy Protection in Online Health Communities: Natural Experimental Empirical Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 5 (May 21, 2020): e16246. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16246.

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Background An online health community (OHC) is a novel sharing channel through which doctors share professional health care knowledge with patients. While doctors have the authority to protect their patients’ privacy in OHCs, we have limited information on how doctors’ privacy protection choices affect their professional health care knowledge sharing with patients. Objective We examined the relationship between privacy protection and professional health care knowledge sharing in OHCs. Specifically, we examined the effects of privacy protection settings in an OHC on doctors’ interactive professional health care knowledge sharing and searching professional health care knowledge sharing (two dimensions of professional health care knowledge sharing). Moreover, we explored how such effects differ across different levels of disease stigma. Methods We collected the monthly panel data of 19,456 doctors from Good Doctor, one of the largest OHCs in China, from January 2008 to April 2016. A natural experimental empirical study with difference-in-difference analysis was conducted to test our hypotheses. The time fixed effect and the individual fixed effect were both considered to better identify the effects of a privacy protection setting on professional health care knowledge sharing. Additionally, a cross-sectional analysis was performed for a robust check. Results The results indicate that the privacy protection setting has a significant positive effect on interactive professional health care knowledge sharing (β=.123, P<.001). However, the privacy protection setting has a significant negative effect on searching professional health care knowledge sharing (β=–.225, P=.05). Moreover, we found that high disease stigma positively impacts the effect of privacy protection on interactive professional health care knowledge sharing (coefficients are in the same valence) and negatively impacts the effects of privacy protection on searching professional health care knowledge sharing (coefficients are in the reverse valence). Conclusions Privacy protection has a bilateral effect on professional health care knowledge sharing (ie, a positive effect on interactive professional health care knowledge sharing and a negative effect on searching professional health care knowledge sharing). Such bilateral switches of professional health care knowledge sharing call for a balanced state in conjunction with practical implications. This research also identifies a moderate effect of disease stigma on privacy protection settings and professional health care knowledge sharing.

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Zhao, Shangchuan, Longlong Liu, Xindai Zuo, and Shaopeng Wang. "Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Repair Materials for Underwater Rapid Construction." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2148, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2148/1/012062.

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Abstract Several strength grades of sulphoaluminate cement concrete were designed, and the mechanical properties with different mix ratios were studied. This paper mainly analyzes the mechanical properties of sulphoaluminate cement concrete with the setting time test, compressive strength test and flexural test. The test results show that the setting time of cement concrete can be controlled by mixing different admixtures. One hand, the initial setting time increases from 34 min to 340 min, and the final setting time increases from 57 min to 580 min when the incorporated borax content changes from 0 to 1.0 %. Other hand, the initial setting time decreased from 34 min to 11 min, and the final setting time increased from 57 min to 18 min, when the incorporated borax content changed from 0 to 0.5 %. Furthermore, the compressive strength can reach 40 MPa, and the flexural strength can reach more than 2.5MPa after 6 hours of curing. The experiment results illustrate that the setting time and the mechanical properties satisfy the needs of the rapid construction requirements under normal temperature conditions.

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Pauzi, Ahmad Hafizi, Lukman Ismail, Ahmer Ali Siyal, Zakaria Man, and Khairun Azizi Azizli. "Experimental Study of Geopolymer Solidification Kinetics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 625 (September 2014): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.127.

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Geopolymers are formed from silica and alumina oxides mixed with alkali hydroxide or alkali silicate. This paper presents the findings on the study of the solidification of fly ash geopolymer through setting time by varying alkaline activators, their concentrations and geopolymer curing temperature. This work focuses on the transformation of geopolymer from liquid paste to solid through Avrami’s Kinetic Theory. From the experimental results, alkaline activation with sodium silicate produced shortest time for geopolymer solidification as compared to KOH and NaOH. The increase in concentrations of alkaline solution and curing temperatures were found to reduce setting time for geopolymer’s solidification. From Avrami theory perspective, the growth forms of geopolymer in the geopolymerization process exhibit two and three dimensional structure with the presence of secondary nucleation.

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