Статті в журналах: "Exercise, Gestational diabetes mellitus"

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Padayachee, Cliantha. "Exercise guidelines for gestational diabetes mellitus." World Journal of Diabetes 6, no. 8 (2015): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v6.i8.1033.

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Begum, SA, R. Afroz, Q. Khanam, A. Khanom, and TS Choudhury. "Diabetes Mellitus and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus." Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jpsb.v5i1.23887.

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Diabetes mellitus (DM), also known as simply diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. Worldwide in 2012 and 2013 diabetes resulted in 1.5 to 5.1 million deaths per year, making it the 8th leading cause of death. Diabetes overall at least doubles the risk of death. This high blood sugar produces the symptoms of frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. Untreated, diabetes can cause many complications. Acute complications include diabetic ketoacidosis and nonketotic hyperosmolar coma. Serious long-term complications include heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, foot ulcers and damage to the eyes. The number of people with diabetes is expected to rise to 592 million by 2035. The economic costs of diabetes globally were estimated in 2013 at $548 billion and in the United States in 2012 $245 billion. [3]Globally, as of 2013, an estimated 382 million people have diabetes worldwide, with type 2 diabetes making up about 90% of the cases. This is equal to 8.3% of the adults population, with equal rates in both women and men. There are three main types of diabetes mellitus: In case of type 1 Diabetes mellitus, results from the bodys failure to produce enough insulin. This form was previously referred to as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or juvenile diabetes. The cause is unknown. Another type is type 2 diabetes mellitus begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to respond to insulin properly. As the disease progresses a lack of insulin may also develop. This form was previously referred to as non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or adult-onset diabetes. The primary cause is excessive body weight and not enough exercise. Gestational diabetes is the third main form and occurs when pregnant women without a previous history of diabetes develop a high blood glucose level. Gestational diabetes usually resolves after the birth of the baby. It occurs in about 210% of all pregnancies and may improve or disappear after delivery. However, after pregnancy approximately 510% of women with gestational diabetes are found to have diabetes mellitus, most commonly type 2. Gestational diabetes is fully treatable, but requires careful medical supervision throughout the pregnancy.J. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 5(1): 30-35, 2014 (January)

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Laredo-Aguilera, José Alberto, María Gallardo-Bravo, Joseba Aingerun Rabanales-Sotos, Ana Isabel Cobo-Cuenca, and Juan Manuel Carmona-Torres. "Physical Activity Programs during Pregnancy Are Effective for the Control of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17 (August 24, 2020): 6151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176151.

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Gestational diabetes mellitus has an incidence of 14% worldwide and nursing is responsible for its monitoring during pregnancy. Excessive weight gain during pregnancy is directly related to gestational diabetes mellitus development. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has negative repercussions on the evolution of the pregnancy and the fetus. The objective of this systematic review is to establish how physical activity influences pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and to analyze what benefits physical activity has in the control of gestational diabetes mellitus. A systematic search was carried out in different databases (Cochrane, Superior Council of Scientific Investigations (CSIC), EBSCOhost, Pubmed, Scopus, Web os Science, and Proquest) for papers published within the last 12 years, taking into account different inclusion and exclusion criteria. Six randomized controlled studies and one observational case-control study of a high quality were selected. Fasting, postprandial glucose and HbcA1 were assessed, as well as the requirement and amount of insulin used. Thus, there is a positive relationship between the performance of physical activity and the control of gestational diabetes mellitus. Resistance, aerobic exercise, or a combination of both are effective for the control of glucose, HbcA1, and insulin. Due to the variability of the exercises of the analyzed studies and the variability of the shape of the different pregnant women, it does not permit the recommendation of a particular type of exercise. However, any type of physical activity of sufficient intensity and duration can have benefits for pregnant women with GDM. Pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus should exercise for at least 20–50 min a minimum of 2 times a week with at a least moderate intensity.

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Sun, Ruoyao. "The Harm and Prevention and Control of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 19 (November 17, 2022): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v19i.2701.

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Gestational diabetes is one of the challenges that many pregnant mothers face during this particular stage. Gestational diabetes is not only harmful to pregnant women, but also has adverse effects on offspring. Overcoming this difficulty is not so easy, expectant mothers need to control many aspects, from exercise, medication, and diet. This article analyzes the etiology and risk factors of gestational diabetes and makes recommendations based on this. The diet for gestational diabetes should be small and frequent meals, and the corresponding calorie intake should be based on one's body weight. The type of food should be less fat and easy to digest and eat more foods that have a low impact on blood sugar, such as whole grains, beans, cucumbers, and tomatoes. Patients with gestational diabetes are suitable for soothing aerobic exercise. Exercises ideal for pregnant women mainly include yoga, walking, gymnastics, etc. The time for each activity is generally 20 to 30 minutes.

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Pascual-Morena, Carlos, Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno, Celia Álvarez-Bueno, Diana P. Pozuelo-Carrascosa, Blanca Notario-Pacheco, Alicia Saz-Lara, Rubén Fernández-Rodriguez, and Iván Cavero-Redondo. "Exercise vs metformin for gestational diabetes mellitus." Medicine 98, no. 25 (June 2019): e16038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000016038.

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Snapp, Carol. "MATERNAL PHYSICAL EXERCISE AND GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS." Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health 51, no. 5 (September 10, 2006): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmwh.2006.04.016.

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Snapp, Carol A., and Sue K. Donaldson. "Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Physical Exercise and Health Outcomes." Biological Research For Nursing 10, no. 2 (October 2008): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800408323728.

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Purpose: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a serious complication of pregnancy associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes for both mother and infant. This study assesses the association of maternal exercise during GDM pregnancy and selected maternal and infant adverse GDM-related outcomes. The analysis uses information derived from the 1988 National Maternal Infant Health Survey (NMIHS) data. Methods: Women in the 1988 NMIHS database were identified and grouped as to having experienced a non-GDM (n = 2,952,482) or GDM (n = 105,600) pregnancy. Non-GDM and GDM groups were compared as to demographic and personal-attribute variables. The second part of this study focused on the women with GDM pregnancy, specifically a subset (n = 75,160) who met inclusion/exclusion criteria for the study of exercise during pregnancy. Each was categorized to either the exercise group or the nonexercise group. Results: The non-GDM and GDM groups of pregnant women were not different as to the variables studied, except that older age and increased body mass index (BMI) were associated with GDM pregnancy. For the study of exercise during GDM pregnancy, the only variable that was associated with the exercise group was size of the infant. Participants in the exercise group were less likely than those in the nonexercise group to have delivered a large for gestational age (LGA) infant (F [1, 4314] = 9.82, p = .0017). Implications: The results of this study suggest that moderate maternal leisure time physical exercise during GDM pregnancy may reduce the risk of delivery of an LGA infant.

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Madhuvrata, P., Gemma Govinden, R. Bustani, S. Song, and TA Farrell. "Prevention of gestational diabetes in pregnant women with risk factors for gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials." Obstetric Medicine 8, no. 2 (April 2, 2015): 68–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753495x15576673.

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Background Gestational diabetes mellitus can be defined as ‘glucose intolerance or hyperglycaemia with onset or first recognition during pregnancy.’ Objective The objective of our systematic review was to see if there was any intervention that could be used for primary prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus in women with risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus. Search strategy Major databases were searched from 1966 to Aug 2012 without language restriction. Selection criteria Randomised trials comparing intervention with standard care in women with risk factors for gestational diabetes were included. Meta-analysis was performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statement. The primary outcome assessed was the incidence of gestational diabetes. Data collection and analysis Data from included trials were extracted independently by two authors and analysed using Rev-Man 5. Main results A total of 2422 women from 14 randomised trials were included; which compared diet (four randomised trials), exercise (three randomised trials), lifestyle changes (five randomised trials) and metformin (two randomised trials) with standard care in women with risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus. Dietary intervention was associated with a statistically significantly lower incidence of gestational diabetes (Odds ratio 0.33, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.76) and gestational hypertension (Odds ratio 0.28, 95% CI 0.09, 0.86) compared to standard care. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus or in the secondary outcomes with exercise, lifestyle changes or metformin use compared to standard care. Conclusions The use of dietary intervention has shown a statistically significantly lower incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus and gestational hypertension compared to standard care in women with risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus.

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Dipla, Konstantina, Andreas Zafeiridis, Gesthimani Mintziori, Afroditi K. Boutou, Dimitrios G. Goulis, and Anthony C. Hackney. "Exercise as a Therapeutic Intervention in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus." Endocrines 2, no. 2 (March 26, 2021): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/endocrines2020007.

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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Regular exercise is important for a healthy pregnancy and can lower the risk of developing GDM. For women with GDM, exercise is safe and can affect the pregnancy outcomes beneficially. A single exercise bout increases skeletal muscle glucose uptake, minimizing hyperglycemia. Regular exercise training promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, improves oxidative capacity, enhances insulin sensitivity and vascular function, and reduces systemic inflammation. Exercise may also aid in lowering the insulin dose in insulin-treated pregnant women. Despite these benefits, women with GDM are usually inactive or have poor participation in exercise training. Attractive individualized exercise programs that will increase adherence and result in optimal maternal and offspring benefits are needed. However, as women with GDM have a unique physiology, more attention is required during exercise prescription. This review (i) summarizes the cardiovascular and metabolic adaptations due to pregnancy and outlines the mechanisms through which exercise can improve glycemic control and overall health in insulin resistance states, (ii) presents the pathophysiological alterations induced by GDM that affect exercise responses, and (iii) highlights cardinal points of an exercise program for women with GDM.

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Woodside, Ashley, and Heather Bradford. "Exercise and the Prevention of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus." Nursing for Women's Health 25, no. 4 (August 2021): 304–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nwh.2021.05.009.

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MOTTOLA, MICHELLE F., and RAUL ARTAL. "Role of Exercise in Reducing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus." Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 59, no. 3 (September 2016): 620–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/grf.0000000000000211.

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Wang, Chen, Kym Janese Guelfi, and Hui-Xia Yang. "Exercise and its role in gestational diabetes mellitus." Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine 2, no. 4 (December 2016): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cdtm.2016.11.006.

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Nascimento, Iramar Baptistella do, Raquel Fleig, Matheus Leite Ramos de Souza, and Jean Carl Silva. "Physical exercise and metformin in gestational obesity and prevention on gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review." Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil 20, no. 1 (March 2020): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-93042020000100002.

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Abstract Objectives: identify the action of metformin and physical activities to reduce weight gain and prevent mellitus diabetes in obese pregnant women. Methods: the electronic search was performed in PubMed / MEDLINE, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane library databases between 2008 and 2018. The selection took place between April and July 2018, through the descriptors "pregnancy, obesity, metformin, treatment, exercise". A protocol was programmed and consecutively a selective research on the inclusion / exclusion phase. The "PICO" strategy was used. Population: obese pregnant women. Intervention: physical exercises and metformin. Control: The main indicator established was therapeutic outcomes with physical activity and metformin. Outcome of interest: body weight control. Results: by selecting the database, 3,983 articles were identified on the topic of interest. After selecting and eligibility, only 16 scientific studies were selected, of which 81.25% were clinical trials related to diet programs, physical activity, metformin use and possible outcomes, 18.75% were prospective cohort on causes of obesity in gestation and its association with gestational mellitus diabetes and preventive therapies. The study pointed out the possibility of adapting physical therapy programs with the correct metformin dosage for a greater control in gestational weight gain. However, there is a need for greater awareness and changes in habits for obese woman during the gestational period. Conclusions: the drug presents similarity to physical activity by activating AMPK and may be added to treatments that propose changes in pregnant women’s lifestyle to reduce weight gain and prevent gestational diabetes mellitus with a better understanding of the optimal dosage. Thus, the study suggests the use of metformin is not only for the prevention and the intercurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus, but a strictly careful investigation allowing its use to non-diabetic obese pregnant women.

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Modzelewski, Robert, Magdalena Maria Stefanowicz-Rutkowska, Wojciech Matuszewski, and Elżbieta Maria Bandurska-Stankiewicz. "Gestational Diabetes Mellitus—Recent Literature Review." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 19 (September 28, 2022): 5736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195736.

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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which is defined as a state of hyperglycemia that is first recognized during pregnancy, is currently the most common medical complication in pregnancy. GDM affects approximately 15% of pregnancies worldwide, accounting for approximately 18 million births annually. Mothers with GDM are at risk of developing gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia and termination of pregnancy via Caesarean section. In addition, GDM increases the risk of complications, including cardiovascular disease, obesity and impaired carbohydrate metabolism, leading to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in both the mother and infant. The increase in the incidence of GDM also leads to a significant economic burden and deserves greater attention and awareness. A deeper understanding of the risk factors and pathogenesis becomes a necessity, with particular emphasis on the influence of SARS-CoV-2 and diagnostics, as well as an effective treatment, which may reduce perinatal and metabolic complications. The primary treatments for GDM are diet and increased exercise. Insulin, glibenclamide and metformin can be used to intensify the treatment. This paper provides an overview of the latest reports on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of GDM based on the literature.

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Taousani, Eleftheria, Dimitra Savvaki, Efrosini Tsirou, Maria G. Grammatikopoulou, Basil C. Tarlatzis, Dimitrios Vavilis, and Dimitrios G. Goulis. "Effect of Exercise on the Resting Metabolic Rate and Substrate Utilization in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Results of a Pilot Study." Metabolites 12, no. 10 (October 20, 2022): 998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12100998.

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Regular physical activity during pregnancy has a positive effect on the mother and fetus. However, there is scarce data regarding the effect of exercise in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of the present parallel, non-randomized, open-label, pilot, clinical study was to examine the effect of two exercise programs on the resting metabolic rate (RMR) and substrate utilization in pregnancies complicated by GDM, compared with usual care (advice for the performance of exercise). Forty-three pregnant women diagnosed with GDM between the 24th and 28th gestational week, volunteered to participate. Three groups were formed: Usual care (n = 17), Walking (n = 14), and Mixed Exercise (n = 12). The Usual care group was given advice on maintaining habitual daily activities without any additional exercise. The Walking group exercised regularly by walking, in addition to the habitual daily activities. Finally, the Mixed Exercise group participated in a program combining aerobics and strength exercises. Training intensity was monitored continuously using lightweight, wearable monitoring devices. The Walking and Mixed Exercise groups participated in the training programs after being diagnosed with GDM and maintained them until the last week of gestation. RMR and substrate utilization were analyzed using indirect calorimetry for all participants twice: between 27th and 28th gestational week and as close as possible before delivery. No differences were observed between groups regarding body composition, age, and medical or obstetrical parameters before or after the exercise programs. RMR was increased after the completion of the exercise interventions in both the Walking (p = 0.001) and the Mixed Exercise arms (p = 0.002). In contrast, substrate utilization remained indifferent. In conclusion, regular exercise of moderate intensity (either walking, or a combination of aerobic and strength training) increases RMR in women with GDM compared to the lack of systematic exercise. However, based on the present, pilot data, these exercise regimes do not appear to alter resting substrate utilization.

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Nobles, Carrie, Bess H. Marcus, Edward J. Stanek, Barry Braun, Brian W. Whitcomb, Caren G. Solomon, JoAnn E. Manson, Glenn Markenson, and Lisa Chasan-Taber. "Effect of an Exercise Intervention on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus." Obstetrics & Gynecology 125, no. 5 (May 2015): 1195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000000738.

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Taghiof, Hamed, Shadi Rezai, and Cassandra E. Henderson. "Effect of an Exercise Intervention on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus." Obstetrics & Gynecology 126, no. 3 (September 2015): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000001024.

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Barbosa, Angélica Mércia Pascon, Eusebio Mario Amador Enriquez, Meline Rossetto Kron Rodrigues, Caroline Baldini Prudencio, Álvaro Nagib Atallah, David Rafael Abreu Reyes, Raghavendra Lakshmana Shetty Hallur, et al. "Effectiveness of the pelvic floor muscle training on muscular dysfunction and pregnancy specific urinary incontinence in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review protocol." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 7, 2020): e0241962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241962.

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Background There is ample evidence that gestational diabetes mellitus has a direct influence on urinary incontinence and pelvic floor muscles. There are no standardized pelvic floor muscle exercise programs in the literature for the physiotherapy and differ in the type of exercise, intensity, type and duration of application, and the frequency and duration of treatment sessions. The aim of this systematic review will be to investigate that Pelvic Floor Muscle Training can prevent and/or decrease the pregnancy specific urinary incontinence in women with gestational diabetes mellitus or gestational hyperglycemia. Methods We will perform a systematic review according to the Cochrane methodology of Randomized Controlled Trials. An overall search strategy will be developed and adapted for Embase, MEDLINE, LILACS, and CENTRAL databases, with the date of consultation until June 2020. The MeSH terms used will be "Pregnancy", "Hyperglycemia", "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2", "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1", "Pregnancy in Diabetics", "Diabetes, Gestational", "Urinary Incontinence", "Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength". Primary outcomes: improvement or cure of pregnancy specific urinary incontinence (which can be assessed by questionnaires, and tools such as tampon test, voiding diary, urodynamic study). Secondary outcomes: improvement of pelvic floor muscle strength (pelvic floor functional assessment, perineometer, electromyography, functional ultrasonography), improved quality of life (questionnaires), presence or absence of postpartum Urinary Incontinence and adverse effects. Quality assessment by Cochrane instrument. Metanalysis if plausible, will be performed by the software Review Manager 5.3. Discussion The present study will be the first to analyze the effectiveness of pelvic floor exercises in pregnant women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus or Hyperglycemia, who suffer from pregnancy specific urinary incontinence. Randomized Controlled Trials design will be chosen because they present the highest level of evidence. It is expected to obtain robust and conclusive evidence to support clinical practice, in addition to promoting studies on the theme and contributing to new studies. Trial registration Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42017065281.

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Kousar, Raheela, Farooq Islam, Asim Raza, and Sabeeqa Imtiaz. "Prevalence and Related Risk Factors of Diabetes Mellitus among Multigravida Females with the History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus; A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study." Pak-Euro Journal of Medical and Life Sciences 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/pjmls.v5i2.2515.

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Background: Pakistan is having higher prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been linked with substantial short- and long-term adverse health results, such as Diabetes Mellitus, increased risk of cardio-metabolic disorders later in life among both women and infants. GDM has seven times significantly increased risk of diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study is to calculate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among multigravida females with the history of gestational diabetes. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted on 153 women with multigravida having history of gestational diabetes was selected by convenient sampling. This study was conducted between Augusts to December 2021. Data were collected by a self-structured questionnaire. Data were entered and analyzed by SPSS 24. P value ? 0.05 was considered as significant value. Results: Out of total 153, prevalence of diabetes mellitus persists among the females with multigravida and having the history of gestational diabetes was observed 71(46.40%). Obesity, stress, lack of physical activity, Family history of Diabetes, Hypertension, elevated birth weight are some major risk factors of Diabetes mellitus after GDM. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus that persists after GDM have high prevalence and higher risk among multigravida females. For prevention of DM, early diagnosis screening, awareness should create about risk factors of DM and appropriate exercises during gestation period in females should perform. Keywords: Cross-sectional, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Multigravida, Nulliparous.

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Sharma, Paban K., and Ashis Shrestha. "Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Study." Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2, no. 2 (2010): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1076.

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ABSTRACT Background Maternal hyperglycemia is considered a risk factor for both fetus and mother which can lead to significant morbidity and sometimes, even mortality. Here, we present a two years study of gestational diabetes which was intended to see the incidence and its determinants in the Patan Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Patan Hospital is a tertiary care level teaching hospital. Subjects and Methods All pregnant women visiting ANC clinic or admitted to the ward with the diagnosis of GDM from July 2005 to June 2007 at Patan Hospital were taken for the study. In Patan Hospital, pregnant ladies are routinely screened for diabetes with 50 gm glucose challenge test (GCT) and if the value is more than 140 mg/dl, they are subjected to 100 gm Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). If two or more than two values are increased, they are managed as gestational diabetes. These cases of gestational diabetes are enrolled for the study. Data was collected by interview and laboratory investigations using standard set of questioner. Results Out of 13,382 consecutive deliveries, 53 patients were admitted with the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Among them, 40.4% were Brahmin, 38.5% Newar, 11.5% Chettri and 9.6% from other cast. GDM was more common in the age group 26 to 35 years and was more prevalent in urban population than rural (urban 84.6% vs rural 15.4%). Similarly, it was more common in multipara patients. Only 28.8% of the cases were having polyhydramnios on ultrasound. Mean weight gain in pregnancy was 8.96 kg with a range of 3 to 20 kg approximately, 58% of patients had family history of diabetes, 48.7% of patients had history of GDM in previous pregnancy and 7.7% of patients had overt diabetes. Most of the patients needed insulin (92.3%) and only 7.7% of patients were managed with only diet and exercise. No significant fetomaternal complication was observed in our study. Conclusion There was significant number of cases diagnosed as GDM. All patients who were diagnosed early and treated accordingly had less complications related to mother and child.

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Lindriyani, Ilda, and Rully Hevrialni. "Pengaruh Senam Hamil Terhadap Berat Badan Dan Kadar Gula Darah Ibu Hamil Trimester III Di Kota Pekanbaru." Jurnal Sehat Mandiri 14, no. 2 (December 20, 2019): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33761/jsm.v14i2.111.

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The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in Indonesia is 1.8% in general pregnancy.One of the prevention of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy is sports interventions, including low impact aerobic exercise, such as swimming, jogging and pregnancy exercises. Benefits of pregnancy exercise reduces the risk of gestational obesity.The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pregnancy exercise on body weight and blood sugar levels of third trimester pregnant women.The type of the study was a quasy experiment with a post test control group design.The study population was all trimester III pregnant women and the sample was 15 people for each intervention group and the control group was taken using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection in the form of weight measurements after pregnancy exercise which is measured 1 time / week for 3 consecutive weeks and measurement of blood sugar levels before and after pregnancy exercise. Bivariate analysis used the Independent T-test and Mann Whitney U. The results showed the influence of pregnancy exercises on body weight (p-value 0.04,) and there was no effect of pregnancy exercises on decreasing maternal blood sugar levels (p-value 0.404). It is recommended for midwives to socialize and improve health services, namely pregnancy exercises for pregnant women regularly and periodically, and provide counseling about the benefits and effects of pregnancy exercises on weight and blood sugar levels of third trimester pregnant women.

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Golbidi, Saeid, and Ismail Laher. "Potential Mechanisms of Exercise in Gestational Diabetes." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2013 (2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/285948.

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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance first diagnosed during pregnancy. This condition shares same array of underlying abnormalities as occurs in diabetes outside of pregnancy, for example, genetic and environmental causes. However, the role of a sedentary lifestyle and/or excess energy intake is more prominent in GDM. Physically active women are less likely to develop GDM and other pregnancy-related diseases. Weight gain in pregnancy causes increased release of adipokines from adipose tissue; many adipokines increase oxidative stress and insulin resistance. Increased intramyocellular lipids also increase cellular oxidative stress with subsequent generation of reactive oxygen species. A well-planned program of exercise is an important component of a healthy lifestyle and, in spite of old myths, is also recommended during pregnancy. This paper briefly reviews the role of adipokines in gestational diabetes and attempts to shed some light on the mechanisms by which exercise can be beneficial as an adjuvant therapy in GDM. In this regard, we discuss the mechanisms by which exercise increases insulin sensitivity, changes adipokine profile levels, and boosts antioxidant mechanisms.

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Shi, Yingkun, and Xueyun Meng. "Insulin Aspart Combined with Exercise Therapy in Spleen Deficiency Type Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Effect on Disease Control and Pregnancy Outcomes." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022 (May 11, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3084522.

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Objective. To investigate the effect of insulin aspart combined with exercise therapy on the disease control and pregnancy outcomes of spleen deficiency type gestational diabetes mellitus patients. Methods. In this prospective study, a total of 102 patients with spleen deficiency type gestational diabetes mellitus admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to December 2019 were selected and assigned at a ratio of 1 : 1 via the random number table method to receive insulin aspart (control group) or insulin aspart plus exercise therapy (observation group). Outcome measures include blood sugar, clinical efficacy, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and complications. Results. Insulin aspart plus exercise therapy was associated with significantly lower blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels versus insulin aspart alone ( P < 0.05 ). Insulin aspart plus exercise therapy resulted in significantly higher total efficacy (96.08%) versus insulin aspart (74.51%) ( P < 0.05 ). Patients receiving insulin aspart plus exercise therapy showed a significantly lower incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes (3.92%) versus those given insulin aspart alone (37.25%) ( P < 0.05 ). Insulin aspart plus exercise therapy resulted in a lower incidence of complications (5.88%) versus insulin aspart (41.17%) ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Exercise therapy plus insulin aspart might offer a viable treatment alternative for patients with spleen deficiency-type gestational diabetes mellitus given its promising effects in disease control and pregnancy outcomes, with good efficacy and safety profiles.

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Guelfi, Kym J., Ming Jing Ong, Nicole A. Crisp, Paul A. Fournier, Karen E. Wallman, J. Robert Grove, Dorota A. Doherty, and John P. Newnham. "Regular Exercise to Prevent the Recurrence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus." Obstetrics & Gynecology 128, no. 4 (October 2016): 819–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000001632.

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CORDERO, YAIZA, MICHELLE F. MOTTOLA, JUANA VARGAS, MAITE BLANCO, and RUBÉN BARAKAT. "Exercise Is Associated with a Reduction in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 47, no. 7 (July 2015): 1328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000000547.

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Sharma, Preeti, Neeta Chaudhary, and Suchitra Singh. "A study comparing non-gestational diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus in antenatal patients in a tertiary care center." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 3 (February 27, 2020): 1201. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20200900.

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Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus is defined as any glucose intolerance with the onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Objectives of this study were to diagnose cases of GDM by screening with DIPSI criteria at less than 28 weeks. And observation and comparison of maternal and perinatal outcome in women diagnosed of GDM in less than 20 weeks and at 24-28 weeks.Methods: This was the prospective analytical study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology for one year in Muzaffarnagar medical college and Hospital. After history taking, clinical and obstetrics examination 1503 antenatal patients of less than 28 weeks were enrolled underwent screening with DIPSI criteria. Out of which 80 patients with abnormal OGTT of gestational age less than 20 weeks and 69 patients with abnormal OGTT of gestational age 24 -28 weeks.Results: In early diagnosed GDM group alive and healthy babies were slightly lower as compared with late diagnosed GDM group.Conclusions: The diagnosis of GDM gives us an opportunity in identifying individuals who will be benefitted by early therapeutic intervention with diet, exercise, and normalizing the weight to delay or prevent the onset of the disease.

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Groeller, Herbert, Sandra Lowe, Anthony Worsley, and Arthur Jenkins. "Does exercise have a role in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus?" Obstetric Medicine 3, no. 4 (December 2010): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/om.2010.100047.

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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with a marked increase in the long-term risk of type 2 diabetes and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Engaging in vigorous recreational physical activity prior to and during pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of developing GDM. In contrast, evidence of a therapeutic effect from participation in a structured exercise training regimen, although promising, is limited and requires further more substantial investigation. This paper briefly reviews the pathophysiology of GDM, the evidence related to physical activity participation and exercise regimen intervention on GDM, and the clinical considerations required for prescribing exercise.

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Dingena, Cassy, Daria Arofikina, and Michael Zulyniak. "The Effect of Lifestyle Interventions on Glycemia in Diabetes Mellitus During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac061.020.

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Abstract Objectives Globally, 1 in 7 of all pregnancies are disrupted by diabetes, bestowing immediate and long-term health risks to mother and child. While diet and exercise are commonly prescribed in clinical practise to manage dysglycemia during pregnancy, the independent and combined effectiveness of diet and exercise across populations and types of diabetes (type-1, type-2, or gestational diabetes mellitus) is uncertain. To inform prevention strategies, the effects of distinct independent and combined diet and exercise strategies on gestational dysglycemia were synthesised and evaluated. Methods A systematic search for randomised controlled trials (published after 2000) that investigated the effect of diet and/or exercise interventions on glycemia in pregnant women diagnosed with diabetes was designed for AMED, EMBASE, MEDLINE (via OVID), PubMed, and Scopus. Random effects models were used to test the generalizability of results across studies and within key subgroups stratified by known confounders of gestational dysglycemia (e.g., age, ethnicity, BMI). This project is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021268977). Results Following title-abstract screening of 4803 abstracts, 59 RCTs were included for full-text screening. and 16 studies with 1034 participants were suitable for quantitative analysis. Of these 16 studies, 9 were supplementation-based, 3 were dietary interventions, and 4 were exercise interventions. Furthermore, all studies identified via the systematic search strategy were conducted in patients diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Conclusions We identified numerous studies that evaluated and supported the use of lifestyle interventions for women with GDM; however, there is a lack of research examining lifestyle interventions in pre-existing diabetes in pregnancy. Funding Sources University of Leeds School of Food Science and Nutrition.

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Geranmayeh, Mehrnaz, Sara Bikdeloo, Farahnaz Azizi, and Abbas Mehran. "Effect of relaxation exercise on fasting blood glucose and blood pressure in gestational diabetes." British Journal of Midwifery 27, no. 9 (September 2, 2019): 572–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2019.27.9.572.

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Background Gestational diabetes is a growing problem worldwide, with risks for both the woman and the baby. Stress has been shown to be linked with diabetes, and therefore research is examining the effect of relaxation on blood pressure. Aim To assess the effect of relaxation on blood glucose and blood pressure in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods This quasi-experimental study was performed with a sample of 80 participants. Fasting blood glucose and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured before and after the intervention, which was a 10-week programme of home mind-body and relaxation. Findings Both systolic blood pressure and fasting blood glucose in the control group were significantly higher (P<0.001). Diastolic blood pressure in both groups was not found to be significantly different (P=0.151). Conclusions Relaxation exercises reduce fasting blood glucose and systolic blood pressure in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.

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Afifah, Effatul, Detty Siti Nurdiati, Hamam Hadi, Zaenal Muttaqien Sofro, and Ahmad Hamim Sadewa. "Social Nervous Exercise Intervention and Its Association with Fasting Blood Glucose on Diabetes Mellitus Gestational." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, B (January 16, 2022): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.7893.

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BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been identified as a major complication of pregnancies and has remained a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, in both mother and child. Exercise can be used as a strategy to reduce hyperglycemia experienced during GDM. Regular exercise is important for a healthy pregnancy and can lower the risk of developing GDM. For women with GDM. Exercise is safe and can affect the pregnancy outcomes beneficially. The role of exercise about increases skeletal muscle glucose uptake and minimizing hyperglycemia. Social nervous (SaSo) exercise is a moderate-intensity exercise intervention that plays a role in controlling blood glucose through autonomic nervous stimulation so that it has an effect on glucose homeostasis. Social nervous exercise can stimulate the parasympathetic or myelinated vagus nerves. The social nerve or the social nervous system is the vagus nerve nc-X which is supported by cranial nerves, namely, nerves V, VII, IX, and XI centered in the nucleus ambiguous. AIM: The aim of the study is to determine the impact of a social nervous (SaSo) exercise training program consisting of warm-up, core (prayer movements), and cooling exercises on glucose homeostasis parameters in pregnant women diagnosed with GDM. METHODS: Thirty-seven pregnant women diagnosed with GDM at 24–28 weeks of gestation were allocated into two groups, thats the experimental group (n=19) with the SaSo program being regularly monitored and the control group (n=18) receiving only standard antenatal care for GDM. The Saso program started from the time diabetes was diagnosed until 6 weeks of intervention. Interventions were performed twice per week and sessions lasted 40–45 min. RESULTS: The baseline results for the experimental and control groups were homogeneous, without differences in the baseline variables (p > 0.05). Social nervous exercise the experimental group significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels (p < 0.001) compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: A social nervous exercise program has a beneficial effect on fasting blood glucose levels in late pregnancy.

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Tsirou, Efrosini, Maria G. Grammatikopoulou, Meletios P. Nigdelis, Eleftheria Taousani, Dimitra Savvaki, Efstratios Assimakopoulos, Apostolos Tsapas, and Dimitrios G. Goulis. "TIMER: A Clinical Study of Energy Restriction in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus." Nutrients 13, no. 7 (July 18, 2021): 2457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13072457.

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Medical nutrition therapy is an integral part of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) management; however, the prescription of optimal energy intake is often a difficult task due to the limited available evidence. The present pilot, feasibility, parallel, open-label and non-randomized study aimed to evaluate the effect of a very low energy diet (VLED, 1600 kcal/day), or a low energy diet (LED, 1800 kcal/day), with or without personalized exercise sessions, among women with GDM in singleton pregnancies. A total of 43 women were allocated to one of four interventions at GDM diagnosis: (1) VLED (n = 15), (2) VLED + exercise (n = 4), (3) LED (n = 16) or (4) LED + exercise (n = 8). Primary outcomes were gestational weight gain (GWG), infant birth weight, complications at delivery and a composite outcomes score. Secondary outcomes included type of delivery, prematurity, small- for-gestational-age (SGA) or large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants, macrosomia, Apgar score, insulin use, depression, respiratory quotient (RQ), resting metabolic rate (RMR) and middle-upper arm circumference (MUAC). GWG differed between intervention groups (LED median: 12.0 kg; VLED: 5.9 kg). No differences were noted in the type of delivery, infant birth weight, composite score, prevalence of prematurity, depression, RQ, Apgar score, MUAC, or insulin use among the four groups. Regarding components of the composite score, most infants (88.4%) were appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) and born at a gestational age of 37–42 weeks (95.3%). With respect to the mothers, 9.3% experienced complications at delivery, with the majority being allocated at the VLED + exercise arm (p < 0.03). The composite score was low (range 0–2.5) for all mother-infant pairs, indicating a “risk-free” pregnancy outcome. The results indicate that adherence to a LED or VLED induces similar maternal, infant and obstetrics outcomes.

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Wilson, Mark, and Rami Shenouda. "Exercise As Therapy for Gestational Diabetes - What’s the Evidence?" International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology 6, no. 1 (April 13, 2017): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22631/ijaep.v6i1.93.

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Men and women differ greatly in their physiology; they are able to undertake different types and levels of activity, and also respond differently physiologically to aerobic and anaerobic exercise. Women have an additional capacity for pregnancy and their ability to undergo significant physiological change in a short period of time. They are, however, subject to further conditions that men are not susceptible to, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This review will aim to analyse the recent literature regarding exercise and GDM and determine whether exercise can reduce the risk of developing GDM and any potential sequelae. Despite there being a lack of clear consensus on the subject, exercise is a useful adjunct in the treatment of gestational diabetes and may attenuate some of its more harmful sequelae.

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AlSheikh, Mona Hmoud. "Effect of exercise on glycaemic control and pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A review." Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 64 (July 31, 2020): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_110_2020.

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The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing and is known for its adverse effects on maternal and neonatal health. Physical exercise during pregnancy has been demonstrated to be useful for women without diabetes. However, it is unclear whether exercise can improve glycaemic control, and thereby prevents the unwanted effects of GDM. This review examines the evidence from recent literature, in which various exercise interventions were used to improve glycaemic control and the pregnancy outcomes of women with GDM. For this purpose, literature was searched through Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus, and relevant studies published between 2009 and 2019 were retrieved. In total, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. The findings collated consistently suggest that exercise in women with GDM is not only safe but also is strongly recommended, providing there are no other complications. Exercise for 15–30 min in low to moderate intensity improves glycaemic control and reduces maternal or neonatal complications. However, despite its reported benefits, it is advisable to perform exercises under supervision. In addition, certain intense exercises should be avoided as they can create complications for the mother and/or the foetus.

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S., Ammulu, Fasalu Rahiman O. M., and Muhammed Rasheeq K. P. "Managing gestational diabetes: the role of patient counselling." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 3 (February 26, 2019): 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20190872.

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Background: Unmanaged gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the risk of neonatal and fetal complications and the risk of congenital malformations. Apart from the medications used, non-pharmacological agents such as diet modification, exercise, and patient education can improve the quality of life in GDM patients. The present study was aimed to evaluate the role of patient counselling in the management of GDM in patents.Methods: Unmanaged gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the risk of neonatal and fetal complications and the risk of congenital malformations. Apart from the medications used, non-pharmacological agents such as diet modification, exercise, and patient education can improve the quality of life in GDM patients. The present study was aimed to evaluate the role of patient counseling in the management of GDM in patents.Results: The result showed that there is a slight increase in the QOL of test population with GDM. i.e., there is no significant progression in the disease condition. The result showed that each domain, physical, psychological, social and environmental conditions were improved a lot when compared with the control group.Conclusions: Results suggests a positive impact of patient counseling on the management of GDM in patients.

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An, Yan, Yuanyuan Guo, Hongli Wu, Yuxiang Huang, Dan Xie, and Jinjin Qin. "Conceivable Protective Role of Murraya koenigii Leaf Extract Loaded Poly(D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-Gold-Nanoparticles on the Gestational Diabetes Mellitus of Rats Induced by Streptozotocin." Science of Advanced Materials 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2020.3569.

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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is the utmost common metabolic disorder of pregnancy, related with numerous perinatal complications. Recently, several researches have shown the valuable effect of exercise and medical nutrition therapies on weight control and glycemic control in GDM-affected peoples. In the present investigation, we established a rat model of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) rats by utilizing streptozotocin (STZ) with Murraya koenigii (M. koenigii) extract treated Au-PLGA nanoformulated system. An aggregate of thirty rats was confined together with male rats for pregnancy, out of which twenty-seven pregnant rats were acquired and weighed. The pregnant animals were similarly randomized into control gathering, gestational diabetes mellitus gathering and intercession gathering. After the treatment of M. koenigii leaf extract with Au-PLGA nanosystem, serum glucose and lipids levels of intercession amass were enhanced considerably. Antioxidant enzymes levels of gestational diabetes mellitus aggregate in pancreas and liver tissues were lower than alternate gatherings, and after treatment of M. koenigii leaf extract, cell reinforcement compounds levels in pancreas and liver tissues were equal to the control gathering. M. koenigii leaf extract, wealthy antioxidant agent substances, could maintain a strategic distance from the extreme expending of cell reinforcement chemicals, at that point, smothering the oxidative pressure and insulin opposition, and, along these lines, enhancing blood glucose level of gestational diabetes mellitus in rats.

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Rock, Hilda AG, and Elise Halajian. "Does exercise during pregnancy decrease the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus?" Evidence-Based Practice 18, no. 9 (September 2015): E5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ebp.0000541065.95575.f3.

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Symons Downs, D., and J. S. Ulbrecht. "Understanding Exercise Beliefs and Behaviors in Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus." Diabetes Care 29, no. 2 (January 27, 2006): 236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.29.02.06.dc05-1262.

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de Barros, Marcelo C., Marco A. B. Lopes, Rossana P. V. Francisco, Andreia D. Sapienza, and Marcelo Zugaib. "Resistance exercise and glycemic control in women with gestational diabetes mellitus." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 203, no. 6 (December 2010): 556.e1–556.e6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2010.07.015.

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Hafizi Moori, Mozhgan. "An Updated Review of the Gestational Diabetes." Disease and Diagnosis 10, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ddj.2021.22.

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High blood glucose levels during pregnancy can lead to unfavorable outcomes in the mother, fetus, and neonatal state. This review focused on the latest guidelines on diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of gestational diabetes mellites. This narrative review was conducted by searching through several online databases including PubMed, Science Direct, and Embase for relevant articles using keywords such as "Gestational Diabetes", "Diabetes Mellitus", "Pregnancy", and "guideline" with no date limitations. Based on the literature review, proper treatment of diabetes during pregnancy results in a normal pregnancy, labor, postpartum state. The key to a normal pregnancy is to control and keep your blood sugar levels within the recommended range by various guidelines, which were the discussion subjects of this narrative review in detail. In addition to maintaining normal blood sugar levels before or during pregnancy, there should be a balance between diet, exercise, and insulin intake if indicated for treatment. Gestational diabetes control program needs close monitoring and appraisal with progression in the pregnancy. As a result, recognizing the burden of gestational diabetes is decisive for timely diagnosis and further evaluations by healthcare policymakers. Overall, multiple updates on the guidelines of gestational diabetes management are annually published, and a comparison of these guidelines could inform clinicians to update their approach.

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Ren, Xueqiong, Jianing Jin, Yaer Chen, and Jing Jin. "Research on the Effect of Nursing Methods for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Based on Comprehensive Nursing Intervention." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022 (July 14, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2396658.

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In order to explore the effective way of gestational diabetes care, this paper applies comprehensive nursing to gestational diabetes care. In terms of nursing intervention for pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus, combining the phased changes of pregnant women’s physiological and psychological needs during pregnancy, this paper comprehensively implements health education, diet intervention, exercise intervention, pregnancy monitoring, psychological intervention, infection prevention, and perinatal monitoring and other nursing interventions in a selective and focused manner. This makes the intervention measures at each stage focused, intersecting, interpenetrating, and continuing to play a role, which can effectively improve the implementation effect of the intervention measures and better promote the effective improvement of pregnancy outcomes. In addition, this paper studies the effect of gestational diabetes care based on comprehensive nursing intervention through a controlled trial, and the study verifies that comprehensive nursing has a good effect in gestational diabetes care.

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Vasile, Flavia Cristina, Agnesa Preda, Adela Gabriela Ștefan, Mihaela Ionela Vladu, Mircea-Cătălin Forțofoiu, Diana Clenciu, Ioan Ovidiu Gheorghe, Maria Forțofoiu, and Maria Moța. "An Update of Medical Nutrition Therapy in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus." Journal of Diabetes Research 2021 (November 18, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5266919.

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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a serious and frequent pregnancy complication that can lead to short and long-term risks for both mother and fetus. Different health organizations proposed different algorithms for the screening, diagnosis, and management of GDM. Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT), together with physical exercise and frequent self-monitoring, represents the milestone for GDM treatment in order to reduce maternal and fetal complications. The pregnant woman should benefit from her family support and make changes in their lifestyles, changes that, in the end, will be beneficial for the whole family. The aim of this manuscript is to review the literature about the Medical Nutrition Therapy in GDM and its crucial role in GDM management.

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Vasantha, K., and Maya Menon. "Excessive Early Pregnancy Weight Gain and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus." Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 8, no. 3 (2016): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1415.

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ABSTRACT Objectives To study the association between excessive early pregnancy weight gain and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Materials and methods Study design-prospective observational study done at ESIC Medical College & PGIMSR, Chennai during the period November 2013 to May 2015. A total of 250 women who attended antenatal outpatient department at ESI Hospital Chennai were recruited for the study. Height and weight of the pregnant women was recorded during their first visit (up to 6 weeks) and at 14 weeks of gestation. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated according to Quetelet index. Waist hip ratio was measured at 6 weeks. The early gestation weight gain more than 2 kg was considered as excessive weight gain and was associated to the risk of developing GDM. Blood sugar was estimated using Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group Index (DIPSI) standards. Results Of the 250 women studied, 104 women developed GDM. Excessive weight gain in the 1st trimester of pregnancy was significantly associated with the development of GDM with a p-value of 0.000. The other risk factors studied were BMI (p = 0.0064), waist/hip ratio (p = 0.0015), family history of diabetes mellitus (DM) (p = 0.00), which also had a significant association. Clinical significance This study shows that excessive weight gain in 1st trimester had an increased risk of GDM. The benefit of early identification of excess gestational weight gain would be the opportunity for intervention early in pregnancy to ideally decrease GDM. Conclusion Excessive early pregnancy weight gain, primarily in the 1st trimester may increase the risk of developing GDM. Thus, preventing excessive early pregnancy weight gain in the 1st trimester can be modified by lifestyle changes and simple exercise, which is a costless intervention, and can also decrease maternal and neonatal morbidity effectively. How to cite this article Menon M, Vasantha K. Excessive Early Pregnancy Weight Gain and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(3):189-192.

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Keating, Niamh, Ciara Coveney, Fionnuala M. McAuliffe, and Mary F. Higgins. "Aerobic or Resistance Exercise for Improved Glycaemic Control and Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 17 (August 30, 2022): 10791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710791.

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Exercise is often recommended in addition to diet and medication in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Our aim was to determine if strength training compared with aerobic exercise had an impact on glycaemic control, maternal and neonatal outcomes. The Cochrane library, Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, Google Scholar, and OpenGrey were searched. Over 758 pregnant women (mother-baby pairs) from 14 studies are included in this systematic review. Interventions ranged from cycling, aerobic exercises, walking, yoga, or combined aerobic and resistance exercises. Of the studies identified, none directly compared aerobic exercise with strength training. Half of the studies showed benefit in glycaemic control with additional exercise compared with usual physical activity. There was largely no impact on obstetric or neonatal outcomes. Studies on exercise in GDM have reiterated the safety of exercise in pregnancy and shown mixed effects on maternal glycaemic control, with no apparent impact on pregnancy outcomes. The heterogenicity of reported studies make it difficult to make specific recommendations on the optimum exercise modality for the management of GDM. The use of a core outcome set for GDM may improve reporting of studies on the role of exercise in its management.

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Hopkins, Sarah A., and Raul Artal. "The Role of Exercise in Reducing the Risks of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus." Women's Health 9, no. 6 (November 2013): 569–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/whe.13.52.

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Lust, Olivia, Tana Chongsuwat, Elizabeth Lanham, Ann F. Chou, and Elizabeth Wickersham. "Does Exercise Prevent Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnant Women? A Clin-IQ." Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews 8, no. 3 (July 19, 2021): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17294/2330-0698.1811.

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Juan, Juan, and Huixia Yang. "Prevalence, Prevention, and Lifestyle Intervention of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (December 18, 2020): 9517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249517.

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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has become an epidemic and has caused a tremendous healthy and economic burden in China, especially after the “two-child policy” put into effect on October 2015. The prevalence of GDM has continued to increase during the past few decades and is likely to see a further rise in the future. The public health impact of GDM is becoming more apparent in China and it might lead to the development of chronic non-communicable diseases in the long-term for both mothers and their children. Early identification of high-risk individuals could help to take preventive and intervention measures to reduce the risk of GDM and adverse perinatal outcomes. Therefore, a focus on prevention and intervention of GDM in China is of great importance. Lifestyle interventions, including dietary and physical exercise intervention, are effective and first-line preventive strategies for GDM prevention and intervention. The GDM One-day Care Clinic established in 2011, which educates GDM patients on the basic knowledge of GDM, dietary intervention, physical exercise, weight management, and blood glucose self-monitoring methods, sets a good model for group management of GDM and has been implemented throughout the hospitals as well as maternal and child health centers in China. The current review focus on the prevalence, risk factors, as well as prevention and lifestyle intervention of GDM in China for better understanding of the latest epidemiology of GDM in China and help to improve maternal and neonatal pregnancy outcomes and promote long-term health for women with GDM.

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Joshi, Prajakta Ganesh, and Ganesh Arun Joshi. "Prevalence, clinical presentation and complications of diabetes mellitus in obstetric patients attending a medical college hospital." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 9 (August 28, 2017): 4028. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20174057.

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Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) may be present in the patient before the conception or it may appear during pregnancy. Obstetric management shall ensure prevention of diabetic embryopathy and early detection and management of diabetic complications in pregnancy.Methods: A descriptive observational study was undertaken on participants from a Medical College Hospital. The pre-existing medical disorders, blood sugar, routine antenatal investigations, type of delivery, ultrasound findings, complications of delivery, foetal outcome etc. were recorded. The participants were advised diet, exercise and pharmacotherapy. The intranatal and postnatal events were recorded. The results were compared with related literature.Results: The study had total 89 participants. Five participants (5.6%) had abnormal blood sugar values. Out of these, 2 participants were having pregestational DM and 3 were having gestational DM. Although all the participants who had abnormal blood sugar levels required caesarean section, two could not be operated. One participant with gestational DM who did not follow management advice delivered a macerated still born baby after shoulder dystocia. Another participant having gestational DM, who complied strictly as per dietary advice and exercise, could be managed well without insulin and delivered a healthy baby. The requirement of insulin increased in pregnancy in patients with pregestational diabetes.Conclusions: It is essential to ensure compliance on all three pillars of management of diabetes viz. diet, exercise and insulin during pregnancy. Hence health education for diabetes with special emphasis on obstetric care in pregnancy with diabetes should be promoted.

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Damm, Peter, Bettina Breitowicz, and Hanne Hegaard. "Exercise, pregnancy, and insulin sensitivity – what is new?" Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 32, no. 3 (March 2007): 537–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h07-027.

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Pregnancy is characterized by a marked physiological insulin resistance. Overweight and obesity or lack of physical activity can aggravate this reduced insulin sensitivity further. Increased insulin resistance has been associated with serious pregnancy complications, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pre-eclampsia. Recent studies clearly indicate that physical activity before and during pregnancy can reduce the risk of GDM and pre-eclampsia.

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Sales, Willian, Iramar Nascimento, Guilherme Dienstmann, Matheus Souza, Grazielle Silva, and Jean Silva. "Effectiveness of Metformin in the Prevention of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Obese Pregnant Women." Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics 40, no. 04 (April 2018): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642632.

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Objective To assess the effectiveness of metformin in the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in obese pregnant women attending a public maternity hospital in Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Methods Randomized clinical trial including obese pregnant women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2, divided into two groups (control and metformin). Both groups received guidance regarding diet and physical exercise. The participants were assessed at two moments, the first at enrollment (gestational age ≤ 20) and the second at gestational weeks 24–28. The outcomes assessed were BMI and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis. The data distribution was assessed with the Friedman test. For all the analytical models, the p-values were considered significant when lower than 0.05. The absolute risk reduction was also estimated. Results Overall, 164 pregnant women were assessed and further divided into 82 participants per group. No significant difference was observed in BMI variation between the control and metformin groups (0.9 ± 1.2 versus 1.0 ± 0.9, respectively, p = 0.63). Gestational diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in 15.9% (n = 13) of the patients allocated to the metformin group and 19.5% (n = 16) of those in the control group (p = 0.683). The absolute risk reduction was 3.6 (95% confidence interval 8.0–15.32) in the group treated with metformin, which was not significant. Conclusion Metformin was not effective in reducing BMI and preventing GDM in obese pregnant women.

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Mahmuda, F., A. Yasmin, M. Mahi Uddin, and R. Begum. "Effect of Exercise in the Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." Pulse 6, no. 1-2 (September 6, 2014): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v6i1-2.20346.

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Physical activity (PA) is a key element in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes but it is now well established that participation in regular PA improves blood glucose control and can prevent or delay the type 2 diabetes along with affecting lipids, blood pressure, cardiovascular events, mortality and quality of life. Structured interventions combining PA and modest weight loss have been shown to lower type 2 diabetes risks by up to 58% in high-risk populations. Most benefits of PA on diabetes management are realized through acute and chronic improvements in insulin action, gestational diabetes mellitus, and safe and effective practices for PA with diabetes-related complication. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v6i1-2.20346 Pulse Vol.6 January-December 2013 p.33-36

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