Дисертації з теми "Exercice à charge constante"
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Naouar, Neïla. "Oxygénation musculaire, EMG et fonction ventilatoire chez des sportifs porteurs d'hémoglobinopathie durant un exercice physique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AMIE0025.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis was threefold 1)- To study the ventilatory function during a maximal incremental exercise and a prolonged submaximal exercise in athletes with sickle cell trait (SCT), 2)- To study the performance of the ventilatory function during a constant load exercise in subjects with minor β-thalassemia, 3)- Evaluate the physiological adaptation during prolonged submaximal exercise in athletes with heterozygous sickle cell disease. The first study showed that maximal incremental exercise and constant load exercise induce spirometric fatigue, and decreased strength and endurance of the respiratory muscles in subjects with sickle cell trait. Rectangular exercise significantly affects respiratory muscle strength and endurance than triangular exercise. The second study was showed an impairment of the performance of ventilatory function after performing prolonged submaximal exercise in subjects with minor β-thalassemia. Thus, a significant decrease in the endurance of the respiratory muscles was observed in these pathological individuals in response to constant load exercise compared to healthy subjects. These results confirm that hemoglobinopathic subjects do not have the ability to maintain high levels of ventilation during intense physical exercise. Then, in the third study, the determination of the MAP confirmed that the heterozygous form of sickle cell disease is not a limiting factor in maximal aerobic physical fitness. Adaptation to submaximal effort, assessed by the rapid phase, is perfectly normal in subjects with sickle cell trait. In contrast, the amplitude of the slow component of VO2, which is higher in SCT, suggests that these pathological individuals are characterized by weak tolerance to exercise. This rise was correlated with HbO2 and HHb which were satble during exercise. This stability confirms the generation of the vascular remodeling mechanism in SCT in response to hemorheological problems produced by exercise. An precocious increase in RMS and a 25.63% linear decrease in MPF correlated with HHb, were observed during exercise in pathologic individuals compared to subjects without hemoglobinopathy, affirming that the decrease in erythrocyte deformabilities which are generally reported in subjects with sickle cell trait disrupts the muscular microcirculation in an increased manner which could be responsible for the slow component of VO2. These results show that subjects with hemoglobinopathy could have a less efficient ventilatory function during intense physical exertion than healthy subjects. Also, these individuals might have more significant peripheral muscle fatigue than subjects with normal hemoglobin and stable muscle oxygenation during rectangular exercise. They exhibit aerobic capacity and tolerance to endurance effort inferior than healthy subjects during submaximal effort
Daussin, Frédéric. "Effets d'un entraînement en endurance à charge constante, à charge variable ou à haute intensité chez l'homme : Etude intégrative du systémique au cellulaire." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/DAUSSIN_Frederic_2007.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаEndurance training is currently used in chronical diseases to improved aerobic performance and quality of life of these patients. Continuous endurance training and interval training are the both modalities used in rehabilitation. In a first part, we compared the effects of these two trainings modalities from systemic to cellular adaptations. Sixteen subjects performed the both trainings modalities which are characterized by same energy expenditure and training duration. Aerobic performance was improved by both trainings modalities throughout different adaptations. Interval training improved central adaptations (cardiac output) and peripheral adaptations (capillary density and mitochondrial function) whereas continuous training enhanced capillary density. In the second part, we compared sedentary subjects and endurance athletes to determine the effect of endurance training at high intensity on mitochondrial function. Athletes presented quantitative and qualitative modifications toward a greater capacity to oxidize carbohydrate. Our results improve the knowledge about the endurance training induced adaptation. They favorite the endurance training prescriptions for chronical disease patients and allow to choose the training modality in function of patient’s disease. Finally, it will improve quality of life of chronical disease patients
Abdelmoumen, Saïd. "Contribution à l'étude des déformations différées sous charge constante de composites ciment-caoutchouc." Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIE0104.
Повний текст джерелаDaussin, Frédéric Piquard François. "Effets d'un entraînement en endurance à charge constante, à charge variable ou à haute intensité chez l'homme étude intégrative du systémique au cellulaire /." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/1000/01/DAUSSIN__Frédéric_2007.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGagnon, Katherine. "Impact d'une prise en charge multidisciplinaire sur la fonctionnalité des particules HDL d'adolescents présentant un surplus pondéral." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/32567.
Повний текст джерелаLa prévalence de l’obésité chez les enfants et les adolescents a augmenté de façon importante depuis les dernières décennies. Celle-ci peut apporter des conséquences néfastes sur la santé cardiovasculaire et ainsi, entrainer un développement précoce de l’athérosclérose. L’obésité est, entre autres, associée à une diminution des niveaux de cholestérol HDL et à une diminution de la fonctionnalité des particules HDL. Récemment, il a été démontré que la fonctionnalité des particules HDL était inversement associée au risque de maladies coronariennes. Cependant, peu d’études se sont intéressées à ce sujet chez les jeunes. L’objectif principal de ce projet de maîtrise était d’évaluer l’impact d’un programme d’intervention multidisciplinaire sur la fonctionnalité des particules HDL chez l’adolescent obèse. Vingt-neuf adolescents (16 garçons et 13 filles) âgés de 11 à 16 ans ont participé à cette étude. Le but de l’intervention était d’améliorer les habitudes alimentaires et d’augmenter le niveau d’activité physique. Les jeunes ont été suivis par une équipe multidisciplinaire et ont participé à trois séances d’entrainement par semaine, et ce, pendant 16 semaines. Les résultats suggèrent qu’un programme d’intervention multidisciplinaire peut contribuer à améliorer le profil de risque et la capacité d’efflux des particules de cholestérol HDL chez des adolescents obèses. De plus, ils indiquent que les changements dans la capacité d’efflux des particules de cholestérol HDL sont liés aux changements dans les concentrations de cholestérol HDL.
The prevalence of childhood obesity has significantly increased over the past decades. This increased have adverse effects on cardiovascular health, leading to early development of atherosclerosis. Obesity is associated with a reduced HDL cholesterol level and with a decreased efflux capacity of HDL particles. Recently, it has been shown that efflux capacity of HDL particles is inversely associated with the risk of coronary heart disease. However, only few studies have addressed this issue in obese adolescents. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of a multidisciplinary intervention program on HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) in obese adolescents. Twenty-nine adolescents (16 boys and 13 girls) aged 11 to 16 years were involved in this study. The goal of the intervention was to improve eating habits and increase the level of physical activity. Each youth was followed by a multidisciplinary team and trained three sessions per week for 16 weeks. Results suggest that a multidisciplinary intervention program can help to improve risk profile and HDL CEC in obese adolescents. In addition, results indicate that changes in HDL CEC are related to changes in HDL cholesterol concentrations
Chaussée, Thomas. "Elastomères renforcés modèles : effet de la physico-chimie d'interface à structure constante sur les propriétés viscoélastiques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00811904.
Повний текст джерелаZouari, Sandra Marinier Évelyne. "L'obésité chez l'adolescent résultats d'une prise en charge au sein du réseau Repop Ile-de-France /." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2008. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0488296.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаEllie-Le, Hen Isabelle. "Prise en charge de l'obésité : à propos des résultats à moyen et à long terme d'un suivi d'un an en hôpital de jour." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2M064.
Повний текст джерелаNeves, Katy Andrews. "Achilles Tendon Changes in Downhill, Level and Uphill Running." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4399.
Повний текст джерелаRoche, Johanna. "Le sommeil, ses troubles et la santé cardio-métabolique d'adolescents obèses : effets d'une prise en charge associant exercice physique et modification des habitudes alimentaires." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCE010.
Повний текст джерелаSleep, through its restorative functions, is essential for life. However, lifestyle modifications, sedentary and unhealthy feeding behaviors trigger sleep curtailment and sleep disruption, leading together to weight gain. Obesity is usually associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and these two diseases both induce metabolic dysfunctions and low-grade systemic inflammation. To the best of our knowledge, no study has assessed the effects of exercise reconditioning and modified food habits on these parameters. The purpose of this work was to assess and compare, from an ancillary study, polysomnographic variables between obese adolescents and normal-weight (NW) controls. In the main study, the effects of a 9-month program (exercise reconditioning, adapted physical activities and modified food habits) on sleep architecture, sleep duration, OSA, biological factors (inflammatory, hormonal, carbohydrates and lipid profiles) and physiological adaptations at exercise were assessed, in order to a better understanding of the roles of cardiorespiratory fitness and sleep disorders on cardio-metabolic health. Thirty-two obese adolescents (age: 14.6 years, BMI z-score: 4.7) were recruited. Every parameters were assessed at admission and post-intervention. Short sleep duration and a high prevalence of OSA (58%) were observed at admission in obese adolescents despite a satisfying sleep architecture, compared with NW controls. Post-intervention, weight loss (11kg) and improved parameters of physiological adaptations at exercise (MAP, VE, VO2peak) were found in every subject and OSA was normalized in 46% of them. Sleep quantity and sleep quality were improved. Decreased C-reactive protein (6.78 vs 10.98 mg/l) and leptin concentrations, and increased adiponectin levels were found, and cardio-metabolic risk (CMR) was decreased. At admission, obesity explains by itself the systemic inflammation whereas the decrease in inflammation, post-intervention, is explained by enhanced cardiorespiratory fitness related to fat-free mass, after controlling for sex, weight loss, change in sleep duration and OSA. Prevention of OSA and metabolic dysfunctions by chronic exercise should be an integral part of the obesity management in youths in order to decrease the risk of cardiovascular morbi-mortality in adulthood
Julian, Valérie. "L'entraînement dynamique excentrique dans le cadre de la prise en charge du surpoids et de l'obésité : comparaison à l'entraînement concentrique." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC002.
Повний текст джерелаThe treatment of paediatric obesity relies on multidisciplinary interventions, focusing on the association of physical activity and nutritional education. Physical activity researches attempt to identify the best strategies in order to improve the management of obesity. No study had evaluated the impact of moderate load eccentric (ECC) training in subjects with obesity yet. ECC exercise is characterized by a lower metabolic demand for a high level of exerted force. We hypothesized that an ECC training would prove more efficient at reducing FM than a classic concentric (CON) training. The first study, carried out on adolescents with obesity, compared ECC training with CON training performed at the same oxygen consumption ((V)´O2), using a model of ECC training based on ECC versus CON cycling ergometers. The decrease in BMI was similar after the 2 types of training. However, greater adiposity reduction was observed in response to ECC training. Moreover, ECC training bore additional effects on muscle mass, muscle strength, insulin resistance and quality of life. ECC and CON trainings induced a similar increase in bone mineral density. Besides, ECC training might help to prevent the increase in energy intake observed after classical trainings. In addition, the second study carried out on young rats, compared ECC training with CON training with conditions of iso-(V)´O2 and iso-power output (but lower (V)´O2 in ECC). ECC training was based on a model of downhill versus uphill running. The results were concordant with the previous described and highlighted that beneficial gains in body composition could be obtained with iso-power but lower (V)´O2 ECC training. These results appear to be promising in implementing new strategies based on the use of ECC in the management of obesity
Gerbaix, Maude. "Interventions nutritionnelles, exercice physique et perturbations métaboliques : réponses micro-architecturales, densitométrique, biomécaniques et cellulaires du tissu osseux chez le rat mâle. Induction de l'obésité et prise en charge." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF20061.
Повний текст джерелаWhile obesity has long been considered protective of bone tissue, its nutritional management is linked to a concomitant bone loss. In order to access these mechanisms, male rats were given a high fat / high sucrose diet to induce obesity and its resulting metabolic disorders. Then, these rats participated in a well balanced nutritional program combined, or not, with physical activity in order to treat their obesity. Investigations on density, trabecular micro-architecture, cortical quality, biomechanical properties and cellular parameters of bone tissue were performed on rat’s skeleton. Obesity had improved the bone density and cortical parameters of rats. Obesity management had induced mixed effects. The well balanced diet did alter neither the bone density nor biomechanical and cortical parameters despite the presence of alterations in the trabecular micro architecture and some disturbances of bone cellular activity. Exercise by itself had increased the tibia bone mineral density. Our results show that including exercise in obesity management allows increasing the fat mass loss and maintaining the skeleton integrity. By studying the impact of an obesogenic diet and obesity treatment on bone tissue in rats, this study brings its contribution to the understanding of the mechanisms linking adipose tissue and bone tissue
Edeline, Olivier. "Etude optoélectronique bilatérale de la cinématique des membres inférieurs et de la ceinture pelvienne lors d'un exercice de pédalage : influence du niveau d'expertise et de la charge externe." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112301.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this study were to confirm the pedaling movement asymmetry in cyclists, to assess the effect of workload and training on this pedaling movement asymmetry and to prove that pedaling movement could be modify using a new design of saddle. Optoelectronic studies were performed on trained cyclists and on non-cyclist swimmers who were right handed and footed. The pedaling of their lower limbs were evaluated at 55% VO2max (WL1), 65% VO2max (WL2) and 75% VO2max (WL3). Another optoelectronic study was assess to observe the pedaling movement of cyclists who used two different kind of saddle: a standard saddle and an ergonomic saddle. Pedaling movements of trained cyclists were asymmetric. This asymmetry was workload dependant. These movement asymmetries were more numerous at WL3 than at WL1. At WL3, These asymmetries became localized at the proximal part of the lower limbs and at WL1, we have observed asymmetries at the distal part of the lower limbs. In non-cyclists, pedaling movement asymmetries were more numerous than in cyclists. They did not depend on workload and on localization. Using ergonomic saddle did not modify pedaling pattern. The effectiveness increase with workload could produce these differences observed between cyclists and non-cyclists and could produce distal asymmetries disappearing in cyclists. These asymmetries were characterized by movement amplitudes and movement delays greater on the left side in cyclists and greater on the right side in non-cyclists. These differences could result from nervous system organization and could be due to motor planning modification by training
Hammoudi, Nadjib. "Contribution à l'étude de la désadaptation cardiovasculaire à l'effort : évaluation des pressions de remplissages à un faible niveau de charge et réponse cardio-circulatoire lors d'un exercice dynamique maximal." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066598/document.
Повний текст джерелаDespite normal investigations at rest, latent heart failure can be observed in a number of patients during exercise. We investigated the hypothesis of an impairment of cardiovascular reserve in two pathophysiological models: - in patients at high risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, we measured left ventricular filling pressures at low exercise level in order to unmask early stages of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction;- moreover, using combined echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise testing, a comprehensive study of cardiovascular response to maximal exercise was performed in patients with sickle cell anemia which was chosen as a model of chronic high-output states. We showed that very low exercise level could unmask early stage heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. These results, initially observed using Doppler echocardiography, were confirmed by direct invasive measurement of left ventricular filling pressure during exercise. In patients with sickle cell anemia, we found a decrease of cardiac output response to exercise. This alteration of cardiovascular reserve was characterized by a chronotropic incompetence and a blunted left ventricular preload reserve. The pathophysiological data provided by our studies may help improve and optimize management of patients with heart failure. The stress protocols which have been developed and used in our investigations could be useful to study other models of heart diseases
Fillon, Alicia. "Optimisation des stratégies interdisciplinaires de prise en charge de l'obésité pédiatrique : de l'évaluation clinique aux effets du Timing exercice-repas sur le comportement alimentaire de l'adolescent en situation d'obésité." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC063.
Повний текст джерелаThe rise of pediatric overweight, obesity and of their metabolic complications calls for the development of innovative, effective and integrative weight management strategies. Physical exercise is an essential component of multidisciplinary weight loss interventions that is no longer considered as a simple source of additional energy expenditure but is now recognized for its potential effects on energy intake (EI) and appetite control. The aim of the present work was to assess the effect of the exercise-meal timing (TIMEX program, for Timing Meal - Exercise) on energy intake, appetite sensations and food reward in adolescents with obesity. Based on our results, it would seem beneficial to encourage exercise close to the meal, which will also depend on the time between the exercise and the preceeding meal. Furthermore, our results suggest that these nutritional adaptations to exercise can be further optimized through a timing - intensity interaction, with a potentiated effect through high intensity exercise. As our experimental studies are the first in adolescents with obesity, they call for further works to confirm the present results. However, it seems essential today to consider the timing of exercise as an essential element of our physical activity prescriptions in order to empower our interventions among adolescents with obesity
Gali, Sai Manoj. "Modélisation des relations structure / propriétés de transport de charge dans les matériaux pour l'électronique organique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0693/document.
Повний текст джерелаWith the advancement of technology, miniaturized electronic devices are progressively integrated into our everyday lives, generating concerns about cost, efficiency and environmental impact of electronic waste. Organic electronics offers a tangible solution paving the way for low-cost, flexible, transparent and environment friendly devices. However, improving the functionalities of organic (opto) electronic devices such as light emitting diodes and photovoltaics still poses technological challenges due to factors like low efficiencies, performance stability, flexibility etc. Although more and more organic materials are being developed to meet these challenges, one of the fundamental concerns still arises from the lack of established protocols that correlate the inherent properties of organic materials like the chemical structure, molecular conformation, supra-molecular arrangement to their resulting charge-transport characteristics.In this context, this thesis addresses the prediction of charge transport properties of organic semiconductors through theoretical and computational studies at the atomistic scale, developed along three main axes :(I) Structure-charge transport relationships of crystalline organic materials and the role of energetic fluctuations in amorphous polymeric organic semiconductors. Kinetic Monte-Carlo (KMC) studies employing the Marcus-Levich-Jortner rate formalism are performed on ten crystalline Group IV phthalocyanine derivatives and trends linking the crystalline arrangement to the anisotropic mobility of electrons and holes are obtained. Subsequently, KMC simulations based on the simpler Marcus formalism are performed on an amorphous semiconducting fluorene-triphenylamine (TFB) copolymer, to highlight the impact of energetic fluctuations on charge transport characteristics. A methodology is proposed to include these fluctuations towards providing a semi-quantitative estimate of charge-carrier mobilities at reduced computational cost.(II) Impact of a mechanical strain on the electronic and charge transport properties of crystalline organic materials. Crystalline rubrene and its polymorphs, as well as BTBT derivatives (well studied high mobility organic materials) are subjected to mechanical strain and their electronic response is analyzed. Employing tools like Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulations and plane wave DFT (PW-DFT) calculations, unusual electro-mechanical coupling between different crystallographic axes is demonstrated, highlighting the role of inherent anisotropy that is present in the organic single crystals which translates in an anisotropy of their electro-mechanical coupling.(III) Protonation-dependent conformation of polyelectrolyte and its role in governing the conductivity of polymeric conducting complexes. Polymeric bis(sulfonyl)imide substituted polystyrenes are currently employed as counter-ions and dopants for conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), resulting in PEDOT-polyelectrolyte conducting complexes. Employing MD simulations and DFT calculations, inherent characteristics of the polyelectrolyte like its acid-base behavior, protonation state and conformation, are analyzed in conjunction with available experimental data and the role of these characteristics in modulating the conductivity of resulting PEDOT-polyelectrolyte conducting complexes is highlighted.The above studies, performed on different organic electronic systems, emphasize the importance of inherent characteristics of organic materials in governing the charge transport behavior in these materials. By considering the inherent characteristics of organic electronic materials and systematically incorporating them into simulation models, accuracy of simulation predictions can be greatly improved, thereby serving not only as a tool to design new, stable and high performance organic materials but also for optimizing device performances
Alhaddad, Samiara. "Migration de matières solides dans un milieu poreux : caractérisation de l'érosion interne." Le Havre, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LEHA0008.
Повний текст джерелаThis research work aims to improve knowledge and to better understand the dynamics of internal erosion in soils by suffusion. Internal erosion is defined as migration of particles under the effect of subterranean hydraulic flow. The migration of the constituent elements of soil from the structure causes modification of hydraulic and mechanical characteristics of the structure. Thus, a modification in the permeability of the structure can create a loss of seal or pores pressure that can eventually lead to failure of the structure. The experimental study of the initiation and development of internal erosion by suffusion are conducted using reconstituted soils in columns with rigid walls. The primary objective is to identify and evaluate the influence of various parameters that control spatial and temporal responses of reconstituted soils subjected to flow. The parameters studied are hydraulic conditions, forms and sizes of grains constituting the granular matrix, type and size and the percentage of fines. The internal erosion is quantified by tracking the evolution of hydraulic characteristics and the quantitative and qualitative characterization of suspended particles evacuated. Mathematical models are employed to study the effect of different test parameters on the wrenching and draining of fine particles and to estimate the mass eroded
Lambert, Jérôme. "Etude de la dynamique de charges par microscopie à force électrostatique - Exemple des isolants à grande constante diélectrique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005195.
Повний текст джерелаAmoros, Claire. "Influences de la charge thermique et de l'etat de vigilance sur la reponse sudorale a des stimulations thermiques locales." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13062.
Повний текст джерелаRey, Olivier. "Condition physique objective et perçue chez l’adolescent obèse : évaluation et prise en charge par l’exercice intermittent d’intensité vigoureuse." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4110.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis fits the assessment and follow-up by physical activity of obese adolescents. Two studies measured their psychophysiological responses to an intermittent progressive and maximal running test in 15-15 (Rossi et al., 2009). Compared to the 20 m shuttle run test (Léger et al., 1988), the 15-15 test is considered as relevant for such population as it leads to similar maximal physiological responses, but also to higher speeds and better perceived physical condition of the participants. Two other studies evaluated the effects of a 5 week program of intermittent exercises at vigorous intensity (VIT) on body composition, objective and perceived physical conditions of obese adolescents. The program included 3 weekly VIT sessions that differed in the type and duration of the included sport and physical activities. Improvements were obtained in body composition, functional capacities, particularly among boys, and in most of the scales of perceived physical capacities. The longest VIT sessions led to rapid and regular improvements of all scales of perceived physical capacities
Ait, Arkoub Idir. "Comportement électrochimique d'électrodes à pâte de carbone activées puis modifiées par adsorption de fibrinogène et caractérisation d'ultramicroélectrodes de fibre de carbone." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066196.
Повний текст джерелаGamby, Jean. "Etude de la dynamique de la réaction de transfert de proton sur un atome de carbone non-activé par la technique de photo injection d'électrons." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077048.
Повний текст джерелаThöni, Gilles. "Anomalies métaboliques du patient infecté par le Virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH) sous multithérapie antirétrovirale : vers une individualisation de la prise en charge par l'entraînement aérobie." Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON14007.
Повний текст джерелаDéon, Sébastien. "Transfert d'espèces ioniques dans les membranes de nanofiltration : étude expérimentale et modélisation de la sélectivité." Lorient, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LORIS098.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work was to study the separation of charged molecules by nanofiltration. This study is based on the understanding of the various transport phenomena governing the ions rejection by a charged membrane. For this purpose, a knowledge model was developed including a bi-dimensional description of the transport within the polarization layer, the membrane / solution interface partitioning and the pore transport. An experimental study of various salts rejections was also performed with an AFC 40 membrane (PCI). Estimation of the various parameters and validation of the model were carried out from experiments on various single salt solutions. Behaviour of binary solutions was thus investigated to understand the interactions between the physical mechanisms governing the selectivity between mono- and divalent ions. Finally, a critical review of the physical approach was proposed to introduce potential improvements
Hamache, Djawad. "Modélisation et commande d'un réseau électrique continu." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC027.
Повний текст джерелаThis work investigates control approachs for the stabilization of DC electrical networks. Interactions between different elements of a network i.e, sources, filters and loads may lead to instability. These interactions may be identified by styding a network containing constant power loads (CPLs). To address the problems caused by the interconnection of these elements, different control methods could be evaluated to ensure the stability and maintain network performances throughout its operating range. The first approach uses « backstepping »method, which requiers cascade structure models. However, according to available control input, this approach may be difficult to implement when multiple power loads are present. The second approach is based on passivity theory using « damping injection » control. This control law adds a virtual damper to the input filter loads in order to compensate the negative impedance effect introduced by the CPL. Finally, in order to provide an integrated solution for the problem of network stabilization, an approach based on multiple model representation of the system was investigated. This method also allows to consider the design of an observer when the entire state vector is not measured. To validate and compare the performance of different control methods, a DC electrical network characterized by two loads of different natures and a reversible storage device was defined. The storage device is the only control input considered for the stabilization
ZAWILSKI, BARTOSZ. "Mise en evidence et etude d'une nouvelle phase dans la famille des bronzes de molybdene." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10210.
Повний текст джерелаEddahech, Akram. "Modélisation du vieillissement et détermination de l’état de santé de batteries lithium-ion pour application véhicule électrique et hybride." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14992/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we focus on the reliability of lithium batteries used for automotive applications. For this purpose, electric and thermal characterization methodologies as well as aging tests under several modes (calendar, power cycling, calendar/power cycling) are carried out.In a first part of the work, battery modeling and battery state estimation (state-of-charge and state-of-health) are considered.Then, based on periodic characterization from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, calendar aging is investigated. Next, we proposed an original process for precise battery state-of-health determination that exploits a full recharge and mainly constant-voltage charge step which allows easily its integration within a battery management system. Our experimental results, up to two years real-life data, confirm effectiveness of our technique.Finally, we study the capacity recovery phenomenon occurring due to combined battery aging (calendar/power cycling). This final part is almost dedicated to introduce strategies for battery use presenting at the same time a thermal behavior study
Maghsoodi, Soheib. "Thermo-mechanical behavior of soil-structure interface under monotonic and cyclic loads in the context of energy geostructures." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0031.
Повний текст джерелаIncorporation of heat exchangers in conventional geostructures like piles can extract the heat from the soil for heating purposes and inject it to the soil for cooling purposes. In recent years, research has been conducted at full and laboratory scale to investigate the effect of temperature on the geotechnical behavior of these energy geostructures as well as on the surrounding soil. Indeed, these energy geostructures can be subjected to cyclic mechanical loads and thermal variations throughout their lifetime. The aim of this study was to deepen the understanding regarding the behavior of sand/clay-structure contact under complex thermo-mechanical loads. A temperature-controlled direct shear device to perform monotonic and cyclic constant normal load or constant normal stiffness tests was developed. The response of the interface to the thermal effects on the mechanical behaviour of soils and soil-structure interface was investigated. Fontainebleau sand and kaolin clay were used as proxies for sandy and clayey soils. The results showed that the applied thermal variations have a negligible effect on the shear strength of the sand and sand-structure interface. In clay samples the temperature increase, increased the cohesion and consequently the shear strength, due to thermal contraction during heating. The adhesion of the clay-structure interface, was less than the cohesion of the clay samples. To investigate the mechanical cyclic load effects on the clay-structure interface at different temperatures, monotonic and cyclic constant-volume equivalent-undrained direct shear tests were performed on clay-clay and clay-structure interface at different temperatures. The results showed that, the number of cycles to failure for the clay-structure interface test was lower than that for the clay-clay case in the same range of cyclic and average shear stress ratios. Increasing the temperature, decreased the rate of strain accumulation and the number of cycles to failure increased by 2-3 times. The rate of degradation (degradation parameter, t) decreased by 16% with heating from 22 to 60oC for the different cyclic stress ratios tested. A non-isothermal soil-structure interface model based on critical state theory was then developed. The non-isothermal model takes into account the effect of temperature on the void ratio of interface prior to shearing. The model is capable to capture the effect of temperature on soil-structure interface under constant normal load and constant normal stiffness conditions for both sandy and clayey interfaces. The additional parameters have physical meanings and can be determined from classical laboratory tests. The formulation is in good agreement with the experimental results and the main trends are properly reproduced
Magne, Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude de la stabilité et à la stabilisation des réseaux DC à récupération d'énergie." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0119/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is devoted to the analysis of the instability phenomenon that may appear on the DC bus of DC microgrids. Indeed, interaction between the different electrical subsystems of the grid (source, load, filters) can lead, under certain conditions, to the system instability. From the "Constant Power Load" (CPL) hypothesis for the loads, this thesis presents studying methods for "small-signal" and "large-signal" stability analysis of electrical systems. This highlights that a DC microgrid cannot power the loads more than a maximum limit without becoming unstable. This power limitation depends on the structure of the grid, the value of its passive components, and its bus voltage. In order to improve the microgrid stability, stabilization methods are presented in this thesis. They propose to adapt the loads control to ensure the system stability. This is achieved by the addition of a stabilizing signal to the reference of each load. This signal is only visible during the load power transient mode to not change the requested operating point. However, a good trade-off must be found to ensure system stability without affecting the dynamic performance of its loads. Two approaches are investigated to generate the stabilizing commands. The first one is based on the establishment of a centralized stabilization block. Two centralized methods have been developed: the first one is based on the Takagi-Sugeno theory while the second is based on the Lyapunov theory. This latest permits to guide the stabilizing effort on the desired loads. For example, stabilizing effort can be oriented on the energy storage device. The second approach is based on the establishment of a multi-agent stabilizing system. It consists of a decentralized structure in which each agent corresponds to a stabilization block. These will locally compensate the destabilizing impact of their respective load on the microgrid, and their combined actions ensure the system stability. To design the system, the use of a constrained optimization algorithm is proposed. This permits to minimize stabilization efforts while considering faulty events such as the failure of one of the agents or a reconfiguration of the microgrid
EDDAHECH, Akram. "Modélisation du vieillissement et détermination de l'état de santé de batteries lithium-ion pour application véhicule électrique et hybride." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957678.
Повний текст джерелаCherqaoui, Bennaceur. "Etude du comportement rhéologique à l'état fondu et du comportement diélectrique du polyfluorure de vinylidène chargé de titanate de baryum." Saint-Etienne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STET4007.
Повний текст джерелаROCHE, Johanna. "Le sommeil, ses troubles et la santé cardio-métabolique d'adolescents obèses : effets d'une prise en charge associant exercice physique et modification des habitudes alimentaires." Thesis, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCE010.
Повний текст джерелаSleep, through its restorative functions, is essential for life. However, lifestyle modifications, sedentary and unhealthy feeding behaviors trigger sleep curtailment and sleep disruption, leading together to weight gain. Obesity is usually associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and these two diseases both induce metabolic dysfunctions and low-grade systemic inflammation. To the best of our knowledge, no study has assessed the effects of exercise reconditioning and modified food habits on these parameters. The purpose of this work was to assess and compare, from an ancillary study, polysomnographic variables between obese adolescents and normal-weight (NW) controls. In the main study, the effects of a 9-month program (exercise reconditioning, adapted physical activities and modified food habits) on sleep architecture, sleep duration, OSA, biological factors (inflammatory, hormonal, carbohydrates and lipid profiles) and physiological adaptations at exercise were assessed, in order to a better understanding of the roles of cardiorespiratory fitness and sleep disorders on cardio-metabolic health. Thirty-two obese adolescents (age: 14.6 years, BMI z-score: 4.7) were recruited. Every parameters were assessed at admission and post-intervention. Short sleep duration and a high prevalence of OSA (58%) were observed at admission in obese adolescents despite a satisfying sleep architecture, compared with NW controls. Post-intervention, weight loss (11kg) and improved parameters of physiological adaptations at exercise (MAP, VE, VO2peak) were found in every subject and OSA was normalized in 46% of them. Sleep quantity and sleep quality were improved. Decreased C-reactive protein (6.78 vs 10.98 mg/l) and leptin concentrations, and increased adiponectin levels were found, and cardio-metabolic risk (CMR) was decreased. At admission, obesity explains by itself the systemic inflammation whereas the decrease in inflammation, post-intervention, is explained by enhanced cardiorespiratory fitness related to fat-free mass, after controlling for sex, weight loss, change in sleep duration and OSA. Prevention of OSA and metabolic dysfunctions by chronic exercise should be an integral part of the obesity management in youths in order to decrease the risk of cardiovascular morbi-mortality in adulthood