Статті в журналах: "Example-based methods"

1

Lissandrini, Matteo, Davide Mottin, Themis Palpanas, and Yannis Velegrakis. "Data Exploration Using Example-Based Methods." Synthesis Lectures on Data Management 10, no. 4 (November 27, 2018): 1–164. http://dx.doi.org/10.2200/s00881ed1v01y201810dtm053.

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2

Tai, Chin-Hsiu, Shian Leou, and Jeng-Fung Hung. "The Effectiveness of Teaching Indigenous Students Mathematics Using Example-Based Cognitive Methods." Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics 18, no. 4 (June 15, 2015): 433–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09720502.2015.1023547.

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3

WEN, Zerui, Zhidong SHEN, Hui SUN, and Baiwen QI. "Adversarial Example Generation Method Based on Sensitive Features." Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 28, no. 1 (February 2023): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/wujns/2023281035.

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As deep learning models have made remarkable strides in numerous fields, a variety of adversarial attack methods have emerged to interfere with deep learning models. Adversarial examples apply a minute perturbation to the original image, which is inconceivable to the human but produces a massive error in the deep learning model. Existing attack methods have achieved good results when the network structure is known. However, in the case of unknown network structures, the effectiveness of the attacks still needs to be improved. Therefore, transfer-based attacks are now very popular because of their convenience and practicality, allowing adversarial samples generated on known models to be used in attacks on unknown models. In this paper, we extract sensitive features by Grad-CAM and propose two single-step attacks methods and a multi-step attack method to corrupt sensitive features. In two single-step attacks, one corrupts the features extracted from a single model and the other corrupts the features extracted from multiple models. In multi-step attack, our method improves the existing attack method, thus enhancing the adversarial sample transferability to achieve better results on unknown models. Our method is also validated on CIFAR-10 and MINST, and achieves a 1%-3% improvement in transferability.

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4

Han, Zhiyan, and Jian Wang. "A Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Active Example Selection." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 27, no. 01 (August 23, 2017): 1850013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126618500135.

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The fault diagnosis in the real world is often complicated. It is due to the fact that not all relevant fault information is available directly. In many fault diagnosis situations, it is impossible or inconvenient to find all fault information before establishing a fault diagnosis model. To deal with this issue, a method named active example selection (AES) is proposed for the fault diagnosis. AES could actively discover unseen faults and choose useful samples to improve the fault detection accuracy. AES consists of three key components: (1) a fusion model of combining the advantage of the unsupervised and supervised fault diagnosis methods, where the unsupervised fault diagnosis methods could discover unseen faults and the supervised fault diagnosis methods could provide better fault detection accuracy on seen faults, (2) an active learning algorithm to help the supervised fault diagnosis methods actively discover unseen faults and choose useful samples to improve the fault detection accuracy, and (3) an incremental learning scheme to speed up the iterative training procedure for AES. The proposed method was evaluated on the benchmark Tennessee Eastman Process data. The proposed method performed better on both unseen and seen faults than the stand-alone unsupervised, supervised fault diagnosis methods, their joint and referenced support vector machines based on active learning.

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5

Shermergor, T. D. "Statistical Methods for Property Calculation of Textured Materials." Textures and Microstructures 25, no. 2-4 (January 1, 1996): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/tsm.25.251.

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Statistical methods for calculating the effective static and dynamic characteristics of textured microheterogeneous materials such as polycrystals, composites and rocks are considered. Effective static characteristics based on the example of the elastic modules tensor are analyzed. Effective dynamic characteristics based on the example of the dielectric permeability tensor in calculating the scattering factor, phase and group velocities of the propagation of plane electromagnetic waves are presented.

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6

Ai, Na, Jinye Peng, Xuan Zhu, and Xiaoyi Feng. "Single image super-resolution by combining self-learning and example-based learning methods." Multimedia Tools and Applications 75, no. 11 (April 28, 2015): 6647–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-015-2597-2.

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7

Zhang, Yu(AUST), Huan Xu, Chengfei Pei, and Gaoming Yang. "Adversarial example defense based on image reconstruction." PeerJ Computer Science 7 (December 24, 2021): e811. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.811.

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The rapid development of deep neural networks (DNN) has promoted the widespread application of image recognition, natural language processing, and autonomous driving. However, DNN is vulnerable to adversarial examples, such as an input sample with imperceptible perturbation which can easily invalidate the DNN and even deliberately modify the classification results. Therefore, this article proposes a preprocessing defense framework based on image compression reconstruction to achieve adversarial example defense. Firstly, the defense framework performs pixel depth compression on the input image based on the sensitivity of the adversarial example to eliminate adversarial perturbations. Secondly, we use the super-resolution image reconstruction network to restore the image quality and then map the adversarial example to the clean image. Therefore, there is no need to modify the network structure of the classifier model, and it can be easily combined with other defense methods. Finally, we evaluate the algorithm with MNIST, Fashion-MNIST, and CIFAR-10 datasets; the experimental results show that our approach outperforms current techniques in the task of defending against adversarial example attacks.

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8

DÖNMEZ, Selim. "Comparison Of Model-Based Clustering to Other Clustering Methods: an Example on Meteorological Data." International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics 9, no. 3 (September 8, 2022): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.1092672.

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9

Górski, Michał. "The accuracy of geographic profiling methods based on the example of burglaries in Warsaw." Problems of Forensic Sciences, no. 125 (2021): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/12307483pfs.20.004.14784.

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In the current study different geographic profiling methods were tested on a sample of burglaries in Warsaw. Overall 38 crime series were included in study, accuracy was measured as hit score and error distance. Results show limited obtained accuracy, comparably lower than what can be seen in similar tests conducted in western cities, but each method also shows improvement with series length. This shows that it is possible to use geographic profiling in polish setting, but also that there are significant limitations that one has to consider.

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10

Bellocchi, Gianni, Vincent Bertholet, Sandrine Hamels, W. Moens, José Remacle, and Guy Van den Eede. "Fuzzy-logic based strategy for validation of multiplex methods: example with qualitative GMO assays." Transgenic Research 19, no. 1 (June 16, 2009): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11248-009-9293-9.

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11

华, 玉. "Exploration of Village Planning Methods Based on Reduction Background—Taking Shandong as an Example." Design 08, no. 03 (2023): 1048–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/design.2023.83128.

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12

McGovern, Justine. "Arts-Based Methods and Transformative Pedagogy in the Bronx: A Social Work Case Example." International Journal of Social, Political and Community Agendas in the Arts 19, no. 1 (2023): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2326-9960/cgp/v19i01/23-38.

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13

Sidorina, Inessa, Natalia Pozdnyakova, Evgeny Panidi, Tatiana Andreeva, and Maria Litvinova. "Integration of traditional and modern methods in GIS-based mapping." InterCarto. InterGIS 25, no. 1 (July 23, 2019): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2019-1-25-35-46.

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People have been using maps since immemorial times. However, since the end of the XX century when GISs became implemented into the processes of maps production, new types of spatial data models began to appear in addition to the usual cartographic imagery. Number of these models tends to grow, and consequently new terminology, classifications and standards are needed. Such terms as GIS-based mapping, geomatics and geoiconics have taken their place in the terminology of modern cartography. The article highlights the problems and trends of GIS-based mapping. Suggested several example projects which were done with the participation of the article authors, representing the integration of traditional and modern methods. The first example: the creation of maps with the original system of symbols, applying a design approach to the creation of map works. The work on the creation of the Atlas of Orthodoxy is a vivid example of this trend. The second example: the maps “support” the research and visualize or reflect the results of geoinformation analysis. Over the past ten years, active work has been carried out to support hydrological projects in the Arctic and Antarctic, as well as archaeological research in the Smolensk region and in the region of the Middle Yenisei. In such projects prevail, of course, mostly geoinformational approaches. The third example: the creation of maps using photographs and / or on the basis of aerial and satellite images. In archaeological studies conducted jointly with the Institute of the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the region of the Middle Yenisei; this kind of data is the most informative. Despite the innovations, it is extremely important to save the heritage of classic cartography, combining intelligently traditional and contemporary methods. Interaction of traditional and contemporary approaches is considered in this paper on the examples of projects carried out at the Department of cartography and geoinformatics of SPbSU.

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14

Abdelhakim, Chillali, and M'hammed Boulagouaz. "Methods of encryption keys, example of elliptic curve." Journal of Communications and Computer Engineering 3, no. 1 (May 20, 2012): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.20454/jcce.2013.259.

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In this paper we propose an application of public key distribution based on the security depending on the difficulty of elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem. More precisely, we propose an example of Elgamal encryption cryptosystem on the elliptic curve given by the equation:

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15

Zhang, Zhiwei, Xunzhang Gao, Shuowei Liu, Bowen Peng, and Yufei Wang. "Energy-Based Adversarial Example Detection for SAR Images." Remote Sensing 14, no. 20 (October 15, 2022): 5168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14205168.

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Adversarial examples (AEs) bring increasing concern on the security of deep-learning-based synthetic aperture radar (SAR) target recognition systems. SAR AEs with perturbation constrained to the vicinity of the target have been recently in the spotlight due to the physical realization prospects. However, current adversarial detection methods generally suffer severe performance degradation against SAR AEs with region-constrained perturbation. To solve this problem, we treated SAR AEs as low-probability samples incompatible with the clean dataset. With the help of energy-based models, we captured an inherent energy gap between SAR AEs and clean samples that is robust to the changes of the perturbation region. Inspired by this discovery, we propose an energy-based adversarial detector, which requires no modification to a pretrained model. To better distinguish the clean samples and AEs, energy regularization was adopted to fine-tune the pretrained model. Experiments demonstrated that the proposed method significantly boosts the detection performance against SAR AEs with region-constrained perturbation.

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16

Li, Weiyu, Xuelin Chen, Peizhuo Li, Olga Sorkine-Hornung, and Baoquan Chen. "Example-based Motion Synthesis via Generative Motion Matching." ACM Transactions on Graphics 42, no. 4 (July 26, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3592395.

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We present GenMM, a generative model that "mines" as many diverse motions as possible from a single or few example sequences. In stark contrast to existing data-driven methods, which typically require long offline training time, are prone to visual artifacts, and tend to fail on large and complex skeletons, GenMM inherits the training-free nature and the superior quality of the well-known Motion Matching method. GenMM can synthesize a high-quality motion within a fraction of a second, even with highly complex and large skeletal structures. At the heart of our generative framework lies the generative motion matching module, which utilizes the bidirectional visual similarity as a generative cost function to motion matching, and operates in a multi-stage framework to progressively refine a random guess using exemplar motion matches. In addition to diverse motion generation, we show the versatility of our generative framework by extending it to a number of scenarios that are not possible with motion matching alone, including motion completion, key frame-guided generation, infinite looping, and motion reassembly.

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17

Morell, Jonathan A., Rainer Hilscher, Stephen Magura, and Jay Ford. "Integrating Evaluation and Agent-Based Modeling: Rationale and an Example for Adopting Evidence-Based Practices." Journal of MultiDisciplinary Evaluation 6, no. 14 (July 19, 2010): 32–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.56645/jmde.v6i14.275.

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Background: While there is a great deal of discussion about complex adaptive systems in the field of evaluation, little has been written about the expression of complex adaptive systems in terms of agent-based models, the execution of those models as computer simulations, or the tight integration of agent-based modeling with traditional evaluation methods. These topics need to be explored if evaluation is to move beyond using complex adaptive systems in an exclusively heuristic fashion. Purpose: This paper advocates for the integration of agent based modeling into traditional evaluation activities. We advance this position in order to spark a movement toward incorporating the formal application of complex adaptive systems into the theory and methods of evaluation. To make our case, we provide a hypothetical example of how interactions between an agent-based model and evaluation can provide unique and powerful understanding about the adoption of evidence-based practices in the field of addiction treatment. We advance our argument by addressing four questions: Why combine evaluation methods with simulation methods? Why use a complex adaptive systems approach? Why add agent-based modeling to the mix of evaluation tools? What is the relationship between agent-based modeling and the theories and methods of evaluation that are being developed to deal with surprise, unintended consequences, and program evolution? Setting: Not applicable. Intervention: Not applicable. Research Design: Not applicable. Data Collection and Analysis: Not applicable. Findings: Not applicable. Keywords: complex adaptive systems, agent-based models, evidence-based practice, unintended consequences, developmental evaluation

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18

Barton, Gábor. "Simulating Environmental Impacts Based On The Example Of Roşia Montană." Journal of Environmental Geography 8, no. 3-4 (December 1, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jengeo-2015-0007.

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Abstract One of the challenges of modern terrain modelling methods is to incorporate non-existing, planned features in the output. Remote sensing based solutions can only detect structures and shapes that are already present in the environment. In order to assess the impacts of a planned development on the surrounding landscape properly it is inevitable to solve this issue. In addition to the environmental, social and economic consequences, mining activities, especially open cast mining will also leave significant scars on the landscape. These can not only have a visual effect but also impact local weather conditions by changing winds, precipitation patterns. The current paper demonstrates a collection of methods and techniques able to cope with the various challenges that arise when modelling the landscape impacts of such developments. The experiments were performed in the area of Roşia Montană, where a Canadian company plans to create the largest open cast gold mine in Europe. The results of the terrain modelling process allow for the quantification of the estimated impacts on the terrain and the land cover of the area caused by the mining project. The presented methodology and visualisation tools can also facilitate the decision support mechanisms making the communication ‘more understandable’ amongst stakeholders; information meetings and public hearings involving organizing groups at any level. Obtaining the results required the development of several unconventional techniques especially in terrain modelling and visual landscape simulation, involving the combination of sometimes very different base methods.

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19

Watson, Ashleigh. "Methods Braiding: A Technique for Arts-Based and Mixed-Methods Research." Sociological Research Online 25, no. 1 (May 30, 2019): 66–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1360780419849437.

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This article introduces a technique for doing mixed-methods research which I term the methods braiding technique. Contributing to established techniques for mixing methods across and within the quantitative and qualitative spectra, methods braiding incorporates arts-based research considerations. This aims to assist the growing number of researchers seeking to incorporate creative methods into their projects and add to established integrative, iterative, and synergistic approaches with insights from arts-based research. The methods braiding technique offers three main strengths. First, it assists researchers with cultivating reflexivity through periodic process reviews. Second, methods braiding helps researchers engage with the potentially divergent conceptual foundations of mixed-methods projects; by framing ‘mixing’ as a braiding process, this technique emphasises the synergistic integration of methods, analysis, and interpretation. Finally, and especially valuable for projects using arts-based methods, this technique centralises the crafting of multiple research outputs throughout the duration of a project. The use of this technique is illustrated via an example of a project in which a sociological fiction novel is constructed.

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20

Wang, Ziren, Jiaqi Li, George T. Flowers, Jinchun Gao, Kaixuan Song, Wei Yi, and Zhongyang Cheng. "Intelligent Detection Methods of Electrical Connection Faults in RF Circuits." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (October 25, 2021): 9973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11219973.

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Printed circuit boards (PCBs) have a large number of electrical connection nodes. Exposure to harsh environments may lead to connection faults in these nodes. In the present work, intelligent detection methods for electrical connection faults were studied. Specifically, the fault characteristics of connectors, bonding wires and solder balls in the frequency domain were analyzed. The reflection and transmission parameters of an example filter circuit with electrical connection faults were calculated using the Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE). With these obtained electrical parameters, three machine learning algorithms were used to detect example electrical connection faults for the example circuit. Based upon the performance evaluations of the three algorithms, one can conclude that machine-learning-based intelligent fault detection is a promising technique in diagnosing circuit faults due to electrical connection issues with high accuracy and lower time cost as compared to current manual processes.

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21

Spaan, Denise, Gabriel Ramos-Fernández, Colleen M. Schaffner, Sandra E. Smith-Aguilar, Braulio Pinacho-Guendulain, and Filippo Aureli. "Standardizing methods to estimate population density: an example based on habituated and unhabituated spider monkeys." Biodiversity and Conservation 28, no. 4 (January 18, 2019): 847–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-01696-2.

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22

Sh. Hajirahimova, Makrufa, and Aybeniz S. Aliyeva. "Development of a Prediction Model on Demographic Indicators based on Machine Learning Methods: Azerbaijan Example." International Journal of Education and Management Engineering 13, no. 2 (April 8, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijeme.2023.02.01.

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23

Mazur, Vladimir, and Aleksey Pudalov. "ANALYSIS OF ANALOG ACTIVE ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS BASED ON MODELING METHODS." Modern Technologies and Scientific and Technological Progress 2024, no. 1 (April 22, 2024): 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-9896-2024-1-152-153.

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Various classical methods are often used to analyze analog electronic circuits. It is proposed to use matrix methods of mathematical modeling, which allow using computational tools to obtain fast re-sults with acceptable accuracy. As an example, a scheme of an active second-order electronic filter based on an operational amplifier is proposed

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24

Chen, Jiazun, Yikuan Xia, and Jun Gao. "CommunityAF: An Example-Based Community Search Method via Autoregressive Flow." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 16, no. 10 (June 2023): 2565–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3603581.3603595.

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Example-based community search utilizes hidden patterns of given examples rather than explicit rules, reducing users' burden and enhancing flexibility. However, existing works face challenges such as low scalability, high training cost, and improper termination during the search. Aiming at tackling all these issues, this paper proposes a community search framework named CommunityAF with three well-designed components. The first is a GNN (graph neural network) component that combines community-aware structure features to incrementally learn node embeddings over a large graph for the other two components. The second is an autoregres-sive flow-based generation component designed for fast training and model stability. The third is a scoring component that evaluates the communities and provides scores for a stable termination. Moreover, to show that CommunityAF has the sufficient expressive power to cover the rules, we demonstrate that the scoring component with node features weighted by degree-related factors is able to mimic the existing structure-based community metrics. We introduce a square ranking loss to guide the training of the scoring component, and further devise a flexible termination strategy based on the inferred score change pattern over a sequence of candidate communities using beam search. We compare CommunityAF with four different categories of community search methods on six real-world datasets. The results illustrate that CommunityAF outperforms these community search methods, and achieves an average 15.3% improvement in effectiveness and 4x to 20x speedups on different datasets relative to the state-of-the-art generative method.

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25

Muzafarov, E. R. "Methods of optimisation in machine design." Journal of «Almaz – Antey» Air and Space Defence Corporation, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.38013/2542-0542-2021-4-57-66.

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The paper is devoted to the problem of optimal machine design selection by developing and solving the problem of multi-criteria optimisation, using the method suggesting a unified criterion with the use of weighting factors based on expert estimates. Based on the example of the design of a multi-purpose machine for service electric transport, a mathematical model of parametric optimisation of the design of electric and combined propulsion plants is developed. The most efficient system components are selected to meet the customer's requirements.

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26

Popovic, Nikola, and Marina Vasilic. "Activity-based costing on the example of prune-drying company." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 59, no. 3 (2014): 363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas1403363p.

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This paper examines the possibility of application of the activity-based costing in a company engaged in drying fruit. Activity Based Costing (ABC) was developed due to the shortcomings of traditional cost accounting systems, which was shown to have serious limitations, on one hand, and due to the need for more accurate cost price, on the other. This is of great importance for business decision making, which requires quality data and information, because the intense technical and technological progress has significantly altered the environment companies operate in. Along with this fact, major changes in cost structure occurred, which reflected through the increase of the indirect cost portion, and decrease of direct labor and material costs. Traditional cost accounting methods allocate indirect production costs using keys which are no longer appropriate for the new circumstances, and therefore typically allocate unreasonably high amount of indirect costs to those products which are produced in larger series. ABC cost accounting system firstly allocates indirect costs to pre-defined activities, and afterwards carries them to cost and profit drivers. The application of ABC costing in Serbia is at the very beginning. Having in mind that the privatization and the restructuring phase in the economy is followed by the establishment of a new management with fresh ideas, this can be a good timing for companies to introduce modern approach and modern methods of cost accounting. ABC method is very convenient for application in service companies, food processing industry, confectionery companies, driers, sugar refineries, breweries, dairies, mills etc.

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Sirola, Miki, and Jaakko Talonen. "Combining Neural Methods and Knowledge-Based Methods in Accident Management." Advances in Artificial Neural Systems 2012 (July 30, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/534683.

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Accident management became a popular research issue in the early 1990s. Computerized decision support was studied from many points of view. Early fault detection and information visualization are important key issues in accident management also today. In this paper we make a brief review on this research history mostly from the last two decades including the severe accident management. The author’s studies are reflected to the state of the art. The self-organizing map method is combined with other more or less traditional methods. Neural methods used together with knowledge-based methods constitute a methodological base for the presented decision support prototypes. Two application examples with modern decision support visualizations are introduced more in detail. A case example of detecting a pressure drift on the boiling water reactor by multivariate methods including innovative visualizations is studied in detail. Promising results in early fault detection are achieved. The operators are provided by added information value to be able to detect anomalies in an early stage already. We provide the plant staff with a methodological tool set, which can be combined in various ways depending on the special needs in each case.

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Avdeev, Arkadii N., Elena L. Sosnovskaia, and Aleksandr Iu Bolotnev. "Strength coefficient estimation by indirect methods." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal 1, no. 3 (May 14, 2021): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2021-3-28-35.

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Introduction. In exploration, construction, and mining operations it is necessary to assess the physical and mechanical properties of rocks. However, laboratory rock tests are expensive, time-consuming, and require a large number of quality rock samples. There is a problem of rapid evaluation of physical and mechanical properties by indirect, non-destructive methods. The problem is considered on the example of one of the basic properties, the strength coefficient according to Protodiakonov's scale. Research methodology included the analysis of the main indirect methods of determining the strength coefficient based on strength, elastic and acoustic properties of rocks on the grounds of statistical empirical relationships of V. V. Rzhevskii, G. Ia. Novik, L. I. Baron; K. L. Ter-Mikaelian, A. I. Beron, and M. M. Protodiakonov. The most promising methods based on non-destructive laboratory tests of modulus of elasticity and longitudinal wave velocity are selected. Results and conclusions. The strength coefficient was calculated by several methods on the example of siliceous sandstones, selected from the exploration well of the gas-bearing field. The results were compared with each other and with cadastral references and materials. The most optimal for calculations were the dependences of V. V. Rzhevskii, G. Ia. Novik, and L. I. Baron when evaluating the strength coefficient by the modulus of elasticity, and the dependences of A. I. Beron and L. I. Baron when calculating based on acoustic characteristics.

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29

Kangas, Annika. "Small-area estimates using model-based methods." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26, no. 5 (May 1, 1996): 758–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-085.

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In small areas, the number of sample plots is usually small, and the classical estimators have a large variance. Information from nearby areas can be utilized to improve the subarea estimates using either nonparametric or parametric models. In this study, a number of model-based estimators for small-area estimation are presented. To illustrate the presented methods a numerical example in a real inventory situation is given. The auxiliary information used in this study is pure coordinate information, but the methods are applicable also for other kinds of auxiliary information. The object of this study is to compare the features of the presented small-area estimation methods and to discuss the applicability of these methods in different situations.

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Miyazaki, Daisuke, and Kazuya Uegomori. "Example-Based Multispectral Photometric Stereo for Multi-Colored Surfaces." Journal of Imaging 8, no. 4 (April 11, 2022): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging8040107.

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A photometric stereo needs three images taken under three different light directions lit one by one, while a color photometric stereo needs only one image taken under three different lights lit at the same time with different light directions and different colors. As a result, a color photometric stereo can obtain the surface normal of a dynamically moving object from a single image. However, the conventional color photometric stereo cannot estimate a multicolored object due to the colored illumination. This paper uses an example-based photometric stereo to solve the problem of the color photometric stereo. The example-based photometric stereo searches the surface normal from the database of the images of known shapes. Color photometric stereos suffer from mathematical difficulty, and they add many assumptions and constraints; however, the example-based photometric stereo is free from such mathematical problems. The process of our method is pixelwise; thus, the estimated surface normal is not oversmoothed, unlike existing methods that use smoothness constraints. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this study, a measurement device that can realize the multispectral photometric stereo method with sixteen colors is employed instead of the classic color photometric stereo method with three colors.

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31

Putka, Dan J., Adam S. Beatty, and Matthew C. Reeder. "Modern Prediction Methods." Organizational Research Methods 21, no. 3 (April 3, 2017): 689–732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094428117697041.

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Predicting outcomes is critical in many domains of organizational research and practice. Over the past few decades, there have been substantial advances in predictive modeling methods and concepts from the computer science, machine learning, and statistics literatures that may have potential value for organizational science and practice. Nevertheless, treatment of these modern methods in major management and industrial-organizational psychology journals remains minimal. The purpose of this article is to (a) raise awareness among organizational researchers and practitioners with regard to several modern prediction methods and concepts, (b) discuss in nonmathematical terms how they compare to traditional regression-based prediction methods, and (c) provide an empirical example of their application and performance relative to traditional methods. Beyond illustrating their potential for improving prediction, we will also illustrate how these methods can offer deeper insights into how predictor content functions beyond simple construct-based explanations.

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SALLEE, PHIL. "MODEL-BASED METHODS FOR STEGANOGRAPHY AND STEGANALYSIS." International Journal of Image and Graphics 05, no. 01 (January 2005): 167–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467805001719.

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This paper presents methods for performing steganography and steganalysis using a statistical model of the cover medium. The methodology is general, and can be applied to virtually any type of media. It provides answers for some fundamental questions that have not been fully addressed by previous steganographic methods, such as how large a message can be hidden without risking detection by certain statistical methods, and how to achieve this maximum capacity. Current steganographic methods have been shown to be insecure against simple statistical attacks. Using the model-based methodology, an example steganography method is proposed for JPEG images that achieves a higher embedding efficiency and message capacity than previous methods while remaining secure against first order statistical attacks. A method is also described for defending against "blockiness" steganalysis attacks. Finally, a model-based steganalysis method is presented for estimating the length of messages hidden with Jsteg in JPEG images.

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Goroshko, Nadezhda Vladimirovna, and N. V. Goroshko. "Methods of assessment of spatio-temporal fluctuations(based on the example of the Upper Ob basin)." Environmental Dynamics and Global Climate Change 1, no. 1 (March 15, 2010): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/edgcc1155-65.

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Известно, что показатели речного стока характеризуются пространственно-временными колебаниями. При изучении характера колебаний важным фактором выступает размер речного бассейна, определяющий разнообразие или сравнительное однообразие физико-географических условий, которые создают внутрибассейновую картину колебания стока. Для оценки изменений водности по территории и синхронности или асинхронности ее многолетних колебаний используется ряд способов. Среди них: сравнительный анализ графиков временного ряда годового стока, кусочно-линейные тренды, осреднение рядов наблюдений по скользящим n-летиям, интегрально-разностные кривые, корреляционный анализ. Указанные способы оценки синхронности стока рассмотрены на примере рек бассейна Верхней Оби. Преобладающая часть бассейна - это горная территория, на которой создается сложная картина перераспределения физико-географических показателей, оказывающих влияние на внутрибассейновую картину стока. Комплексное использование приведенных способов позволяет подтвердить точность результатов.

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Saulière, Guillaume, Jérôme Dedecker, Laurie-Anne Marquet, Pierre Rochcongar, Jean-Francois Toussaint, and Geoffroy Berthelot. "Z-scores-based methods and their application to biological monitoring: an example in professional soccer players." Biostatistics 20, no. 1 (November 15, 2017): 48–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biostatistics/kxx044.

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Summary The clinical and biological follow-up of individuals, such as the biological passport for athletes, is typically based on the individual and longitudinal monitoring of hematological or urine markers. These follow-ups aim to identify abnormal behavior by comparing the individual’s biological samples to an established baseline. These comparisons may be done via different ways, but each of them requires an appropriate extra population to compute the significance levels, which is a non-trivial issue. Moreover, it is not necessarily relevant to compare the measures of a biomarker of a professional athlete to that of a reference population (even restricted to other athletes), and a reasonable alternative is to detect the abnormal values by considering only the other measurements of the same athlete. Here we propose a simple adaptive statistic based on maxima of Z-scores that does not rely on the use of an extra population. We show that, in the Gaussian framework, it is a practical and relevant method for detecting abnormal values in a series of observations from the same individual. The distribution of this statistic does not depend on the individual parameters under the null hypothesis, and its quantiles can be computed using Monte Carlo simulations. The proposed method is tested on the 3-year follow-up of ferritin, serum iron, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit markers in 2577 elite male soccer players. For instance, if we consider the abnormal values for the hematocrit at a 5% level, we found that 5.57% of the selected cohort had at least one abnormal value (which is not significantly different from the expected false-discovery rate). The approach is a starting point for more elaborate models that would produce a refined individual baseline. The method can be extended to the Gaussian linear model, in order to include additional variables such as the age or exposure to altitude. The method could also be applied to other domains, such as the clinical patient follow-up in monitoring abnormal values of biological markers.

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Ma, YuanCheng. "Exploration of Hotel Interior Design Methods Based on Regional Culture—Chaoshan Cultural Hotel as an Example." Advances in Social Science and Culture 4, no. 4 (November 12, 2022): p73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/assc.v4n4p73.

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In recent years, Chaoshan culture is a popular object of research for many scholars in recent years, and there are many research points worth digging. As an open space, hotels have very notable regional qualities, and with the development of domestic hotel interior design, various regional cultural hotels have emerged in front of the world. Based on the perspective of regional culture, by analyzing the basic attributes of hotel interior design, this paper explores the gene of regional culture in Chaoshan region, and discusses the application of regional culture in hotel interior design.

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Zhou, Shu, Rong Hu Zhang, and Yong Zhong. "The Novel Methods of Software Architecture Based on the UML and B Methods." Advanced Materials Research 121-122 (June 2010): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.121-122.215.

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The paper proposed a novel methods of Software Architecture Based on the UML and B methods in order to solve the aspects of the architecture of the Statute strengths and weaknesses of existing language software architecture. By the defined rules will be relatively independent of each other sub-components or connections to the executable code refinement. Finally, a concrete example to verify the feasibility of the method. The method is entirely possible refinement in the software architecture, the process of implementation, both retained the use of a systematic analysis of UML design system modeling capabilities and powerful object-oriented model of clear and concise notation, but also against the software model can be formalized The refinement process of validation, the combination of these two methods found a good balance point, making software architecture allows us to design the same time, the architecture design can ensure the consistency and reliability.

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Lakowicz, Joseph R., Ignacy Gryczynski, Zygmunt Gryczynski, Leah Tolosa, Govind Rao, Jonathan Dattelbaum, and Lisa Eichorn. "Novel Methods in Fluorescence Sensing." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (August 1999): 506–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600015853.

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Chemical sensing based on fluorescence is presently undergoing rapid development. As one example, fluorescence lifetime measurements are now being used for measuring cation and anion concentrations in clinical chemistry, cellular imaging and flow cytometry. Additionally, there is an increasing use of proteins as sensors because of their high affinity and specificity for ligands.In this report we describe some recently developed approaches to fluorescence sensing. These new methods are based on the use of a fluorescence reference either within the sample or external to the sample, but within the optical path. Two types of references are used; microsecond lifetime metalligand complexes (MLCs) or oriented films of ns decay time fluorophores. A protein sensor for glucose was developed using the glucose-galactose binding protein (GGBP) from E.coli (Figure 1).

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Zhu, Lei, Kaixin Cheng, Lei Wang, and Wei Tong. "QOE Based Heterogeneous Network Selection Using Pythagorean Fuzzy Methods." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (October 28, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1619623.

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Considering the diversity of demands in heterogeneous network selection problem, we combine Choquet integral with traditional aggregation operators in Pythagorean fuzzy environment, inventing kinds of new operators based on Choquet integral, including PFCOWA (as well as RP-PFOWA) operator, PFCWA operator, PFCOWG (as well as RP-PFOWG) operator, and PFCWG operator, which are capable of solving different attributes relationship prioritized situations. Then, transferring relationship and properties of the operators are further discussed. Additionally, to overcome the weakness of traditional method of evaluation, a novel evaluating system of QOE in fuzzy environment is proposed. Based on these works, an example of heterogeneous network selection is given to illustrate the validity of this method.

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McLaughlin, Nancy, Farzad Buxey, Karen Chaw, and Neil A. Martin. "Value-based neurosurgery: the example of microvascular decompression surgery." Journal of Neurosurgery 120, no. 2 (February 2014): 462–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.9.jns13663.

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Object Value of care is emerging as a promising framework to restructure health care, emphasizing the importance of reporting multiple outcomes that encompass the entire care episode instead of isolated outcomes specific to care points during a patient's care. The authors assessed the impact of coordinated implementation of processes across the episode of surgical care on value of neurosurgical care, using microvascular decompression (MVD) as an example. Methods This study is a retrospective review of consecutive cases involving patients with either trigeminal neuralgia or hemifacial spasm undergoing first-time MVD. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 included patients who underwent surgery between February 2008 and November 2009 and Group 2 included those who underwent surgery between January 2011 and October 2012. The authors collected data on outcome measures spanning the entire surgical episode of care according to the Outcome Measures Hierarchy. Results Forty-nine patients were included: 20 patients in Group 1 and 29 patients in Group 2. Thirty-one patients underwent MVD for trigeminal neuralgia and 18 for hemifacial spasm. A zero mortality rate and high degree of symptom resolution were achieved in both groups. Group 2 benefited from a reduction in the average total operating room time, a decrease in the mean and median postoperative length of hospital stay, a decrease in the mean length of stay on the floor, and a reduction in the rates of complications and readmissions. Conclusions Comprehensive implementation of improvement processes throughout the continuum of care resulted in improved global outcome and greater value of delivered care. Enhanced-recovery perioperative protocols and diagnosis-specific clinical pathways are two avenues built around global care delivery that can help achieve an “optimal episode of surgical care” in every case.

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Shamsipour, Pejman, Michel Chouteau, and Denis Marcotte. "Data analysis of potential field methods using geostatistics." GEOPHYSICS 82, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): G35—G44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2015-0631.1.

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Processing of potential field data is commonly done by spectral methods because of their low computational complexity. However, we have studied some geostatistical methods to process the potential field data, and we find the advantages of using these spatial methods. First, we investigate transformation of data by kriging using a gravimetric model of covariance, we compare this approach with the spectral method, and we find its advantage when the data were sparse and not on a regular grid using a synthetic example as well as a field data example. Then, we use factorial kriging for noise reduction and separation of the regional and residual components. This method does not have some of the practical limitations that the spectral-based methods encounter. Finally, we determine the flexibility of interpolation using nonstationary covariances.

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Ji, Yuejiang, and Lixin Lv. "Two Identification Methods for a Nonlinear Membership Function." Complexity 2021 (April 30, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5515888.

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This paper proposes two parameter identification methods for a nonlinear membership function. An equation converted method is introduced to turn the nonlinear function into a concise model. Then a stochastic gradient algorithm and a gradient-based iterative algorithm are provided to estimate the unknown parameters of the nonlinear function. The numerical example shows that the proposed algorithms are effective.

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Osmolovskaya, S. P., and N. A. Kotakova. "Methods of assessment the resource potential in agriculture." Voprosy regionalnoj ekonomiki 35, no. 3 (October 30, 2018): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21499/2078-4023-2018--3-62-67.

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In the research, based on the study of the use of resource potential in agriculture on the example of the Vologda region, has revealed the features of its development, taking into account industry specifics. The authors have proposed a method of complex assessment the resource potential at an enterprise using the coefficient of the force of entrepreneurial influence.

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K, KARTHIKEYAN. "AN OVERVIEW OF AUDIO CLASSIFIER METHODS AND TECHNIQUES." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 8, no. 4 (April 30, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijarcsse.v8i4.591.

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A brief overview of trends and developments in the area of Content-Based Audio Indexing and Retrieval (CBAIR), during the past few years. Here we explored some limitations and constrains of existing Query by Example (QBE) and Query by Humming (QBH) CBAIR systems. We talked about different methods to represent musical objects, like feature-based representation, musical parameter-based representation; similarly retrieval strategies, like feature based retrieval as well as melody or theme based retrieval of musical objects, in this paper. Moreover, some important issues regarding to indexing and retrieval performance i.e. efficient indexing and retrieval complexity, in this area are discussed thoroughly. Finally, hypothetical solutions for the existing problems in this area are proposed to improve the performance.

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Rui, Su. "INTONATION STRUCTURE OF DONIZETT’S GAETANO OPERA (based on the example «Anne Bolena»)." Baltic Journal of Legal and Social Sciences, no. 2 (October 26, 2022): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2592-8813-2022-2-31.

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The article is devoted to the operatic work of Gaetano Donizetti, the intonational features of which are considered on the example of one of the composer’s earliest operas «Anna Bolenа». It is an example not only of the author’s first success in this genre, but also of a successful combination of an expressive melody with dramatic content, as well as the author’s individual melodic writing of G. Donizetta in the 1830s along with «Maria Stewart», «Lucrezia Borgia», «Lucia di Lammermoor». Іn article methods are applied historiographic, genre-style methods and the method of intonational analysis. It is established that the specificity of the composer’s melodic style is the strengthening of the role of speech intonation, its growing into the thematics of both cantilena and virtuoso constructions, as well as the frequent use of recitative and ariose cues, due to which a natural transition from one emotion to another is created, which is extremely important. for the genre of lyrical drama.

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Catană, Răzvan, Gabriel Dediu, Cornel Tărăbîc, and Horațiu Șerbescu. "Performance Calculations of Gas Turbine Engine Components Based on Particular Instrumentation Methods." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (May 14, 2021): 4492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104492.

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This paper presents an analytical method to determine various main parameters or performances of engine components when those parameters cannot be directly measured and it is necessary to determine them. Additionally, some variants of instrumentation methods are presented, for example: engine inlet, compressor, turbine or jet nozzle instrumentation. The purpose of the instrumentation methods is to directly measure the possible parameters, which are then used as inputs in a model to determine other parameters or performance metrics. This model is based on gasodynamic process equations, and it is used to compute the air and gas parameters, such as enthalpy and entropy, which are described in polynomial form, thus leading to a more realistic calculation. At the end, this paper presents a practical example of instrumentation applied on a Klimov TV2-117A turboshaft, with a series of experimental results, following the engine testing on the test bench.

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Matta, Corrado. "Qualitative Research Methods and Evidential Reasoning." Philosophy of the Social Sciences 49, no. 5 (July 25, 2019): 385–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0048393119862858.

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This article discusses the concept of evidential reasoning in the context of qualitative research methods in the social sciences. A conceptualization of qualitative evidential reasoning is proposed. This conceptualization is based on the analysis of an example of qualitative methods applied to the study of music education. I argue that this conceptualization identifies specific and nontrivial conditions for qualitative evidential reasoning and, at the same time, supports the claim that there is no essential methodological separation regarding evidence between quantitative and qualitative methods.

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Guo, Xiao Na, Sheng Le Cao, Cui Song Yu, Cong Qi Zheng, Jun Wang, Shao Wen Song, Hui Bo Zhuang, and Zhi Rong Zha. "Study on Warning Methods of Irrigation Reservoirs." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 2492–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.2492.

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Reservoir warning is an important part of the red line of water resources development control. Based on the red line of total water in three red lines, this paper put forward firstly the quantitative method for determining water supply line and warning area of irrigation reservoirs, and presented the definition and method of irrigation reservoir warning. Taking the Douyazi reservoir in Jiaonan for example, early warning results based on warning period, which was divided into three months and non-flood season, were given. It provided technical support for implementation of the most strict resources management and sustainable development of the economic society.

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Naumova, Y., and K. Komisarov. "Forming Psychological Competence of Interpreter (Based on Example of Japanese Language)." Vìsnik KNLU. Serìâ “Psihologìâ ta Pedagogìka” / Visnyk KNLU. Series "Pedagogy and Psychology" 40 (September 6, 2024): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32589/2412-9283.40.2024.309803.

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Introduction.The introduction of a competency-based approach to translator training is supported by the Ukrainian academic community, as this model provides ample opportunities for developing the practical skills and abilities necessary for successful professional translation. The analysis of translationcompetence structure has shown that the lion’s share of it consists of linguistic and paralinguistic knowledge and skills, while the psychological component is hardly distinguished separately. At the same time, the author emphasises the prevalence of high levels of stress and emotional burnout among interpreters. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the role of psychological competence in interpreter training and to determine methodological models and forms of training prospective interpreters (using Japanese as an example). Methods. This article includes a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative surveys to measure levels of emotional burnout and qualitative interviews to explore the specific psychological challenges and training needs of interpreters. Results. The study revealed a rather high level of emotional burnout among current Ukrainian interpreters, especially those with short experience in the profession (for Japanese interpreters). They also acknowledge the lack of such professional skills as stress resistance, emotional self-regulation, constructive behaviour in conflict, the ability to endure uncomfortable conditions, and mastery of business and national Japanese etiquette. Conclusion. The development of psychological competence in future interpreters should be undertaken by higher education institutions. The theory of experiential learning for adults is a promising methodological model for the formation of these components of an interpreter’s psychological competence. As a promising direction in this topic, the question of forming supervision as a model for providing novice interpreters with professional assistance in improving their skills, preventing stress and emotional burnout is raised.

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Kądziołka, Kinga. "Comparison of Selected Portfolio Strategies Based on the Example of Cryptocurrency Portfolios." Economic and Regional Studies / Studia Ekonomiczne i Regionalne 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 44–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ers-2021-0004.

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Abstract Subject and purpose of work: The purpose of this work was to compare selected portfolio strategies in terms of return rates in order to answer the question whether the method of determining the weights of the portfolio and reduction of the number of portfolio elements characterized by strong positive correlation of rates of return have an impact on its profitability. Materials and methods: The analysis used publicly available data, selected portfolio methods and hierarchical clustering. Both short- and long-term investment strategies were examined. Results: None of analyzed strategies allows to achieve higher rates of return in any given (arbitrarily selected) period than other analyzed strategies. Portfolios with a reduced number of elements in most cases did make it possible to achieve a higher rate of return than the benchmark portfolios consisting of 15 cyptocurrencies. Conclusions: While making investment decisions, one should bear in mind that the realized rate of return may significantly differ from the expected rate of return of the portfolio, which is only a forecast.

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O'Brien, D., C. Grainger, and L. Shalloo. "Making sense of methods to audit emissions – various audit methods to estimate dairy production carbon footprint." Advances in Animal Biosciences 4, s1 (September 2013): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040470013000241.

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A dairy farm greenhouse gas (GHG) model was applied in this study to compare the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) method and the life cycle assessment (LCA) procedure, which are the principal methods for quantifying the carbon footprint of dairy production. The objectives of this paper were to compare the auditing methods in estimating the carbon footprint of grass and confinement dairy systems and to assess the methods in estimating the footprint of grass-based dairy farms varying in cow genetic potential, stocking rate and level of concentrate feeding. The input data used to operate the model was based on published research studies. The results of the study showed that the IPCC and LCA methods ranked the carbon footprint of dairy systems differently. For example, the IPCC method found that the carbon footprint of the confinement dairy system was 8% lower than the grass system, but the LCA results show that the confinement system increased the carbon footprint by 16%. The comparison of grass-based dairy systems, differing in cow genotype, stocking rate and concentrate fed per cow also showed that the methods did not agree on the ranking of dairy systems carbon footprint. The re-ranking of dairy systems carbon footprint occurred because the IPCC method excludes emissions associated with imported goods, for example, concentrate. Thus, it is incorrect to consider only components of the dairy system relevant for policy reporting such as that used by IPCC when estimating the carbon footprint of dairy produce. Instead, holistic approaches, such as LCA, which consider on and off-farm GHG emissions should be used. Therefore, reform of the present policy framework is required to enable quantification of the impact of mitigation strategies on global emissions. The evaluation of the carbon footprint from grass-based systems differing in cow genotype also demonstrated that selecting cows solely for milk production will increase the carbon footprint of grass-based dairy systems relative to cows selected on a combination of traits, because of reduced cow fertility and thus higher emissions from replacement heifers.

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