Книги: "Existing city"

1

Khameyseh, Rasem. New Palestinian towns alongside existing ones. Jerusalem: The Floersheimer Institute for Policy Studies, 1997.

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2

Khameyseh, Rasem. New Palestinian towns alongside existing ones. Jerusalem: Floersheimer Institute for Policy Studies, 1997.

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3

Carl Bro gruppen, rådgivende ingenior- og planlaegningsfirmaer. Sanitation master plan study for City of Blantyre: Existing sanitation situation. Ndirande, Blantyre [Malawi]: Carl Bro International, 1995.

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4

Loughnane, Valerie Mary. Revitalisation of waterfront sites: The effects of regeneration on the existing inner-city communities. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1993.

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5

Fogg, Eric P. Gateway city stations: Existing railroad stations in St. Louis and St. Louis County, Missouri. Crete, Neb: Railroad Station Historical Society, 1988.

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6

Canada. Employment and Immigration Canada (Commission : Manitoba Region). Assessing labour market needs and facilitating optimal use of existing resources in rural Manitoba. Winnipeg: Manitoba Region, Canada Employment and Immigration Commission, 1988.

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7

Association, Tollcross Housing. Tollcross Housing Association: Exhibition [based on] existing development programme and proposals, Glasgow City Chambers, 4th April 1991. Glasgow: Tollcross Housing Association, 1991.

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8

Geddes, Mike. The impact of property development on existing firms in the inner city: The Kings Cross railway lands. London: Department of Planning Housing and Development, South Bank Polytechnic, 1990.

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9

I, Kennedy Margrit, Kennedy Declan, and Akademii͡a︡ gorodskoĭ sredy, eds. Designing ecological settlements: Ecological planning and building : experiences in new housing and in the renewal of existing housing quarters in European countries. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer, 1997.

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10

Hartop, Sarah. The effects of business class on the supply of business space and on the existing uses of office and industry in Edinburgh District. Edinburgh: Edinburgh College of Art/Heriot-Watt University, School of Planning and Housing, 1993.

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11

New York (State). Office of the State Deputy Comptroller for the City of New York. New York City School Construction Authority and Board of Education, review of time frames to construct new schools and modernize existing facilities. [New York, N.Y: Office of the State Deputy Comptroller, 1993.

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12

Jinan Shi (China). Lü you ju and Jinan chu ban you xian ze ren gong si, eds. Tian xia quan cheng: Jinan xian cun lao jian zhu ji cui = The city of springs : collection of existing historical architecture in Jinan. [Jinan]: Jinan chu ban she, 2011.

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13

CoDa. The world famous City Varieties Music Hall Leeds: A study of existing & proposed provision of access for disabled pesons to the Grade 2 listed theatre. Leeds: CoDa, 1998.

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14

De Vita, Maurizio, ed. Città storica e sostenibilità / Historic Cities and Sustainability. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-305-2.

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A subject that is inexplicably little studied at present, or indeed not at all, is that of the quest for possible applications and feasible objectives in the energy requalification of existing buildings, existing or planned open spaces, old city centres and the monumental and diffuse cultural heritage. At the present time it is crucial that the issues, research and techniques linked to the possibilities of an aware use of energy are applied to the old city centres and the existing heritage. This must start from a knowledge and investigation of the traditional building materials and techniques, which are in themselves inherently sustainable (comprising both the ancient city and the consolidated modern city and their historic stratifications). The historic environment indeed represents an infinite cultural and environmental resource and a very high percentage of the global architectural heritage.

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15

Council, Oxford (England) City. Appeal by William Randolph Heine against the refusal of Oxford City Council for the retention of publicsculpture "Unititled 1986" (fibreglass shark through roof of existing house) at 2 New High Street, Oxford. [Oxford: Oxford City Council?], 1990.

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16

Oyebiyi, Olubunmi. The traditional rulers of great city - Ibadanland, a tale of seven Hills and notable events: Origin and early history of Yoruba's early history and development of Ibadanland, the existing recognised chieftainces in Oyo State since 1993. Nigeria, Ibadan: Boom Art/Printing Co., 2008.

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17

Council, Oxford (England) City. Appeal by William Heine against the refusal of planning permission by Oxford City Council for the retention of public sculpture "Untitled 1986" (fibreglass shark through the rook of existing house) at 2 New High Street, Oxford. Oxford: Oxford City Council, 1990.

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18

name, No. Poets of the non-existent city: Los Angeles in the McCarthy era. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press, 2003.

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19

Gershgoren, Novak Estelle, ed. Poets of the non-existent city: Los Angeles in the McCarthy era. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2002.

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20

Parsons Harland Bartholomew & Associates and Creating the Future Inc, eds. City of Hamilton: Comprehensive plan : existing conditions. [Hamilton, Ohio]: Parsons Harland Bartholomew & Associates, 2000.

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21

San Francisco (Calif.). Office of Military Base Conversion., San Francisco Redevelopment Agency (San Francisco, Calif.)., San Francisco (Calif.). Planning Dept., and ROMA Design Group, eds. Treasure Island reuse plan: Existing conditions report. [San Francisco]: The Office, 1995.

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22

Tomaselli, Linda. Spatial Planning and Fiscal Impact Analysis: A Toolkit for Existing and Proposed Land Use. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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23

Tomaselli, Linda. Spatial Planning and Fiscal Impact Analysis: A Toolkit for Existing and Proposed Land Use. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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24

Spatial Planning and Fiscal Impact Analysis: A Toolkit for Existing and Proposed Land Use. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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25

Samples, Matt. Millwood, Washington: Creating a hybrid town center, that combines the intimacy of main street with the accessibility of a strip center, and retrofitting it into an existing urban environment. 2002.

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26

Newcomb, John Timberman. A Modernism of the City. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036798.003.0001.

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This book traces the emergence of modern American poetry at the turn of the nineteenth century, locating it within the collective efforts of poets, editors, publishers, and readers involved in the New Verse movement between 1912 and 1925, rather than in the individual accomplishments of a few titanic figures. It examines how these individuals renewed American verse by taking over existing literary institutions and creating avant-garde alternatives, allowing them to elaborate a poetics of metropolitan modernity that embraced the very subjects that the genteel establishment had condemned as incorrigibly unpoetic. It also discusses the importance of the visual arts in this process, which paved the way for the New Poetry or the New Verse, two terms used in this book interchangeably rather than modernism.

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27

Aderinto, Saheed. “This Is a City of Bubbles”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038884.003.0002.

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This chapter discusses the socioeconomic, gendered, and racial structure of colonial Lagos and reveals the identities of individuals and groups that shaped sexual politics. While the British were mostly responsible for the major physical infrastructure, they did not dictate or monopolize the accompanying social outlook that emerged out of Lagosians' quest to mold the city to their own taste. City life entailed maintaining a balance in the ways people lived their lives; the kinds of music they enjoyed; and how they socialized, dressed, and conducted themselves as they sought to maximize the benefits of colonial capitalism. The chapter then explores inter-ethnic and intra-ethnic relations and concludes that the politics of sex fit into the existing tension over urban citizenship, class stratification, and social privileges accruing from the pigmentation of the skin. It argues that the agitation against prostitution reflected a social ambivalence that can be termed as “selective modernity.”

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28

Churchill, David. Crime Control and Everyday Life in the Victorian City. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797845.001.0001.

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This book provides the first detailed study of policing and civilian crime control in nineteenth-century England. It provides a sustained, empirically rich critique of existing accounts, which present the modern history of crime control as a process whereby the state wrested governmental power from the civilian public. According to the orthodox interpretation, the formation of new, ‘professional’ police forces in the nineteenth century is integral to the decline of an early modern, participatory, discretionary culture of self-policing, and its replacement by a modern, bureaucratic system of crime control. This book critically challenges the established view, and presents a fundamental reinterpretation of changes to crime control in the age of the new police. It breaks new ground by providing a highly detailed, empirical analysis of informal, civilian crime control—which reveals the tremendous activity which ordinary people displayed in responding to crime—alongside a rich survey of formal policing and criminal justice. With unique conceptual clarity, it seeks to reorient modern criminal justice history away from its established preoccupation with state systems of policing and punishment, and move towards a more nuanced analysis of the governance of crime. More widely, the book provides a valuable vantage point from which to rethink the role of civil society and the state in modern governance, the nature of agency and authority in Victorian England, and the historical antecedents of the pluralized modes of crime control which characterize contemporary society.

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29

Association, Vancouver Tourist, ed. Open doors: Some of the opportunity-creating conditions existing in British Columbia, especially in the city of Vancouver and the fertile Fraser Valley, the garden of the Pacific slope. [Vancouver?: s.n.], 1995.

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30

Honeyman, A. Van Doren. Joannes Nevius, Scepen and Third Secretary of New Amsterdam under the Dutch, First Secretary of New York City under the English,: Embracing Existing Families Bearing the Surnames of Nevius, Nevyus, Neafie, Neafus, Neefus, Nafis, Nafie, Nafey, Naphey, Napheys. Heritage Books, 2018.

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31

Costa, Eduardo M., and Álvaro D. Oliveira. Humane Smart Cities. Edited by Robert Frodeman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198733522.013.19.

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Humane smart cities is a new field of study that addresses what has to be done in cities to make them more livable and more in tune with their citizen’s wishes and needs. The concept is different from the existing smart city concept. The latter focuses on technology as the main driver of change. Humane smart cities use all the power of technology but only in direct connection with citizens’ needs. Boroughs should contain options for living, working, and playing in the same region. Transport should focus on walking, biking, and public transport rather than cars. Cocreation and close interaction between citizens and City Hall should become the norm. In short, the chapter examines how we can keep the good things we like in the city and avoid the bad ones that were brought about by poor planning and wrong models of urban development.

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32

Bauer, Brian. The Ritual Landscape of the Inca. Edited by Sonia Alconini and Alan Covey. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190219352.013.6.

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At the time of the European invasion of the Andes (1532 ce), many of the shrines (huacas) around Cuzco were organized along ritual pathways (ceques) that radiated out from the Temple of the Sun, at the heart of the city. According to the few existing descriptions of this ritual system, there were more than 328 shrines, and they were conceptually organized along forty-two paths. The shrines were represented by a wide range of natural features, such as caves, boulders, springs, and mountaintops, as well as by artificial features, such as houses, fountains, and canals. Each of the shrines required prayers and offerings. Responsibility for maintenance of the shrines along each ceque was divided among the various kin groups of the city. Frequently called “the Cuzco ceque system,” this network of shrines and lines represents the most complex ritual systems yet identified in the ancient New World.

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33

Gamberini, Andrea. New Scenarios, Old Questions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824312.003.0013.

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This chapter, beginning Part II, takes as its theme the advent of the regional states—new and broader political formations that replaced city-states from the middle of the fourteenth century. It looks briefly at the causes of a transformation that profoundly altered the balance of late medieval Italy and which ended with the introduction of other, different political cultures. Far from simplifying the political picture, the regional state absorbed but did not dissolve the many existing territorial bodies, resulting in a stratification of languages and ideas and a configuration of extreme tensions. The Milan Duchy is employed as a case study in order to investigate these phenomena analytically.

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34

Doucet, Brian, Rianne van Melik, and Pierre Filion, eds. Volume 1: Community and Society. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529218879.001.0001.

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Our experiences of the city are dependent on our gender, race, class, age, ability, and sexual orientation. It was already clear before the pandemic that cities around the world were divided and becoming increasingly unequal. The pandemic has torn back the curtain on many of these pre-existing inequalities. This book engages directly with different urban communities around the world. It gives voice to those who experience poverty, discrimination and marginalisation in order to put them in the front and center of planning, policy, and political debates that make and shape cities. Offering crucial insights for reforming cities to be more resilient to future crises, the book is an invaluable resource for scholars and policymakers alike.

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35

Theodoridis, Nicolas. Dante e o Triunfo Poético: A Divina Comédia Revisitada à Luz do Espiritismo. Brazil Publising, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-540-8.

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Born under the sign of Gemini, between May 14 and June 13, 1265, most likely towards the end of May, in a low-nobility family in Florence, he was baptized on March 26, 1266, with the name of During, later abbreviated to Dante, the name of which he became known for posterity. He died between the 13th and 14th of September 1321 after making a diplomatic trip in the city of Venice representing the city of Ravenna, Dante, possibly suffering from malaria. By spiritist analysis, Dante was a powerful medium, but he lived and wrote in a period dominated by the Church, and, according to Ranieri (2012, p. 57) defined, he was not fully understood where he considered his work to be written only by the poetic aspect and not as a real experience, experienced exponentially in its nocturnal incursions through the astral unfolding and the scenes portrayed present realities of the different spiritual worlds existing on our Planet. Therefore, in this year of 2021, in which Dante celebrates 700 years of death, the present book is a tribute to this poet who presented us with a classic of world literature through a bias previously unexplored.

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36

James, Simon. The Roman Military Base at Dura-Europos, Syria. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198743569.001.0001.

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Dura-Europos, a Parthian-ruled Greco-Syrian city, was captured by Rome c.AD165. It then accommodated a Roman garrison until its destruction by Sasanian siege c.AD256. Excavations of the site between the World Wars made sensational discoveries, and with renewed exploration from 1986 to 2011, Dura remains the best-explored city of the Roman East. A critical revelation was a sprawling Roman military base occupying a quarter of the city's interior. This included swathes of civilian housing converted to soldiers' accommodation and several existing sanctuaries, as well as baths, an amphitheatre, headquarters, and more temples added by the garrison. Base and garrison were clearly fundamental factors in the history of Roman Dura, but what impact did they have on the civil population? Original excavators gloomily portrayed Durenes evicted from their homes and holy places, and subjected to extortion and impoverishment by brutal soldiers, while recent commentators have envisaged military-civilian concordia, with shared prosperity and integration. Detailed examination of the evidence presents a new picture. Through the use of GPS, satellite, geophysical and archival evidence, this volume shows that the Roman military base and resident community were even bigger than previously understood, with both military and civil communities appearing much more internally complex than has been allowed until now. The result is a fascinating social dynamic which we can partly reconstruct, giving us a nuanced picture of life in a city near the eastern frontier of the Roman world.

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37

Rodgers, Yana van der Meulen. Global Gag Rule. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190876128.003.0002.

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This chapter discusses the evolution of the global gag rule and the existing evidence on its effects. When it was announced in Mexico City, the policy created global uproar with its abrupt change in position on population control and abortion. Pressure from domestic antiabortion groups weighed heavily in the administration’s new policy stance on family-planning assistance. Subsequent rescissions and reinstatements of the global gag rule have caused large fluctuations in US funding for family planning, as demonstrated in the chapter’s analysis of aggregate data. Evidence from qualitative studies indicates that the restrictions on US family-planning assistance under George Bush beginning in 2001 caused major disruptions in service delivery, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. This evidence is crucial for understanding the channels through which women’s reproductive health outcomes are related to restrictions on US foreign aid.

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38

Fry, Tony. Writing Design Fiction. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350217331.

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Written by leading design philosopher Tony Fry, Writing Design Fiction: Relocating a City in Crisis is both an introduction to the power of “design fiction” in the design process, and a novella-length work of fiction in itself—telling the dramatic story of the relocation of the City of Harshon. Set in the near future, Harshon, a delta city, is facing environmental catastrophe due to rising sea levels—consequently, a decision is made to relocate the entire city inland. A diverse cast of voices—including an architect, a journalist, an economist, a construction worker, and residents—narrate the extraordinary challenges and complexities which follow. This work presents a real-world scenario which, in coming decades, will face many of the world’s cities. The fictional format provides a novel way of exploring the very serious inherent technical, social, political, economic and cultural challenges. The story provides a rehearsal of the design challenges which are likely to face architects, planners, and designers in an uncertain global future. “Design fiction” is a fast-growing area within design and architecture, increasingly deployed as a serious methodology by designers as a tool in scenario planning. Writing Design Fiction takes the practice to a higher level conceptually and theoretically, but also practically. The book is divided into four parts, with the fictional narrative bookended by further critical analysis. Part One shows how a critique of existing modes of design fiction can lead to more grounded and critical thinking and practice. Part Three critically reflects on the narrative, while Part Four presents the practical application of the second order design fiction approach. This book demonstrates the value of a more developed mode of design fiction to students, professional designers and architects across the breadth of design practices, as well as to other disciplines interested in the future of cities.

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39

Wilder, Margaret, and Helen Ingram. Knowing Equity When We See It. Edited by Ken Conca and Erika Weinthal. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199335084.013.11.

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This chapter argues for a greater commitment to water equity and a transformation of water governance. Marrying contradictory principles flawed the global water governance paradigm that emerged in the 1990s. Efficiency and equity are often incompatible, and unequal power relations are embedded in many longstanding water institutions and concepts. The chapter suggests that the epistemology of water and the vocabulary and fundamental concepts used to understand water, including its socio-nature and close relation with politics, must be transformed. It introduces five “directional principles” to guide thinking about a transformational governance. It also reviews these principles in light of four real-world cases. Decades of water scholarship provide a critical lens to search for equity, but recognizing equity when it occurs in specific contexts, such as the Colorado River Delta or the city of Detroit, where new networks have emerged to challenge existing rules and power relations, is also vital.

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40

Hanisch, Sarah. Searching for Sweetness. Hong Kong University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888754014.001.0001.

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Traversing from the rapidly urbanising county-level city of Fuqing to the remote mountainous kingdom of Lesotho in Southern Africa, Searching for Sweetness is one of the first and most extensive ethnographies linking rural-to-urban migration in China with Chinese migration to Africa. Against the backdrop of China’s national struggle for modernity and globalisation, Sarah Hanisch examines Chinese migrant women’s complex and ever-shifting struggles for upward social mobility across different generations and localities in China and Lesotho. Embedding the women’s individual portraits into larger historical contexts, Hanisch illustrates how these women interpret and narrate their migratory and everyday experiences through and beyond powerful state meta-narratives on ‘sweetness’ and ‘bitterness’. In her exploration of migratory identities and projects which have been overlooked by previous studies, Hanisch brings uniquely gendered, multi-sited, and intergenerational perspectives to existing scholarship on Chinese internal and international migration.

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41

Triggianese, Manuela, Olindo Caso, and Yagiz Söylev, eds. LIVING STATIONS: The Design of Metro Stations in the (east flank) metropolitan areas of Rotterdam. TU Delft Bouwkunde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47982/bookrxiv.3.

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Due to the growing demand for mobility (as a primary need for people to get to work, to obtain personal care or to go travelling), cities continue to be faced with new urban challenges. Stations represent, along mobility networks, not only transportation nodes (transfer points) but also architectural objects which connect an area to the city’s territorial plane and which have the potential to generate new urban dynamics. In the ‘compact city’ the station is simply no longer the space to access mobility networks, as informed by their dry pragmatism, but becomes an urban place of sociality and encounter - an extended public space beyond mobility itself. Which relationships and cross-fertilizations can be significant for the design of the future living stations in the Municipality of Rotterdam? How ought these stations to be conceived in order to act as public places for collective action? Which (archetypical) devices can be designed to give a shape to the ambitions for these stations? The station as a public space and catalyzer for urban interventions in the metropolitan area of Rotterdam is the focus of the research initiative presented in this publication. City of Innovations Project – Living Stations is organized around speculating and forecasting on future scenarios for the city of Rotterdam. ‘What is the future of Rotterdam with the arrival of a new metro circle line system?’ In the past fifty years, every decade of Rotterdam urban planning has seen its complementary metro strategy, with profound connections with the spatial planning and architectural themes. Considering the urban trends of densification and the new move to the city, a new complementary strategy is required. The plans to realize 50.000 new homes between the city center and the suburban residential districts in the next 20 years go together with the development of a new metro circle line consisting of 16 new stations; 6 of which will connect the new metro line to the existing network. Students of the elective City of Innovations Project (AR0109) have been asked to develop ambitious but plausible urban and architectural proposals for selected locations under the guidance of tutors from the Municipality of Rotterdam and Complex Projects. The Grand Paris Express metro project in France has inspired the course’s approach. Following the critical essays on the strategic role of the infrastructural project for city development interventions, the ‘10 Visions X 5 Locations’ chapter is a systematization of the work of 35 master’s students with input from designers of the City of Rotterdam and experts and academic from the University of Gustave Eiffel in Paris. The research-through-design process conducted in the City of Innovations project - Living Stations consists of documenting and analyzing the present urban conditions of selected station locations in the City of Rotterdam and proposing design solutions and visualizations of the predicted development of these locations.

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42

Gurung, Shobha Hamal, and Bandana Purkayastha. Gendered Labor. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037573.003.0005.

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This chapter examines how contemporary globalization has created gendered labor by drawing on the experiences of Nepali immigrant women within pan-ethnic informal labor markets in Boston and New York City. After a brief overview of the existing theoretical framework, the chapter presents data on Nepali women's experiences in the informal economy. It shows how the economic opportunities available to these women are shaped by within-ethnic-group social location—Nepali Americans' social location in relation to wealthier Indian Americans (and their religious and linguistic similarity to this group). It also considers how some Nepali women, especially those who worked in the formal sector in Nepal, have begun to “bank” their social capital in their home countries. The Nepali women's experiences highlight the segmentation of the informal labor market for care work and suggest that, while they send remittances back to their home countries, some of this money is sent to nonfamily members.

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43

Serrano, Víctor, and Javier Monclús, eds. Regeneración urbana (VI). Propuesta para el barrio de Torrero - La Paz, Zaragoza. Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/uz.978-84-1340-048-8.

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This publication contains the reflections and proposals made within the framework of the 2018–2019 University of Zaragoza Master of Architecture programme. Continuing on from the work of previous years on other districts of the city of Zaragoza we refer to as ‘inner peripheries’, particularly those com- prising the so-called ‘Orla Este’ (‘eastern fringe’) – the neighbourhoods of San José and Las Fuentes – this time the team of students and teaching staff involved turned their focus to the Torrero-La Paz dis- trict. This area of the city has problems similar to those previously studied, as they are distinguished by depopulation and ageing, in other words, the tendency to lose inhabitants, particularly younger generations. Moreover, its physical structure is characterised by a congested network of streets, high population density, a scarcity of green spaces and facilities, and the poor design of existing public spaces and deficiencies in the standards of construction of many of its buildings. All of this is reflec- ted in the proliferation of urban fabrics in the process of becoming obsolete, which may lead to the appearance of pockets of vulnerability. Nonetheless, the diagnostic exercises undertaken have also allowed the potential of the district to be identified. This publication contains the proposals for urban renewal and building restoration based on the interventions to improve public spaces and dwellings, in addition to facilities, traffic management and public parking spaces. In a nutshell, all those aspects that we can include within the broad concept of urban renewal and with the aim of progressing towards a much-improved neighbourhood. The publication of this book was made possible by the collaboration agreement between Zaragoza City Council, through Zaragoza Vivienda, and the School of Engineering and Architecture of the University of Zaragoza.

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44

Certoma, Chiara, Susan Noori, and Martin Sondermann, eds. Urban gardening and the struggle for social and spatial justice. Manchester University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526126092.001.0001.

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It is increasingly clear that, alongside the spectacular forms of justice activism, the actually existing just city outcomes from different everyday practices of performative politics that produce transformative trajectories and alternative realities in response to particular injustices in situated contexts. The massive diffusion of urban gardening practices (including allotments, community gardens, guerrilla gardening and the multiple, inventive forms of gardening the city) deserve a special attention as experiential learning and in-becoming responses to spatial politics, able to articulate different forms of power and resistance to current state of unequal distribution of benefits and burdens in the urban space. While advancing their socio-environmental claims, urban gardeners makes evident that the physical disposition of living beings and non-living things can both determine and perpetuate injustices or create justice spaces. In so doing, urban gardeners question the inequality-biased structuring and functioning of social formations (most notably urban deprivation, lack of public decision and engagement, and marginalization processes); and conversely create (or allow the creation of) spaces of justice in contemporary cities. This book presents a selection of contributions investigating the possibility and capability of urban gardeners to effectively tackling with spatial injustice; and it offers the readers a sound theoretically-grounded reflections on the topic. Building upon on-the-field experiences in European cities, it presents a wide range of engaged scholarly researches that investigate whether, how and to what extend urban gardening is able to contrast inequalities and disparities in living conditions.

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45

Henry, Eric S. The Future Conditional. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501754906.001.0001.

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This book offers a nuanced discussion of the globalization of the English language and the widespread effects it has had on Shenyang, the capital and largest city of China's northeast Liaoning Province. Adopting an ethnographic and linguistic perspective, the book considers the personal connotations that English has for Chinese people, beyond its role in the education system. Through research on how English is spoken, taught, and studied in China, the book considers what the language itself means to Chinese speakers. How and why, the book asks, has English become so deeply fascinating in contemporary China, simultaneously existing as a source of desire and anxiety? The answer suggested is that English-speaking Chinese consider themselves distinctly separate from those who do not speak the language, the result of a cultural assumption that speaking English makes a person modern. Seeing language as a study that goes beyond the classroom, the book assesses the emerging viewpoint that, for many citizens, speaking English in China has become a cultural need—and, more immediately, a realization of one's future.

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46

(Editor), Estelle Gershgoren Novak, and V. B. Price (Series Editor), eds. Poets of the Non-Existent City: Los Angeles in the McCarthy Era (Mary Burritt Christiansen Poetry Series). University of New Mexico Press, 2003.

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47

(Editor), Estelle Gershgoren Novak, and V. B. Price (Series Editor), eds. Poets of the Non-Existent City: Los Angeles in the McCarthy Era (Mary Burritt Christiansen Poetry Series). University of New Mexico Press, 2003.

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48

Ball, Molly C. Navigating Life and Work in Old Republic São Paulo. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401667.001.0001.

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This book examines the experiences of São Paulo’s diverse working class as they encountered rapid urbanization and industrialization brought on by the coffee boom during Brazil’s Old Republic (1891–1930). It places the rank-and-file at the center of its analysis to understand how macroeconomic trends connected to daily life and individual and family responses to labor market discrimination, inflation, and fluctuating (im)migration. The study emphasizes the family-centered nature of immigration to São Paulo in comparison to other immigrant cities like Buenos Aires and New York City. It shows how World War I exacerbated existing working-class hierarchies and cut short important standard-of-living advancements. The study demonstrates how despite its intended purpose to funnel agricultural laborers into the coffee interior, the city’s immigrant receiving station also played a decisive role in shaping the city of São Paulo, serving both as a safety net for residents and labor supplier for employers. Methodologically, this book embraces both social and economic history, deconstructing the population along racial, ethnic, national, and gender lines. Combining statistical analysis alongside close readings of immigrant letters provides a nuanced analysis of recently arrived Paulistanos from Italy, Portugal, Germany, Lebanon, and Japan and from northeastern Brazil. The research demonstrates how Portuguese, women, and Afro-Brazilians all faced significant labor market discrimination, impacting individual and family decisions about where to work and live and whether to join labor movements. The approach provides a powerful tool to address archival silences, recover embedded narratives, and understand historic underdevelopment.

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49

Steichen, James. Balanchine and Kirstein's American Enterprise. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190607418.001.0001.

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George Balanchine is today one of the most celebrated figures in twentieth-century ballet and is closely identified with the two institutions he helped found in collaboration with Lincoln Kirstein: the School of American Ballet and the New York City Ballet. During the early years of their efforts in the 1930s, Balanchine and Kirstein’s enterprise underwent numerous changes and transformations. The complexity of their endeavors has been misrepresented in many existing accounts of their lives and careers, in part because their activities have not been assessed as a whole. This book chronicles Balanchine’s and Kirstein’s work between 1933 and 1940 in the spheres of ballet, opera, Broadway musicals, and Hollywood cinema. This new account shows the ways in which their collective and individual efforts influenced and affected one another and ultimately shaped the character of the institutions they would eventually found. The work of the short-lived organizations the American Ballet (1935–38) and Ballet Caravan (1936–40) brought together dozens of dancers and collaborators, and the activity of these companies was closely related to work of the School of American Ballet as well as Balanchine’s projects in Broadway musical theater and film.

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50

White, Monica M. Freedom Farmers. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469643694.001.0001.

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In the late 1960s, internationally renowned activist Fannie Lou Hamer purchased forty acres of land in the Mississippi Delta, launching the Freedom Farms Cooperative (FFC). A community-based rural and economic development project, FFC would grow to over 600 acres, offering a means for local sharecroppers, tenant farmers, and domestic workers to pursue community wellness, self-reliance, and political resistance. Life on the cooperative farm presented an alternative to the second wave of northern migration by African Americans--an opportunity to stay in the South, live off the land, and create a healthy community based upon building an alternative food system as a cooperative and collective effort. Freedom Farmers expands the historical narrative of the black freedom struggle to embrace the work, roles, and contributions of southern black farmers and the organizations they formed. Whereas existing scholarship generally views agriculture as a site of oppression and exploitation of black people, this book reveals agriculture as a site of resistance and provides a historical foundation that adds meaning and context to current conversations around the resurgence of food justice/sovereignty movements in urban spaces like Detroit, Chicago, Milwaukee, New York City, and New Orleans.

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