Дисертації з теми "Existing city"

Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. "June 2018."
Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis explores the perspectives and development needs of Afro Colombian communities in Buenaventura, Colombia. These perspectives and needs are used to analyze a megaproject proposed for the city, known as the Economic Activities Complex of Buenaventura (CAEB). I argue that in order for the CAEB project to improve social and economic conditions within the municipality, its structure and implementation will have to look beyond macro economic growth and private sector profits to integrate community based knowledge and create real benefits for the local population. Based on this argument, I offer recommendations for strategic policy, programmatic and project based responses to the challenges for realizing the project's mission.
by Tatianna Echevarria.
M.C.P.

In this master thesis, a methodology is proposed for building stock classification and archetype building development based on deterministic information available in Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs) of existing buildings in the city of Uppsala.This study aims to answer if the EPC database can be used as a reliable data source for archetype development and further UBEM models.The EPC data is cleaned and organised using Matlab. The building stock is then categorised into archetypes by energy performance and building characteristics and a model of each archetype building is created in the software EnergyPlus.The South-West part of Uppsala is used as a case study and to represent the building stock of that area 20 archetypes is developed. Simulations in EnergyPlus shows that the defined archetypes is a reliable estimation of buildings in Sweden with the same characteristics and construction period.By using GIS data the results can be aggregated to city level with the resulting total energy demand for heating calculated to 1455,7 GWh, compared to the actual value of 1397,0 GWh.The lack of validation data on a smaller scale is a large issue for this study, as well as some issues with data reliability in the EPCs. Despite this, the results of this study points to that the gathered values are a decent enough estimate to make a reliable assumption of the total energy demand for heating. The EPCs thus provide a useful source of data for energy demand purposes and building characteristics.

The intent of my thesis is to find a way to integrate a large big-box retailer into a community in such a way that it benefits the community as a whole. This must be accomplished within the parameters that mark the store as a viable option for the parent company as well. This ideal must be approached from the philosophy that box stores are a large part of the current American way of life and to let them grow unchecked will signal the inevitable death of downtown retail districts as more and more business gets sucked to the super-stores and the areas immediately surrounding them. To do this we will need to find what benefits a box-store can add to a community and further research and rethink the typically negative aspects of these retail giants to find a way to incorporate them into our downtown shopping districts, without destroying their original feel. With this thesis, it is my intent to create a viable model that allows box stores to act as anchors and catalysts for a downtown area (either existing or built) rather than its death knell. To do this I will be rethinking a number of design strategies with the seamless integration of community and big-box retail in mind. To this end, I will not be acting to simply find a way to add a box-store and its typical trappings to the end of historic downtown street, but rather to find away to integrate a set of large box stores into a downtown community in such a way that benefits the citizens of that community on every designable level. I will be challenging not only the typical design strategies of a box store, but those of a typical downtown community as well. Seven major design strategies will be looked at during this project, they are: 1. Design for a diversity of use and users 2. Design a safe and secure streetscape that will encourage use. 3. Design a streetscape that accommodates pedestrians as equals with vehicle traffic. 4. Design a destination, not just a path. 5. Design it well. 6. Balance supply with demand. 7. Use aesthetics as an integration tool. With these design strategies, a box store can become an integral part of a downtown community ... or at least a much better alternative to the rampant sprawl that occurs with their current implementation strategy.

The retail sector is a major contributor to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the UK and is one of the world’s most competitive industries. Its development in the UK has seen it expand dramatically and these changes are of particular significance in regard to retailers in traditional town and city centres. The publication of the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) in 2012 set out the government’s objectives for town centres. The key strategies from the paper were to promote their vitality and viability by planning for their growth and development as well as promoting and enhancing existing centres. The main focus of the policy however was to promote a ‘town centre first’ approach in regards to new retail development. Liverpool is one of many UK cities who have recently experienced a new inner-city retail development built alongside existing inner-city retail areas, in particular, through the building of Liverpool One. Opened in 2008, Liverpool One was built to not only offer a new retail experience in the city, alongside the established inner-city retail areas, but to also enhance the existing city centre retail areas through retail-led regeneration. The overall aim of this research is to examine the impacts that have arisen in regard to the opening of Liverpool One in particular, the impacts that this new retail development has had on the already established inner-city retail areas. A mixed methods approach was adopted; a questionnaire was developed to investigate existing retailers’ sales levels and vacancy rates and changes of occupation were measured using Goad maps. Semi-structured interviews were also carried out with existing inner-city shopping centre managers. The findings of the research suggest that the opening of Liverpool One impacted on existing retailers and shopping centres through a loss in annual sales, alterations in footfall patterns, fluctuations in vacancy rates, and changes in occupation of retail space. However, the scale of impact varied between retail areas within the city centre and the economic recession at the time of the study may have also been a contributing factor to these findings. This research informed the development of a set of recommendations to be used as a possible industry tool when incorporating a new regional inner-city shopping centre into an existing town or city centre.

Norra Djurgårdsstaden is the largest ongoing construction project in Sweden and is planned to be completed in 2030. The city district is situated in north-eastern Stockholm, in a former industrial area where approximately 12 000 new homes and 35 000 workplaces are planned. The city district focuses strongly on reducing energy consumption and the negative impacts on the environment. One idea for realizing this goal is to implement coordinated freight logistics. This can be accomplished by building a consolidation centre where goods from different logistics companies and freight carriers can be loaded together on the same delivery vehicles and then be delivered in the same area in Norra Djurgårdsstaden.   The purpose of this master thesis is to evaluate five earlier evaluation reports on consolidation centres. Based on these evaluation reports and other relevant literature, it is recommended how a coordinated freight logistic project should be organized in Norra Djurgårdsstaden and how the impact on the environment and energy consumption should be calculated. The evaluation reports are from the logistic centre in the Old Town of Stockholm, the pilot project Samlic in Linköping, the urban consolidation centre in Norwich, the micro-consolidation centre in London and several urban logistic practices in Utrecht. A thorough comparative analysis of the five different evaluation reports has looked at the initiators and the stakeholders, the delivery situation before and after the implementation of the consolidation centre as well as done a deeper evaluation analysis of all the evaluation reports. The comparative analysis showed that the consolidation centres have had a positive effect on decreasing the number of delivery vehicles in the city district and thereby reducing the emissions and the energy consumption from the delivery vehicles.   Based on the comparative analysis and other literature it is suggested that the initiative to build a consolidation centre in Norra Djurgårdsstaden has to come from the City of Stockholm. The stakeholders should be the City of Stockholm, logistics companies, freight companies, the different businesses in the area and the Ports of Stockholm. To encourage even more businesses to have deliveries from the consolidation centre and get more environmentally friendly delivery vehicles in the city district it might be necessary to use several management control instruments. Examples of control instruments are environmental zones, time windows and implement different restrictions on the delivery vehicles. It is essential to gather information about the delivery vehicles in the city district to estimate emissions and the energy consumption. The collection of data from the delivery vehicles can be gathered from consignment notes, driver notes, invoice data or statistics of the number of vehicles that have delivered goods in the city centre from freight and logistics companies. Then the delivery vehicles impact on energy consumption and the environment can be estimated with the computer tool Network of transports and environment (NTM-method).
Norra Djurgårdsstaden är det största pågående byggprojektet i Sverige och är planerat att slutföras under 2030. Stadsdelen ligger i nordöstra Stockholm, i ett före detta industriområde där cirka 12 000 nya bostäder och 35 000 arbetsplatser är planerade att byggas. Stadsdelen har ett starkt fokus på att minska miljöeffekterna och påverkan av energianvändningen. En av idéerna för att uppfylla detta är att införa samordnad varulogistik. Detta kan göras genom att bygga ett logistikcenter där gods från olika logistikföretag och godstransportörer kan lastas på samma leveransfordon och sedan levereras inom samma område i Norra Djurgårdsstaden.   Syftet med detta examensarbete är att utvärdera fem tidigare utvärderingsrapporter om logistikcenter. Med hjälp av dessa utvärderingsrapporter och annan litteratur ges det förslag på hur ett projekt inom samordnad varulogistik kan organiseras i Norra Djurgårdsstaden och hur miljöpåverkan och energiförbrukning från leveransfordonen kan beräknas. Utvärderingsrapporterna kommer från logistikcentret i Gamla Stan i Stockholm, pilotprojektet Samlic i Linköping, logistikcentret i Norwich, mikro-logistikcentret i London och olika logistikmetoder i Utrecht. En noggrann jämförande analys av de fem olika utvärderingsrapporterna har undersökt initiativtagare och intressenter, leveranssituationerna före och efter uppförandet av logistikcentren samt gjort en fördjupad utvärderingsanalys av samtliga utvärderingsrapporter. Den jämförande analysen visar att införandet av logistikcenter har haft en positiv effekt för att minska antalet leveransfordon i stadsdelen och därmed inneburit minskade utsläpp och lägre energianvändning för leveransfordonen.   Baserad på den komparativa analysen och annan litteratur föreslås det att initiativet i Norra Djurgårdsstaden måste komma från Stockholms stad. Intressenterna bör vara Stockholms Stad, logistikföretag, godstransportörer, de olika företagen i området och Stockholms Hamnar. För att få fler företag att använda logistikcentret samt att få miljövänligare leveransfordon i stadsdelen kan det vara nödvändigt att använda flera styrmedel. Exempel på styrmedel är miljözoner, tidsfönster och att införa olika begränsningar på leveransfordon. Det är väsentligt att samla information om leveransfordonen i stadsdelen för att beräkna utsläpp och energianvändning. Insamlingen av data från leveransfordon kan hämtas från fraktsedlar, fakturaunderlag eller statistik över antalet fordon som har levererat varor i stadsdelen från frakt-och logistikföretag. Då kan miljö- och energieffekterna från leveransfordonen beräknas med dataverktyget Nätverket för transporter och miljö (NTM-metoden).

Due to considerations for sustainable development and urban sprawl we have to address the growing concern of abandoned buildings and cities. Underutilised buildings and urban spaces are the development sites of the future. This dissertation investigates the problems of underutilised buildings and cities, and by doing so aims to contribute to a good urban environment, “the good city” according to Stern (2003: 21). As a further challenge, many of these underutilised buildings were designed with abrupt thresholds and inward orientation, instantly divorcing them from the public domain. Therefore not only is the re-use of an existing building explored, but is the extension of the public realm into the building also investigated. The project addresses this extension of the public realm through layering as a tool and a design generator. The layered tectonic is applied through spatial, componential, material and transitional layering. The building chosen for the dissertation is the old Pretoria Central Fire Station. The new proposed programme is a Centre for Architecture. Site information: Programme: Centre for Architecture: includes exhibition space, auditorium, conference facilities, offices, library, archives, bookshop and restaurant. Site description: Old Pretoria Central Fire Station, 1912 Client: Client body consisting of SACAP and voluntary associations within the architecture profession Users: Professionals and students in the Built Environment industry, tourists and the general public Site Location: Erven 913 + 914 Address: 449 Bosman Street, c/o Minnaar Street, Pretoria CBD, South Africa Between African Window and City Hall GPS coordinates: 25°45’12.99”S, 28°11’8.61”E
Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Architecture
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The diploma thesis Multifunctional Culture Centre ‘Creative City’ Brno deals with the architectural study of rebuilding and extension of the former prison building in Bratislavská and Soudní street in Brno for cultural, social and commercial purposes. The project includes a new use of the existing building for creative industries, commercial activities and services. There are apartments in the new extension. The parking places are situated below the ground level in the northern part of the complex. The building complex creates a pleasant environment contributing the creativity.

Adaptiveve [re]use is a process that makes use of the principles of [re]duce, [re]use and [re]cycle, often giving products an extended lifespan not initially associated with the original function. Environmentally adaptive [re]use makes sense as the embodied energy of the host building is [re]tained opposed to the amount of energy [re]quired to construct an entirely new building. The purpose of the urban group framework was to increase density within the city and provide a wider range of commercial, social and cultural activities that take place in a 24 hour cycle. Another aim was to [re]store existing buildings within the city, [re]juvenating the area and its surrounds. The design strategy of this thesis was to investigate how new interventions could be in contrast to the existing building. This was achieved by allowing new structures to be read differently from the host building. The contrasting use of materials and construction technologies [re]sulted in an architectural language of “lightness”, allowing new components to be sensitively inserted into the existing building. Additionally the design strategy included the exploration of layering and place making. Layering involved the preservation of the original building’s form and identity, while new structures are layered over the existing in order to create new spaces. Place making was achieved by adding new hanging structures to the northern and southern façade in turn articulating new functional spaces. All new adaptations and interventions are constructed in such a manner so as not to hamper the flexibility and future adaptability of the building.
Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Architecture
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I dagsläget består Stockholm city mestadels av kontor och handel vilket innebär att det blir folktomt kvällstid. För att göra innerstaden mer levande behövs en stadsdel med blandade funktioner där människor rör sig samt både bor och arbetar. Den grundfunktion som i dagsläget saknas i denna del av Stockholm är bostäder. Ett problem med att förse City med fler bostäder är dock tillgång till markyta då området redan är så pass exploaterat. I arbetet undersöks det om City kan göras till en funktionsblandad och mer levande stadsdel genom att förse området med fler bostäder. Med anledning av den begränsade tillgången till markyta i stadsdelen undersöks alternativet att bygga bostäder på befintliga byggnader. Arbetet visar ett förslag för påbyggnad av bostäder på tak i City samt undersöker förutsättningarna för detta. Påbyggnaden görs på en befintlig byggnad och ska genom sin utformning spegla en god boendemiljö samt samspela med den omgivande bebyggelsen. Förslaget omfattar ett taklandskap med bostäder i form av parhus och utevistelseytor. Att föra in fler bostäder genom påbyggnation av befintlig bebyggelse i City är en lämplig och generellt tillämpbar lösning med anledning av stadsdelens och bebyggelsens förutsättningar.
Stockholm City is currently well composed in the aspect of commercial and public service. A consequence to this is a desolated City during the late night. A requirement to accomplish a more living inner city is a satisfying combination of functions whereas people are in motion between the home, work and other social activities. The main function missing today in City is habitats. A problem with supplying more accommodations in City is however the limited asset of ground area due to exploitation. In this thesis research is made whether it is possible to transform City into a mixed-function and thereby urban living area. With reference to the limited asset of ground area aswell as the opportunity to preserve the existing qualities that occupy these areas, a research is conducted for the purpose of more residential buildings with the method of expansion of existing buildings. The result of this thesis is a proposition for residential buildings on roof tops in City and the requirements for such project are being analyzed. The additional building is added to a specific building and by its shaping reflects a good residential environment and a design appropriate to the surrounding built-up area. The proposal consists of a rooftop landscape with eight pairs of houses. To insert accommodations throughout expansion of existing buildings generally is applicable in City and therefore an adequate solution to the problem considering the problems in the area.

MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture; and, (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1981.
Bibliography: leaves 173-176.
by James Rutherford Richardson, IV.

Background: Breastfeeding is a tremendously important public health topic. Breastfeeding is associated with a myriad of health benefits on nearly all levels within the social ecological model (infants, mothers, families, workplaces, communities and societies). Scientific evidence supports that breastfeeding is associated with decreased obesity and other very costly health conditions that occur across the lifespan. The World Health Organization published 10 guidelines that comprise the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative [BFHI] standards—which identify birthing facility-level elements that are associated with enhanced breastfeeding adoption rates. Methods: The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which birthing facilities in Atlanta incorporate BFHI elements. Lactation policies among hospitals in the City of Atlanta with maternity wards were solicited, reviewed, and rated by two independent reviewers. Additional observations about environmental supports for breastfeeding were also noted. Results: Four out of 5 eligible hospitals provided their lactation policies for review (80%). Eight of out 10 BFHI elements were present in the 4 hospital policies. One element not present was distribution of reinforcing/educational materials to new mothers—although it was evident in an appendix. Another element that was not clearly stated in one policy was which states that breastfeeding initiation should occur within the first half hour after birth. Observations by reviewers included that ¾ (75%) of study sample were in the midst of drafting new policies. Another note was that ¾ (75%) of study sample was supported by a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)/National Initiative for Children’s Healthcare Quality (NICHQ) effort—Best Fed Beginnings. Conclusions: This study is important as it addresses an unexplored question. Establishing such a baseline reveals that while nearly all the BFHI elements are present within the participating City of Atlanta hospitals, the administrative barriers that pursuit of BFHI accreditation poses should be considered. Given the fact that no hospital in Georgia has BFHI accreditation underscores an important new direction for public health researchers’ attention.

On a national scale, statistics relating to moving patterns shows that youths and young adults are the ones who tend to move the most. The case in Västerbotten is similar as in the rest of Sweden and many municipalities are experiencing a population decline. This thesis aims to look into the motives behind moving from the perspective of youths and young adults and through that propose a strategy to strengthen the place attachment youths and young adults feel to their home municipality. The research is centered around Lycksele in Västerbotten. The research questions that the thesis aims to seek answers for are; What could an architectural strategy that aims to support youths in their leisure time and also strengthen their connection to the area look like? and What programmatic aspects are important to consider in such a strategy? The thesis investigates spatial needs from the perspective of youths and young adults which have been investigated through literature studies and action based research focused on interviews and a workshop. Four themes were common in both interviews and the workshop, these were; closeness to nature, possibility of work, valuable leisure time and a sense of home. To understand how an urban strategy can respond to the themes, strategies applied in other municipalities have been analysed. A finding was that in order for strategies to attract more inhabitants, they need to have a holistic approach and offer a complete lifestyle. Creativity is a theme which came up during interviews and literature studies as a possible platform around which an area can become considered as more attractive. The proposal is an urban strategy which aims to respond to the common themes from interviews and the workshop by enhancing and encouraging activities taking place and activating social space. This proposal suggests a strategy which aims to strengthen the notion of sense of place to enhance place attachment and through that possibly invite more young adults to move back in the future.

Le rôle crucial de la ville existante, par rapport au taux de croissance de la population urbaine et à sa valeur historique, architecturale et fonctionnelle, nous confronte à la nécessité de développer de nouvelles pratiques pour la requalification énergétique du tissu urbain déjà construit.L’études d'ONU-Habitat ont montré que le taux d'augmentation du CO2 et l'effet d'îlot de chaleur urbain sont deux des principaux problèmes déterminant le changement climatique sur notre planète. Le tissu urbain, en tant que produit fabriqué par l'homme et système complexe qui absorbe l'énergie et la transforme, est l'élément le plus influent dans ces deux dynamiques. En particulier, les énormes dépenses d'énergie et l'utilisation disproportionnée de sources d'énergie non renouvelables dans la ville sont considérées comme les principaux facteurs de la manifestation des conséquences climatiques. En particulier, le patrimoine de la ville consolidée, souvent soumis à une protection architecturale et à des contraintes réglementaires strictes, représente une composante de l'organisme urbain particulièrement influente dans l'équilibre global, et nécessite donc des actions de requalification énergétique attentives et opportunes.Bien que de nombreuses études scientifiques aient montré la nécessité d'adopter des approches systémiques, les politiques globales actuelles de gestion de la consommation d'énergie de la ville existante se concentrent principalement sur l'efficacité énergétique à micro-échelle, pour un seul bâtiment. Aujourd'hui est donc extrêmement nécessaire un changement de paradigme dans la gestion des interventions énergétiques à travers une logique interdisciplinaire. Cependant, on connaît mal la relation entre la morphologie urbaine, le microclimat et le bilan énergétique à l'échelle du quartier.Le travail suivant, sur le plan théorique, en analysant notamment les études réalisées par l'Institut de Morphologie Urbaine de Paris, le Senseable city lab du MIT de Boston et le City energy lab de Séoul, vise à mettre en évidence la relation entre les paramètres morphologiques, climatiques et énergétiques à l'échelle locale, afin d'identifier des critères valables d'intervention dans la ville existante.Sur cette base, le travail établit une méthodologie d'intervention rendue opérationnelle par la définition d'un projet de requalification énergétique d'une partie de la ville fortement caractérisée d'un point de vue historique, architectural et morphologique : la Cité Jardin. Ce dernier, suite également aux récents événements liés à la pandémie de CoVid-19, fait l'objet d'une revalorisation émergente, non seulement pour sa qualité sociale mais aussi pour ses caractéristiques fonctionnelles et spatiales.L'accent sera mis spécifiquement sur deux cas de cités-jardins situées dans les régions métropolitaines de Paris et de Rome : la cité jardin du Pré-Saint-Gervais (1927-31, 1932-34 et 1947-52) et la cité jardin Aniene (1919-24).La méthodologie, définie à travers l'étude, l'analyse et la systématisation de la littérature considérée, est testée sur deux cas applicatifs dans le but de fournir une stratégie de conception orientée vers la résilience du tissu urbain à travers la réduction de la consommation d'énergie et l'atténuation des problèmes microclimatiques qui lui sont liés
The nodal role played by the existing city, in relation to the rate of growth of the urbanized population and the historical-architectural and functional value, confronts us with the need to develop new practices of energy requalification of the already built urban fabric.As demonstrated by the UN-Habitat agency, the rate of increase of CO2 and the urban heat island effect are two of the main problems determining the climate change of our planet. The urban fabric, as an anthropogenic product and a complex system that absorbs energy and transforms it, is the most influential element on both dynamics. In particular, the huge energy consumption and the disproportionate use of non-renewable energy sources within the city are considered the main factors in the manifestation of climate consequences. In particular, the building heritage of the consolidated city represents a component of the urban organism particularly influential in the overall budget, and therefore requires careful and timely actions of energy rehabilitation.Although many scientific studies have found the need to adopt systemic approaches, the current global policies for the management of energy consumption of the existing city are mainly focused on lines of action concerning energy efficiency at the micro-scale, that of the individual building. To date, it is necessary a paradigm shift in the management of energy-environmental interventions, using an interdisciplinary logic. However, little is known about the relationship between urban morphology, microclimate, and energy balance at the scale of the neighborhood.The following work, on a theoretical level, analyzing the studies carried out by the Urban Morphology Institute of Paris, the Senseable city lab of MIT in Boston and the City energy lab of Seoul, aims to highlight the relationship between morphological, climatic and energy parameters at the local scale, in order to identify valid criteria for intervention on the existing city.On this basis, the work establishes a methodology of intervention made operational by the definition of a project of energy redevelopment of a piece of city strongly characterized from the historical, architectural, and morphological point of view: that of the Garden City. The latter, even after the recent vicissitudes related to the CoVid-19 pandemic, is the subject of an emerging revaluation, even before for its social quality, for functional and spatial characters.The design focus will be conducted specifically on two cases of garden cities located in the metropolitan areas of Paris and Rome: the cité jardin du Pré-Saint-Gervais (1927-31, 1932-34 and 1947-52) and the garden city Aniene (1919-24).The methodology, defined through the study, analysis and systematization of the literature considered, is tested on two application cases with the aim of providing a design strategy oriented to the resilience of urban fabric through the reduction of energy consumption and mitigation of microclimatic problems related to it

Nowadays, we witness a crisis in the suburbs of Czech cities. Block of flats have expanded uncontrollably on the outskirts of cities and greedily bite off pieces of land. Hence this project represents a call for more proficient urban planning, rather than an architectural appeal. My main goal was to build as little as possible on the land in Kohoutovice. I believe that using free area around and above the existing supermarket can provide enough comfortable working space for everyone.

Orientador: Cláudio Silveira Amaral
Banca: Eduardo Romero de Oliveira
Banca: Fernando Guillermo Vázquez Ramos
Resumo: A pesquisa apresenta como objeto de estudo o conceito de direito à cidade e suas manifestações nos movimentos sociais urbanos contemporâneos tomando como recorte a ocupação do antigo Hotel Santos Dumont localizado na Rua Mauá número 340, no bairro da Luz na cidade de São Paulo. O direito à cidade pode ser entendido sob duas óticas diferentes entre si, no entanto, uma definição não exclui a validade da outra no contexto das disputas pelas cidades tanto no plano físico como na esfera do simbólico. A primeira destas óticas está atrelada a um recorte de acesso aos comuns urbanos, nesse sentido, é possível inserir no histórico da busca por este direito os movimentos populares por moradia, educação, mobilidade urbana, saúde, cultura, etc. Outro entendimento possível situa o direito à cidade na esfera do simbólico, e está mais ligado à origem do conceito. Embora as lutas pelo direito à cidade sejam anteriores, o termo chega ao nosso vocabulário na obra-manifesto homônima escrita pelo filósofo francês Henri Lefebvre no final da década de 1960. Em linhas gerais, para Lefebvre o direito à cidade pode ser entendido como o direito de transformarmos o espaço urbano, aproximando-o dos desejos de nossos corações.
Abstract: The research presents as an object of study the concept of the right to the city and its manifestations in contemporary urban social movements taking as a cut the occupation of the former Hotel Santos Dumont located at Rua Mauá number 340, in the neighborhood of Luz in the city of São Paulo. The right to the city can be understood from two different perspectives, but one definition does not exclude the validity of the other in the context of disputes over cities on both the physical plane and the sphere of the symbolic. The first of these optics is linked to a cut of access to urban commons, in this sense, it is possible to insert in the history of the search for this right popular movements for housing, education, urban mobility, health, culture, etc. Another possible understanding places the right to the city in the sphere of the symbolic, and is more connected to the origin of the concept. Although the struggles for the right to the city are earlier, the term comes to our vocabulary in the homonymous manifesto written by the French philosopher Henry Lefebvre in the late 1960s. In general, Lefebvre's right to the city can be understood as the right of transforming urban space, bringing it closer to the desires of our hearts.
Mestre

Slovene national theatre in the centre of Ljubljana as a part of existing city block. The composition of buildings creates new urban areas as a continuation of the urban axis of Josip Plečnik. The basic principle was to resolve the issues of entry into building, the definition and organization of space inner block, the creation and cultivation of new and existing urban areas. Unifying element of the whole composition is solution to the facade, which paraphrases the high order, typical for the surrounding buildings and significant not only for cultural buildings. As a contrast to massive and heavy mass of facade stand glass facade which makes lighter impression. White facade adds significance to the composition.

The Apollo Project investigates the recent establishment of numerous private educational institutions in the inner city of Pretoria. It identifies the need for adequate urban educational facilities and explores the use of existing buildings as schools. An existing educational cluster is identified at the eastern edge of the inner city, defined by Church, Du Toit and Pretorius Streets, and Nelson Mandela Drive. This city block and the ones surrounding it contain numerous primary, secondary and tertiary educational institutions in a predominant industrial/automotive precinct. An urban design framework is proposed for the precinct. It is envisioned that the precinct may be developed as a mixed-use urban educational campus. Within the existing city block and the urban framework proposal, the Apollo Centre, located on the corner of Church-and Du Toit Street, is selected for an adaptive re-use intervention. The proposed use is an urban primary school. The Apollo project investigates current pedagogical trends, which informed a concept that is largely defined by the idea of contextual learning within a vertical structure. Transparency and integration of education with the urban environment is at the core of the proposal. The traditional notion of horizontal education is explored in a vertical manner. The existing structure is analyzed and a position taken regarding the adaptive re-use process that informs the design. Precedent Studies include existing schools within the inner city of Pretoria as well as local and international schools. The process of converting the Apollo Centre into a primary educational facility, that shares its resources on a cross-programming basis, is explored in a series of proposals. The numerous explorations are considered in their various aspects, as well as their relationship to the whole, which then leads to a final design proposal. Key areas of the proposed Apollo Primary School will finally be resolved technically. A conclusion summarizes the author’s thoughts on the result of the project.
Mini Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Architecture
unrestricted

This diploma thesis gives a proposal for a new Moravian wine center in the city center of Brno. Wine center is situated on the street Hlinka, where grapevines were planted in the Middle Ages. Demarcated land is narrow and elongated sloping towards to the south and connects the Yellow hills and the Brno Exhibition Centre. The main idea of this thesis is connect these two significant locations and offer the visitor a free passage along the entire length of the complex. Also main building Moravian Wine Centre reflects this fact and it expands the space of the street stalls and forms it into overgrown "arcade". The house is opened into this space - with glazed facade of the first two floors or with transmission into the rear wing. The main building consist of the cellar, where it is located wellness, winehouse, rentable wine boxes and tasting room connected with wine production. The rest of floors are designed for wine gallery, information center, reception, shop, restaurant, conference center and hotel. There is a café with roof terrace in the last floor. It offers a magnificent view into cityscape of Brno, Brno Exhibition Centre and the Yellow slope of the hill. There is designed a pond for relaxation in the courtyard. Nearby is situated Wine Institute building with facilities for making wine. In the second half of the land are located three blocks of luxury apartments in the middle of a vineyard. A leading construction is the most striking feature of the facade that reminds bougainvillea vines with vaulted arches wine cellars and attracts at first sight.

碩士
亞洲大學
經營管理學系碩士班
98
Recently, the development of whole the supermarket highly influents the traditional retail market. The type of livelihood of our society changes rapidly since the science and the technology improve constantly. The urbanization pursuits the transition of the structure of the society. Hence the public traditional retailing markets have the pressure for their existence. Shopping channel no longer limited to "traditional markets" of supply, diversity of choice and consumer public consciousness. Based on above-mentioned, this research expected that the combination of theory, literature review. Data collection, analysis for 12 traditional retail markets in Taichung City. To understand the Diamond model situation in traditional retail markets through intensive interviews, and try to provided the opinions and suggestions for four of factor to attack. And try to find a more appropriate management style to the traditional retail markets will be better influence. The rage of research is focus on Traditional Retail Market, and the topic sources are relying on the literature and documents. Based on this, this study select questionnaires and intensive interviews as Research Methods. The aim of this research is boss generally higher age, lower education level and younger will be more change. Number of market stalls operating a wide range of high affect the customers will come in market public space and environmental management part. Number of low or high are subject to the same and impact on the market to the highest level of the evening market, showed that consumers still prefer to the traditional market to buy food.

碩士
國立成功大學
建築學系碩博士班
93
The concept of public housing management does not receive much attention in the national housing policy in Taiwan; only the management of the public housing built by the public sector is roughly categorized under the scope of public administration. The management of housing built by the private sector has been regulated by the “regulations of housing management” announced in June 1995 and has had better management than that of the public housing. Currently old public housing has been on the downgrade. The study attempts to explore how the government can help better the management and maintenance of public housing inhabited by the low income class, so that it will not be downgraded to slums and become another type of “Military Dependents’ Villages” of this century. 　　This paper is on one hand to review the problem of public housing management, and on the other hand to understand the status of the management and maintenance of the public housing environment. The paper uses 27 public housing community Tainan city as an example: it explores the current management system of the public housing and investigate the satisfaction of the inhabitants at the community management and government’s role in assisting the management and environmental maintenance of the public housing community. In addition the researcher also compares the policy execution and inhabitants; satisfaction at the results of the policy execution. The results of the comparison shows: 　1.The government’s role in public housing management has been limited to administration; it has never been involved in real management and maintenance work. 　2.In the public housing management and maintenance regulations made by the Central Government, only the article stipulating that 2.5% of the sales price of the buildings should be allocated as the management and maintenance fund has had some effects; the rest merely engages in idle theorizing. 　3.The discrepancy between the management and maintenance fund of new and old public housing as well as the declining interest rate has made the maintenance of the old communities even more difficult. 　4.The Tainan City Government has never prepared budget for public housing management and maintenance but appropriated the management and maintenance fund for employee salaries, which has made the situation of these communities even worse. 　5.The Tainan City Government staff has failed to cooperate in the management and maintenance of the public facilities in these communities. 　　The above points have revealed the problem of the improper use of the public housing management and maintenance fund. The government should make efforts to study and improve the situation and find out the solution to enhance the quality of public housing and to prevent the continual deterioration of public housing communities.

碩士
國立交通大學
交通運輸研究所
88
At present, the determination of bus routes and bus terminals are often based on the subjective judgment of decision-makers and requests of legislators or users. The overall planning of the routes network, which lacks scientific method and theoretical basis, not only fails to improve city traffic, but also reduces the system operating efficiency and service level. In view of this, based on consideration of fairness and efficiency, developing planning rules and procedures to adjust existing routes, and establish new routes, is urgently needed for bus operators and government. The operator, user and regulator are considered in the construction of an evaluation model for the existing bus-route network. Based on the principles of selecting quantifiable indicators and avoiding dependency between indicators, such as density of network, routes covered, circuity, directness, occupancy, accessibility of network and coverage of network are selected to evaluate current network. The application of TransCAD and Excel also serves to evaluate performance before and after adjusting existing routes or planning new routes. In terms of adjusting existing bus routes, affecting factors, planning objectives and principles for adjusting existing routes are analyzed, and indicators of “circuity” and “repetitiousness” are selected as adjustment criteria of existing routes. Routes that exceed threshold values(1.3