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1
Schoneveld, Erin. "Shirakaba and Rodin: A Transnational Dialogue between Japan and France." Journal of Japonisme 3, no. 1 (December 4, 2018): 52–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24054992-00031p02.
Анотація:
This essay examines the role ofShirakaba(White Birch, 1910-1923) as an art magazine that aspired to create new audiences and foster the exchange of ideas by providing an alternate space to address diverse views about modern art, literature, theory, and identity. In addition to introducing European modernism to Japan through the writings of western artists, authors, and thinkers,Shirakabacreated access to and direct exchange of artwork with a number of artists such as Auguste Rodin (1840-1917), Heinrich Vogeler (1872-1942), Max Klinger (1857-1920), and Bernard Leach (1887-1979). Among these,Shirakaba’stransnational dialogue with the French sculptor Auguste Rodin was the most significant. I argue thatShirakaba’sdiscourse with Rodin not only facilitated new forums for the public access and display of modern art in Japan, but also was emblematic of its humanist ideology rooted in artistic subjectivity and self-expression.
2
Fukuda, Madoka. "The Normalization of Sino-French Diplomatic Relations in 1964 and the Formation of the “One-China” Principle: Negotiations over Breaking French Diplomatic Relations with the Republic of China Government and the Recognition of the People’s Republic of China as the Sole Legitimate Government." World Political Science 8, no. 1 (October 18, 2012): 252–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/wpsr-2012-0013.
Анотація:
AbstractThis article examines the substance and modification of the “One-China” principle, which the government of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) pursued in the mid 1960s. Under this principle, a country wishing to establish diplomatic relations with the PRC was required first to break off such relations with the Republic of China (ROC). In 1964 the PRC established diplomatic relations with France. This was its first ambassadorial exchange with a Western government. The PRC, in the negotiations over the establishment of diplomatic relations, attempted to achieve some consensus with France on the matter of “One-China”. The PRC, nevertheless, had to abandon these attempts, even though it demanded fewer conditions of France than of the United States (USA), Japan and other Western countries in the 1970s. The PRC had demanded adherence to the “One-China” principle since 1949. France, however, refused to accept this condition. Nevertheless, the PRC established diplomatic relations with France before the latter broke off relations with the ROC. Subsequently, the PRC abandoned the same condition in negotiations with the African governments of the Republic of Congo, Central Africa, Dahomey and Mauritania. After the negotiations with France, the PRC began to insist that the joint communiqué on the establishment of diplomatic relations should clearly state that “the Government of the People’s Republic of China is the sole legal government of China”. However, France refused to insert these words into the communiqué. Afterwards, the PRC nevertheless insisted on putting such a statement into the joint communiqués or exchanges of notes on the establishment of diplomatic relations with the African countries mentioned above. This was done in order to set precedents for making countries accede to the “One-China” principle. The “One-China” principle was, thus, gradually formed in the process of the negotiation and bargaining between the PRC and other governments.
3
Lou, Tienwei, and Wuchang Luo. "Revisiting Quantile Granger Causality Between the Stock Price Indices and Exchange Rates for G7 Countries." Asian Economic and Financial Review 8, no. 1 (December 5, 2017): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2018.81.9.21.
Анотація:
The daily data of the stock price index and the foreign exchange rate in G7 were utilized for the period between January 4, 1999 and June 30 2015. From the empirical study of Granger causality test in quantiles, there are three main findings. Firstly, there is no long-run significant relationship between the stock price index and exchange rate in G7. Secondly, different types of short-run relationships exist between the two variables among G7 countries. In Canada, Italy, and U.S.A., the relationship is bidirectional, and the asymmetric effect is at different quantiles. In France and Japan, the relationship is unidirectional, from the stock price index to the exchange rate, and the relationship is at different quantiles for the two countries. In Germany and U.K., the relationship is unidirectional in the opposite direction and is also at different quantiles. Lastly, it shows that international trading effects at different quantiles exist in Canada (at high quantile), Italy (at median quantile), and U.K. (at low quantile). On the other hand, portfolio balance effects at different quantiles exist in Germany (at low and median quantiles) and U.S.A. (at high quantile). The study shows neither effect in France and Japan. The empirical findings in this paper have important implications for academicians, international institutional investors, and policy-makers on the G7 markets.
4
Yin, Huiyi. "Unveiling Cross-Cultural Hidden Nexus: An Analysis of Chinas Contribution to the Cultural Influence of the East on the West." Communications in Humanities Research 31, no. 1 (May 17, 2024): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/31/20231978.
Анотація:
Even though the cultural communication between Japan and Europe is massively documented, such as the impact of ukiyo-e prints on Impressionism, Chinese culture's enormous contributions are overlooked. Ukiyo-e is often regarded as the primary source that influenced Impressionism from the East during the Meiji Restoration in the fin de sicle. The East's impact on the West is long-lasting rather than explosive. The critical power of traditional Chinese art and innovations, for example, the moveable type printing, over the evolution of European art movements has yet to be noticed due to political and geographic limitations. Citing paintings by Ma Yuan (1160-1225), Li Song ( active 1190-1230) and Wang Ximeng (1096-1119) in China, Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1849), Utagawa Kuniyoshi (1798- 1861), and Hiroshige (1797- 1858) in Japan, Vincent Van Gogh (1853- 1890) in the Netherlands, and Claude Monet (1840-1926) in France, among others, as examples of specific comparisons and cultural analyses, this article delves into the hidden connections and cultural exchanges, through working on the technical and iconographical forms from ancient China that shaped the European art in the epoch of high modernism.
5
Thao, Nguyễn Hồng. "South China Sea: Battle of the Diplomatic Notes among China and Non-Claimant States." Asia-Pacific Journal of Ocean Law and Policy 8, no. 1 (June 16, 2023): 128–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519391-08010007.
Анотація:
Abstract The South China Sea disputes are becoming increasingly tense with more and more countries expressing their views on legal issues and actions of claimant Statess in the South China Sea. In December 2019, Malaysia deposited a partial submission to the United Nations Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf to establish the limits of its extended continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles in the northern part of the South China Sea. The submission sparked a new legal battle of diplomatic notes with the participation of South China Sea coastal States which can also be regarded as claimant States in the contet of the South China Sea disputes (Brunei, China, Malaysia, the Philippines and Viet Nam) as well as non-claimant States (Australia, France, Germany, Indonesia, Japan, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States). Following the article “South China Sea: New Battle of the Diplomatic Notes among claimants in 2019–2021” published in the Asia-Pacific Journal of Ocean Law and Policy 6 (2021), this paper provides an analysis of the exchange of diplomatic notes between China and non-claimant States with the aim of understanding the impact of these exchanges on the prospect for the peaceful settlement of the maritime disputes in the South China Sea.
6
CHEN, Fangdai. "“World Literature” between Transcultural Poetics and Colonial Politics: Yang Chichang, Le Moulin, and Surrealism in Taiwan." Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 34, no. 2 (December 2022): 313–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/mclc.2022.0016.
Анотація:
This article investigates the artistic and political significance of the Le Moulin poetry society (Fengche shishe) to both Taiwan literature and world literature. Founded in 1933 in occupied Taiwan, the group consisted of Taiwanese and Japanese poets united by their aim to adopt the surrealist poetics that circulated from France via Japan. Although revisionist efforts have been made in the past two decades to integrate Le Moulin into Taiwan’s literary history, existing scholarship has largely adopted postcolonial and Sinophone frameworks. Huang Yali’s 2016 documentary, however, propounds the possibility of considering Le Moulin as world literature in Kuei-fen Chiu’s dual definition — participating in the formation of a world community of cross-cultural exchanges and opening up new literary worlds through aesthetic experimentation. This article expands Chiu’s model by contending that the Le Moulin poets’ subjugation by colonial politics and their controversial articulations of so-called “colonized mentality” were integral parts of their participation in and identification with world literature. This investigation of their political awareness and efforts to participate in the surrealist movement reveals how they unceasingly crusaded for the survival of a “world of literature” against external forces that sought to eliminate literature’s expressive potential in response to its time. Although their unilateral transculturation of French surrealism does not fit with David Damrosch’s model of translation and global circulation, Le Moulin’s contribution to the continuation and maintenance of surrealism and avant-garde poetry prompts us to reconsider and recognize the merits of works of world literature that have so far been marginalized.
7
Eboigbe, Sharlywest Uwabor, and Innocent Okwuosa. "Test of Linkage between Governance Style and National Economic Indices." International Journal of Financial Research 9, no. 1 (January 25, 2018): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v9n1p226.
Анотація:
The relationship between the deliberate reinvention of the wheel, for macroeconomic indices such as interest rate, inflation, exchange rate, stock prices, index of industrial output within the electoral windows and the political parties’ (incumbent and opposition) ideology is the focus of this study. Monthly macroeconomic data for UK, USA, Japan, China, Hong Kong, Egypt, South Africa, Brazil, Nigeria, France and Germany from Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) as well as World Bank for the period of 2000-2015 were used in the study. Employing majorly, the dynamic Genaralized Method of Moment (GMM) estimation technique, the study reveals that the coefficients of partisanship effects have the same negative signs and is significant for all the countries except Nigeria and Egypt. Also, the coefficients are similar in terms of size (US and China). Hence, the results show that party orientation does have significant impact on stock market returns of the selected countries with greater impact on Nigeria and Egypt. Strengthening the various regulatory agencies in charge of these macroeconomic policies is recommended to avoid this uncessary manoeuvring in governance. We are of the view that automation of capital markets activities will reduce the chances of manipulating capital market economic data.
8
Narend, S., and M. Thenmozhi. "Do Country ETFs Influence Foreign Stock Market Index? Evidence from India ETFs." Journal of Emerging Market Finance 18, no. 1_suppl (April 2019): S59—S86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972652719831550.
Анотація:
We examine the influence of country exchange traded funds (ETFs) on the country’s stock market indices, irrespective of their underlying benchmark. A pooled ordinary least square (OLS) analysis of a sample of 28 India ETFs listed in the US, UK, Canada, France, Japan, Israel and Singapore reveals that India ETFs have a significant impact on the country’s stock indices. We also document reverse causal dynamics between country ETFs and the country’s stock indices. The results are robust even after controlling for global effects, stock market volatility, foreign institutional investor (FII) flows, foreign exchange rate and asset size of India ETFs. The findings of the study have implications for global investors and policymakers in both emerging and developed markets. Policymakers would find it compelling to monitor country ETFs’ fund flows into the underlying country, as withdrawal of country ETFs could have a cascading effect on the economy. JEL Classification: G11, G15, G23
9
Lapègue, Sylvie, Serge Heurtebise, Florence Cornette, Erwan Guichoux, and Pierre-Alexandre Gagnaire. "Genetic Characterization of Cupped Oyster Resources in Europe Using Informative Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Panels." Genes 11, no. 4 (April 21, 2020): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11040451.
Анотація:
The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, was voluntarily introduced from Japan and British Columbia into Europe in the early 1970s, mainly to replace the Portuguese oyster, Crassostrea angulata, in the French shellfish industry, following a severe disease outbreak. Since then, the two species have been in contact in southern Europe and, therefore, have the potential to exchange genes. Recent evolutionary genomic works have provided empirical evidence that C. gigas and C. angulata exhibit partial reproductive isolation. Although hybridization occurs in nature, the rate of interspecific gene flow varies across the genome, resulting in highly heterogeneous genome divergence. Taking this biological property into account is important to characterize genetic ancestry and population structure in oysters. Here, we identified a subset of ancestry-informative makers from the most differentiated regions of the genome using existing genomic resources. We developed two different panels in order to (i) easily differentiate C. gigas and C. angulata, and (ii) describe the genetic diversity and structure of the cupped oyster with a particular focus on French Atlantic populations. Our results confirm high genetic homogeneity among Pacific cupped oyster populations in France and reveal several cases of introgressions between Portuguese and Japanese oysters in France and Portugal.
10
Borne, Pierre. "Preface." International Journal of Computers Communications & Control 1, no. 4 (October 1, 2006): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/ijccc.2006.4.2301.
Анотація:
<p>Over the last decades, it has become a strong need for exchange on common computational and algorithmic tools between researchers working in different application backgrounds. Under this situation, the first CESA conference (CESA96) was successfully held in Lille, France in July 1996.<br /> The Multiconference on “Computational Engineering in Systems Applications” (CESA2006), was co-sponsored by IMACS (the International Association for Mathematics and Computers in Simulation) and IEEE Systems Man and Cybernetics (IEEE/SMC) Society, and has been held on 4-6 October 2006 in Beijing, China. It aim was to bring together scholars and practitioners from academia and industries to exchange the latest development in theories, and applications of computational techniques. This Conference was co-chaired by Professor Pierre Borne (Ecole Centrale de Lille, France) and Professor Bo Zhang (Tsinghua University, China). In addition to the plenary lectures presented by Professor James M. Tien (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA), Professor Tianyou Chai (Northeastern University, China), Professor Florin G. Filip (Vice President of the Romanian Academy), Professor Jianwei Zhang (University of Hamburg, Germany) and Professor Toshio Fukuda (Nagoya University, Japan), 388 communications have been selected and accepted for presentation.<br /> The papers presented in this special issue correspond to enlarged and improved papers which have been selected among the best communications presented during the conference</p>
11
Gómez, Mario, and Lisset Cándano. "Economic growth, tourism, and economic policy uncertainty in the main tourist destinations (1998-2018)." econoquantum 21, no. 1 (December 31, 2023): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18381/eq.v21i1.7315.
Анотація:
Objective: to study the relationship among tourism demand and economic growth, real exchange rate, and economic policy uncertainty (EPU) in Australia, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Methodology: cross-section dependence, unit root, and cointegration tests were applied. The long-term model was estimated according to the Panel-Corrected Standard Error (PCSE), Feasible Generalised Least Squares (FGLS), and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS). Results: the results show a positive relationship between economic growth and the real exchange rate concerning tourism demand. In the long term, the causality relationship is from uncertainty, exchange rate, and GDP to tourism. The feedback hypothesis is validated. Limitations: availability of data.Originality: it studies the joint influence of economic growth and the EPU on demand for tourism in the countries of the world’s leading destinations for international tourism according to international tourist income. Conclusions: tourism will drive general economic growth and, correspondingly, investment in other sectors of the economy will also influence an increase in tourism.
12
Belke, Ansgar, and Dominik Kronen. "Exchange rate bands of inaction and hysteresis in EU exports to the global economy." Journal of Economic Studies 46, no. 2 (March 4, 2019): 335–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-01-2018-0022.
Анотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to estimate the effect of policy and exchange rate uncertainty shocks on EU countries’ exports to the world economy. The authors examine the performance of the four biggest economies, namely Germany, France, Italy and the UK, under policy and exchange rate uncertainty in exports to some of the most important global export destinations (the USA, Japan, Brazil, Russia and China). Design/methodology/approach For this purpose, the authors apply a non-linear model, where suddenly strong spurts of exports occur when changes of the exchange rate go beyond a zone of inaction, which the authors call “play” area – analogous to mechanical play. The authors implement an algorithm describing path-dependent play hysteresis into a regression framework. The hysteretic impact of real exchange rates on exports is estimated based on the period from 1995M1 to 2015M12. Findings Looking at some of the main export destinations of the selected EU member countries, the USA, Japan and some of the members of BRICS (Brazil, Russia and China), the authors identify significant hysteretic effects for a large part of the EU member countries’ exports. The authors find that their export activity is characterized by “bands of inaction” with respect to changes in the real exchange. To check for robustness, the authors estimate export equations for limited samples: excluding the recent financial crisis and excluding the period up to the burst of the dotcom bubble and September 11. In addition, the authors employ an economic policy uncertainty variable and an exchange rate uncertainty variable as determinants of the width of the area of weak reaction of exports. Research limitations/implications Overall, the authors find that those specifications which take uncertainty into account display the highest goodness of fit, with economic policy uncertainty dominating exchange rate uncertainty. In other words, the option value of waiting dominates the real exchange rate effect on the EU member countries’ exports. Practical implications The existence of “bands of inaction” (called “play”) in EU member countries’ exports should lead to a more objective discussion of peaks and troughs in those countries’ real exchange rates and, more specifically, of the relevance of internal and external devaluation and other indicators to gain international competitiveness on exports in political debates. If policy and/or exchange rate uncertainty are diminished, one may expect an earlier boost in exports, if the home currency is devaluing in real terms. Social implications The results are useful as arguments in the debate about exchange rate pain threshold vs export triggers. Originality/value The authors focus on the export performance of the four biggest economies in the European Union, namely Germany, France, Italy and the UK. The authors examine their respective export performance, as an innovation, under policy and exchange rate uncertainty and, for this purpose, look at some of the most important global export destinations (the USA, Japan and the BRICS (Brazil, Russia and China)). The authors do so, also as an innovation, by differentiating between intervals of weak and strong reaction of their exports to real exchange rate changes.
13
Zhou, Xinsheng, Qinyang Guo, Yuanyuan Wang, and Guofeng Wang. "Trade and Embodied CO2 Emissions: Analysis from a Global Input–Output Perspective." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (November 7, 2022): 14605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114605.
Анотація:
Global trade drives the world’s economic development, while a large amount of embodied carbon is transferred among different countries and regions. Based on a multi-regional input–output model, the trade embodied carbon transfers of bilateral trade between 185 countries/regions around the world were calculated. On the basis, regional trade embodied carbon transfer patterns and major national trade patterns in six continents, eight major economic cooperation organizations, and six representative countries/regions were further analyzed. The results showed that Europe was the continent with the largest embodied carbon inflows from trade and Africa was the continent with the largest embodied carbon outflows from trade. China was the country which had the largest embodied carbon outflows from trade, while the United States, France, Japan, and Germany were countries which had embodied carbon inflows from trade. OECD, EU, and NAFTA were the economic cooperation organizations with embodied carbon inflows from trade, while BRICS, SCO, RCEP, OPEC, and ASEAN were economic cooperation organizations with embodied carbon outflows from trade. Developed countries such as the United States, France, and the United Kingdom protected their environment by exporting high-value products and importing low-value and carbon-intensive products. Developing countries such as China and Russia earned foreign exchange by exporting carbon-intensive and commodity products at a huge environmental cost. In contrast, Germany, China, and Russia played different roles in the global industrial chain, while Germany exchanged more trade surpluses at lower environmental costs. Therefore, for different countries and regions, their own industries should be actively upgraded to adjust the import and export structure, the cooperation and coordination in all regions of the world should be strengthened, and the transfers of embodied carbon needs to be reduced to make the trade model sustainable.
14
Sollinger, Guenther. "Aeronautical Periodicals (1783–1945) – A Reflection of Air Power." History of Engineering Sciences and Institutions of Higher Education 3 (October 15, 2019): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/hesihe.2019.008.
Анотація:
Periodical publications have played an important role in the development of aeronautics, providing a platform for scientific exchange and informing the public about the ongoing progress. This study analyzes periodicals covering the issues related to aeronautics from 1783 to 1945 on a worldwide scale. It assumes that the number and diversification of periodicals dedicated to aeronautics published in a given country depend directly on the level of development of air power in that country. The result shows that periodicals from only four countries dominated, three fourths of all titles published coming from France, Germany, Great Britain and the United States. In 1945, by the end of the period under study, these four countries, together with the Soviet Union and Japan, were also the world’s dominant air powers in terms of both civil and military air activities. The study also analyzes the development of periodicals over time, the diversification of periodicals by major subject areas and the interdependence of information flows between the four major air powers.
15
SPULBAR, CRISTI, MOHAMMAD EHSANIFAR, RAMONA BIRAU, TIBERIU HORAȚIU GORUN, IULIUS DANIEL DOAGĂ, ABDULLAH EJAZ, MITHUN S. ULLAL, and CRISTIAN VALERIU STANCIU. "Is Taiwan a black swan phenomenon for local textile and clothing industry?A robust nonlinear regression-based model for stock exchange prediction." Industria Textila 71, no. 06 (December 10, 2020): 580–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.071.06.1737.
Анотація:
Local apparel and textile manufacturing industry in Taiwan is a sector of great importance for sustainable economicgrowth. A stock market is an effective barometer indicating the economic health of a country and Taiwan is a case evenmore special. However, is Taiwan a black swan phenomenon for local apparel and textile manufacturing industryconsidering its economic growth and financial perspectives? In addition to existing literature, this research articleprovides a new robust nonlinear regression-based model for stock exchange prediction for Taiwan stock market. Thefinancial data series used for the econometric analysis include the period from January 2000 to July 2018 for 13 mainstock markets from countries all around the globe, such as: Taiwan, Spain, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Canada, USA,Japan, Germany, France, UK, India, and China. The final multiple regression equation provides a new prediction modelfor Taiwan’s main stock market index. A sustainable economic growth in Taiwan is necessary to achieve major objectivessuch as social justice, poverty alleviation and natural environment protection. The stock market in Taiwan plays anessential role in order to stimulate economic growth and technological progress by attracting foreign investment andforeign capital. In a globalized economy, the inter-linkages between stock markets are complex and can significantlyinfluence Taiwan’s sustainable development.
16
SPULBAR, CRISTI, MOHAMMAD EHSANIFAR, RAMONA BIRAU, TIBERIU HORAȚIU GORUN, IULIUS DANIEL DOAGĂ, ABDULLAH EJAZ, MITHUN S. ULLAL, and CRISTIAN VALERIU STANCIU. "Is Taiwan a black swan phenomenon for local textile and clothing industry?A robust nonlinear regression-based model for stock exchange prediction." Industria Textila 71, no. 06 (December 10, 2020): 580–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/t.071.06.1737.
Анотація:
Local apparel and textile manufacturing industry in Taiwan is a sector of great importance for sustainable economicgrowth. A stock market is an effective barometer indicating the economic health of a country and Taiwan is a case evenmore special. However, is Taiwan a black swan phenomenon for local apparel and textile manufacturing industryconsidering its economic growth and financial perspectives? In addition to existing literature, this research articleprovides a new robust nonlinear regression-based model for stock exchange prediction for Taiwan stock market. Thefinancial data series used for the econometric analysis include the period from January 2000 to July 2018 for 13 mainstock markets from countries all around the globe, such as: Taiwan, Spain, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Canada, USA,Japan, Germany, France, UK, India, and China. The final multiple regression equation provides a new prediction modelfor Taiwan’s main stock market index. A sustainable economic growth in Taiwan is necessary to achieve major objectivessuch as social justice, poverty alleviation and natural environment protection. The stock market in Taiwan plays anessential role in order to stimulate economic growth and technological progress by attracting foreign investment andforeign capital. In a globalized economy, the inter-linkages between stock markets are complex and can significantlyinfluence Taiwan’s sustainable development.
17
Tokitoh, Norihiro. "Preface." Pure and Applied Chemistry 85, no. 4 (January 1, 2013): iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20138504iv.
Анотація:
The International Conference on Heteroatom Chemistry (ICHAC) is an established international forum for the presentation and discussion of research results in the diverse fields of heteroatom chemistry. Previous ICHAC meetings have been held in different countries: 1987 (Kobe, Japan); 1989 (Albany, NY, USA); 1992 (Riccione, Italy); 1995 (Seoul, Korea); 1998 (London, Ontario, Canada); 2001 (Łódź, Poland); 2004 (Shanghai, China); 2007 (Riverside, CA, USA); and 2009 (Oviedo, Spain). To celebrate its 10th anniversary, ICHAC returned to Japan, the first ICHAC host country. The ICHAC series has been organized mostly every three years, but now is a biennial event beginning with ICHAC-9 in Spain.Continuing the successful ICHAC series, ICHAC-10 covered many areas around the central topic of heteroatom chemistry. Following the long tradition of these conferences, ICHAC-10 was a major scientific event, bringing together organic and inorganic chemists all over the world to share their interests in the different areas of heteroatom chemistry. As usual, this conference served as a professional forum to disseminate scientific knowledge. Synthesis, structure, and reactivity, including catalysis, theoretical methods, and material aspects, constituted the major themes of ICHAC-10. This issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry presents the selected plenary, invited, and commemorative lectures at ICHAC-10.ICHAC-10 was held 20-25 May 2012 at Uji Obaku Plaza, Kyoto University, and the conference program consisted of 7 plenary and 17 invited lectures, 3 memorial lectures celebrating the 10th event in the ICHAC series, as well as 43 short communications and 154 poster presentations. We had 371 participants (92 from abroad) from 28 countries. All the participants may have found a fruitful environment at ICHAC-10 for personal contact and scientific exchange, and experienced useful interactions between chemists of different areas. As for the poster presentations by students, the organizing committee selected 9 posters for the student poster awards, and the best 3 of them were awarded as IUPAC poster awards in ICHAC-10.Although ICHAC-10 was originally scheduled to take place in the summer of 2011, we postponed it to 2012 owing to the effects of the earthquake and tsunami on 11 March 2011 and the following accident in the Fukushima nuclear power plant. On this occasion, I would like to express our sincere thanks for the worldwide support and sympathy given to the victims of this unprecedented disaster and also for the patience and cooperation concerning the postponing of ICHAC-10.As a chair of ICHAC-10, I would like to express my sincere thanks to the kind support by IUPAC, the Chemical Society of Japan, the Society of Silicon Chemistry Japan, the Kinki Chemical Society Japan, and the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, and also the great assistance and contribution from many foundations and companies related to heteroatom chemistry.ICHAC-11 will be held in Caen (France) in June 2014 and will be hosted by Prof. Annie-Claude Gaumont of ENSICAEN-Université de Caen Basse-Normandie.Norihiro TokitohConference Editor
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Alford, Kyle L., and Naresh Kumar. "Pulmonary Health Effects of Indoor Volatile Organic Compounds—A Meta-Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 7, 2021): 1578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041578.
Анотація:
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are commonly found in consumer products, including furniture, sealants and paints. Thus, indoor VOCs have become a public health concern, especially in high-income countries (HICs), where people spend most of their time indoors, and indoor and outdoor air exchange is minimal due to a lack of ventilation. VOCs produce high levels of reaction with the airway epithelium and mucosa membrane and is linked with pulmonary diseases. This paper takes a stock of the literature to assess the strength of association (measured by effect size) between VOCs and pulmonary diseases with the focus on asthma and its related symptoms by conducting a meta-analysis. The literature was searched using the PubMed database. A total of 49 studies that measured VOCs or VOC types and pulmonary health outcomes were included in the analysis. The results of these studies were tabulated, and standard effect size of each study was computed. Most studies were conducted in high-income countries, including France (n = 7), Japan (n = 7) and the United States (n = 6). Our analysis suggests that VOCs have a medium-sized effect on pulmonary diseases, including the onset of asthma (effect size (or Cohen’s d) ~0.37; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.25–0.49; n = 23) and wheezing (effective size ~0.26; 95% CI = 0.10–0.42; n = 10). The effect size also varied by country, age and disease type. Multiple stakeholders must be engaged in strategies to mitigate and manage VOC exposure and its associated pulmonary disease burden.
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Nasir, Muhammad Ali, and Karen Jackson. "An inquiry into exchange rate misalignments as a cause of major global trade imbalances." Journal of Economic Studies 46, no. 4 (August 5, 2019): 902–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-03-2018-0102.
Анотація:
Purpose In the context of debate on competitive devaluation and trade imbalances, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of exchange rate misalignment as a determinant of trade imbalances in selected major trade surplus (Germany, China, Japan, Russia and KSA) and major trade deficit countries (USA, UK, France, India and Turkey). Design/methodology/approach The authors used a structural vector auto-regressive model on data from ten countries with the highest trade deficit and surplus. The period of analysis is from 2000 Q1 to 2016 Q1. Findings The key findings suggest that although exchange rate misalignment from equilibrium may have some implications for the current account balance for surplus and deficit countries, the effects observed were rather very mild and transitory. There was a heterogeneity in the response of the current account position to exchange rate misalignment in each country, concomitantly; the exchange rate misalignment shall not be seen as the sole responsible factor in the debate on global trade imbalances. Research limitations/implications The research has profound implications in terms of exploring the notion of competitive devaluation and exchange rate misalignment as a cause of major global trade imbalances. Practical implications This study has important practical implications for the trade policy of major economies in the world. These are twofold. First, this study has analysed and reported on the degree of misalignment of exchange from its equilibrium values in the major trade surplus and deficit countries. Second, it has investigated the implications of any misalignment for the trade balance or respective economies. Social implications There are important social implications as the notion of competitive devaluation and exchange rate–trade balance nexus has been heavily politicised. This study provides an empirical insight and an answer to these claims which have social and political implications. Originality/value There is a significant element of originality and contribution to the existing body of knowledge on the subject. In the context of debate on competitive devaluation this is the first study which has investigated whether the exchange rate has been misaligned from its equilibrium values (competitive devaluation) and whether there is some nexus between the real exchange rate misalignment and trade imbalances in under-analysis economies.
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Jung, Jae Ho, Dae Jung Kim, Kangho Suh, Jaeeun You, Je Ho Lee, Kyung In Joung, and Dong Churl Suh. "International Price Comparisons of Anticancer Drugs: A Scheme for Improving Patient Accessibility." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020670.
Анотація:
Background: The demand for implementing a new listing scheme to expedite patient access to novel oncology drugs has increased in South Korea. This study was conducted to compare the prices of anticancer drugs between eight countries and to explore the feasibility of a ‘pre-listing and post-evaluation’ scheme to expedite patient access to oncology drugs. Methods: This study included 34 anticancer drugs, which were reimbursed between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2017. The unit price and sales volume of the study drugs were collected from eight countries and IQVIA data, respectively. The prices were adjusted to estimate the ex-factory prices using the discount/rebate rate suggested by the Health Insurance Review Agency (HIRA). The four price indices of Laspeyres, Paasche, Fisher, and the unweighted index were calculated using the price in each country, the average price, and lowest price among the study countries. Each currency was converted using the currency exchange rate and purchasing power parity (PPP). The budget impact of implementing the proposed pre-listing and post-evaluation scheme on payers was calculated. Results: Based on the currency exchange rate, anticancer drug prices were higher in other countries (index range: 1.05–2.78) compared to Korea. The prices in Korea were similar to countries with the lowest prices. When the PPP was applied, prices were higher in the US, Germany, Italy, and Japan than in Korea (range: 1.10–2.13); however, the prices were lower in the UK, France, and Switzerland than in Korea (range: 0.72–0.99). The financial burden of implementing the pre-listing and post-evaluation scheme was calculated at 0.83% of the total anticancer drug sales value in Korea from 2013–2017. Conclusions: The prices of anticancer drugs in Korea were similar to the lowest prices among the seven other study countries. A pre-listing and post-evaluation scheme should be considered to improve patient access to novel anticancer drugs by reducing the reimbursement review time and uncertainties.
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SANTOS, Liliane. "Teletandem between French and Brazilian students: Some preliminary remarks." DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada 31, no. 3 (December 2015): 801–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-445000775746469484.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT In its French-Brazilian version, the Teletandem Brazil project enables students from the University of Lille 3 (France) and from the State University of São Paulo (Unesp, Brazil), to take part in online exchanges, based on the principles of autonomy and reciprocity. In this work, we will present some preliminary remarks on the construction of cultural identity representations by the students who took part in the project, from 2006 to 2012, the specificity of the exchanges we analyze being that most of the French students involved in them are third generation Portuguese. We will examine the consequences of the introduction of a third culture within exchanges which, linguistically speaking, are bilateral. The French students are often experiencing conflicting feelings toward Brazil and, similarly, the Brazilian students may have conflicting feelings towards Portugal and France. Our preliminary results show that the most successful linguistic exchanges occur when students face their own cultural identity with no feeling of superiority or inferiority.
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Zolingers, Ginters. "Periodika Aeronautikā (1783–1945)." Inženierzinātņu un augstskolu vēsture 3 (October 15, 2019): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/iav.2019.008.
Анотація:
Aeronautikas attīstībā nozīmīga loma ir arī publikācijām periodikā, nodrošinot zinātniskās apmaiņas platformu un informējot sabiedrību par progresu konkrētajā jomā. Raksta autors analizē pasaulē izdotos aeronautikas periodiskos izdevumus no 1783. līdz 1945. gadam, pieņemot, ka attiecīgajā valstī publicēto aeronautikai nozīmīgo periodisko izdevumu skaits un dažādība ir atkarīga no gaisa spēku attīstības līmeņa tajā. Pētījuma rezultāti liecina, ka dominē četru valstu – Francijas, Vācijas, Lielbritānijas un Amerikas Savienoto Valstu – periodiskie izdevumi, un tas ir trīs ceturtdaļas no visiem aeronautikai veltītajiem izdevumiem pasaulē. 1945. gadā, pētāmā perioda beigās, šīs četras valstis kopā ar Padomju Savienību un Japānu bija dominējošās valstis pasaulē gan civilajā, gan militārajā gaisa spēku jomā. Pētījumā analizēti ne tikai periodiskie izdevumi dažādos laika periodos, bet arī to iedalījums pa galvenajām tēmām.Periodical publications have played an important role in the development of aeronautics, providing a platform for scientific exchange and informing the public about the ongoing progress. This study analyzes periodicals covering the issues related to aeronautics from 1783 to 1945 on a worldwide scale. It assumes that the number and diversification of periodicals dedicated to aeronautics published in a given country depend directly on the level of development of air power in that country. The result shows that periodicals from only four countries dominated, three fourths of all titles published coming from France, Germany, Great Britain and the United States. In 1945, by the end of the period under study, these four countries, together with the Soviet Union and Japan, were also the world’s dominant air powers in terms of both civil and military air activities. The study also analyzes the development of periodicals over time, the diversification of periodicals by major subject areas and the interdependence of information flows between the four major air powers.
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Kovalevskiy, Valeriy, Liudmila G. Klimatckaia, and Yulija Yu Bocharova. "The role of The University Center for Social Development in the regional innovation ecosystem of social assistance." Medical Science Pulse 13, no. 1 (April 25, 2019): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.0385.
Анотація:
The stable innovation system generation is one of the Russian economic policy priorities. Universities have the role of a central hub in the regional innovation systems formation. This article presents a study of factors influencing the formation and development of the university’s innovation environment and examples of innovation activities of the Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University V.P. Astafyev (KSPU) in the regional innovation ecosystem of social assistance. The second section of the article is devoted to the exchange of experience and the results of the university becoming the center of social development in the regional innovation ecosystem of social assistance. An important aspect of this part is a positive result in several key areas: Globalization - mobility and increased competition between universities in China, South Korea, Japan, Poland, Germany, France, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and the United States; Multidisciplinary and Interdisciplinary - the integration of science, technology and design, teams from different faculties and universities; and Corporatization - specialized institutes of applied research, and extension of stakeholders. The final section presents the Transformation Program of the Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University at the University Center for Social Development of the Krasnoyarsk Territory for current and future operations. The program includes both initiatives and ongoing projects. Today, many successful examples prove that the Center for Social Development in the field of social assistance of the Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University plays an important role in the development of the region. Conclusion. Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University really stands on the route to the social entrepreneurship development and influx of new technologies, introduction of innovative approaches, and becomes the center of social and project competencies of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, one of the leading drivers of social development and of social assistance of the region.
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Boller, F., N. Caputi, A. Romano, H. Kaminski, and E. Broussolle. "Transatlantic Crossings: Early neurological exchanges between USA and France." Revue Neurologique 175, no. 5 (May 2019): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2018.09.018.
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Dabyltaeva, N. E., and D. E. Galymzhan. "Current state of the world securities market." ECONOMIC Series of the Bulletin of the L N Gumilyov ENU, no. 4 (February 2, 2023): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2079-620x-2020-4-150-157.
Анотація:
. The scientific article discusses the world securities market and its current state. Thedevelopment of the modern world securities market, in addition to general economic trendsaffecting the stock market, is also characterized by specific trends. The market capitalization ofthe global securities market is calculated by region from the total volume of exchange operations.Based on the data contained in the final report of the world Federation of exchanges for 2019,the countries of the world are classified according to the concentration of stock markets. Thelist is headed by the United States, Japan, great Britain, China, France, Germany and Canada,Switzerland and Australia, and other countries. The article analyzes market capitalizations andsales transactions of the New York, Tokyo, and London stock exchanges. The current index valuesof these three exchanges are determined
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BÉAL, CHRISTINE, and VÉRONIQUE TRAVERSO. "‘Hello, we're outrageously punctual’: Front door rituals between friends in Australia and France." Journal of French Language Studies 20, no. 1 (January 26, 2010): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095926950999041x.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTThis paper presents a comparative analysis of Australian and French social visits between friends from an interactional perspective. The study focuses on the first few exchanges that take place as the guests come face to face with their host and are ushered in across the threshold and shows similarities, but also significant differences, in the three main elements that are regularly used in these ‘crossing the threshold’ exchanges: greetings, miscellaneous comments (on setting, arrival time, etc), and laughter.
27
ANNAKA, Naofumi. "Buddhist Exchanges Between Japan and Korea in the Modern Period." JOURNAL OF INDIAN AND BUDDHIST STUDIES (INDOGAKU BUKKYOGAKU KENKYU) 51, no. 2 (2003): 712–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.51.712.
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Nandy, Debasish. "India-France Relations in the Post-Cold War Era." Khazanah Sosial 2, no. 3 (November 11, 2020): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/ks.v2i3.9866.
Анотація:
India-France relations in the post-Cold War era are very cordial. As early as the 1980s, France wished to give greater scope to its relations with India. Relations between India and France have traditionally been close and friendly. With the establishment of strategic partnerships in 1998, there has been significant progress in all areas of bilateral cooperation through regular high-level exchanges at the Head of State/Head of Government levels and growing cooperation and exchanges including in strategic areas such as defense, counter-terrorism, nuclear energy, and space. France was the first country with which India agreed on civil nuclear cooperation following the waiver given by the Nuclear Suppliers’ Group, enabling India to resume full civil nuclear cooperation with the international community
29
Mubah, A. Safril. "Japanese Public Diplomacy in Indonesia: The Role of Japanese Agencies in Academic Exchange Programs between Japan and Indonesia." Jurnal Global & Strategis 13, no. 1 (April 8, 2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jgs.13.1.2019.37-50.
Анотація:
Japan and Indonesia have developed mutual cooperation in academic exchange programs for the past three decades. Japan acknowledges that student interchange plays a significant role in promoting mutual understanding between Japan and foreign countries. Japanese government expects international students, either those who are still studying in Japan or those who have returned to their home countries, serve as a bridge between their countries and Japan. To achieve this goal, Japanese government employs some agencies to undertake academic exchange programs. In Indonesia, particularly, some Japanese agencies such as Japan Student Services Organization (JASSO), Japan Foundation, and Japan International Cooperation Center (JICE) have played important role in student exchanges. They have various programs to attract Indonesian students getting involved in academic exchanges. This paper describes these agencies’ role in academic exchange programs between Japan and Indonesia. Considering that the Japanese agencies work to promote Japan’s soft power through public diplomacy activities under transgovernmental networks model, I utilize concepts of public diplomacy and transgovernmental networks as a framework for analyzing the case. I argue that Japanese agencies have successfully served as Japanese public diplomacy agents by acting great role in advancing Japan’s soft power through academic exchange activities. However, some challenges appear in the way to achieve Japanese public diplomacy goal to create mutual understanding between Japanese and Indonesian people.
30
Nu Hai Yen, TON, LE Huy Quyen, and PHAM Thi Hang. "The commercial cooperation between vietnam and japan (2008-2020)." Vinh University Journal of Science 52, no. 1B (March 20, 2023): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.56824/vujs.2022sh22.
Анотація:
Economic is the greatest and most dynamic sector of the particularly extensive strategic relationship between Vietnam and Japan. In this sector, commercial cooperation plays an important role. The paper focused on analyzing the fundament of the Vietnam -Japan trade cooperation relationship (2008-2020) to reconstruct the reality of the relationship in terms of scale and structure of goods exchanges during the research period. Based on this analysis, the paper has made comments and suggested solutions to develop trade relations between the two countries in the coming time.
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Lessa, Antônio Carlos. "The Elysée Treaty and its lessons for Mercosur." Meridiano 47 - Journal of Global Studies 4, no. 30-31 (April 16, 2022): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20889/m47e43031001.
Анотація:
Taking the Elysée treaty, signed between France and Germany in 1963, this article seeks to analyze the possibilities and the need to expand the possibilities of student exchanges between Mercosur member countries.
32
Sim, Jeong-Myoung. "Interaction between Korean and Japanese Intellectuals in the Context of Criticism of Nationalism." Korean Association For Japanese History 59 (December 31, 2022): 91–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.24939/kjh.2022.12.59.91.
Анотація:
This paper examines the exchange of intellectuals between Korea and Japan from the late 1990s to the 2000s, focusing on the criticism of nationalism or post-nationalism. Criticism of nationalism, which was actively raised in Korea around 2000, was based on globalization or postmodernism theory. And this criticism became more active when Japan's 『New History Textbook』 passed the official approval in 1997. Active self-criticism of Korean nationalism is triggered as Korean historians argue that criticizing Japan's nationalist history and criticizing Korea's national history and textbooks are overlapping. This is also influenced by Jie-Hyun Lim, who wrote 『Nationalism is treason』 and criticized nationalism early on. Later, through the magazine 『Dangdaebipyeong』, he actively introduced criticism of nationalism in Japan, and by launching the <East Asian Historical Forum for Criticism and Solidarity> he began full-fledged academic exchange between Japanese and Korean intellectuals to criticize nationalism. This paper analyzes the discussions on the critique of nationalism between Korea and Japan through he pages of the journal and academic exchanges, and examines how the exchanges of intellectuals at the time, criticizing nationalism, formed a complex relationship with their own national identity.
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Wang, Yuzhuo. "The Difference of Chinese Buddhist Thought During the Spread of Japan -Combination with Shinto Religious Though." Communications in Humanities Research 21, no. 1 (December 7, 2023): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/21/20231438.
Анотація:
China and Japan have always been two countries with much in common in the East Asian cultural circle, and their economic, political and cultural exchanges have been of great importance, whether in ancient times or in modern times. In the history of cultural exchanges between China and Japan, the Chinese Buddhist thought is the most important. Japanese Buddhist thought learned from China has flourished in its native land, and has gone through all kinds of localization with Japanese national characteristics, and in this historical process, Japanese native national culture has also had a great influence on Chinese Buddhism. which was mainly reflected in the combination with Japanese Shinto religious thought. In the cultural exchanges, Shinto absorbed the Taoism of Buddhism, and Buddhism was popularized in Japan through the momentum of Shinto. Through the research of this thesis, it is concluded that Shinto perfected its own teachings through the spread of Buddhism, and Buddhism relied on Shinto to spread through myths among the ruling class and the common people of Japan. After the Meiji Restoration, Shinto gradually overshadowed Buddhism due to the belief in the cult of the Emperor, and the development of Chinese Buddhism in Japan gradually lost its original characteristics due to the ruling classs policy towards Shinto.
34
Yamakawa, S., O. Razvina, M. Ito, H. Hibino, T. Someya, and T. Ushiki. "Medical exchange project for students and young doctors between Japan and Russia." Medical University 1, no. 1 (November 26, 2018): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/medu-2018-0005.
Анотація:
Abstract For more than 25 years Niigata University School of Medicine has been organizing medical exchanges with universities of the Russian Far East and Siberia. This exchange has turned out to be mutually beneficial for both universities, giving motivation to medical students and young doctors to strive for knowledge of international medicine. “Program for priority placement of foreign students sponsored by Japanese government” and “Re-inventing Japan project” initiated by Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) were adopted in 2014, so it gave us a perfect opportunity to expand the existing program. In 2017, the MEXT approved the application of Niigata University together with Hokkaido University for «Program of Globalization in the field of university education (in cooperation with Russia), the creation of a platform for interaction”. We hope advances in the field of medicine and medical care achieved as a result of such unique cooperation between Japan and Russia will greatly contribute not only to the welfare of citizens of both countries, but also to the development of industry and economy. We would like to share experience gained by our university in the sphere of Japanese-Russian medical exchanges and educational programs, as well to describe the prospects for further development.
35
Meren, David. "“Plus que jamais nécessaires”: Cultural Relations, Nationalism and the State in the Canada-Québec-France Triangle, 1945–19601." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 19, no. 1 (May 28, 2009): 279–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/037435ar.
Анотація:
Abstract Charles de Gaulle’s cry of “Vive le Québec libre!” during his 1967 visit to Montreal was the product of the convergence of Canadian, Quebecois and Gaullist nationalist reactions to preponderant US influence and globalization’s rise after 1945. The dynamic was especially pronounced in the cultural sphere. Consistent with the trend towards increased transnational exchanges, cultural relations grew in the Canada-Quebec-France triangle in the fifteen years after the Second World War. Quebec neo-nationalism’s rise was accompanied by a greater appreciation of France as an ally as Quebec strove to preserve its francophone identity. Such preoccupations corresponded to French apprehensions about the ramifications on France at home and abroad of American cultural ‘imperialism.’ In addition to nationalist concerns in France and Quebec, English Canadian nationalists were preoccupied with American influences on the Canadian identity. If these three interacting nationalist reactions shared a preoccupation about American cultural power and Americanization that encouraged a growing state involvement in culture and promoted greater exchanges, the differences between them also helped set the stage for the tempestuous triangular relationship of the 1960s.
36
Bandeira de Melo, Carolina S., and Regina de Freitas Campos. "Scientific Exchanges between France and Brazil in the History of Psychology. The Role of Georges Dumas between 1908 and 1946." Universitas Psychologica 13, no. 5 (June 9, 2014): 1681. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.upsy13-5.sefb.
Анотація:
This article presents the role of Georges Dumas in the development of Brazilian psychology in the first half of the twentieth century. France had at that moment a major influence on Brazilian cultural and scientific development, including the field of psychology. Georges Dumas had a prominent presence in Brazil, acting as a gatekeeper when choosing French scholars to give conferences and classes in Brazil between 1908 and 1940 as a representative of the French cultural tradition. The bibliography of Georges Dumas’s Traité de Psychologie, published in 1922-1923, shows a selection of Brazilian scholars who interacted with the author 1900’s ans 1940’s. The political context of French-Brazilian exchanges and the names of professors involved in the French mission in Brazil in the field of psychology were studied. The French cultural influence in Brazil is interpreted as a strategy aimed at contributing to the solution of Brazilian problems, and it helped to change the image of Brazil in Europe. In addition, scientific exchanges promoted the extension of the French diplomatic network.
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MUNG, Duong Thanh. "Trade between the United States and Indochinese Union in the First Half of the 20th Century." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 2 (2024): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080030063-6.
Анотація:
This article aims to analyze the commercial activities between the Indochinese Union (Indochina) and the United States in the first half of the XX century. The study focuses on three fundamental issues: The US efforts to seek markets in the Indochina region; commercial exchanges between the French-controlled Indochina and the US in the first half of the XX century; and the commercial benefits that the parties obtained. The results show that the commercial exchange between the Indochina and the US was under the strict management and control of the French colonial government. The policies that France conducted in Indochina during this period caused many disadvantages for the Indochina - US commercial relationship. The Indochinese Union did not have much freedom in choosing trade partners and was highly dependent on France's policies in the colonies. Apart from the subjection to France’s manipulation, commercial exchanges between the Indochina and the US had different rules compared to other European and American countries. Starting from merely commercial activities, the US intervened more deeply in the region by launching a military invasion of Indochina. This study contributes to clarifying the commercial policies of France towards the Indochina during the colonial period, the commercial activities of the US in the Far East region, as well as the history of Vietnam in the first half of the XX century.
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Heredia de, Christine. "Asymmetric Communication in Bilingual Exchanges." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 8, no. 3 (October 1986): 369–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100006379.
Анотація:
This paper analyzes the characteristics of exolinguistic communication, a type of asymmetric communication. The data base contains five dialogues between French speakers and Latin American Spanish speakers. The subjects did not have any knowledge of French before their arrival in France. The recording situations were as authentic and varied as possible.In exolinguistic communication two speakers actively work together with varying degrees of cooperation and complementary strategies to achieve mutual understanding. In this study we examine the role of repetition, simplification, and facilitation (breaking up information, paraphrases, types of questions which warn of difficulties, etc.) and analyze the characteristics of asymmetric exchanges made up of three- or four-turn sequences which allow speakers to check understanding and avoid misunderstanding.This leads to several hypotheses on natural second language acquisition and, more specifically, on the “guidance” offered by the native speaker and on the role of metalinguistic activities.
39
Jourdy, Natalja. "Deutsch-französischer Schüleraustausch zwischen neuen Herausforderungen und neuen Perspektiven infolge der Corona-Pandemie." Glottodidactica 49, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/gl.2022.49.2.04.
Анотація:
The present paper examines the impact of the COVID 19-pandemic on school exchanges between Germany and France. Furthermore, it investigates teachers’ and students’ experiences with distance learning during this period. We highlight that the pandemic has generated many exceptional challenges, especially for vulnerable students. However, the pandemic-induced constraints have also stimulated the development of new didactic approaches, tools and methods. Therefore, we can speak about the new opportunities in the domain of education, and most precisely, for school exchanges.
40
Minami, Fusaka, Joseph Zohar, Takefumi Suzuki, Teruki Koizumi, Masaru Mimura, Gohei Yagi, and Hiroyuki Uchida. "Discrepancies Between Nomenclature and Indications of Psychotropics." Pharmacopsychiatry 52, no. 04 (May 23, 2018): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0626-7135.
Анотація:
Abstract Introduction While the current nomenclature of psychotropic drugs is disease-based, their approved indications do not always match their classifications. Methods Information on approved indications of “second-generation antipsychotics” and “newer antidepressants” that are available in the United States (US), the United Kingdom (UK), France, Germany, and Japan were extracted from their packet inserts. Results A significant proportion of “atypical antipsychotics” were approved for psychiatric conditions other than psychotic disorders (i. e., bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and autistic disorder) as follows: 76.9% in the US, 66.7% in the UK, 66.7% in France, 60.0% in Germany, and 44.4% in Japan. Likewise, more than half of “newer antidepressants” had approved indications for psychiatric conditions other than depression (e. g., panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, general anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder): 56.3% in the US, 69.2% in the UK, 69.2% in France, 50.0% in Germany, and 62.5% in Japan. Conclusions Our results raise concerns regarding generic terminologies of “antipsychotics” and “antidepressants” since the conventional indication-based nomenclature does not fit well with the official indication.
41
Onn, Clement. "Circulating art and visual hybridity: cross‐cultural exchanges between Portugal, Japan, and Spain." Renaissance Studies 34, no. 4 (September 3, 2019): 624–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rest.12592.
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MARUYAMA, Hiroaki. "Progress of Brazilian Geography and History of Academic Exchanges between Japan and Brazil." Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 121, no. 5 (2012): 799–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.121.799.
43
Hou, Yansong, Zhaxi Luosang, and Zhe Wang. "The Impact of China-Japan Economic Cooperation on Regional Security: A Case Study of the Japanese Official Development Assistance (ODA) to China." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 28 (April 9, 2024): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/z070x594.
Анотація:
The issuance of the China-Japan Joint Declaration in 1972 marked the beginning of reconciliation and exchanges between the two countries, and since then Sino-Japanese relations have continued to advance in twists and turns. The issue of territorial sovereignty, historical understanding and changes in relative strength in the political field of the two countries have all hindered the development of bilateral relations. However, the implementation of the China-Japan Joint Declaration has provided many new possibilities for exchanges and cooperation between the two countries, and the continuous development of economic relations between the two countries has promoted the improvement of bilateral relations and regional security. This paper finds that the Japanese official development assistance (ODA) to China initially brought China and Japan closer and promoted the improvement of regional security, but later due to the emergence of many problems, Japan's ODA policy was adjusted, making the role of the ODA in promoting bilateral relations and regional security disappear. Therefore, economic cooperation should not be affected by the issue of political mutual trust, and economic cooperation without political interference could be the best way to improve Sino-Japanese relations today.
44
Jégou, F., G. Berthet, C. Brogniez, J. B. Renard, P. François, J. M. Haywood, A. Jones, et al. "Stratospheric aerosols from the Sarychev volcano eruption in the 2009 Arctic summer." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 13 (July 10, 2013): 6533–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6533-2013.
Анотація:
Abstract. Aerosols from the Sarychev volcano eruption (Kuril Islands, northeast of Japan) were observed in the Arctic lower stratosphere a few days after the strongest SO2 injection which occurred on 15 and 16 June 2009. From the observations provided by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) an estimated 0.9 Tg of sulphur dioxide was injected into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). The resultant stratospheric sulphate aerosols were detected from satellites by the Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imaging System (OSIRIS) limb sounder and by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) and from the surface by the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Changes (NDACC) lidar deployed at OHP (Observatoire de Haute-Provence, France). By the first week of July the aerosol plume had spread out over the entire Arctic region. The Sarychev-induced stratospheric aerosol over the Kiruna region (north of Sweden) was measured by the Stratospheric and Tropospheric Aerosol Counter (STAC) during eight balloon flights planned in August and September 2009. During this balloon campaign the Micro Radiomètre Ballon (MicroRADIBAL) and the Spectroscopie d'Absorption Lunaire pour l'Observation des Minoritaires Ozone et NOx (SALOMON) remote-sensing instruments also observed these aerosols. Aerosol concentrations returned to near-background levels by spring 2010. The effective radius, the surface area density (SAD), the aerosol extinction, and the total sulphur mass from STAC in situ measurements are enhanced with mean values in the range 0.15–0.21 μm, 5.5–14.7 μm2 cm−3, 5.5–29.5 × 10−4 km−1, and 4.9–12.6 × 10−10 kg[S] kg−1[air], respectively, between 14 km and 18 km. The observed and modelled e-folding time of sulphate aerosols from the Sarychev eruption is around 70–80 days, a value much shorter than the 12–14 months calculated for aerosols from the 1991 eruption of Mt Pinatubo. The OSIRIS stratospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 750 nm is enhanced by a factor of 6, with a value of 0.02 in late July compared to 0.0035 before the eruption. The HadGEM2 and MIMOSA model outputs indicate that aerosol layers in polar region up to 14–15 km are largely modulated by stratosphere–troposphere exchange processes. The spatial extent of the Sarychev plume is well represented in the HadGEM2 model with lower altitudes of the plume being controlled by upper tropospheric troughs which displace the plume downward and upper altitudes around 18–20 km, in agreement with lidar observations. Good consistency is found between the HadGEM2 sulphur mass density and the value inferred from the STAC observations, with a maximum located about 1 km above the tropopause ranging from 1 to 2 × 10−9 kg[S] kg−1[air], which is one order of magnitude higher than the background level.
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Liu, Jiayi, and Shuhe Lu. "Analysis of the Differences and Causes of Chinese and Japanese History Textbooks." Transactions on Social Science, Education and Humanities Research 5 (April 1, 2024): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.62051/2r42em09.
Анотація:
The publication of Japanese middle school history textbooks caused great controversy between China and Japan, as well as between Japan and East Asian countries. This paper compares the differences in title, cause, content, illustration, and other aspects of Chinese and Japanese history textbooks in describing specific historical events, and finds through the analysis of differences that China is more objective in recording historical facts, while Japan has behaviors such as downplaying, distorting and denying historical facts. On this basis, the study believes that the reason for the difference between Chinese and Japanese history books is that China and Japan have different identities, traditional cultures, and goal pursuits. At the same time, only by proposing measures to narrow the existing differences between China and Japan by urging Japan to face up to and acknowledge relevant history, establish a common historical research organization, and promote cultural exchanges between the two countries can the relations between China and Japan develop healthily and in the long term.
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Koizumi, Junko. "The ‘Last’ Friendship Exchanges between Siam and Vietnam, 1879–1882: Siam between Vietnam and France—and Beyond." TRaNS: Trans -Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia 4, no. 1 (December 18, 2015): 131–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/trn.2015.18.
Анотація:
AbstractStudies of Siam's diplomatic relations from the mid-nineteenth century have been focussed on its troubled relations with Western colonial powers, often within a bilateral framework. While highlighting issues such as territorial losses and treaty revisions, scholarly interest tends to have overlooked Siam's relations with its neighbouring countries. Based on archival records at the National Archives of Thailand, this article aims to fill this gap by examining diplomatic exchanges between the Siamese and Vietnamese courts that took place between 1879 and 1882. In April 1879, a royal mission from the Vietnamese court bearing gifts and a royal letter from Tự Đức to Chulalongkorn arrived in Bangkok. It was allegedly the first formal mission from the Vietnamese court in almost half a century after the two countries had come into conflict in the 1830s. By examining how Siam and Vietnam sought to maintain and manipulate ‘traditional’ interstate relations in the face of treaty arrangements that France enforced upon Vietnam, this article reveals complex issues involved in the process of negotiations, such as the questions of maintaining the equality between the two monarchies and of the ‘translation’ of the concepts of sovereignty between Thai and Sino-Vietnamese languages, and suggests the necessity to pay more attention to historical and broader regional contexts in Asia.
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MITOMO, Kenyo. "Dr. Kim Dong-wha, the Founder of Buddhist Studies Exchanges between Japan and Korea." JOURNAL OF INDIAN AND BUDDHIST STUDIES (INDOGAKU BUKKYOGAKU KENKYU) 51, no. 1 (2002): 287–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.51.287.
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Sasaki, Masafumi. "Exchanges of Methane between Lakes and the Atmosphere in Hokkaido, Subarctic Climate Region, Japan." Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science 3, no. 6 (2014): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20140306.14.
49
Lee, Youngho. "Transnational Exchanges between Korean Residents in Japan and Korean Ethnic Minority Group in China." HALLYM JOURNAL OF JAPANESE STUDIES 42 (May 31, 2023): 115–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18238/hallym.42.5.
50
Kiba, Darya V. "Development of Soviet-Japanese Scientific Relations in the Soviet period." Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Series: History and Law 12, no. 6 (2022): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1501-2022-12-6-189-201.
Анотація:
Relevance. At present, the implementation of bilateral scientific cooperation programs between Japan and Russia is difficult due to the aggravated international situation. However, scientific contacts need to be developed, as they con-tribute to mutual understanding between the Russian and Japanese peoples, even under the condition of political differ-ences. An appeal to the Soviet experience in the development of interaction between the USSR and Japan in the field of science will allow taking into account the accumulated experience, various forms and ways of establishing a bilateral scientific dialogue between countries at the present stage. The purpose of the study is to determine the forms of Soviet-Japanese scientific interaction in the Soviet period. Research objectives: to identify the contribution of government, public structures, and individuals to the devel-opment of Soviet-Japanese scientific ties, to study the mechanism of scientific interaction between the USSR and Ja-pan. Methodology. The comparative-historical and chronological methods were used in the work. Results. The author traces the activities of governmental and public organizations of Japan and the USSR, the contribution of private companies and individual scientists to the development of Soviet-Japanese scientific ties. The activities of Japanese and Soviet universities to establish bilateral scientific exchange and book exchange have been studied. Conclusion. During the Soviet period, book exchange became one of the forms of Soviet-Japanese scientific cooperation. An effective form of bilateral scientific cooperation has become direct contacts between scientists of the two countries at international scientific conferences and during visits of researchers to the USSR and Japan. The most intensively developing form of scientific interaction was scientific exchanges between Japanese and Soviet institutions. It should be noted the significant contribution of individual institutions and public organizations of the countries to the development of scientific bilateral relations. The factors stimulating the development of scientific exchanges were the study of Russian and Japanese languages, the conclusion of long-term cooperation agreements. In addition, scientific exchanges were significantly intensified by changes in the political and economic situation in the Soviet state in the second half of the 1980s.