Статті в журналах: "Exchange (Foreign)"

1

Adrienne. "Foreign Exchange." Nursing Standard 2, no. 32 (May 14, 1988): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.2.32.15.s114.

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2

Rieck, William A., and Donna E. Dugger Wadsworth. "Foreign Exchange." Intervention in School and Clinic 35, no. 1 (September 1999): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105345129903500104.

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3

Paton, A. "Foreign exchange." Postgraduate Medical Journal 62, no. 726 (April 1, 1986): 311–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.62.726.311.

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4

Khadafi, Muammar, Ilham Mirsal, Gebrina Rezeki, and Nazaruddin Yusuf. "Foreign Exchange." Al-Hiwalah : Journal Syariah Economic Law 2, no. 2 (December 22, 2023): 191–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.47766/alhiwalah.v2i2.1947.

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ABSTRAK Devisa adalah pertukaran dua jenis barang berharga atau jual beli uang dengan uang atau jual beli antar barang sejenis secara tunai, jual beli atau penukaran mata uang suatu negara dengan mata uang negara lain, misalnya rupiah dengan dollar dan lain sebagainya. Rumusannya adalah 1) Apa prinsip ideal dalam transaksi valuta asing dan relevansi fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional. 2) Bagaimana ketentuan devisa menurut pandangan anggota Majelis Permusyawaratan Ulama Lhokseumawe. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian lapangan yang bersifat deskriptif dan menggunakan data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian mengenai transaksi jual beli mata uang pada prinsipnya diperbolehkan dengan ketentuan sebagai berikut: a. Bukan untuk spekulasi. B.Ada kebutuhan transaksi atau untuk berjaga-jaga. C. Jika transaksi dilakukan dalam mata uang yang sama, maka nilainya harus sama dan sama dengan uang tunai. D. jika jenisnya berbeda, maka harus dilakukan dengan kurs (kurs) yang berlaku pada saat transaksi dilakukan dan secara tunai.Kedua, ketentuan devisa menurut pandangan anggota Majelis Permusyawaratan Ulama Lhokseumawe yaitu akad Al-Sharf diperbolehkan dengan ketentuan sebagai berikut: pertama, tidak untuk berspekulasi, kedua, untuk keperluan transaksi atau untuk berjaga-jaga, ketiga , jika transaksi dilakukan dengan mata uang yang sama maka Karena harus sama dan tunai sebelum kedua belah pihak berpisah dan tidak ada syarat khiyar, keempat, jika berbeda jenis maka harus dilakukan dengan kurs di berlaku pada saat transaksi dilakukan secara tunai. nilainya harus sama dan sama dengan uang tunai. D. jika jenisnya berbeda, maka harus dilakukan dengan kurs (kurs) yang berlaku pada saat transaksi dilakukan dan secara tunai.Kedua, ketentuan devisa menurut pandangan anggota Majelis Permusyawaratan Ulama Lhokseumawe yaitu akad Al-Sharf diperbolehkan dengan ketentuan sebagai berikut: pertama, tidak untuk berspekulasi, kedua, untuk keperluan transaksi atau untuk berjaga-jaga, ketiga , jika transaksi dilakukan dengan mata uang yang sama maka Karena harus sama dan tunai sebelum kedua belah pihak berpisah dan tidak ada syarat khiyar, keempat, jika berbeda jenis maka harus dilakukan dengan kurs di berlaku pada saat transaksi dilakukan secara tunai. nilainya harus sama dan sama dengan uang tunai. D. jika jenisnya berbeda, maka harus dilakukan dengan kurs (kurs) yang berlaku pada saat transaksi dilakukan dan secara tunai.Kedua, ketentuan devisa menurut pandangan anggota Majelis Permusyawaratan Ulama Lhokseumawe yaitu akad Al-Sharf diperbolehkan dengan ketentuan sebagai berikut: pertama, tidak untuk berspekulasi, kedua, untuk keperluan transaksi atau untuk berjaga-jaga, ketiga , jika transaksi dilakukan dengan mata uang yang sama maka Karena harus sama dan tunai sebelum kedua belah pihak berpisah dan tidak ada syarat khiyar, keempat, jika berbeda jenis maka harus dilakukan dengan kurs di berlaku pada saat transaksi dilakukan secara tunai. itu harus dilakukan dengan kurs (kurs) yang berlaku pada saat transaksi dilakukan dan secara tunai.Kedua, ketentuan devisa menurut pandangan anggota Majelis Permusyawaratan Ulama Lhokseumawe yaitu akad Al-Sharf diperbolehkan dengan syarat: pertama, tidak untuk spekulasi, kedua, untuk keperluan transaksi atau untuk berjaga-jaga, ketiga , jika transaksi dilakukan dengan mata uang yang sama maka nilainya harus sama dan tunai sebelum kedua belah pihak berpisah dan tidak ada syarat khiyar, keempat, jika berbeda jenis maka harus dilakukan dengan kurs di berlaku pada saat transaksi dilakukan secara tunai. itu harus dilakukan dengan kurs (kurs) yang berlaku pada saat transaksi dilakukan dan secara tunai. Kedua, ketentuan devisa menurut pandangan anggota Majelis Permusyawaratan Ulama Lhokseumawe yaitu akad Al-Sharf diperbolehkan dengan syarat: pertama, tidak untuk berspekulasi, kedua, untuk keperluan transaksi atau untuk berjaga-jaga, ketiga , jika transaksi dilakukan dengan mata uang yang sama maka nilainya harus sama dan tunai sebelum kedua belah pihak berpisah dan tidak ada syarat khiyar, keempat, jika berbeda jenis maka harus dilakukan dengan kurs di berlaku pada saat transaksi dilakukan secara tunai.

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5

Sitnik, A. A. "Foreign exchange regulation and foreign exchange control in brazil." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)) 1, no. 8 (October 13, 2020): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2020.72.8.086-092.

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6

Rahim, Muhammad Abdur, and Zahangin Alam. "Foreign Exchange Reserves." International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147-4486) 2, no. 4 (October 21, 2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijfbs.v2i4.159.

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This study is about foreign exchange reserves of Bangladesh. The main purpose of this study is to the influence of exchange rateson foreign exchange reserves to the Bangladesh context. Both the primary and secondary data has been used in this study. The primary data has been collected through a structured questionnaire from 50 respondents. The secondary data, namely Bangladesh foreign exchange reserves (FER), Bangladesh current account balance (CAB), Bangladesh capital and financial account balance (CFAB), and BDT/USD exchange rates (ER). This study covers yearly data from July 01, 1996 to June 30, 2005 and quarterly data from July 01, 2005 to June 30, 2012. Findings of this study shows that out of the selected 16 factors affecting foreign exchange reserves, exchange rates occupy the first position, weighted average score (WAS) being 4.56. Foreign exchange reserves (FER) and current account balance (CAB) have increased by 502.9087% and 1451.218%, whereas capital and financial account (CFAB) has decreased by -649.024% on June 30, 2012 compared to June 30, 1997. The influence of other factors held constant, as ER changes by 285.6894 units due to one unit change in FER, on average in the same direction which represents that ER has positive effect on the FER and this relationship is statistically significant. 62.1526 percent of the variation in FER is explained by ER. The outcomes of Breusch-Godfrey test (LM test), ARCH test, and the Normality test are that there is a serial correlation among residuals, the variance of residuals is not constant, and the residuals are not normally distributed.

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7

Lieb-Lundell, Cornelia. "Foreign Exchange Corner." Pediatric Physical Therapy 1, no. 2 (1989): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001577-198901020-00021.

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8

Havenner, Arthur, and Bagher Modjtahedi. "Foreign exchange rates." Journal of Econometrics 37, no. 2 (February 1988): 251–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(88)90005-x.

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9

Froot, Kenneth A., and Richard H. Thaler. "Anomalies: Foreign Exchange." Journal of Economic Perspectives 4, no. 3 (August 1, 1990): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.4.3.179.

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In what follows, we discuss the efficiency of foreign exchange markets. To manage what would otherwise be an enormous task, the question of efficiency is viewed below from the perspective of a single type of test: the test for what is called the forward discount bias. This test is easy to understand, and since it strongly rejects the null hypothesis, statistical power is not an issue. Naturally, in discussing this particular test we mention a variety of other empirical work designed to shed light on alternative explanations of the results.

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10

Hogan, Warren. "Foreign Debt and Foreign Exchange Markets." Economic Analysis and Policy 25, no. 2 (September 1995): 99–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0313-5926(95)50020-7.

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11

Vaníček, Petr. "Analysis and comparison of chosen FX – strategy." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 54, no. 6 (2006): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200654060209.

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The article is focused on possibilities of profit of chosen FX instruments by proceeding of foreign exchange risk. The foreign exchanges risk affect economic result of each economic subject. The foreign exchanges risk ensue unexpectible change of foreign exchange rate. Economic subjects pursue in exchange market that are concern on hedging of exchange risk during doing business and financial contracts. The most discussed problems in this article are the possibilies of present products in financials markets, that can help in hedging of exchange risk. The article is concentrated mainly on chosen products of financial markets derived from option. The main part of those chosen products is focused on „zero cost strategy“ and on possibilities of their aplication in hedging of exchange risk.

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12

Mahmudah, Binti Khoirul. "Pengaruh ekspor impor terhadap cadangan devisa di Indonesia." Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi dan Keuangan 8, no. 1 (January 23, 2019): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32639/jiak.v8i1.205.

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This study aims to analyze the amount of foreign exchange reserve in Indonesia. And the effect of exsports and imports on foreign exchange reserve in Indonesia. This data usade are secondary data derived from The Central Statistics Agency and Indonesian Banks. This research uses a quantitative analysis. Analysis to see whether the exsport and import factors significantly affect the foreign exchanges reserves in indonesia. Based on the regresion result in the know that exports have a positive and significant impact on Indonesian,s foreign exchange reserve while imports have a negative and significant impact on indonesian,s foreign exchange reserve. Keywords : Export, Import, Foreign Exchange

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13

Hoque, Ariful, Thi Ngoc Quynh Le, and Kamrul Hassan. "Does currency smirk predict foreign exchange return?" Investment Management and Financial Innovations 17, no. 3 (September 23, 2020): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.17(3).2020.17.

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This study examines the predictive power of implied volatility smirk to forecast foreign exchange (FX) return. The volatility smirk contains critical information, especially when the market experiences negative news. The Australian dollar, Canadian dollar, Swiss franc, Euro, and British pound options traded in the opening, midday and closing periods of the trading day are selected to estimate the currency smirk. Research results reveal that the currency smirk outperforms in forecasting FX returns. In addition, the steeper slope in the middle of the trading day suggests that the predictive power of currency smirk in the midday period is higher compared to the opening and closing periods. However, currency smirks’ predictability lasts for a short period, as the FX market is highly adept at incorporating the vital information embedded in the currency smirk. These findings imply that the currency smirk is distinctive for forecasting very short-term FX fluctuations, and the day- or overnight FX traders can use its uniqueness to profit from quick price swings in the 24-hour global FX market.

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14

Durčáková, Jaroslava. "Foreign Exchange Rate Regimes and Foreign Exchange Markets in Transitive Economies." Prague Economic Papers 20, no. 4 (January 1, 2011): 309–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.pep.402.

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15

Vuckovic, Vladimir. "The microstructure of foreign exchange rate and foreign exchange rate formation." Ekonomski anali 50, no. 164 (2005): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka0564063v.

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The subject matter of market microstructure analysis are processes through which investor activities are transferred to quantities and prices. This direction indicates the fact that has been unjustifiably neglected in fundamental theories ? foreign exchange rate results from the interactions between market participants. Spot foreign exchange market can best be described as a decentralised market with a number of dealers. There is no organised physical place (stock exchange) where dealers meet their clients nor is there an electronic system which enables quotations of all dealers in a currency market to be simultaneously shown on the screen. The theory of order flows has resulted from the answer to the essential question of market microstructure: do trading mechanisms affect the price formation process of the trading subject, and how do they affect it. Information is scattered and not available to all subjects in an aggregate form, which is the consequence of a decentralised structure, lack of regulations and nontransparent trading on the foreign exchange market. In such a setting, market participants are incessantly aggregating signals based on scattered information, and no sooner than collective orders for foreign currency sales and purchases are formed do they build into the foreign exchange rate in the process of new information trading. are a good explanation for changes in the foreign exchange rate. Several studies have shown that order flows.

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16

Swanson, Peggy E., and Stephen C. Caples. "Hedging Foreign Exchange Risk Using Forward Foreign Exchange Markets: An Extension." Journal of International Business Studies 18, no. 1 (March 1987): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490400.

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17

Amalia, Khofifah, and Amalia Salsabila Ariyanto. "IMPLEMENTASI TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI UNTUK PERAMALAN DINAMIKA BISNIS (STUDI PADA BISNIS VALAS)." J-MACC : Journal of Management and Accounting 3, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.52166/j-macc.v3i2.2069.

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This study aims to determine the implementation of information technology in foreign exchange. By using quantitative and qualitative research methods as well as associative. research that comes from the presence of data and utilizes existing theories as an explanation. With the development of technology, every company tries to always provide the best service to its customers in the business field. In the business sector, technology plays an important role, especially in banking. It cannot be separated from one that we may rarely hear but which plays an important role in the business world, namely the existence of foreign exchange. Foreign currency or commonly referred to as foreign exchange is the currency that is used as a legal tender in the country. Foreign currency will have a value if that foreign currency can be exchanged for another foreign currency without restrictions. Foreign exchange transactions can occur in the foreign exchange market.

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18

Wang, Guogang, and Nan Lin. "70 years of China's foreign exchange market development: history and experience." China Political Economy 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpe-05-2020-0007.

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PurposeThe development of China's foreign exchange market and the reform of Chinese yuan (hereinafter “CNY”) exchange rate are closely linked with each other. Their respective journey through the past 70 years can both be divided into three historical periods; as follows: China's foreign exchange market underwent a difficult exploration period, a formation and development period and an innovative development period; in the meanwhile, the formation mechanism of CNY exchange rate also witnessed three periods marked successively by a single exchange rate system with administrative pricing, an explorative formation mechanism of CNY exchange rate and a reformed, marketized CNY exchange rate mechanism.Design/methodology/approachIn the present world, the development of almost every country is closely linked to the international community, which is the result of the heterogeneity in system, market, humanity and history, in addition to the differences in natural resource endowments and the diversity in technology, administration, information, experience and diplomacy. International economic exchanges require foreign exchange, which gives rise to the existence and development of the foreign exchange market.FindingsThe 70-year history of China's foreign exchange market has proven the need to continue safeguarding national sovereignty and interests of the people, stick to the general direction of serving economic development, adhere to the strategy of steadily and orderly promoting the construction of the foreign exchange market, keep on making innovation in monetary policy operation and unbendingly stay away from any systemic financial risks.Originality/valueDuring the 70-year history of the new China, as an indispensable economic resource in China's economic development, the foreign exchange mechanism bolstered each stage of economic development and was always an important manifestation of China's economic sovereignty. It is argued that during the 30-year planned economy that preceded reform and opening-up, China pursued a closed-door policy with few international economic exchanges. The subtext of such argument is that China did not have (or hardly had much of) a foreign exchange mechanism during this period, which is clearly in conflict with historical evidence. In fact, although China did not have an open foreign exchange market before the reform and opening-up, it had a clear foreign exchange management system and exchange rate system.

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19

Rijoly, Jacobus Cliff Diky, Desry Jonelda Louhenapessy, and Jodi Aleksander Panggabean. "The Effect of Exports, Imports And Exchange Rates On The National Foreign Exchange Reserves 2000-2019." Media Trend 18, no. 1 (June 22, 2023): 164–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/mediatrend.v18i1.15706.

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This study intends to assess the shock from national foreign exchange's primary variables, such as exports, imports, and exchange rates, for the period 2000-2019. The data utilized in this study came from the Indonesian Statistics Bureau (BPS), the Bank of Indonesia (BI), and the World Bank 2021. For this analysis, we utilize an autoregressive framework to capture the shock and explain its long-term influence on a country’s foreign exchange reserves. The results of the VECM study indicate that exports have a large, long- and short-term positive influence on foreign exchange reserves, whereas imports have no effect on foreign exchange reserves and the exchange rate has a considerable effect on Indonesia's foreign currency reserves. On national foreign exchange reserves, exports have a positive impact, imports a negative impact, and the exchange rate has a substantial impact.

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20

Barinov, Eduard. "Exchanges of foreign countries." Scientific notes of the Russian academy of entrepreneurship 19, no. 2 (May 28, 2020): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24182/2073-6258-2020-19-2-90-99.

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The article deals with exchanges of a number of foreign countries. The changes that have taken place in this segment of the financial market over the past decades are noted. Data on exchanges in the United States, Great Britain, Canada, Germany, Japan, China and other countries are provided. The mechanism of placement of securities on the exchange market is described.

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21

Malone, Samuel, Robert Gramacy, and Enrique ter Horst. "Timing Foreign Exchange Markets." Econometrics 4, no. 4 (March 11, 2016): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/econometrics4010015.

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22

von Ungern-Sternberg, Thomas, and C. C. von Weizsacker. "Strategic Foreign Exchange Management." Journal of Industrial Economics 38, no. 4 (June 1990): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2098346.

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23

del Castillo Penna, Raúl Álvarez, José Antonio Núñez Mora, and Leovardo Mata Mata. "Foreign Exchange Strategies Performance." Revista Mexicana de Economía y Finanzas 13, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 195–245. http://dx.doi.org/10.21919/remef.v13i2.275.

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24

Stulz, René M., Richard J. Herring, and Rene M. Stulz. "Managing Foreign Exchange Risk." Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 17, no. 1 (February 1985): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1992514.

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25

Pringle, John J. "MANAGING FOREIGN EXCHANGE EXPOSURE." Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 3, no. 4 (January 1991): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6622.1991.tb00565.x.

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26

HUTCHESON, TIFFANY. "TRADING IN FOREIGN EXCHANGE." Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy 20, no. 2 (June 2001): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-3441.2001.tb00277.x.

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27

Fisher, Eric O’N, and Frank S. Kelly. "Experimental Foreign Exchange Markets." Pacific Economic Review 5, no. 3 (October 2000): 365–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0106.00111.

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28

Cartea, Álvaro, Sebastian Jaimungal, and Tianyi Jia. "Trading Foreign Exchange Triplets." SIAM Journal on Financial Mathematics 11, no. 3 (January 2020): 690–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/18m1172089.

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29

Glassman, Debra. "The foreign exchange market." Journal of International Economics 30, no. 3-4 (May 1991): 385–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1996(91)90031-z.

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30

Goldberg, Stephen R., and Emily L. Drogt. "Managing Foreign Exchange Risk." Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance 19, no. 2 (2007): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcaf.20373.

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31

A. Ogundipe, Adeyemi, Joys Alabi, Abiola J. Asaleye, and Oluwatomisin M. Ogundipe. "Exchange rate volatility and foreign portfolio investment in Nigeria." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 16, no. 3 (September 27, 2019): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.16(3).2019.22.

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The study examines the link between exchange rate volatility and foreign portfolio in Nigeria using data that covers the period 1996Q1 to 2016Q4. The theoretical framework used is the return and creditworthiness model, which is based on the push and pull factors theory. In achieving the objective, the study adopted the vector autoregressive model in ascertaining the dynamics between exchange rate volatility and foreign portfolio investment in Nigeria. Also, the study examines the impact of exchange rate innovations (shocks) on foreign portfolio investment and equally assesses how induced variations in foreign portfolio investment are decomposed among the variables in the model. It was also found that exchange rate volatility and market capitalization significantly and largely explain the variations in foreign portfolio investment. The impulse response analysis shows that foreign portfolio investment was more responsive to standard deviation shocks in market capitalization and exchange rate, implying that these variables were more responsible for the dynamism in FPI. As the horizons expand, shocks to market capitalization and exchange rate increase foreign portfolio investment, whereas shocks to GDP and inflation made foreign portfolio investment dwindle. In the same manner, in decomposing the induced variation in foreign portfolio investment, forecast error shocks in market capitalization, exchange rate and GDP explain more of the variation in foreign portfolio investment.

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32

Smirnov, E. "New in the Legislation on Foreign Exchange Regulation and Foreign Exchange Control." Auditor 7, no. 8 (September 13, 2021): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1998-0701-2021-7-8-3-9.

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Th is year, Federal Laws No. 499-FZ, No. 9-FZ and No. 224-FZ entered into force in Russia, which introduced serious changes to the legislation on currency regulation and currency control, caused by the requirements of the time and the developing fi nancial market.

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33

Dr. S P. Mathiraj, Dr S. P. Mathiraj, and A. R. Annadurai A R. Annadurai. "Augmentation of India's Foreign Exchange Reserve: An Analysis." Indian Journal of Applied Research 1, no. 5 (October 1, 2011): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/feb2012/45.

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34

Kim, Yung-Wook, Hyo-Ik Lee, and Joo-Yeon Hong. "Information Contents of Foreign Exchange Risk and Foreign Exchange Risk Management in Accounting." Korean Accounting Review 42, no. 3 (June 30, 2017): 73–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.24056/kar.2017.01.005.

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35

Ning, Ye, Yiming Wang, and Chi-wei Su. "How did China’s foreign exchange reform affect the efficiency of foreign exchange market?" Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 483 (October 2017): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2017.04.150.

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36

Klementyev, A. P. "Foreign Exchange Committee Master Agreements as International Contractual Standards for Foreign Exchange Derivatives." Moscow Journal of International Law, no. 2 (September 1, 2023): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/0869-0049-2023-2-38-50.

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INTRODUCTION. The ISDA Master Agreement is possibly the most authoritative cross-border contractual standard in the world of financial markets. It also serves as an example for the local transactional documentation drafters in various countries to regulate the conclusion and performance of over-the-counter derivatives transactions by means of bilateral contracts. However, international master agreements for derivatives and other financial products are not limited to the templates produced by International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA). Foreign Exchange Committee (FXC) suggests a remarkable alternative to the documents maintained by this powerful industry club as far as transactions with foreign currency are concerned.MATERIALS AND METHODS. International Foreign Exchange and Currency Option Master Agreement (IFXCO) and other FXC master agreements served as primary sources of the present article. Its methodological base is represented by general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction) as well as specific legal research methods. In particular, formal legal method was employed for the literal interpretation of the provisions of FXC standard documentation, historical method was invoked to describe the evolution of standard FXC templates, while comparative legal method was used to undertake a comparative analysis of insolvency laws where appropriate.RESEARCH RESULTS. The article gives a general overview of master agreements in financial markets to put FXC documentation into a broader context of standard contracts publication in financial markets. The analysis of FXC master agreements is carried out through conclusion and performance of FX transactions as well as risk mitigation mechanisms analysis such as close-out netting and collateral. Moreover, the article covers governing law and enforceability issues as well as puts FXC documentation into Russian legal context. Although Russian court, with a high degree of probability, will recognize the choice of governing law made by the parties to the relevant master agreement published by FXC, the enforceability of collateral and close-out netting provisions amidst the bankruptcy of a Russian entity is not secured due to non-recognition of FXC documentation by the Russian authorities.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. Author comes to conclusion that despite FXC master agreements are not able to compete with ISDA documentation. However, they are popular with certain financial institutions active in foreign exchange markets. To facilitate the development of Russian financial market the list of recognized master agreements should be broadened by addition of documentation produced by FXC. Arguably, it is necessary to amend these provisions and make them compliant with UNIDROIT as well for the purposes of transactions with banks from the countries considered “friendly” to Russia.

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Itodo, Idoko Ahmed, Hyacinth Ementa Ichoku, and Oluwatosin Olushola. "Foreign Exchange Pressure and Foreign Exchange Intervention in Nigeria: A Review of Literature." South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics 20, no. 4 (November 11, 2023): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/sajsse/2023/v20i4739.

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This paper conducts a comprehensive examination of the concepts of foreign exchange pressure and foreign exchange intervention within the Nigerian foreign exchange market. It delves into the theoretical foundations and empirical evidence underpinning these crucial elements of economic policy in Nigeria. To begin, the paper elucidates the various factors driving foreign exchange pressure in the Nigerian context, encompassing trade imbalances, external shocks, and economic fluctuations, which exert significant pressure on the exchange rate and foreign exchange reserves, necessitating effective strategies for policymakers and market participants. Furthermore, the paper sheds light on the theoretical frameworks and models that form the basis of foreign exchange intervention, emphasizing the substantial impact of central bank and government interventions on maintaining foreign exchange market stability, averting abrupt currency devaluations, and upholding macroeconomic equilibrium. Additionally, the paper reviews empirical literature, offering valuable insights into the practical implications of foreign exchange pressure and intervention in Nigeria, showcasing the Nigerian central bank's use of measures like capital controls, foreign exchange auctions, and exchange rate pegs. The effective management of foreign exchange pressure in Nigeria plays a pivotal role in ensuring economic stability, bolstering international trade, and fostering sustainable economic growth within the nation.

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Yu, Guang Hua. "China's Foreign Exchange Regulations and Direct Foreign Investment." Journal of World Trade 28, Issue 6 (December 1, 1994): 99–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad1994037.

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Wittich, Guy A. "China's Foreign Exchange Policy: Effects On Foreign Investment." China Information 2, no. 2 (September 1987): 16–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0920203x8700200202.

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Kwon, Taek Ho, Sung C. Bae, and Jay M. Chung. "DO FOREIGN INVESTORS PRICE FOREIGN EXCHANGE RISK DIFFERENTLY?" Journal of Financial Research 28, no. 4 (December 2005): 555–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6803.2005.00139.x.

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Borensztein, Eduardo R., and Michael P. Dooley. "Options on Foreign Exchange and Exchange Rate Expectations." Staff Papers - International Monetary Fund 34, no. 4 (December 1987): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3867193.

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MacDonald, Ronald, Paul De Grauwe, Hans Dewachter, and Mark Embrechts. "Exchange Rate Theory: Chaotic of Foreign Exchange Markets." Economic Journal 104, no. 425 (July 1994): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2235001.

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Hoshikawa, Takeshi. "Exchange rate rebounds after foreign exchange market interventions." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 469 (March 2017): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2016.11.044.

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Li, Jing, and Norman C. Miller. "Foreign exchange market inefficiency and exchange rate anomalies." Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money 34 (January 2015): 311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2014.12.001.

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Sideris, Dimitrios A. "Foreign exchange intervention and equilibrium real exchange rates." Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money 18, no. 4 (October 2008): 344–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2007.04.001.

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Wang, Yen Kyun. "A Reform on the Forward Foreign Exchange Market and Foreign Exchange Rate Determination in Korea with Foreign Exchange Policy Experiences of Taiwan." Pacific Focus 5, no. 1 (February 13, 2008): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1976-5118.1990.tb00129.x.

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Min, Yujuana, and Oh Suk Yang. "The impact of exchange volatility exposure on firms’ foreign-denominated debts." Management Decision 57, no. 11 (November 12, 2019): 3035–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-04-2017-0383.

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Purpose This research began by acknowledging that conventional analysis on the foreign exchange exposure could not adequately reflect firms’ risk management strategies, which firms take actions against uncertainties raised by foreign exchange. In order to conceptualize uncertainty aroused by foreign exchange, the purpose of this paper is to develop an index that could measure corporate profits’ sensitivity to foreign exchange uncertainty and examine its possibility of utilization. Design/methodology/approach As an alternative to foreign exchange exposure, the present research derived the foreign exchange volatility exposure and analyzed the determinants of foreign currency-denominated debt in terms of foreign exchange volatility exposure. The foreign exchange volatility exposure draws from partially differentiating a firm’s operating profits to the exchange rate volatility. Findings The major findings are as follows. First, before the Asian financial crisis, South Korean enterprises had similar responses to the exchange volatility exposure as compared with the exchange exposure on procuring foreign-denominated debt. Second, since the global financial crisis (GFC), not only have Korean firms’ response mechanisms to both exposures changed, but also the significance of exchange volatility exposure has been further emphasized. Furthermore, Korean companies have dealt with exchange uncertainties by decreasing foreign-denominated debt as their foreign exchange volatility exposure increased after GFC. In contrast, the influence of conventional exchange exposure on foreign-denominated debt has diminished. Research limitations/implications Future research should focus on several points. First, additional research could extend to foreign investors who have divergent perception and consideration in regard to foreign exchange risk management. Second, research on decision making and motivation in foreign currency choice should be conducted in order to deepen academic understanding. Third, research that refines the variables added in the current research should be conducted. Finally, as a way to manage foreign exchange volatility exposure, further investigation based on this study is possible. Practical implications The results of this study have several important theoretical and empirical implications for companies’ foreign exchange risk management strategy. First, through foreign exchange volatility exposure, which can usefully take over the role of the existing foreign exchange exposure, the authors can confirm market uncertainty as being relevant to the foreign exchange risk management strategy. Second, through the financial influence that the foreign exchange volatility exposure has on the foreign currency-denominated debt, the authors can observe the Korean firms’ paradigm shifts in their foreign exchange risk management strategies. Originality/value This research confirms the importance of foreign exchange volatility exposure in the research works dealing with firms’ exchange risk management, also the possible influence of foreign exchange volatility exposure in the future might be increased as uncertainty is raised from foreign exchange escalating.

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Ma, Yuhan. "Research on Reducing Foreign Exchange Risks by Foreign Exchange Derivatives -- Taking China Foreign Trade Companies as an Example." Financial Forum 10, no. 2 (August 29, 2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/ff.v10i2.2240.

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<p>With the deepening of international trade, the foreign exchange risk exposure of foreign trade companies is gradually being valued in the international market, and foreign exchange risks are also the main risks that Chinese foreign trade companies need to avoid. This article analyzes the reduction of foreign exchange risks from both the internal and external aspects of the company, focusing on the value-preserving role of foreign exchange derivatives in transactions, and making suggestions for the steady operation of foreign trade companies.</p><p> </p>

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Tanaka, Mariko. "Currency Exchange in an Open-Economy Random Search Model." B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejte-2014-0106.

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AbstractThis paper studies how endogenous currency exchange arises in a two-country, two-currency monetary search model. Although currency exchange is widely observed in the globalized economy, Zhou (1997) is one of the exceptional studies that adopted a search model to generate currency exchange endogenously. Moreover, in her model, currency exchange occurs only in the case where agents rarely consume foreign goods, which is contrary to the well-known fact that international trade increases the number of currency exchanges. We construct a monetary search model that has a feature that increased international trade increases the volume of currency exchange. We develop a two-country model in which each country has two types of agents: local traders who consume only the goods produced in the home country, and international traders who consume only the goods produced in the foreign country. For international traders, the foreign currency gives more opportunity to obtain the foreign goods than the home currency does. Thus, when an international trader holds the home currency, he has an incentive to exchange the home currency for the foreign currency. Unlike Zhou, the model has a feature that currency exchange is more likely to occur when many agents are engaged in international trade.

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Murni, Anggia, Umaruddin Usman, Jariah Abubakar, and Mutia Rahmah. "THE INFLUENCE OF THE NUMBER OF FOREIGN TOURISTS AND FOREIGN DEBT TO FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES IN INDONESIA." Journal of Malikussaleh Public Economics 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/jmpe.v4i2.6042.

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This study examines the effect of the number of foreign tourists and foreign debt on foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia. This study uses secondary data from 2005 to 2019. Data are analyzed by using multiple linear regression (Ordinary Least Squares). The result showed that the foreign tourists and foreign debt do not influence foreign exchange reserves. Simultaneously, the number of foreign tourists and foreign debt affected the foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia. The coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.839184, which indicates that the influence of the number of foreign tourists and foreign debt on foreign exchange reserves was 0.839184 or 83.91%, and the remaining 16.09% was influenced by other variables outside of this study.

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