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Статті в журналах з теми "Experimental condensed matter physics"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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1

Richardson, Robert C., Eric N. Smith, and Robert C. Dynes. "Experimental Techniques in Condensed Matter Physics at Low Temperatures." Physics Today 42, no. 10 (October 1989): 126–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2811189.

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2

Behringer, R. P. "Experimental Techniques in Condensed Matter Physics at Low Temperatures." American Journal of Physics 57, no. 3 (March 1989): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.16062.

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3

Feng, Hao, Huaguang Wang, and Zexin Zhang. "Application of video microscopy in experimental soft matter physics." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 18 (July 15, 2018): 1840012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797921840012x.

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Анотація:

Combining precise microscopic measurement with quantitative image analysis, video microscopy has become one of the most important, real-space experiment techniques to study the microscopic properties of soft matter systems. On the one hand, it provides a basic tool to observe and record the microscopic world. On the other hand, it offers a powerful experiment method to study the underlying physics of the microscopic world. In this paper, we review the development of the video microscopy, introduce the corresponding hardware and video processing software, and summarize the typical applications and recent progresses of video microscopy in colloidal suspensions. The future of the video microscopy in the soft condensed matter physics and interdisciplinary research is discussed.

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4

McClintock, Peter V. E. "Experimental and Computational Techniques in Soft Condensed Matter Physics, edited by Jeffrey Olafsen." Contemporary Physics 52, no. 5 (September 2011): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00107514.2011.580058.

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5

Dryzek, J. "Experimental studies of beta positron implantation profiles in condensed matter." physica status solidi (c) 4, no. 10 (September 2007): 3961–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssc.200675744.

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6

Yi, Sang Wook. "The nature of model-based understanding in condensed matter physics." Mind & Society 3, no. 1 (March 2002): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02511868.

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7

Sears, V. F. "Atomic momentum distributions in condensed matter." Canadian Journal of Physics 63, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p85-012.

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The theory of the momentum distribution function for atoms in condensed matter is reviewed and compared with results of deep-inelastic neutron-scattering experiments. We discuss, in particular, the case of classical and almost-classical liquids, harmonic and anharmonic crystals, and solid and liquid 4He. Except for liquid 4He in the superfluid phase, the momentum distribution is always Gaussian to a good approximation. In some cases this Gaussian behavior is of dynamical origin while, in others, it is a consequence of the central-limit theorem. The observed momentum distribution in superfluid 4He provides direct experimental evidence for the macroscopic occupation of the zero-momentum state and the value of the condensate fraction can be obtained.

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8

Pitcher, C. S., and P. C. Stangeby. "Experimental divertor physics." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 39, no. 6 (June 1, 1997): 779–930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/39/6/001.

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9

SCHOMMERS, W., and C. POLITIS. "COLD FUSION IN CONDENSED MATTER: IS A THEORETICAL DESCRIPTION IN TERMS OF USUAL SOLID STATE PHYSICS POSSIBLE?" Modern Physics Letters B 03, no. 08 (May 20, 1989): 597–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984989000947.

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Анотація:

The interaction potential between two deuterons (d+) in solid palladium has been estimated using a theoretical picture which is well known in the physics of liquids. On the basis of this potential, the essential experimental results of Fleischmann and Pons (J. Electroanal. Chem.261 (1989) 301) and Jones et al. (preprint) can be explained qualitatively. Thus, in our opinion, the description of cold fusion in condensed matter by means of usual solid state physics should not be excluded.

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10

Aprelkov, O. N., V. V. Igonin, A. I. Lebedev, I. Yu Myshkina, and O. V. Olkhov. "Numerical and experimental study of Richtmyer–Meshkov instability in condensed matter." Physica Scripta T142 (December 1, 2010): 014025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/2010/t142/014025.

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11

LIU, M., L. H. WEN, L. SHE, A. X. CHEN, H. W. XIONG, and M. S. ZHAN. "SPLITTING AND TRAPPING OF BOSE-CONDENSED GASES IN MULTI-WELLS." Modern Physics Letters B 19, no. 06 (March 20, 2005): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984905008244.

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Анотація:

For the Bose-condensed gas in a one-dimensional optical lattice, several far-off resonant laser beams are used to split and trap the matter wavepacket after switching off both the magnetic trap and optical lattices. In the presence of two far-off resonant laser beams which are not symmetric about the centre of the matter wavepacket, we propose an experimental scheme to observe the collision between two side peaks after switching off the magnetic trap and optical lattice. We also discuss an experimental scheme to realize a coherent splitting and trapping of the matter wavepacket which has potential application in atom optics.

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12

HIKI, Yosio, Haruyuki TAKAHASHI, and Yoshiaki KOGURE. "An Experimental Method for Studying Thermal Transport in Condensed Matter." Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Ser. B: Physical and Biological Sciences 69, no. 3 (1993): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2183/pjab.69.51.

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13

Sims, Christopher. "Analogous Black Holes in Type-III Dirac Semimetal Ni3In2X2 (X = S, Se)." Crystals 13, no. 5 (May 20, 2023): 847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13050847.

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Анотація:

Black holes are objects that have a large mass and curve space time, characterized by their event horizon and singularity. Recently, an interesting concept of analogous black holes has emerged in the field of condensed matter physics. In this work, the possibility of realizing analogous black holes in topological material is Ni3In2X2 (X = S, Se) discussed. This work shows that the type-III Dirac cones of the material can lead to the emergence of an event horizon and the formation of a black hole-like region near the Dirac point. In addition, the possible experimental signatures of such a system are discussed and the potential implications of an analogous black hole for the study of black hole physics in condensed matter systems.

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14

ROLSTON, S. L. "BOSONS IN OPTICAL LATTICES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, no. 19 (July 30, 2006): 2755–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979206035254.

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The advent of coherent matter waves in the form of Bose-Einstein condensates, coupled with periodic potentials in the form of optical lattices, has established a new area of research on the boundary between atomic and condensed matter physics. This article is a brief review of the recent experimental progress in the area of degenerate Bose gases loaded into optical lattices, including strongly correlated systems and the role of dimensionality. Future prospects will also be outlined.

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15

Yakovlev, Egor V., Pavel V. Ovcharov, and Stanislav O. Yurchenko. "“Tunable colloids”: Experimental complex for studying generic phenomena in classical condensed matter." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1135 (December 2018): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1135/1/012039.

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16

Turlier, Hervé, and Timo Betz. "Unveiling the Active Nature of Living-Membrane Fluctuations and Mechanics." Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics 10, no. 1 (March 10, 2019): 213–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031218-013757.

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Soft-condensed matter physics has provided, in the past decades, many of the relevant concepts and methods allowing successful description of living cells and biological tissues. This recent quantitative physical description of biological systems has profoundly advanced our understanding of life, which is shifting from a descriptive to a predictive level. Like other active materials investigated in condensed matter physics, biological materials still pose great challenges to modern physics as they form a specific class of nonequilibrium systems. Actively driven membranes have been studied for more than two decades, taking advantage of rapid progress in membrane physics and in the experimental development of reconstituted active membranes. The physical description of activity within living biological membranes remains, however, a key challenge that animates a dynamic research community, bringing together physicists and biologists. Here, we first review the past two decades of experimental and theoretical advances that enabled the characterization of mechanical properties and nonequilibrium fluctuations in active membranes. We distinguish active processes originating from membrane proteins or from external interactions, such as cytoskeletal forces. Then, we focus on the emblematic case of red blood cell flickering, the active origin of which has been debated for decades until recently. We finally close this review by discussing future challenges in this ever more interdisciplinary field.

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17

SCHOMMERS, W., and C. POLITIS. "COLD FUSION IN CONDENSED MATTER: IS A THEORETICAL DESCRIPTION IN TERMS OF USUAL SOLID STATE PHYSICS POSSIBLE?" Modern Physics Letters A 04, no. 12 (June 20, 1989): 1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732389001362.

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Анотація:

A model for cold fusion in condensed matter is proposed (cold fusion of deuterons in palladium). It is assumed that the palladium-deuterium system forms an alloy, i.e., it is assumed that Pd ions as well as d+ ions are embedded in an uniform background of negative charge (conduction electrons). The model is based on an interaction potential for deuterons in solid palladium which has been estimated by means of a theoretical picture well known in the physics of liquids. On the basis of this potential the essential experimental results of Fleischmann and Pons, and Jones et al. can be explained qualitatively. In particular, the following effects are possible: 1. Cold fusion in condensed matter can take place. 2. The observed energy should be larger than that given by the fusion reactions. 3. Hitherto unknown nuclear processes must not be postulated as reported by Fleischmann and Pons. 4. The deuterons are mobile. 5. The deuterons can form close-packed clusters, and in principle a fusion reaction can take place within such a cluster. 6. Not only 3He should be produced in Pd but possibly 4He too. From our theoretical picture, it can be concluded that experimental results will be strongly dependent on the condition of the materials used in the experiments. This can possibly explain that only a part of experiments could show up cold fusion. A well defined condition (lattice defects, different phases, impurities, etc.) of the materials is probably the most critical point in connection with the observation of cold fusion in condensed matter. The effect should also be influenced by lattice dilatations. Experiments with other materials instead of palladium (e.g. vanadium, titanium, lanthanide metals, and different alloys) should be probably more informative.

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18

PHILIPPETIS, A. L. "ELECTROMAGNETIC SIGNALS BEFORE RUPTURE AND THEIR POSSIBLE INTERCONNECTION WITH BIOEFFECTS." Modern Physics Letters B 23, no. 11 (May 10, 2009): 1431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984909019624.

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Aspects from condensed matter physics combined with recent advances on statistical physics and physics of complex systems related to critical phenomena have inspired the continuous experimental study of electromagnetic precursory phenomena. For example, during the last two decades anomalous electromagnetic signals have been repeatedly observed before big earthquakes. Since it has been independently found that weak electromagnetic fields can produce biological effects, the following possibility is forwarded in this paper: The finding that electromagnetic signals are emitted before earthquakes, may be the key for the explanation that anomalous animal behavior have been frequently observed in various countries before major events.

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19

Li, Peizhao, Haibao Lu, and Yong-Qing Fu. "Phase transition of supercooled water confined in cooperative two-state domain." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 34, no. 16 (February 23, 2022): 165403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/ac519b.

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Abstract The question of ‘what is the structure of water?’ has been regarded as one of the major scientific conundrums in condensed-matter physics due to the complex phase behavior and condensed structure of supercooled water. Great effort has been made so far using both theoretical analysis based on various mathematical models and computer simulations such as molecular dynamics and first-principle. However, these theoretical and simulation studies often do not have strong evidences of condensed-matter physics to support. In this study, a cooperative domain model is formulated to describe the dynamic phase transition of supercooled water between supercooled water and amorphous ice, both of which are composed of low- and high-density liquid water. Free volume theory is initially employed to identify the working principle of dynamic phase transition and its connection to glass transition in the supercooled water. Then a cooperative two-state model is developed to characterize the dynamic anomalies of supercooled water, including density, viscosity and self-diffusion coefficient. Finally, the proposed model is verified using the experimental results reported in literature.

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20

Pietrow, M., R. Zaleski, A. Wagner, P. Słomski, E. Hirschmann, R. Krause-Rehberg, M. O. Liedke, M. Butterling, and D. Weinberger. "An experimental investigation of light emission produced in the process of positronium formation in matter." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 19 (2021): 11264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp00755f.

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21

HERRERA, IVAN, GIUSEPPE D'ARRIGO, MARIO SICILIANI DE CUMIS, and FRANCESCO SAVERIO CATALIOTTI. "MAGNETIC MICROTRAPS FOR QUANTUM CONTROL." International Journal of Quantum Information 05, no. 01n02 (February 2007): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749907002487.

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Анотація:

We will review the realization of magnetic microtraps for ultracold atoms. Such devices combine experimental simplicity with unsurpassed versatility in designing confining potentials. We will show how combining magnetic microtraps with optical lattices one can realize many possible quantum systems of interest in many fields ranging from solid state physics to condensed matter. We will also illustrate new possibilities in the quantum simulation of different physical systems.

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22

Gusev, Yuri Vladimirovich. "The quasi-low temperature behaviour of specific heat." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 1 (January 2019): 171285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171285.

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A new mathematical approach to condensed matter physics, based on the finite temperature field theory, was recently proposed. The field theory is a scale-free formalism; thus, it denies absolute values of thermodynamic temperature and uses dimensionless thermal variables, which are obtained with the group velocities of sound and the interatomic distance. This formalism was previously applied to the specific heat of condensed matter and predicted its fourth power of temperature behaviour at sufficiently low temperatures, which was tested by experimental data for diamond lattice materials. The range of temperatures with the quartic law varies for different materials; therefore, it is called the quasi-low temperature regime. The quasi-low temperature behaviour of specific heat is verified here with experimental data for the fcc lattice materials, silver chloride and lithium iodide. The conjecture that the fourth order behaviour is universal for all condensed matter systems has also supported the data for glassy matter: vitreous silica. This law is long known to hold for the bcc solid helium-4. The characteristic temperatures of the threshold of the quasi-low temperature regime are found for the studied materials. The scaling in the specific heat of condensed matter is expressed by the dimensionless parameter, which is explored with the data for several glasses. The explanation of the correlation of the ‘boson peak’ temperature with the shear velocity is proposed. The critique of the Debye theory of specific heat and the Born–von Karman model of the lattice dynamics is given.

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23

Wolf, Bernd, Andreas Honecker, Walter Hofstetter, Ulrich Tutsch, and Michael Lang. "Cooling through quantum criticality and many-body effects in condensed matter and cold gases." International Journal of Modern Physics B 28, no. 26 (October 20, 2014): 1430017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979214300175.

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Анотація:

This article reviews some recent developments for new cooling technologies in the fields of condensed matter physics and cold gases, both from an experimental and theoretical point of view. The main idea is to make use of distinct many-body interactions of the system to be cooled which can be some cooling stage or the material of interest itself, as is the case in ultracold gases. For condensed matter systems, we discuss magnetic cooling schemes based on a large magnetocaloric effect as a result of a nearby quantum phase transition and consider effects of geometrical frustration. For ultracold gases, we review many-body cooling techniques, such as spin-gradient and Pomeranchuk cooling, which can be applied in the presence of an optical lattice. We compare the cooling performance of these new techniques with that of conventional approaches and discuss state-of-the-art applications.

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24

Longair, Malcolm S., and John R. Waldram. "Sir Alfred Brian Pippard. 7 September 1920 — 21 September 2008." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 55 (January 2009): 201–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2009.0014.

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Sir Brian Pippard was a brilliant experimental physicist with a deep understanding of physics and physical processes; he used this understanding to make pioneering contributions to condensed matter physics. He will be particularly remembered as the first experimenter to map a Fermi surface and for his non-local theories of electromagnetic response in normal metals and superconductors, the latter predating the theory of superconductivity of Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer. Most of his career was spent at the Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, where he held the Cavendish Professorship of Experimental Physics from 1971 to 1982. From 1966 to 1973 he was the first President of Clare Hall, then a newly founded graduate college. He died aged 88 years on 21 September 2008.

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25

Ellis, John. "Experimental constraints on dark matter." Physica Scripta T36 (January 1, 1991): 142–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/1991/t36/016.

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26

Shen, Yuanyuan, Shengguo Guan, and Chunyin Qiu. "Topological valley transport of spoof surface acoustic waves." Journal of Applied Physics 133, no. 11 (March 21, 2023): 114305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0137591.

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Анотація:

In recent years, topological physics has attracted broad attention in condensed matter systems. Here, we report an experimental study on topological valley transport of spoof surface acoustic waves (SAWs). Specifically, we realize valley pseudospins and a valley Hall phase transition by tuning the structural size of adjacent grooves. In addition to a direct visualization of the vortex chirality-locked beam splitting for the bulk valley states, valley-projected edge states are observed in straight and bent interface channels formed by two topologically distinct valley Hall insulating phases. The experimental data agree well with our numerical predictions. The topological transport of spoof SAWs, encoded with valley information, provides more possibilities in design novel acoustic devices based on the valley-contrasting physics.

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27

HWANG, Kyusung. "Kitaev Quantum Spin Liquid." Physics and High Technology 31, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/phit.31.028.

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Quantum spin liquid is a phase of matter featured with quantum entanglement and fractionalization, and it has been sought after in condensed matter. Kitaev quantum spin liquid has been of particular interest due to the emergent quasiparticles of Majorana fermion, which is proposed as a venue for quantum computations. Recently, experimental evidences for Majorana fermion have been reported in the Kitaev quantum magnet -RuCl3. Half-integer quantized thermal Hall effect and field-angle dependent Majorana gap were experimentally observed. In this article, we review physics of Kitaev quantum spin liquid and recent advances in experiments.

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28

Banerjee, Hrishit. "Understanding the role of exchange and correlations in complex oxides under strain and oxide heterostructures." Modern Physics Letters B 34, no. 23 (July 30, 2020): 2030006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984920300069.

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The study of complex oxides and oxide heterostructures has dominated the field of experimental and theoretical condensed matter research for the better part of the last few decades. Powerful experimental techniques such as molecular beam epitaxy and pulsed laser deposition have made fabrication of oxide heterostructures with atomically sharp interfaces possible, whereas more and more sophisticated handling of exchange and correlations within first principles methods including density functional theory (DFT) supplemented with Hubbard U corrections and hybrid functionals, and beyond DFT techniques such as dynamical mean field theory (DMFT) have made understanding of such correlated oxides and oxide interfaces easier. The emergence of the high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas with fascinating properties such as giant photoconductance, large negative magnetoresistance, superconductivity, ferromagnetism, and the mysterious coexistence of the latter two have indeed caught the attention of condensed matter community at large. Similarly, strain tuning of oxides have generated considerable interest particularly after the recent discovery of piezoelectric methods of strain generation. Theoretical understanding and prediction of the possible exotic phases emerging in such complex oxides both under strain and in heterostructures will eventually lead to better design of device applications in this new emerging field of oxide electronics, along with possible discovery of exotic physics in condensed matter systems, which may be of wider significance! In this review, we briefly look at theoretical studies of novel phenomena in oxides under strain and oxide heterostructure, and try to understand the role of exchange and particularly correlation in giving rise to such exotic electronic states. This review though primarily focuses on the theoretical aspects on understanding the different mechanism of the phenomena of emergence of exotic phases, does provide a unique overview of the experimental literature as well, accompanied by the theoretical understanding such that relevant device applications can be envisaged.

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29

Kim, Chaebin, Heung-Sik Kim, and Je-Geun Park. "Spin-orbital entangled state and realization of Kitaev physics in 3d cobalt compounds: a progress report." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 34, no. 2 (October 29, 2021): 023001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/ac2d5d.

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Abstract The realization of Kitaev’s honeycomb magnetic model in real materials has become one of the most pursued topics in condensed matter physics and materials science. If found, it is expected to host exotic quantum phases of matter and offers potential realizations of fault-tolerant quantum computations. Over the past years, much effort has been made on 4d- or 5d-heavy transition metal compounds because of their intrinsic strong spin–orbit coupling. But more recently, there have been growing shreds of evidence that the Kitaev model could also be realized in 3d-transition metal systems with much weaker spin–orbit coupling. This review intends to serve as a guide to this fast-developing field focusing on systems with d 7 transition metal occupation. It overviews the current theoretical and experimental progress on realizing the Kitaev model in those systems. We examine the recent experimental observations of candidate materials with Co2+ ions: e.g., CoPS3, Na3Co2SbO6, and Na2Co2TeO6, followed by a brief review of theoretical backgrounds. We conclude this article by comparing experimental observations with density functional theory calculations. We stress the importance of inter-t 2g hopping channels and Hund’s coupling in the realization of Kitaev interactions in Co-based compounds, which has been overlooked in previous studies. This review suggests future directions in the search for Kitaev physics in 3d cobalt compounds and beyond.

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30

KHIM, Seunghyun. "Brief Introduction to Single Crystal Growth Techniques." Physics and High Technology 31, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/phit.31.015.

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Анотація:

This article aims to introduce several synthesis methods to grow single-crystalline samples, which are widely used in experimental condensed matter physics studies. In order to understand the crystal growth in high-temperature melts, the concept of congruent/incongruent melting is explained based on a binary phase diagram. Then principles and practices of the Czochralski, flux-growth, and floating-zone growth methods are described. In addition, the chemical vapor transport method is briefly mentioned.

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31

D'Errico, C., S. Scaffidi Abbate, and G. Modugno. "Quantum phase slips: from condensed matter to ultracold quantum gases." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2108 (October 30, 2017): 20160425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0425.

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Анотація:

Quantum phase slips (QPS) are the primary excitations in one-dimensional superfluids and superconductors at low temperatures. They have been well characterized in most condensed-matter systems, and signatures of their existence have been recently observed in superfluids based on quantum gases too. In this review, we briefly summarize the main results obtained on the investigation of phase slips from superconductors to quantum gases. In particular, we focus our attention on recent experimental results of the dissipation in one-dimensional Bose superfluids flowing along a shallow periodic potential, which show signatures of QPS. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Breakdown of ergodicity in quantum systems: from solids to synthetic matter’.

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32

SCHÖNE, WOLF-DIETER. "ONE- AND TWO-PARTICLE PHENOMENA IN THE ELECTRONIC LIFETIMES IN METALS: QUASIPARTICLES AND TRANSIENT EXCITONS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 17, no. 30 (December 10, 2003): 5655–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979203023367.

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Анотація:

The experimental and theoretical investigation of the lifetime of excited electrons is of great importance for a variety of different fields in condensed matter physics. In this review two distinct classes of processes are discussed, which determine the lifetime of excited electrons in crystalline systems. One class is single-particle processes, which in many cases is able to describe the decay of excited electrons. For systems with weakly correlated electrons the state-of-the-art method is the solution of the Dyson equation using the GW approximation for the electronic self-energy. If applicable this approach leads to very good results. However, many of the experimental studies about the lifetime of excited electrons have been done using time-resolved two-photon photoemission spectroscopy utilizing ultrashort laser pulses. This technique, applied to materials with localized d electrons, can lead to the creation of bound, excitonic-like states in metals on a very short time scale, which are beyond the physics described in the single-particle approach. In this review the experimental evidence for both mechanisms is given and the theoretical tools to describe them are discussed. Furthermore, theoretical results are presented and compared to experimentally available data.

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33

Weidemann, Sebastian, Mark Kremer, Stefano Longhi, and Alexander Szameit. "Topological triple phase transition in non-Hermitian Floquet quasicrystals." Nature 601, no. 7893 (January 19, 2022): 354–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04253-0.

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AbstractPhase transitions connect different states of matter and are often concomitant with the spontaneous breaking of symmetries. An important category of phase transitions is mobility transitions, among which is the well known Anderson localization1, where increasing the randomness induces a metal–insulator transition. The introduction of topology in condensed-matter physics2–4 lead to the discovery of topological phase transitions and materials as topological insulators5. Phase transitions in the symmetry of non-Hermitian systems describe the transition to on-average conserved energy6 and new topological phases7–9. Bulk conductivity, topology and non-Hermitian symmetry breaking seemingly emerge from different physics and, thus, may appear as separable phenomena. However, in non-Hermitian quasicrystals, such transitions can be mutually interlinked by forming a triple phase transition10. Here we report the experimental observation of a triple phase transition, where changing a single parameter simultaneously gives rise to a localization (metal–insulator), a topological and parity–time symmetry-breaking (energy) phase transition. The physics is manifested in a temporally driven (Floquet) dissipative quasicrystal. We implement our ideas via photonic quantum walks in coupled optical fibre loops11. Our study highlights the intertwinement of topology, symmetry breaking and mobility phase transitions in non-Hermitian quasicrystalline synthetic matter. Our results may be applied in phase-change devices, in which the bulk and edge transport and the energy or particle exchange with the environment can be predicted and controlled.

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34

Eggers, H. C. "Mathematics of complexity in experimental high energy physics." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 338, no. 1-2 (July 2004): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2004.02.019.

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35

Bandyopadhyay, Ranjini, and Jürgen Horbach. "Soft matter research in India." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 34, no. 9 (December 9, 2021): 090402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/ac3d53.

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Abstract Research on soft matter and biological physics has grown tremendously in India over the past decades. In this editorial, we summarize the twenty-three research papers that were contributed to the special issue on Soft matter research in India. The papers in this issue highlight recent exciting advances in this rapidly expanding research area and include theoretical studies and numerical simulations of soft and biological systems, the synthesis and characterization of novel, functional soft materials and experimental investigations of their complex flow behaviours.

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36

LAMBERT, DAVID E., D. SCOTT STEWART, SUNHEE YOO, and BRADLEY L. WESCOTT. "Experimental validation of detonation shock dynamics in condensed explosives." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 546, no. -1 (December 21, 2005): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112005007160.

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37

Kavokine, Nikita, Roland R. Netz, and Lydéric Bocquet. "Fluids at the Nanoscale: From Continuum to Subcontinuum Transport." Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 53, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 377–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-071320-095958.

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Nanofluidics has firmly established itself as a new field in fluid mechanics, as novel properties have been shown to emerge in fluids at the nanometric scale. Thanks to recent developments in fabrication technology, artificial nanofluidic systems are now being designed at the scale of biological nanopores. This ultimate step in scale reduction has pushed the development of new experimental techniques and new theoretical tools, bridging fluid mechanics, statistical mechanics, and condensed matter physics. This review is intended as a toolbox for fluids at the nanometer scale. After presenting the basic equations that govern fluid behavior in the continuum limit, we show how these equations break down and new properties emerge in molecular-scale confinement. A large number of analytical estimates and physical arguments are given to organize the results and different limits.

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38

Meakin, Paul, and Arne T. Skjeltorp. "Application of experimental and numerical models to the physics of multiparticle systems." Advances in Physics 42, no. 1 (February 1993): 1–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00018739300101464.

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39

Greene, Richard L., Pampa R. Mandal, Nicholas R. Poniatowski, and Tarapada Sarkar. "The Strange Metal State of the Electron-Doped Cuprates." Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics 11, no. 1 (March 10, 2020): 213–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031119-050558.

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An understanding of the high-temperature copper oxide (cuprate) superconductors has eluded the physics community for over thirty years and represents one of the greatest unsolved problems in condensed matter physics. Particularly enigmatic is the normal state from which superconductivity emerges, so much so that this phase has been dubbed a “strange metal.” In this article, we review recent research into this strange metallic state as realized in the electron-doped cuprates with a focus on their transport properties. The electron-doped compounds differ in several ways from their more thoroughly studied hole-doped counterparts, and understanding these asymmetries of the phase diagram may prove crucial to developing a final theory of the cuprates. Most of the experimental results discussed in this review have yet to be explained and remain an outstanding challenge for theory.

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40

SEBASTIANI, DANIEL. "AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS OF NMR PARAMETERS IN CONDENSED PHASES." Modern Physics Letters B 17, no. 25 (October 30, 2003): 1301–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984903006372.

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We review the development of electronic structure methods for the calculation of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) properties in condensed matter over the last years. The key element is the extension of well-established approaches for the calculation of magnetic linear response to extended systems which are described under periodic boundary conditions. So far, two implementations have emerged which enable the calculation of NMR parameters within density functional theory in a pseudopotential plane wave scheme. We present the theoretical basis of the methods, further recent developments and a variety of selected applications. These applications are accompanied by comparisons with solid-state NMR experiments, exhibiting the strong impact of the symbiotic combination of high-level ab-initio calculations with experimental research.

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41

RABINOWITZ, MARIO. "CLUSTER-IMPACT FUSION: NEW PHYSICS OR EXPERIMENTAL ERROR." Modern Physics Letters B 04, no. 10 (May 20, 1990): 665–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984990000830.

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Deuteron-deuteron cluster-impact fusion at ~100 eV was demonstrated by Beuhler et al. Their results are analyzed to reduce a discrepancy which they note to be "more than 10 orders of magnitude". By their method of calculation, it is found to be 25 orders of magnitude, of which 10 orders of magnitude can be accounted for by compression and electron screening. Analysis is presented to show that the remaining 15 orders of magnitude discrepancy cannot reasonably be resolved by electron screening and proximity (degree of compression), or experimental errors in cluster energy and/or size.

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42

LYONS, K. B., and J. F. DILLON. "OPTICAL PROBES OF ANYON PHYSICS: EXPERIMENTAL STATUS REPORT." International Journal of Modern Physics B 05, no. 10 (June 1991): 1523–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979291001449.

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A complete review is given of polar Kerr rotation measurements on samples of superconducting cuprates and related materials. We discuss the details of the experimental technique we have employed to discriminate against linear polarization effects, and we compare our results to those of related experiments, We show that there are possible ways to reconcile all of the experimental data available at this time, and we suggest additional crucial experiments needed to make progress towards a definitive identification of the origin of the effect.

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43

Collin, E. "Mesoscopic quantum thermo-mechanics: A new frontier of experimental physics." AVS Quantum Science 4, no. 2 (June 2022): 020501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/5.0086059.

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In the last decade, experimentalists have demonstrated their impressive ability to control mechanical modes within mesoscopic objects down to the quantum level: it is now possible to create mechanical Fock states, to entangle mechanical modes from distinct objects, and to store quantum information or transfer it from one quantum bit to another, among the many possibilities found in today's literature. Indeed, mechanics is quantum, very much like spins or electromagnetic degrees of freedom; and all of this is, in particular, referred to as a new engineering resource for quantum technologies. However, there is also much more beyond this utilitarian aspect: invoking the original discussions of Braginsky and Caves, where a quantum oscillator is thought of as a quantum detector for a classical field, namely, a gravitational wave, which is also a unique sensing capability for quantum fields. The subject of study is then the baths to which the mechanical mode is coupled to, let them be known or unknown in nature. This Perspective is about this new potentiality that addresses stochastic thermodynamics, potentially down to its quantum version, the search for a fundamental underlying (random) field postulated in recent theories that can be affiliated to the class of the wave-function collapse models, and more generally open questions of condensed matter like the actual nature of the elusive (and ubiquitous) two-level systems present within all mechanical objects. However, such research turns out to be much more demanding than the use of a few quantum mechanical modes: all the known baths have to be identified, experiments have to be conducted in-equilibrium, and the word “mechanics” needs to be justified by a real ability to move substantially the center-of-mass when a proper drive tone is applied to the system.

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44

KIM, Kee Hoon, Sung Wng KIM, Jun Sung KIM, Keeseong PARK, Yoon Seok OH, Jong Mok OK, Ki Moon LEE, et al. "Recent Research Activities of Single-crystal Growth Groups in Korea." Physics and High Technology 31, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/phit.31.017.

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Single crystal growth research is the first step of experimental studies in condensed matter physics. Various new phenomena have been discovered in high-quality single crystalline materials, which was otherwise hidden in their polycrystalline form. In this article, we review recent research activities of single crystal growth groups in Korea. These activities cover a wide range of materials from epitaxial crystal of single-element metal to naturally-heterostructured crystals, which exhibit facinating properties and functionalites including strong oxidation resistance, superconductivity, multiferroics, quantum magnetism, and topological properties.

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45

Ingold, Gerhard, Rafael Abela, Christopher Arrell, Paul Beaud, Pirmin Böhler, Marco Cammarata, Yunpei Deng, et al. "Experimental station Bernina at SwissFEL: condensed matter physics on femtosecond time scales investigated by X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic methods." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 26, no. 3 (April 15, 2019): 874–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160057751900331x.

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The Bernina instrument at the SwissFEL Aramis hard X-ray free-electron laser is designed for studying ultrafast phenomena in condensed matter and material science. Ultrashort pulses from an optical laser system covering a large wavelength range can be used to generate specific non-equilibrium states, whose subsequent temporal evolution can be probed by selective X-ray scattering techniques in the range 2–12 keV. For that purpose, the X-ray beamline is equipped with optical elements which tailor the X-ray beam size and energy, as well as with pulse-to-pulse diagnostics that monitor the X-ray pulse intensity, position, as well as its spectral and temporal properties. The experiments can be performed using multiple interchangeable endstations differing in specialization, diffractometer and X-ray analyser configuration and load capacity for specialized sample environment. After testing the instrument in a series of pilot experiments in 2018, regular user operation begins in 2019.

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46

Stepanov, Serge V. "In Memory of Vsevolod M. Byakov." Radioelectronics. Nanosystems. Information Technologies. 14, no. 1 (April 12, 2022): 99–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17725/rensit.2022.14.099.

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Information is presented about the deceased Vsevolod Mikhailovich Byakov - Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor, Leading Researcher, Advisor to the Director for Research at the Alikhanov Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NRC "Kurchatov Institute" Moscow), a prominent specialist in the field of radiation chemistry of condensed matter: basic biographical data, education at the Faculty of Physics of Lomonosov Moscow State University, work at the Alikhanov ITEP (Moscow), Ph.D. and doctoral dissertations (Physical and Mathematical Sciences), authorship of more than 300 scientific papers in scientific journals and three books, membership in scientific councils, participation and organization of Russian and international conferences and seminars, editing in scientific journals, management doctoral and candidate dissertations.

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47

Liu, Shaojie, Chenhui Lu, Zhengquan Fan, Shixiang Wang, Peiyan Li, Xinhou Chen, Jun Pan, Yong Xu, Yi Liu, and Xiaojun Wu. "Modulated terahertz generation in femtosecond laser plasma filaments by high-field spintronic terahertz pulses." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 17 (April 25, 2022): 172404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0080234.

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Strong-field terahertz (THz) light-matter interaction provides various nonlinear control approaches in condensed matter physics, energy and material sciences, electron acceleration, and manipulation. Recently developed spintronic THz emission with minimum complexities has been demonstrated to have the capability for generating high field strengths. Up to now, nonlinear applications based on the spintronic THz transients have yet been realized. Here, we report THz emission from two-color femtosecond laser plasma filaments modulated by a 60-kV/cm THz pulse from W/CoFeB/Pt heterostructures. Enhanced THz radiation based on electron acceleration in plasma is recorded when the direction of the spintronic THz modulating field is in line with that of the electron movement. This behavior is quantitatively reproduced by a local current model of the plasma THz source. Our experimental and theoretical results may inspire further nonlinear THz investigation and accelerate ultrafast THz engineering in matter.

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48

RAMANAUSKAS, Virginijus, Egidijus PUIDA, Gintautas MILIAUSKAS, and Linas PAUKŠTAITIS. "Experimental Investigation of Water Droplet Heating in Humidified Air Flow." Mechanics 25, no. 6 (December 4, 2019): 434–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.25.6.23795.

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The droplet heat and mass transfer processes are important for liquid spraying technologies, which were investigated when applying the theoretical and numerical modelling and experimental methods. In this work, results of experimental research on the heating of water droplets in purified biofuel flue gas were presented and analyzed. In experimental investigation, the purified biofuel flue gas is replaced by additionally humidified airflow. The experiment methods and results processing are discussed and provided. Impact of air heating and additional humidification was estimated. While heating and additionally humidifying the air flow was focused on boundary conditions in condense economizers, when the flue gas temperature is 20-100°C and water vapor volume fraction is 0-0.2.

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49

Editors, ITER Physics Basis, ITER Physics Expert Group Chairs an Co-Chairs, and ITER Joint Central Team and Physics Unit. "Chapter 9: Opportunities for reactor scale experimental physics." Nuclear Fusion 39, no. 12 (December 1999): 2627–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/39/12/309.

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50

Bian, Guang, and Tay-Rong Chang. "Recent Advances in Novel Topological Materials." Crystals 10, no. 2 (February 7, 2020): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10020094.

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Ever since the experimental discovery of the first 2D and 3D topological insulators, there have been intense emerging worldwide research activities in searching for and identifying new topological phases of condensed matter [...]

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