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1
Шевцов, Вадим Михайлович. "Вибір і обґрунтування температурних режимів роботи гідрооб'ємно-механічної трансмісії колісного трактора". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/38019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.22.02 – автомобілі та трактори. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2018 р.
Дисертацію присвячено підвищенню ефективності використання тракторів з ГОМТ за рахунок визначення впливу температурних режимів роботи ГОП на показники роботи трансмісії, обґрунтуванню параметрів системи охолодження гідрооб'ємної передачі. Проведено аналіз щодо впливу температури робочої рідини на роботу гідросистеми та підходів щодо визначення температурних режимів роботи гідрооб'ємної передачі. Складена розширена матрична математична модель, яка відрізняється урахуванням, окрім кінематичних та силових, температурних режимів роботи ГОП в складі ГОМТ трактора та дозволяє визначити перепад температури робочої рідини на різних ланках гідросистеми в залежності від режимів роботи. Проведені експериментальні дослідження підтвердили адекватність складеної математичної моделі. Проаналізовано характер зміни температури робочої рідини в ГОП на робочих та транспортних передачах. Виявлено залежність загального ККД трансмісії на кожній передачі від температурних режимів роботи ГОП в її складі та сформовані рекомендації щодо методології вибору системи охолодження.The thesis for granting the scientific degree of Candidate of technical sciences in the specialty 05.22.02 – cars and tractors. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv, 2018. The thesis is devoted to increasing the efficiency of application the tractors based on hydrovolumetric mechanical transmissions (HVMT) through the determination of influence of temperature modes on hydrovolumetric transmission (HVT) characteristics justification of parameters of cooling system in HVT. The influence on temperature of working fluid on the work of hydro system has been carried out. There have been determined the approaches in the determination of temperature modes of HVT. The parameters of cooling system of HVT have been justified. There has been developed the extended mathematical model which considers the temperature, kinematics and power modes of volumetric hydraulic gear in HVMT of the wheel tractor. There also has been developed the mathematic model as a matrix that includes the description of kinematic parameters of HVMT, power parameters and energy conversion efficiency of all gearing parts and thermal characteristics. The provided research approved the adequacy of developed mathematical model. The variation of temperature of working fluid in the working and transport gear may be described as a curve with a maximum in a special zone. There has been determined the influence of temperature on general and volumetric energy conversion efficiency for the each gear and the recommendation for choosing the cooling system that consider the redistribution of power fluids in HVMT were performed.
2
Jonsson, Ove. "Cerebral Perfusion and Metabolism during Experimental Extracorporeal Circulation." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Anestesiologi och intensivvård, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-147486.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Neurologic injuries are major causes of mortality and morbidity after cardiac surgery. This thesis aimed to investigate cerebral metabolism and perfusion abnormalities in pigs during hypothermic circulatory arrest, selective antegrade cerebral perfusion (SACP) and extracorporeal circulation following progressive venous stasis. Hypothermic circulatory arrest induced a metabolic pattern consistent with overt ischaemia, which was absent following SACP. In contrast, metabolism during SACP was influenced by the perfusate temperature, where a colder perfusate (20 °C) preserved cellular metabolism and membrane integrity better than a warmer perfusate (28 °C). The minimum SACP flow required to maintain metabolism during hypothermia at 20 °C was investigated with magnetic resonance imaging, protein S100β, near infrared spectroscopy and microdialysis. The findings suggested an ischaemic threshold close to 6 ml/kg/min in the present models. Furthermore, regional differences in perfusion with a hemispheric distribution were apparent at all flow levels and differed from earlier studies where the differences were uniform and followed a neuranatomical pattern. Venus stasis following superior vena cava congestion produced measurable signs of impaired cerebral perfusion and patterns of cerebral ischaemia were evident in individual animals. As venous pressure increased, the mean arterial pressure stayed more or less unchanged, generating reduced cerebral perfusion pressure and consequently an increased risk of ischaemia, which may impair cerebral perfusion, especially in cases of compromised arterial flow during extracorporeal circulation. In conclusion, cerebral metabolism and perfusion are influenced by temperature, SACP flow levels and venous congestion. In clinical practice, the regional differences in perfusion during SACP may be of pathogenic importance in focal cerebral ischaemia. Furthermore, the reduced superior vena cava cannula flow may pass undetected during bicaval cardiopulmonary bypass if the superior vena cava flow is not specifically monitored.
3
Шевцов, Вадим Михайлович. "Вибір і обґрунтування температурних режимів роботи гідрооб'ємно-механічної трансмісії колісного трактора". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/38015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.22.02 – автомобілі та трактори. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2018 р.
Дисертацію присвячено підвищенню ефективності використання тракторів з ГОМТ за рахунок визначення впливу температурних режимів роботи ГОП на показники роботи трансмісії, обґрунтуванню параметрів системи охолодження гідрооб'ємної передачі. Проведено аналіз щодо впливу температури робочої рідини на роботу гідросистеми та підходів щодо визначення температурних режимів роботи гідрооб'ємної передачі. Складена розширена матрична математична модель, яка відрізняється урахуванням, окрім кінематичних та силових, температурних режимів роботи ГОП в складі ГОМТ трактора та дозволяє визначити перепад температури робочої рідини на різних ланках гідросистеми в залежності від режимів роботи. Проведені експериментальні дослідження підтвердили адекватність складеної математичної моделі. Проаналізовано характер зміни температури робочої рідини в ГОП на робочих та транспортних передачах. Виявлено залежність загального ККД трансмісії на кожній передачі від температурних режимів роботи ГОП в її складі та сформовані рекомендації щодо методології вибору системи охолодження.The thesis for granting the scientific degree of Candidate of technical sciences in the specialty 05.22.02 – cars and tractors. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv, 2018. The thesis is devoted to increasing the efficiency of application the tractors based on hydrovolumetric mechanical transmissions (HVMT) through the determination of influence of temperature modes on hydrovolumetric transmission (HVT) characteristics justification of parameters of cooling system in HVT. The influence on temperature of working fluid on the work of hydro system has been carried out. There have been determined the approaches in the determination of temperature modes of HVT. The parameters of cooling system of HVT have been justified. There has been developed the extended mathematical model which considers the temperature, kinematics and power modes of volumetric hydraulic gear in HVMT of the wheel tractor. There also has been developed the mathematic model as a matrix that includes the description of kinematic parameters of HVMT, power parameters and energy conversion efficiency of all gearing parts and thermal characteristics. The provided research approved the adequacy of developed mathematical model. The variation of temperature of working fluid in the working and transport gear may be described as a curve with a maximum in a special zone. There has been determined the influence of temperature on general and volumetric energy conversion efficiency for the each gear and the recommendation for choosing the cooling system that consider the redistribution of power fluids in HVMT were performed.
4
Argudo, Jaime Fernando. "Evaluation and synthesis of experimental data for autoclaved aerated concrete /." Full-text Adobe Acrobat (PDF) file, 2003. http://www.engr.utexas.edu/research/fsel/FSEL_reports/Thesis/Argudo,%20Jaime.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
5
Hunston, Susan. "Evaluation in experimental research articles." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1989. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/912/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis examines evaluation in experimental research articles in terms of the meanings made and their contribution to the organisation of the articles. After an introduction to the phenomenon of evaluation in Chapter 1, Chapter 2 surveys recent work concerning the process of scientific discovery and the writing of research articles. Chapter 3 returns to evaluation and its place in various theories of discourse, mainly those of Sinclair and of Halliday. The model of evaluation proposed in this thesis is set out in the next three chapters, dealing in turn with the Status, Value and Relevance functions of evaluation. Status is the function of evaluation which bestows entity, assessing along a certain-uncertain parameter. Value bestows quality and assesses along a good-bad parameter. Evaluation of Relevance is meta-discoursal and marks significance. Relevance Markers are identified, which progressively chunk and organise the text. Comparisons between texts analysed for Status, Value and Relevance demonstrate a movement towards the theoretical and an increase in complexity of argument as the sub-discipline under discussion progresses. Chapter 7 investigates the contribution of evaluation towards text structure and notes a number of ways in which discourse units in experimental research articles may be organised. The concluding chapter, Chapter 8, discusses some of the practical and theoretical implications of the work described in the thesis. The Appendix contains the research articles which comprise the corpus.
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Morais, Joicy Martins. "Experimentos de remoção de plantas: abordagem cienciométrica e estudo de caso." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3520.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The relationships between organisms and the mechanisms that enable their coexistence are important issues in ecology. Plant removal experiments are useful to elucidate these mechanisms because its cause and effect response. This thesis aims to analyze experiments removal plants. The first paper presents a scientometric review of the literature on plant functional groups removal 1991. We verify aspects such as the number of publications and citations in journals indexed in the Web of Science, which country was made in order to detect bias and geographic gaps, which ecological effects were tested, which functional groups were removed, which removal methods and which environments were made. We found an increase in the number of publications and citations on average during this period, however, was 12 times lower than publications on functional diversity, perhaps due to the difficulty of conducting experiments. The work was mainly carried out in temperate climates where taxonomic knowledge is greater, in addition, there is a prevalence of vegetation that is most commonly removed than trees. Testing interactions, especially competition, was the main reason for removal, perhaps as a matter of historical competition is considered the interaction that influences the co-occurrence of species. The cut at ground was the major method of removing, undisturbing the soil and avoiding undesirable effects of herbicides, and few studies have been made in a greenhouse and in the natural environment at the same time, which could elucidate responses to natural conditions and at the same time responses specific interactions. In the second paper we carried a case study on removal of capim-flecha ( Tristachya leiostachya Ness.), a dominant grass in Emas National Park (ENP), and what the consequences of such removal to the co-occurring grasses. We expected that the absence of capim-flecha allow further growth of grasses, however we found no difference in mean values between treatments indicating that there is no competition influencing the abundance of capim-flecha. The historical context burned in PNE may have influenced this high dominance of capim-flecha. We believe that experiments are useful in testing interactions, especially if they are made in the natural environment and greenhouse at the same time.
As relações entre os organismos e os mecanismos que permitem sua coexistência são importantes questões em ecologia. Experimentos de remoção de plantas são úteis em elucidar esses mecanismos, devido sua capacidade de resposta do tipo causa e efeito. Esta dissertação se propõe a analisar experimentos de remoção de plantas. O primeiro artigo apresenta uma revisão cienciométrica das publicações sobre remoção de grupos funcionais de plantas, desde 1991. Verificamos aspectos como o número de publicações e citações em periódicos indexados no Web of Science, em qual país foi feito, visando detectar vieses e lacunas geográficas, quais efeitos ecológicos testados, quais grupos funcionais removidos, quais os métodos de remoção e em quais ambientes foram feitos. Encontramos um crescimento no número de publicações bem como na média de citações nesse período, contudo foi 12 vezes menor do que publicações sobre diversidade funcional, talvez devido à dificuldade de realizar experimentos. Os trabalhos foram realizados principalmente em climas temperados onde o conhecimento taxonômico é maior, além disso, há um predomínio de vegetação rasteira que é mais comumente removida do que árvores. Testar interações, principalmente competição, foi o principal motivo de remoção, talvez por uma questão histórica de competição ser considerada a interação que mais influencia a co-ocorrência de espécies. O corte rente ao solo foi o principal método de remoção, evitando revolver o solo e efeitos indesejáveis de herbicidas, e poucos trabalhos foram feitos em casa de vegetação e ambiente natural ao mesmo tempo, o que poderia elucidar respostas à condições naturais e ao mesmo tempo respostas específicas de interações. No segundo capítulo fizemos um estudo de caso sobre remoção de capim-flecha (Tristachya leiostachya Ness.), uma gramínea dominante no Parque Nacional das Emas (PNE), e quais as consequências dessa remoção para as gramíneas co-ocorrentes. Esperávamos que a ausência do capim-flecha permitiria um maior crescimento das gramíneas, contudo não encontramos diferença nos valores das médias entre os tratamentos o que indica que não há competição influenciando a abundância do capim-flecha. O contexto histórico queimadas no PNE pode ter influenciado essa alta dominância do capim-flecha. Consideramos que experimentos são úteis em testar interações, sobretudo se forem feitos em ambiente natural e casa de vegetação ao mesmo tempo.
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Westermann, Claudia. "An experimental research into inhabitable theories." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/882.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The thesis research is situated within the field of Architecture. Its principle objective is the articulation of arguments for a new theory of architecture as an architectural poetics, and related to this, a new form of discourse as poetry of an architectonic order. The research was initiated through a series of questions that architects confront when asked to create and to speak about what can be understood to be(come) frameworks for (unknown) life. It thus deals with the question of the unknown and, related to this, the question of open form. It develops on the idea that a concept of inhabitation may be feasible exclusively on the basis of a theory that extends the well known two-valued logic that has been dominant in the Western world since the times of classical metaphysics. Rooted in philosophy, the research extends contemporary architectural and critical theory, notions from poets such as Paul Celan, Marguérite Duras and Samuel Beckett, and research in second order cybernetics – the latter with an emphasis on Gotthard Günther’s writings on Non-Aristotelean logic. The text’s focus is on the notion of Architecture as a transcendental concept. It advances the understanding of Architectural Design as a performative process that creates borders rather than borderlines, limits rather than limitations and, is therefore, a discipline of radical communication that always seeks to extend itself towards an Other – the unknown – addressing it without previously quantifying it to render it provable. The research furthers the field of Architecture by contributing to it a new theory in the form of an architectural poetics. It addresses questions of design with a procedural framework in which critical engagement is an intrinsic principle, and offers an alternative to existing discourses through a poetry of architectonic order that is open to the future.
8
Nimon, Kim Allen Jeff M. "Comparing outcome measures derived from four research designs incorporating the retrospective pretest." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3931.
Повний текст джерела
9
Nicklisch, Andreas. "Experimental studies on strategic research and development /." Berlin : Dissertation.de, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014766248&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Повний текст джерела
10
Perold, Karolien. "Designing in-between : an experimental research process." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20218.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MA(VA))--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This work explores alternative ways of doing research within the field of art and design; ways that respect complexity and acknowledge the expansive, relational and performative nature of signifi- cation in arriving at ‘new’ knowledge. Through processes of designing in-between, I have been moving through opposites, connecting connections, and de(re)constructing structure. I have used my immediate locations as triggers to forge relations between an array of seeming disparate, albeit kindred, concepts. The scope of the work seems to have perpetually broadened, while theory and practice have dissolved in mercurial in- between states. Such exuding expansiveness has, at times, unsettled and unnerved, but ironically it has also intensely resembled our everyday ‘realities’. Designing in-between - compared to traditional, science-based research methods operating in barricaded systems of thought - thus allows for more faithful interrogation of the complexity of the world we live in. I believe this can be of great value in any attempt at innovative knowledge production, but especially attempts from within the field of art and design - a field often defined by its ability to challenge conventional ways of knowing. My work should not be regarded as yet another predetermined guideline for future research. It should rather be read as an example of a “conceptual tool” or “thought strateg[y]” (Hurst, 2010:242) suited to the complexity of the open systems we form part of every day. Neither the challenging, nor the advantageous, aspects of my work should be regarded as superior and exclusive to the other. The existence of dissonance and contrast is productive; a life force propelling the search for new significance and knowledge.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie werkstuk ondersoek alternatiewe maniere van navorsing doen binne die veld van kuns en ontwerp; maniere wat die kompleksiteit en ewig-groeiende, verhoudingsgebaseerde en performa- tiewe aard van betekenis-konstruksie in die soeke na ‘nuwe’ kennis erken en respekteer. Deur prosesse van tussen-in ontwerp, het ek my weg probeer baan deur teenoorgesteldes, het ek konneksies gekonnekteer, en strukture gede(re)konstrueer. Ek het my onmiddellike omgewingskonteks as stimuli gebruik om verhoudings tussen ‘n verskeidenheid van kontrasterende, dog verwante, konsepte te bewerkstellig. Die omvang van hierdie navorsing het sodoende gedurig verbreed, terwyl teorie en praktyk in verstrengelde tussen-in toestande ontbind het. Alhoewel hierdie uitgestrekte, deurdringende kompleksiteit my dikwels ontsenu en laat weifel het, versinnebeeld dit ironies genoeg ons alledaagse ‘realiteite’ redelik getrou. Tussen-in ontwerp - in vergelyking met meer tradisionele, wetenskap-geba- seerde navorsingsmetodes wat binne begrensde gedagtesisteme funksioneer - laat ‘n mens dus die ruimte toe om die onvoorspelbare wisselwerking tussen die magdom veranderlikes aktief in die wêreld waarin ons leef, in ag te neem. Ek glo dat so ‘n benadering tot navorsing van besondere waarde kan wees in enige poging tot die innoverende bou van kennis, veral in pogings vanuit die veld van kuns en ontwerp - ‘n veld wat geken word aan sy/haar vermoë om gedurig konvensionele maniere van verstaan uit te daag. Ek wil nie hê dat my werk as net nog ‘n voorafbepaalde riglyn vir toekomstige navorsing gesien word nie. Dit moet eerder gelees word as ‘n voorbeeld van ‘n konseptuele instrument (“conceptual tool”) of gedagtestrategie (“thought strategy”) (Hurst, 2010:242) wat geskik is vir die kompleksiteit van die inherent oop sisteme wat ons alledaagse lewens definieer. Nie die uitdagende, nog die voordelige, aspekte van my werk moet as superieur en eksklusief tot die ander geag word nie. Dit is juis die bestaan van teenstrydighede en kontras wat produktiwiteit bewerkstellig. Dit voorsien ‘n lewenskrag wat die soeke na nuwe betekenis en kennis voortdryf.
11
Ju, Dehao. "Experimental and numerical research on pharmaceutical aerosols." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/348916/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the background of health issues regarding the consumption of tobacco, the widespread availability of safer nicotine products and a harm reduction policy is encouraged. A cigarette alternative is designed to deliver a dose of medicinal nicotine within a timeframe comparable to that of a cigarette, and gives much of what smokers expect from a cigarette without the risks of smoking tobacco. The general purpose of this Ph.D. project is to study the process of flashing atomization and dispersion, with a view to supporting the development of a cigarette replacement device. In order to test the effectiveness of the nicotine formulations, the analysis is carried out sizing the droplets of the aerosols at the position where human oropharynx locates, to support the further research on the deposition of droplets in the human respiratory tract. A mechanical lung has been assembled and programmed to trigger the ‘cigarette-like’ devices with different inhalation profiles, and a dual laser system has been designed to measure the global actuation flow characteristics (e.g. spray velocity and opacity). In order to efficiently acquire sufficient droplet information (e.g. diameter and aspect ratio) from images of in and out of focus droplets, a multi-threshold algorithm is developed and successfully implemented in the automatic particle/droplet image analysis (PDIA) system. It increases the depth of field (DoF) of small particles with diameters smaller than 50μm, and it performs more efficiently than the dual threshold methods which are widely used in the commercial software. A numerical multi-component two-phase actuation flow model has been developed, in order to test different formulations within various flow domains of the cigarette replacement devices. The simulated results of the numerical model have been validated with the experimental measurements and the results of previous researchers. In order to acquire an aerosol with relatively low and steady mass flow rate of nicotine, it is recommended that the mass fraction of propellant (HFA 134a) should be kept around 75%~90% to avoid the sharp temperature drop causing the sensation of freezing. The actuator nozzle diameter should be 0.2mm~0.3mm to produce a flow with relatively low mass flow rate. Furthermore the numerical model is capable of predicting the residual mass median diameter (MMD) of the spray, by using evaporation model of multicomponent liquid droplets, to quantify the sprays. Two different formulations with 95% and 98% mass fraction of HFA 134a, and two prototype cigarette alternatives with different expansion chamber volumes, have been analyzed by the numerical model and compared with the dual laser measurements. In addition, it considers the spray character by high speed imaging, with the special interest in the flashing phenomena and droplet sizes. It concludes that a larger expansion chamber volume enhances the propellant evaporation, recirculation, bubble generation and growth inside the chamber, and it made a significant improvement to produce finer sprays. Although the formulation with 98% of HFA 134a can generate smaller droplets, the formulation with 95% of HFA 134a produces more steady puffs with relatively low mass flow rate.
12
Bakaev, Maxim, Martin Gaedke, and Sebastian Heil. "Kansei Engineering Experimental Research with University Websites." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-210231.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This technical report presents the data and some results of the experimental research in the field of Human-Computer Interaction (Kansei Engineering), undertaken jointly by Technische Universität Chemnitz (Germany) and Novosibirsk State Technical University (Russia) in Feb- March 2016. In the experiment, 82 Master and Bachelor students of both universities evaluated 21 website of selected German and Russian universities per 10 emotional and 5 quality scales.
13
PeÌrez, Navarro J. M. "Develping a 'recipe' for success in free-response Ganzfeld ESP experimental research." Thesis, Coventry University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289245.
Повний текст джерела
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Karbaschi, Zohreh. "Torsional Behavior of Nitinol: Modeling and Experimental Evaluation." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1336762958.
Повний текст джерела
15
Sorrell, Toni P. "TUNING OPTIMIZATION SOFTWARE PARAMETERS FOR MIXED INTEGER PROGRAMMING PROBLEMS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5035.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The tuning of optimization software is of key interest to researchers solving mixed integer programming (MIP) problems. The efficiency of the optimization software can be greatly impacted by the solver’s parameter settings and the structure of the MIP. A designed experiment approach is used to fit a statistical model that would suggest settings of the parameters that provided the largest reduction in the primal integral metric. Tuning exemplars of six and 59 factors (parameters) of optimization software, experimentation takes place on three classes of MIPs: survivable fixed telecommunication network design, a formulation of the support vector machine with the ramp loss and L1-norm regularization, and node packing for coding theory graphs. This research presents and demonstrates a framework for tuning a portfolio of MIP instances to not only obtain good parameter settings used for future instances of the same class of MIPs, but to also gain insights into which parameters and interactions of parameters are significant for that class of MIPs. The framework is used for benchmarking of solvers with tuned parameters on a portfolio of instances. A group screening method provides a way to reduce the number of factors in a design and reduces the time it takes to perform the tuning process. Portfolio benchmarking provides performance information of optimization solvers on a class with instances of a similar structure.
16
Farina, Massimo. "Metallomics in in vitro toxicology research." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3924.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Los metales son ubicuos y su acumulación cada vez mayor en el ambiente conduce a serias preocupaciones en términos de seguridad ambiental, ocupacional y del consumidor. Entre otros efectos potenciales sobre la salud, la carcinogenicidad y la neurotoxicidad inducidas por los metales representan un riesgo importante para la sociedad humana y, por lo tanto, merecen ser determinadas completamente. En este contexto, se necesita llevar a cabo un amplio proyecto de investigación in vitro en estas áreas en compuestos metálicos seleccionados. El trabajo se refiere a investigaciones en metalómica destinadas a estudiar las rutas metabólicas de compuestos caracterizados de As, Cd, Cr, Pt, Mn y V mediante modelos experimentales desarrollados en ECVAM, como las líneas celulares de fibroblasto de ratón (Balb/3T3), las variedades de células del feocromocitoma de la rata (PC12) y reagregados de cerebro de rata y sus tipos celulares individuales. Los estudios se han realizado usando técnicas nucleares y radioanalíticas (análisis por activación de neutrones (NAA), radiotrazadores con alta radiactividad específica) y técnicas espectrométricas avanzadas (HPLC-ICPMS y GFAAS). Incluyen la especiación en relación al comportamiento de los compuestos metálicos en los medios de cultivo celular, su absorción, distribución intracelular del metal, y unión con los componentes celulares.Etapas del proyecto de investigación:
(i) preparación de los radiotrazadores para etiquetar las diferentes concentraciones de los compuestos metálicos
(ii) exposición de modelos in vitro estandardizados a los compuestos estables y/o metales marcados radioactivamente para diferentes periodos de tiempo y rango de concentración
(iii) estudios mecanísticos que permitan establecer la relación dosis-efecto en cuanto a la absorción del metal estudiado por todos los compartimentos celulares, como se obtiene por centrifugación diferencial y por técnicas de filtración de gel. Determinación del estado de oxidación del metaloma en los compartimentos de la célula
(iv) tratamiento estadístico de los datos y desarrollo de modelos metabólicos.
Metals are ubiquitous and increasing accumulation in the environment raises serious concerns in terms of environmental, occupational and consumer safety. Among other potential health effects, metal-induced carcinogenicity and neurotoxicity represent a major risk to the human society and therefore deserves to be fully assessed. In this context, a comprehensive in vitro research project in these areas needs to be conducted on selected metal compounds.
The work concern in vitro metallomics investigations concerning metabolic pathways of chemically-characterized As, Cd, Cr, Pt, Mn and V compounds by experimental models developed at ECVAM, such as mouse fibroblast (Balb/3T3), rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell lines and rat brain re-aggregates and their individual cell types. The studies will be carried out by using nuclear, radioanalytical (neutron activation analysis (NAA) and use of radiotracers with high specific radioactivity) and advanced spectrochemical (HPLC-ICPMS and GFAAS) techniques. They will include metal speciation concerning behaviour of test metal compounds in cell culture media, uptake, intracellular distribution, binding with cell components.
Steps of the research project:
(i) preparation of radiotracers for labelling of different concentrations of metal compounds
(ii) exposure of standardised in vitro models to stable and/or radiolabelled metal compounds for different time periods and range of concentration
(iii) mechanistic studies involving the establishment of dose-effect relationship in relation to uptake of metal tested by whole cell compartments as obtained by differential centrifugation as well as gel filtration techniques. Determination of the oxidation state of metallome in cell compartments
(iv) statistical treatment of the data and development of metabolic models.
17
Celebi, M. bahadir. "Radar Emitter Emulation For Research And Experimental Purposes." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610847/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The scope of this thesis is to implement radar emitter emulator in a low cost, portablehardware for operational and educational purposes. The model enables pulse train generation in real environment belonging to radar emitters for military exercises. The motivation comes from another research area which is to design effective algorithms for
deinterleaving mixed pulse sequences in a suitable hardware and this thesis, covers the work done for implementing a hardware that generates mixed pulse sequences. First of
all, a basic radar emitter model is built up using laboratory instruments by considering basic radar emitter models. Technical specs of these instruments have to be known well
to find out how many emitters can be emulated simultaneously and what the limits of these emulations are. After giving emulation results, trigging signal generator externally to obtain complex mixed pulse sequences is mentioned. In the following section related schematics are given about implementing radar emitters. Cost efficient way of emitter emulation is mentioned by using wideband RF synthesizer/VCO with integrated RF mixers and some microwave components in the following section. A board is designed including all required components to implement radar emitter emulation. Tests are implemented in laboratory environment. Finally test results and technical specifications
of the design are given. Also cost calculations of the implemented designs are done in the final section and some examples related to the use of emulators in environmental
scenarios are given. Future work is also explained again in this final section.
18
Layton, Raymond J. "Macroinvertebrate colonization and production in new experimental ponds." Diss., This resource online, 1989. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03042009-040552/.
Повний текст джерела
19
Sadeghi, Rassoul Education Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences UNSW. "An investigation of the consequences for students of using different procedures to equate tests as fit to the Rasch model degenerates." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Education, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/27205.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many large-scale national and international testing programs use the Rasch model to govern the construction of measurement scales that can be used to monitor standards of performance and monitor performance over time. A significant issue that arises in such programs is that once a decision has been made to use the model, it is not possible to reverse the decision if the data do not fit the model. There are two levels of question that result from such a situation. One of them involves the issue of misfit to the model. That is, how robust is the model to violations of fit of the data to the model? A second question emerges from the premise that the issue of fit to the model is a relative matter. That is, ultimately, it becomes the decision of users as to whether data fit the model well enough to suit the purpose of the users. Once this decision has been made, such as in the case of large-scale testing programs like the ones refocused to above, then the question reverts to one in which the focus is on the applications of the Rasch model. More specifically, in the case of this study, the intention is to examine the consequences of variability of fit to the Rasch model on the measures of student performance obtained from two different equating procedures. Two related simulation studies have been conducted to compare the results obtained from using two different equating procedures (namely separate and concurrent equating) with the Rasch Simple Logistic model, as data-model fit gets progressively worse. The results indicate that when data-model fit ranges from good fit to average fit (MNSQ ??? 1.60), there is little or no difference between the results obtained from the different equating procedures. However, when data-model fit ranges from relatively poor fit to poor fit (MNSQ > 1.60), the results from using different equating procedures prove less comparable. When the results of these two simulation studies are translated to a situation in Australia, for example, where different states use different equating procedures to generate a single comparable score and then these scores are used to compare performances amongst students and to predetermined standards or benchmarks, it raises significant equity issues. In essence, it means that in the latter situation, some students are deemed to be either above or below the standards purely as a consequence of the equating procedure selected. For example, students could be deemed to be above a benchmark if separate equating was used to produce the scale; yet these same students could be deemed to fall below the benchmark if concurrent equating is used. The actual consequences of this decision will vary from situation to situation. For example, if the same equating procedure was used each year to equate the data to form a single scale, then it could be argued that it does not matter if the results vary from occasion to occasion because it is consistent for the cohort of students from year to year. However, if other states or countries, for example, use a different equating procedure and the results are compared, then there is an equity problem. The extent of the problem is dependent upon the robustness of the model to varying degrees of misfit.
20
Sibson, Nicola Ruth. "A magnetic resonance imaging study of experimental cerebral ischaemia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360825.
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21
Ramirez, Francisco Daniel. "Methodological Rigour in Preclinical Research: Implications for its Scientific Validity and Biomedical Progress." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39426.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Preclinical research using animals often precedes and informs clinical trials; however, most attempts to translate findings from “bench-to-bedside” fail. There is growing concern that an important cause of failed translations is that much of preclinical research is not reproducible, with poor experimental methodology believed to be a major contributor. Four studies were conducted: (1) an assessment of reported study designs of preclinical experiments published in leading cardiovascular journals; (2) an examination of sex bias in preclinical cardiovascular research; (3) a comparison of experimental practices between male and female preclinical cardiovascular researchers; and (4) an analysis of the influence of journal initiatives on preclinical research quality. These studies suggest that (1) methodological shortcomings are prevalent and persistent in preclinical cardiovascular research; (2) women’s involvement in preclinical cardiovascular research is positively associated with considering sex as a biological variable; and (3) journals can exert considerable influence on the quality of published data.
22
Khene, Mielie Samson. "Nanocomposites of nickel phthalocyanines as electrocatalysts for the oxidation of chlorophenols an experimental and theoretical approach." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004986.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this work the interaction between peripherally (b) substituted nickel tetrahydroxyphthalocyanines (b-NiPc(OH)4 and poly-b-Ni(O)Pc(OH)4) with 4-chlorophenol is theoretically rationalized by performing calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. Density functional theory (DFT) and molecular orbital theory are used to calculate the condensed Fukui function for phthalocyanine derivatives and 4-chlorophenol, in order to determine the reactive sites involved when 4-chlorophenol is oxidized, and to compare theoretically predicted reactivity to experimentally determined electrocatalytic activity. Electrocatalytic activities of adsorbed NiPc derivatives: OPGE-α-NiPc(OH)8 (OPGE = ordinary pyrolytic graphite electrode, α = nonperipheral substitution), OPGE-a-NiPc(OH)4 and OPGE-β- NiPc(OH)4 are compared with those of the polymerized counterparts: OPGE-poly-α-Ni(O)Pc(OH)8, OPGE poly-a-NiPc(OH)4 and OPGE-poly-β-NiPc(OH)4, respectively. β-NiPc(NH2)4, β-NiPc(OH)4, α-NiPc(OH)4, α-NiPc(OH)8, α-NiPc(C10H21)8 are adsorbed on singled walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and β-NiPc(NH2)4-SWCNT (linked to SWCNT), are used to modify glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and employed for the electro oxidation of chlorophenols. The β-NiPc(NH2)4-SWCNT gave the best current response for the oxidation of 4-chlorophenol. α-NiPc(OH)8-SWCNT and α-NiPc(C10H21)8 gave the best resistance to electrode fouling due to oxidation by product of 4-chlorophenol. The synthesis of conjugates of cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe-QDs) capped with thioglycolic acid and peripherally substituted nickel tetraamino phthalocyanine (β-NiPc(NH2)4) complex were also employed for the oxidation of chlorophenols. Separation of one of the diastereomers of 1, 2-subnaphthalocyanine (SubNPc) was achieved as well as separation of the enantiomers. The absorption and magnetic circular dichroism spectra, together with theoretical calculations, reveal rather small variations in the frontier molecular orbitals of the SubNPc compared to conventional subphthalocyanine (SubPc), except for the destabilization of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), which results in a characteristic absorption in the Soret band region. The chirality of SubNPc, including the cyclic dichroism (CD) signs and intensities, are discussed in detail.
23
Eaton, Elizabeth M. R. "An experimental study of adolescents' identification with South Africa and Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10477.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bibliography: leaves 127-136.South African social psychological research on national identity has been limited. The current research aimed to address some of the gaps in the local literature. Two studies were conducted among Grade 11 learners at Cape Town high schools. Study 1 (N=565) included Black African-language speakers, Coloured English-speakers, White Afrikaans-speakers and White English-speakers aged between 16.5 and 18.5. This study was an experimental test of hypotheses based on the principle of 'functional antagonism' within Self-Categorisation Theory (Turner, 1987), as well as on other concepts derived from European and local research. Based on methods used by Cinnirella (1998) and Rutland and Cinnirella (2000), participants were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions designed to make national, sub-national, or personal identity salient. The effect of this experimental manipulation on identification with South Africa and with Africa was then assessed across ethnic groups. Study 1 also investigated the relationship between attitudes towards diversity, perceived sub-national group security, and strength of identification with South Africa. Study 2 (N=91) was restricted to Coloured English-speakers within the same age range as in Study 1. Study 2 tested a hypothesis about the relative sensitivity to the experimental manipulation, of alternative measures of identification. No effects for the experimental manipulation of identity salience were found on any of the dependent variables. Significant differences were, however, found between ethnic groups on absolute and relative identification with South African and Africa, as well as on certain pertinent attitudes and beliefs. The result of Study 2 provided a degree of methodological triangulation for Study 1, while also providing additional information about the relative strength of South African, Africa, and nine other social identities. The results are discussed in the light of findings from prior South African research.
24
Westerman, William J. "Experimental measurement of combustion noise and comparison to a predictive model." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41490.
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25
Lansey, Christopher A. "Analytical and experimental analysis of fireplace performance." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11072008-063033/.
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26
Vall-llosera, Camps Miquel. "Avian invasions: from basic to applied research." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/96891.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La preocupació pels greus problemes ambientals i econòmics causats per les invasions biològiques ha provocat un enorme interès en tractar de comprendre els factors que influeixen en el procés invasiu. Aquesta informació és essencial per prevenir, avaluar i mitigar els impactes de les espècies invasores. En aquest context, aquesta tesi té dos objectius principals. El primer és descobrir què fa que una espècie tingui èxit en la invasió, i el segon investigar si aquests descobriments poden ser útils per prevenir els impactes dels invasors. Aquesta tesi explora aquestes qüestions utilitzant les aus com a objecte d'estudi. Per entendre per què hi ha espècies exòtiques que, tot i començar amb poblacions sovint petites i genèticament empobrides, arriben a vegades a establir-se en ambients on no havien tingut oportunitat d’adaptar-se, sovint s’invoca que les espècies bones invasores tenen adaptacions que els permeten superar aquests problemes. La teoria ecològica proposa que una d’aquestes adaptacions haurien de ser les històries de vida. Les característiques de les espècies relacionades amb la reproducció i la supervivència haurien de jugar un paper destacat en disminuir el risc d’extinció per factors estocàstics just després de la introducció. Els resultats indiquen que els bons invasors es caracteritzen per donar prioritat a la reproducció futura en lloc de la actual, segurament perquè un gran èxit en la reproducció en el futur redueix els costos d'un fracàs reproductiu en condicions d'incertesa i augmenta les oportunitats per explorar i respondre a les pressions ambientals noves. A més, les espècies exòtiques haurien de tenir adaptacions que els permetin trobar un nínxol ecològic apropiat on sobreviure i prosperar, per evitar l’extinció per creixement poblacional negatiu. Aquest nínxol no només ha d’incloure els recursos necessaris, però també pocs competidors i enemics. La teoria suggereix dues formes de trobar aquest nínxol: o les espècies invasores són capaces de desplaçar competitivament les espècies natives dels seus nínxols, o bé els invasors són oportunistes i troben nínxols ecològics desaprofitats. En aquesta tesi la importància relativa d’aquestes dues hipòtesis s’ha contrastat mitjançant l’estudi de l’invasió del Rossinyol del Japó (Leiothrix lutea) a la serra de Collserola. L'invasor s'ha establit amb relativament poca resistència de les espècies natives, el que reflecteix la seva naturalesa oportunista i generalista i que els seus requeriments ecològics estaven poc representats en la comunitat nativa. No obstant, durant el període d’expansió de l’invasor s’ha detectat la disminució d’una espècie nativa ecològicament similar, presumiblement deguda a desplaçament competitiu. Aquests resultats mostren que les dues hipòtesis no són mútuament exclusives, sinó que conjuntament poden ajudar a millorar la comprensió de les invasions. Finalment, aquesta tesi planteja si és possible utilitzar les característiques proposades d’estar relacionades amb l’èxit invasor per desenvolupar una metodologia per detectar les espècies potencialment invasores i així poder evitar futurs problemes. Els resultats indiquen que l’èxit invasor pot ser predit per la mida de la població fundadora, l'ús de l'hàbitat, la mida del cervell i la capacitat de les espècies de prioritzar la reproducció futura. Tot i que són poques característiques, els models generats van predir la probabilitat d'èxit de l'establiment de les aus a Europa i Austràlia, amb una precisió molt alta. Així doncs, es demostra que fer avaluacions de risc basades en les característiques relacionades amb l'èxit de l'establiment és difícil, però possible, i proporcionen una eina útil per orientar les estratègies de prevenció destinades a mitigar els impactes d'espècies invasores. Tot i així, aquesta tesi també demostra que per ser del tot efectives cal que aquestes metodologies siguin implementades realment en les polítiques de gestió ambiental si de debò volem evitar un futur dominat per les espècies invasores.Serious concern for environmental and economic problems caused by biological invasions has caused a huge interest in trying to understand the factors that influence the invasive process. This information is essential to prevent, assess, and mitigate the impacts of invasive species. In this context, this thesis has two main goals. The first is to ask what makes a species a successful invader, and second to investigate whether this information can be useful for preventing the impact of the invaders. This thesis explores these questions using birds as the object of study. To understand why exotic species, whose initial populations are generally small and genetically depleted, can sometimes succeed to establish themselves in environments to which they have had no opportunity to adapt it has often been invoked that successful invaders have adaptations that allow them to overcome these problems. Ecological theory suggests that life histories should be part of these adaptations. The characteristics of the species related to reproduction and survival should play an important role in reducing the risk of extinction by stochastic factors at the initial stages of the invasion process. The results indicate that successful invaders are characterized by prioritizing future over current reproduction, probably because a great success in reproducing in the future reduces the cost of reproductive failure under conditions of uncertainty and increases the opportunities to explore and respond to new environmental pressures. In addition, alien species should have adaptations to find an appropriate niche to survive in and prosper, to avoid extinction by negative population growth. This niche should include not only necessary resources, but also few competitors and enemies. Theory suggests two ways to achieve this niche: or invasive species are competitively superior and displace native species from their current niches, or invaders are opportunistic and have the ability to find unused ecological niches. In this thesis the relative importance of these two hypotheses has been contrasted trough the study of the invasion of the Red-billed Leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea) in the Collserola forest reserve. The invader established with relatively little resistance from the native species, reflecting its generalist and opportunistic nature and that its ecological requirements were underrepresented in the native community. However, there has been a decline of a native species ecologically similar to the invader during the period of expansion, presumably due to competitive displacement. These results show that both hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, but taken together can help to better understand of the establishment process. Finally, this thesis asks whether it is possible to use the species features proposed to be related to the invasive success to develop a methodology to detect potentially invasive species and, thus, to be able avoid future problems. The results show that invasive success can be predicted by the founder population size, habitat use, brain size, and the ability of species to prioritize future reproduction. Although there are few traits, the models predicted the probability of successful establishment for birds in Europe and Australia with high accuracy. Therefore, it is demonstrated that risk assessments based on characteristics related to the success of the establishment are difficult but feasible and provide a useful tool for guiding preventive polices aimed at mitigating the impact of invasive species. However, this thesis also shows that, to be fully effective, these methods have indeed to be applied in the environmental management policies if we really want to avoid a future dominated by invasive species.
27
Bosch, Horacio E., Claudia Guzner, Mercedes S. Bergero, Blasi Mario A. Di, Adriana Schilardi, and Leonor Carvajal. "Innovations in Educational Research and Teaching of Experimental Calculus." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-79493.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For several decades, there have been a varying number of books on Calculus following the classic line of mathematical thought, where Mathematics is taught for everybody by means of rigorous definitions, theorems, and carefully detailed and extensive demonstrations. For mathematical education into the XXI Century the students need to achieve ability in handling of present mathematical tools and concepts from the beginning of their courses. These needs can be achieved today by means of a paradigmatic change in the focus of mathematics teaching: to learn to develop ideas and to experiment and test those ideas in such way that students can verify their own inferences. In this paper we report an educational research in teaching
and learning functions models according to a new paradigm in hands-on experimental mathematics, with applications in the real world, i.e. sciences and engineering by using Computer Algebra Systems. The study of functions is presented, focused into the framing of Exploratory Learning Systems, where students learn
by means of the action and their participation in it. It is designed for teachers working together with students in a computer laboratory like hands-on workshops-type activities on other sciences. In this way students have a more “alive”, “realistic” and “accessible” touch in Calculus.
28
Turer, Oncel Umut. "A Web-based Database For Experimental Structural Engineering Research." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611811/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study presents a web-based database application for storing experimental data and related documents at a single location and sharing them among researchers and engineers from all over the world. The database application, accessible from a website was developed for experimental structural engineering researches, and initially tested at Structural and Earthquake Engineering Laboratory of Civil Engineering Department, METU. The application is composed of two parts. The first part is the database that stores information about projects, specimens, experiments, experimental data, documentation, site members, and member groups at the server side. The second part is the website that provides a functional user interface for easy use of application and providing accessibility from everywhere via internet. After the development of the database and the website, these two parts were attached to each other and application functionalities that enabled users to create, modify, search, and delete projects, specimens and experimentsallowed users to upload/download documentation and experimental data
provided abilities to users to plot test data and share their opinions were ensured. ASP.NET framework and C# programming language was utilized for the web application development. Functionality and usability of the database application was then tested by uploading and sharing various experimental results.
29
Svensson, Olle. "Experimental results from the Lysekil Wave Power Research Site." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-179098.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis presents how experimental results, from wave power research performed offshore at the Lysekil research site, were obtained. The data were used to verify theoretical models as well as evaluate the feasibility of wave power as a future sustainable energy source. The first experiments carried out at the research site was the measurement of the force in a line where one end was connected to a buoy with a diameter of 3 m and the other end to a set of springs with limited stroke length. The system is exposed to high peak forces compared to average forces. The maximum measured force in the line, when the buoy motion is limited by a stiff stopper rope is ten times the average force in that particular sea state. The experiment performed on the first wave energy converter tested at the Lysekil Research Site is described. The infrastructure of the site is presented where the central connection point is the measuring station. The key finding is that it is possible to transform the motions of ocean waves into electrical energy and distribute it to land. Many wave energy converters must be interconnected if large amounts of energy are to be harvested from the waves. The first submerged substation intended for aggregation of energy from wave power converters is described, with focus on the measurement and control system placed inside the substation. During this experiment period the generators were equipped with many different sensors; these measurements are explained in the thesis. The system that aggregates power from the studied wave energy converter is regularly exposed to peak power of up to 20 times the maximum average output from the converter. Vertical and horizontal movement of the buoy has been measured in different ways. The result is that the vertical displacement of the buoy can be measured with a simple accelerometer circuit but it is much more complicated to measure the horizontal displacement. A special method for measuring the horizontal displacement has been implemented by measuring the strain in the enclosure and the force in the line.Den här avhandlingen berättar om hur experimenten vid Lysekils forskningsområde för vågkraft har utförts. Insamlade mätdata har använts för att verifiera teoretiska samband som modulerats vid Elektricitetslära, Uppsala universitet. De teoretiska och praktiska resultaten har visat på att vågkraft har förutsättningarna att implementeras som en hållbar framtida energikälla. Intressanta mätmetoder har utvecklas och påfrestningarna på utrustningin och dess samband med medel effekten har studerats.
Lysekils projektet
30
Ingberg, Edvin. "Challenges in experimental stroke research : The 17β-estradiol example". Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för neuro- och inflammationsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-123893.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ischemic stroke causes millions of deaths around the world each year, and surviving patients often suffer from long-term disability. Hundreds of promising drug candidates have been identified in animal models, but the clinical trials have repeatedly failed. Lack of methodological quality in the animal studies, e.g. low statistical power as a result of small group sizes in combination with high outcome variability and high mortality, has been suggested to in part explain the lack of translational success. In the meta-analytical Papers II and Paper V, we therefore investigated how method parameters impact infarct size variation and mortality in rodent stroke studies. These findings can help researchers to optimize their animal models or to more exactly predict variability and mortality given a certain experimental setup. The relation between ischemic stroke and estrogens is complex. Premenopausal women have a lower risk of stroke than men of the same age, suggesting that female sex hormones provide protection against cerebrovascular events. The idea of a beneficial effect on the brain of estrogens was also supported by epidemiological studies showing that estrogens given as postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy decreased the risk of stroke. However, subsequent clinical trials reported the opposite, an increased risk. Interestingly, discrepancies exist also in the animal stroke literature. The majority of the rodent studies on the effects of estrogens have shown protection, but there are also several examples of increased damage. Based on experimental results and a meta-analysis, it was hypothesized that differences in hormone administration methods and their resulting plasma concentrations of estrogens might explain the previous discordant animal findings. Paper I investigated the commonly used methods for 17β-estradiol administration and found that the popular slow-release pellets produced high and unpredictable serum concentrations. A novel method with 17β-estradiol administered orally in Nutella® was also evaluated with promising results. Paper III extracted data regarding methodological choices from all previously published estrogen-stroke studies, and showed through metaanalysis that slow-release pellets are more prone to render estrogens damaging. Finally, Paper IV tested whether estrogens could both exert neuroprotection and promote detrimental effects merely depending on dose and irrespective of the administration route. Surprisingly, and in contrast to the hypothesis, a significant negative correlation was found between 17β-estradiol dose group and infarct size meaning that the higher the dose, the smaller the infarcts. In summary, this thesis does not confirm the hypothesis of dose-related neuroprotective vs neurodamaging effects of estrogens on ischemic stroke. If high estrogen doses/plasma concentrations per se can cause increased stroke damage, such a phenomenon is not very robust, and seems to depend on tight dose ranges and/or other experimental circumstances. Although not directly applicable to the clinical situation, hopefully in a long-term perspective these findings may contribute in elucidating when estrogens are beneficial and when they are harmful. Further, it adds to the growing literature on how the quality of experimental stroke research can be increased to try to overcome translational difficulties.
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Golovine, Jean Claude Raymond Rolin. "Experimental user interface design toolkit for interaction research (IDTR)." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/839.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The research reported and discussed in this thesis represents a novel approach to User Interface evaluation and optimisation through cognitive modelling. This is achieved through the development and testing of a toolkit or platform titled Toolkit for Optimisation of Interface System Evolution (TOISE). The research is conducted in two main phases. In phase 1, the Adaptive Control of Thought Rational (ACT-R) cognitive architecture is used to design Simulated Users (SU) models. This allows models of user interaction to be tested on a specific User Interface (UI). In phase 2, an evolutionary algorithm is added and used to evolve and test an optimised solution to User Interface layout based on the original interface design. The thesis presents a technical background, followed by an overview of some applications in their respective fields. The core concepts behind TOISE are introduced through a discussion of the Adaptive Control of Thought – Rational (ACT-R) architecture with a focus on the ACT-R models that are used to simulate users. The notion of adding a Genetic Algorithm optimiser is introduced and discussed in terms of the feasibility of using simulated users as the basis for automated evaluation to optimise usability. The design and implementation of TOISE is presented and discussed followed by a series of experiments that evaluate the TOISE system. While the research had to address and solve a large number of technical problems the resulting system does demonstrate potential as a platform for automated evaluation and optimisation of user interface layouts. The limitations of the system and the approach are discussed and further work is presented. It is concluded that the research is novel and shows considerable promise in terms of feasibility and potential for optimising layout for enhanced usability.
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Rozum, Michael A. "Effective design augmentation for prediction." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08032007-102232/.
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Bowers, Jeffrey Scott. "Priming of nonwords in normal subjects." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186214.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A series of 5 experiments assessed implicit and explicit memory for words and nonwords. Experiments 1-2 assessed memory for words and legal nonwords (e.g. KERS) following a levels-of-processing manipulation and a study/test modality shift manipulation, respectively. Robust priming was observed for words and nonwords in both experiments, and an implicit/explicit dissociation was observed for nonwords in Experiment 1. Experiment 3 observed a double dissociation between implicit and explicit memory for words and legal nonwords following a study condition that confounded the above levels-of-processing and study/test modality shift manipulations. Experiment 4 observed robust priming for legal and illegal nonwords (e.g., XYKS) that dissociated from explicit memory following a levels-of-processing manipulation. Finally, Experiment observed significant negative priming for legal nonwords when the lexical decision task was used. These experiments suggest that implicit memory can extend to legal and illegal nonwords.
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Pétervári, Judit. "The evaluation of creative ideas : analysing the differences between expert and novice judges." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2018. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/42526.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The evaluation of creative ideas is a special case of judgment and decision making. It is difficult to objectively evaluate creative products because most people possess an internalised model of creativity which is usually neither verbalised nor explicitly defined. Also, one of the main assessment dimensions of creativity, originality varies as a function of the evaluator's previous experience. For these reasons, previous research has provided practical rather than theoretical grounds for studying the evaluation process. The present thesis examines the conceptual basis on which people evaluate creative ideas. The aim is to identify factors and conditions which enhance the detection of creative ideas. A novel paradigm was created to test how creativity-related features influence the assessment of creativity. In six experiments, experts' and non-experts' judgment was examined regarding urban design. Two experiments established the expert ratings of the stimuli. Further two experiments explored the extent to which non-experts relied on four features (originality, utility, scalability, and riskiness) for judging the creativity of novel project ideas while the level of motivation was controlled. Overall, the findings show that non-experts' creativity judgment relied on all four characteristic features. Their ratings of the features predicted a substantial part of the variance in the creativity ratings. In another experiment, the effect of providing explicit task-related information was tested. Such information did not make a solid difference in the creativity ratings. A final experiment assessed the differences between making relative and absolute judgments about creativity. There was a large overlap between the selection of best and worst ideas regardless of which way the judgment was made. In conclusion, non-experts were found to possess a robust internal model of creativity and not to make random choices. Experts and non-experts were found to judge creativity vastly differently, they only agreed that utility is the most important criterion.
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Rayes, H. M. "Serological, cultural and experimental studies of Chlamydia psittaci from sheep." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233854.
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Theodoridou, Danae. "Short (research) stories : drama and dramaturgy in experimental theatre and dance practices." Thesis, Roehampton University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10142/283932.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This practice-as-research project discusses modes, processes and aesthetics of contemporary dramaturgy, as practiced in experimental theatre and dance works in Europe from the 1990s onwards. In order to do this, the project draws particularly on discourses around ‘drama’ and suggests that the term can be redefined and usefully rehabilitated for both analysis and the creation of experimental performances. More specifically, this project defines drama (deriving from the Greek dro=act) as stage action, and dramaturgy (deriving from the Greek drama + ergo= work) as a practice that works endlessly for the creation of this drama/action on stage and is therefore always connected with it. In order to approach the newly proposed notion of ‘experimental drama’, this research uses the six main dramatic elements offered by Aristotle in his Poetics: plot, character, language, thought, the visual and music. Furthermore, it adds a seventh element: the spectator and contemporary understandings around the conditions of spectatorship. It then offers an analysis of dramaturgical processes and aesthetics of experimental stage works through these elements. Given that this is a practice-as-research project, it is accordingly multi-modal and offers its perspectives on dramaturgy and experimental drama through both critical and performance texts, documentation traces (photographs and video recordings) of artistic practice – all present in this thesis – and a live event; all these modes complement each other and move constantly between the stage and the page to proceed with the research’s inquiries. The current thesis has borrowed the dramaturgical structure of two artistic projects, created within the frame of this research practice, to generate its writings. The introductory parts of this text place the work within the discourse on practice-as-research and discuss the project’s proposal for an analysis of contemporary dramaturgy through drama. The Short (Research) Stories that follow analyze experimental works, created both within the frame of this research practice and outside it, by other artists, following the Aristotelian model. The element of spectatorship intervenes in this analysis instead of standing separately in the thesis. The project’s closing live event returns from the page to the stage to continue and add to discussions around central issues of the work, in its various distinct modes.
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He, Xiaoyin. "CHARACTERIZATION OF CORNEAL BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES USING EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL METHODS." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1280178567.
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Wilmot, Dennis John. "Experimenter and mood influences in environmental research." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363455.
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Naruse, Kiyoshi, Mitsuru Sakaizumi, and Akihiro Shima. "Medaka as a model organism for research in experimental biology." Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Stocks Bioscience Center Nagoya University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/13792.
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Yildirim, Nihat. "Theoretical and experimental research in high contact ratio spur gearing." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307840.
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Pokhrel, Lok R., Phillip R. Scheuerman, and Brajesh Dubey. "Evaluation of Experimental Design Options in Environmental Nano-Science Research." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2874.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Evaluation of Experimental Design Options in Environmental Nano-Science Research As an experimental research design plays a pivotal role in executing a research problem, it is imperative of a researcher to develop a suitable and sound research design. Utilizing robust statistical methods can further enhance the study power and thus allow drawing a logical conclusion. The same holds true for basic environmental science research, including research related to the effects of engineered nanomaterials in the environment.
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Bennetts, Alison Chantal. "Experimental investigations of paranoia : a literature review and novel research." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/417890/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Paranoid experience across the population has been of increasing interest to psychological researchers in recent years. Paranoia is no longer considered a purely psychiatric phenomenon, with numerous studies demonstrating delusional ideation in non-clinical populations. Theoretical models implicate emotions and beliefs as contributory factors in the most severe form of paranoia; persecutory delusions. Chapter one investigates the contribution of experimental studies investigating anxiety and paranoia to the understanding of the theoretical models of paranoid experience. Using a systematic search strategy and narrative synthesis, the review found extensive variance in design and methodology. Whilst there is some evidence of manipulations impacting paranoia and anxiety, the literature is limited by small samples, lack of replication and weak quality ratings. Further sufficiently powered replication studies and employment of mediational and covariate analyses are required to understand the causal relationships between theoretically relevant variables. Chapter two presents an experimental investigation into the effect of mental imagery on variables relevant to models of paranoid experience. Large, significant effect sizes were found, although some analyses were underpowered. These results offer tentative support for the impact of mental imagery on factors theorised to be relevant to the experience of paranoid ideation. Theoretical, research and clinical implications are discussed.
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Kiraly, Bret D. "An Experimental Application of Formal Concept Analysis to Research Communities." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1228497076.
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Chynchenko, Yu V., I. M. Kim, O. S. Samartseva, and V. O. Vakhrina. "Experimental research of terminal control area operations under uncertainty conditions." Thesis, Proceedings of the sixth world congress “Aviation in the XXI-st century” “Safety in aviation and space technology”, 2014. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/16162.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The experimental research of terminal control area operations under uncertainty conditions is considered. The Identification and assessment of threat factors in air traffic controller operation, identification of the point of controllers’ extreme operational conditions appearance and recommendations on associated errors capture and mitigation and improvement of airspace structure on the strategic planning phase are considered.
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Alia, Hayyan. "Microfinance Consumer Research : Diaries, Surveys and Experiments." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La thèse comporte sept chapitres. Nous présentons, dans le premier chapitre, une étude qui montre les traits particuliers des pauvres et la façon dont ils perçoivent leur propre pauvreté. Le second chapitre est consacré à une revue de la littérature sur l'utilisation d'agenda de gestion du temps comme outil de collecte de données en recherche qualitative. Le troisième chapitre propose une version modifiée du "modèle de portefeuille économique du ménage” (HEP) de Chen et Dunn (1996). Le modèle modifié (M-HEP) permet une évaluation non expérimentale de 1’impact de la microfinance. Nous l’avons mis en place via la collecte d’informations simples auto-déclarées sur 1’utilisation quotidienne du temps et de l’argent auprès d'un échantillon de femmes pauvres du Caire (Egypte). Le quatrième chapitre propose une étude testant ce modèle (M-HEP) auprès de personnes en situation de handicap. Le cinquième chapitre s'attache à une étude qui souligne une limite des journaux combinés "non stylisés" ou "non-directifs". Le sixième chapitre expose l’utilisation de jeux expérimentaux sur un échantillon de population du Caire en comparant le comportement des clients de la microfinance à celui de non-clients. Le dernier chapitre expose une étude d’évaluation d’impact de la microfinance sur le genre au Mali, utilisant une méthode quasi-expérimentale. Enfin, en guise de conclusion, nous préconisons 1’utilisation du modèle M-HEP dans l’étude de l’évaluation de I’impact de la microfinance. Nous avons effectué’ une étude comparative des trois méthodes utilisées dans la thèse à savoir la méthode qualitative non-expérimentale et les méthodes quantitatives expérimentales et quasi-expérimentalesThe thesis is built on seven chapters. In chapter 1, we explore the views on poverty of a sample of poor women. In chapter 2, we review the literature on the use of time-diary in research. Chapter 3 develops and investigates the diary method as a qualitative non-experimental impact evaluation tool. For this objective, we study "the household economic portfolio model (HEP)“ a comprehensive impact evaluation model designed by Chen and Dunn (1996) that overcomes the obstacle of fungibility of money. We propose a modified version (M-HEP), a simplified framework for non- experimental evaluation of impact with clear assessment units and efficient measurement tools. The collection of simple self-reported information on the daily use of time and money is suggested for implementing the model. We test our proposition with a case study from Cairo. In chapter 4, we provide another test of the combined diaries through a case study on two poor single mothers one of whom is handicapped. In chapter 5, we present a fina1 example on the combined diary of a poor woman. The study highlights one limitation in the non-stylized combined diary approach. In chapter 6, we use experimental games in Cairo to study two aspects of behavioral microfinance by comparing microfinance clients to non-clients. In chapter 7, we present an impact evaluation study on microfinance in Mali, using the quasi-experimental statistical technique. Finally, we conclude the thesis suggesting applications of the M-HEP, and comparing the three methods used in the thesis. This comparisons aims to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each of the methods when used for evaluating microfinance impact
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Hinkson, Daniel S. "Supporting Marine Corps Enhanced Company Operations a quantitative analysis /." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Jun/10Jun%5FHinkson.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010.Thesis Advisor(s): Lucas, Thomas W. ; Second Reader: Evans, James A. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 14, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Enhanced Company Operations, ECO, Distributed Operations, DO, Enhanced MAGTF Operations, EMO, MANA, Seabasing, Marine, Logistics, Agent-Based Model, Data Farming, Simulation, Design of Experiments. Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-86). Also available in print.
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Grobbelaar, Sara Susanna. "R&D in the national system of innovation a system dynamics model /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07212007-130132.
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Ashby, Michael. "Experimental phonetics in Britain, 1890-1940." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d8bbffae-8a4e-478e-ba65-0f5a5bbd66e1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study provides the first critical history of British developments in phonetic science from 1890 to the beginning of the Second World War. It draws on both published and unpublished documentary evidence, and on original digital analyses of contemporary images, experimental data, and sound recordings. Experimental phonetics had diverse origins embracing medicine, physics and philology. A survey of the nineteenth century background shows that by 1890 significant British contributions in all three fields could have furnished the makings of a native approach to phonetics as an experimental science, but they failed to come together for a variety of bureaucratic, professional and personal reasons. Experimental phonetics-an academic fashion as much as a scientific specialism-was instead imported from Germany and France, and it had little continuity with British antecedents. The study details the earliest British phonetics laboratories, their personnel, equipment, and research programmes, providing the first extensive account of the UCL laboratory, and bringing to light a forgotten 1930s laboratory in Newcastle. The major methods of empirical investigation of the period are scrutinised, rehabilitating long-neglected British origins. The early work of Daniel Jones is extensively re-evaluated, establishing his scientific credentials, and the career of Stephen Jones, the first academic in Britain to earn a salary as an experimental phonetician, receives detailed treatment. New light is thrown on many neglected figures, including W. A. Aikin, E. R. Edwards, John G. McKendrick, and Wilfred Perrett, while a detailed investigation of the work of Sir Richard Paget reveals the astonishing accuracy of his auditory analyses. The study concludes with an account of the career of Robert Curry, the first recognisably modern and professional speech scientist to emerge in Britain.
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Viola, Dimas Henrique Lanfredi. "Estudo experimental e correlação da entalpia em excesso molar de soluções líquidas binárias contendo 1-nonanol ou 1-decanol e acetonitrila a diferentes temperaturas e pressão atmosférica utilizando os modelos ERAS e PFP." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266896.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientador: Artur Zaghini FrancesconiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T04:03:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Viola_DimasHenriqueLanfredi_M.pdf: 2239811 bytes, checksum: 6bf0b52a70649c64b5b66555fd7154a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: Neste trabalho foram obtidos dados experimentais da entalpia molar em excesso em função da composição das soluções líquidas binárias contendo 1-nonanol ou 1-decanol e acetonitrila a (298,15, 303,15 e 308,15) K e pressão atmosférica utilizando um calorímetro de solução Parr 1455 modificado. O modelo ERAS e a teoria PFP foram aplicados na tentativa de correlacionar os dados experimentais. Todas as soluções estudadas apresentaram valores positivos para a entalpia molar em excesso em todo o intervalo de composição. Os resultados de entalpia molar em excesso aumentam com o aumento da temperatura e do número de átomos de carbono do álcool. O modelo ERAS e a teoria PFP descrevem satisfatoriamente o comportamento da entalpia molar em excesso dos sistemas estudados
Abstract: In this work, experimental excess molar enthalpies ( ) of binary liquid mixtures containing 1-nonanol, or 1-decanol + acetonitrile have been determined as a function of composition at (298.15, 303.15 and 308.15) K and atmospheric pressure using a modified 1455 Parr solution calorimeter. The solution model ERAS and the PFP theory were applied with the attempt of correlating the experimental data. E m H All the studied systems showed values of excess molar enthalpy positive over the whole composition range. The results of excess molar enthalpy increase with the temperature and with the number of carbons in the alkanol chain. The solution model ERAS and the PFP theory were able to describe the main features the behavior of excess molar enthalpy for the studied systems
Mestrado
Sistemas de Processos Quimicos e Informatica
Mestre em Engenharia Química
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Littlefield, Joanne. "The Santa Rita Experimental Range Turns 100: Vegetation and Wildlife Studies Assist Range Management." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622228.
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