Дисертації з теми "Evolutionary economy"
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Hanappi, Hardy, and Manuel Scholz-Wäckerle. "Evolutionary Political Economy: Content and Methods." Taylor & Francis Group, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07360932.2017.1287748.
Повний текст джерелаPantzar, Mika. "A replicative perspective on evolutionary dynamics : the organizing process of the US economy elaborated through biological metaphor /." Helsinki : Työväen taloudellinen tutkimuslaitos, 1991. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=002957522&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Повний текст джерелаOliveira, Adriano dos Reis Miranda Laureno. "Complexidade aplicada ao estudo da dinâmica do investimento: um modelo baseado em agentes (ABM) de inspiração Kaleckiana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-30102018-162946/.
Повний текст джерелаThe main parcial equilibrium and DSGE models which study investment dynamics disregard core issues about this subject and have problems to explain results coming from the empirical literature. We argue that studying investment dynamics in a complex adaptive system by using Agent-Based Models is a promising alternative. In this work we motivate, describe, justify methodologically and build an ABM in line with important models from the literature and we incorporate to firms\' demand expectations an optimism revision rule and an interaction mechanism in their decisions to produce and invest. Thereby, we replicate many stylized facts from the empirical literature and we were able to test macroeconomic effects from theoretical hypothesis related to confidence-driven contagion phenomena, political motivation and reflexivity, present in firms\' decisions. Our results question the effectiveness of mechanisms analogous to the investment strikes, as a way for businessmen to control government policies, but confirm that endogenize possible political motivations, yet subjective, in the level of confidence of the firms has substantial macroeconomic effects. Furthermore, our experiments suggest that i) both productivity and real wages are necessary conditions for growth, ii) temporary confidence shocks have long-term effect, iii ) for localized shocks of pessimism, to contagion the economy, they need to be persistent, iv) consider the concept of reflexivity has important macroeconomic consequences. We find no evidence that government fiscal contractions can be expansionist, through their effects on confidence levels.
Naidoo, Satiaseelan. "The I-space as an evolutionary framework for an economics of knowledge : a comparison with generalized Darwinism." Thesis, Link to the Internet, 2008. http://etd.sun.ac.za/jspui/handle/10019/1835.
Повний текст джерелаMaletta, Héctor. "La evolución del Homo economicus: problemas del marco de decisión racional en Economía." Economía, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117557.
Повний текст джерелаDesde sus inicios, y más claramente desde mediados del siglo XIX, la Economía se ha basado en el supuesto de que los agentes económicos toman decisiones racionales, maximizando su utilidad o bienestar de acuerdo a sus propias preferencias e intereses. El orden económico resultante de esa pluralidad de decisiones es considerado óptimo o eficiente. Diversos autores han cuestionado la validez de estos supuestos y ello ha motivado una gradual transformación de esos mismos supuestos. En este artículo se examinan los problemas que enfrenta la noción de un Homo economicus completamente racional, las correcciones y medidas defensivas adoptadas por distintas tendencias dentro del análisis económico a fin de resolver esos problemas y contrarrestar críticas teóricas y metodológicas, y el desarrollo reciente de algunas concepciones de la realidad económica que se apartan de aquella concepción tradicional, en especial las vinculadas a la economía conductual, a la economía institucional y a la economía evolucionaria.
Bauner, David. "Towards a sustainable automotive industry : experiences from the development of emission control systems." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell dynamik, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4630.
Повний текст джерелаSedan mitten av 1970-talet har utsläppen av kolmonoxid, kolväten och kväveoxider från bensindrivna personbilar reducerats genom samordnad utveckling av lagstiftning och kommersiell introduktion av katalytisk avgasrening, som nu är en del av hundratals miljoner bilar, lastbilar och bussar över hela jorden. Denna avhandling är en disaggregerad studie av den i det närmaste globala introduktionen av katalytisk avgasrening för fordon, som åtgärd för att minska lokala luftföroreningar. Introduktionen av ”trevägskatalysatorn” för bensinbilar studeras i fyra länder. Pågående innovation för dieselavgasrening studeras. Teknisk förändring analyseras med avseende på innovationsprocessen, innovationssystemet och dess respektive intressenter. Resultaten används för att analysera konsekvenser för styrmedel för att åtgärda miljöproblem i vardande. Fordonskatalys är ett exempel på en miljömotiverad innovation, inklusive problemdefinition, lagkrav, företagens marknadsstrategier och marknadspåverkan, innovation, utbud och urval, tekniköverföring, storskalig spridning samt den fortlöpande ömsesidiga utvecklingen av teknik och policy för att reducera emissioner. Gemensamma nämnare för exempel på lyckosamma introduktionsprocesser är en inkluderande dialog kring etappvisa lagkrav, internationell konkurrens, stöd och samarbete i internationella nätverk samt en tydlig opinion för förändring. Introduktionen av trevägskatalysatorn var och är komplex och beroende av lokal kontext och regionala villkor. Kommande ”globala” teknikförändringar måste utvecklas med en förståelse för varje enskild nation eller marknad och dess specifika barriärer och drivkrafter för miljömotiverad innovation. Givet intressenter och tekniska utmaningar i olika teknologiska regimer med potential att reducera klimatförändringar är ökad bränsleeffektivisering och introduktion av s.k. plug-in-hybrider möjliga utvecklingsvägar för hållbar mobilitet.
Desde los años 70 y adelante, la contribución a la polución atmosférica de emisiones de monóxido de carbono, hidrocarburos y óxidos de nitrógeno proveniente de la combustión de los autos a gasolina, ha sido mitigado, por co-evolución entre regulación e introducción comercial de sistemas catalíticos de control de emisiones. Esos sistemas ahora forman parte de cientos de millones de autos, camiones y buses en todo el mundo. La presente tesis es un estudio desagregado de la introducción cerca de global de sistemas de control de emisiones catalíticos, como medida para reducir la contaminación atmosférica local. Se examina el proceso de introducción del convertidor catalítico “de tres vías” para autos a gasolina en cuatro países. Se estudia la innovación presente en el área de sistemas de control de emisiones de motores diesel. El cambio tecnológico es analizado viendo el proceso y el sistema de innovación y los distintos grupos de interés. Los resultados se usan para analizar las implicaciones en cuanto a innovación y política de regulación para enfrentar los desafíos medioambientales actuales. Catálisis automotriz es un ejemplo de innovación motivado ambientalmente, incluyendo definición del problema, regulación pública, estratégicas corporativas dentro y fuera de mercado, variedad, selección, transferencia de tecnología, difusión masiva y la coevolución continuo entre política de reducción de emisiones y desarrollo tecnológico. Denominaciones comunes para innovaciones exitosas, tecnológicas o de mercado, son un diálogo dinámico sobre planes de regulación estructurados en etapas, competición internacional, apoyo y coordinación de redes internacionales, y opinión local beneficiario. La introducción global del catalizador de tres vías fue compleja y altamente relacionada con el contexto local y condiciones locales, sugiriendo que estrategias “globales” de innovación y regulación para tratar los desafíos de hoy y mañana deben ser diseñados con entendimiento de factores locales a favor y en contra para innovación ambientalmente motivado. Dado los grupos de interés, los desafíos tecnológicos y las trayectorias presentes en el área de mitigación del cambio climático, se concluye que el aumento de uso eficiente de combustible y la introducción de vehículos híbridos enchufables (plug- in) son alternativas viables para el transporte sustentable.
(japanese) 1970年代の中頃から今日に至るまで,先進国においては,自動車触媒技術の導入と規制との相互作用によって、ガソリン乗用車から排出される一酸化炭素CO,炭化水素HC,窒素酸化物NOxによる大気汚染への寄与率は減少している。現在では、この自動車触媒はディーゼル乗用車、トラックやバスなどを含めて何億台もの自動車で使われている。 この論文は,各地域での大気汚染を解決する手段としての触媒の地球規模での導入に関する調査研究である。ガソリン乗用車への三元触媒導入の過程を4か国比較で行うと共に,現在取り組まれているディーゼル機関の排出ガス制御についても研究した。これらの例の技術革新について、その内容を、技術革新に係る利害関係者(ステークスホルダー)の観点から技術の変革について分析した。これらの結果から,将来の環境問題に対応するためのイノベーションと規制に関する政策への示唆を行なった。 自動車用触媒は,問題定義,規制,市場原理に基づくないしは市場原理に基づかない戦略,開発,多様性,選択,技術移転,技術普及,そして今もなお進化する排出ガス削減に関する規制(政策)と技術開発との相乗効果,等々を含んだ「環境保護に起因する技術革新」の良い例である。 技術革新、および普及の成功例に共通していることは, 1. 構造的かつ段階的な「目標へのロードマップ」を巡る相方向の会話, 2. 国際競争力, 3. 国際的ネットワークによるサポート, 4. 地域社会に支持された意見, 等が挙げられる。 三元触媒の導入はほぼ全世界に及ぶが,その過程は複雑で、地域(国)の事情に強く依存する。つまり、現在または未来の、各国(地域的)または地球規模の問題に焦点を当てた「世界的」技術革新や規制戦略は、地域よって異なる障害の存在や、環境保護の視点に立った技術革新を推進する潜在力への理解なしには成り立たないことを意味するのである。 気候変動を緩和するための様々な技術体系からの技術的挑戦および関係者(ステークスホルダー)の意見を考慮すると,燃費向上とプラグイン・ハイブリッドの導入が,交通部門における持続可能な発展への道のりであると言える。
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Wäckerle, Manuel, Bernhard Rengs, and Wolfgang Radax. "An Agent-Based Model of Institutional Life-Cycles." MDPI, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g5030160.
Повний текст джерелаMcGregor, Sue L. T. "Consumer policy : a network/political economy perspective : an application of the new macro-relational consumer policy framework to study the evolutionary dynamics of the policy community for the Electronic Fund Transfer System (EFTS) consumer issue in Canada." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1992. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21316.
Повний текст джерелаZhang, Ruixun Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Economic behavior from an evolutionary perspective." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101820.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 155-174).
The conflict between rational models of economic behavior and their systematic deviations, often referred to as behavioral economics, is one of the most hotly debated issues in social sciences. This thesis reconciles the two opposing perspectives by applying evolutionary principles to economic behavior and deriving implications that cut across species, physiology, and genetic origins. In the context of a binary-choice model, we first show that risk aversion emerges via natural selection if reproductive risk is "systematic", i.e., correlated across individuals in a given generation. The degree of risk aversion is determined by the stochastic nature of reproductive rates, and different statistical properties lead to different utility functions. More generally, irrational behaviors are not just mere divergence from rationality, but seeds necessary for successfully coping with environmental transformations. Furthermore, there is an optimal degree of irrationality in the population depending on the degree of environmental stochasticity. When applied to evolutionary biology, we show that what appears to be group selection may, in fact, simply be the consequence of natural selection occurring in stochastic environments with "systematic" risks. Those individuals with highly correlated risks will appear to form "groups", even if their actions are totally autonomous, mindless, and, prior to selection, uniformly randomly distributed in the population. Evolutionary principles can also be used to model the dynamics of financial markets. In a multiperiod model of the contagion of investment ideas, we show that heterogeneous investment styles can coexist in the long run, implying a wider variation of diverse strategies compared to traditional theories. These results may provide new insights to the survival of a wide range of hedge funds. In a model that investors maximize their relative wealth, the initial wealth plays a critical role in determining how the optimal behavior deviates from the Kelly Criterion, regardless of whether the investor is myopic or maximizing the infinite-horizon wealth.
by Ruixun Zhang.
Ph. D.
Hogarth, James Ryan. "The evolutionary economic geography of climate change." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4b415617-4b0c-4c5a-98d7-4a1c765bb69f.
Повний текст джерелаJiang, Ge. "Essays in evolutionary game theory." Thesis, University of Essex, 2016. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/16917/.
Повний текст джерелаMazzero, Marcelo Fernando. "The evolution of green food poducts and retailers\' eco-strategizing and green competitiveness in the Danish and Brazilian grocery sector." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-15032018-164134/.
Повний текст джерелаSeguindo uma abordagem evolucionária para sustentabilidade ambiental, esta tese agrega uma compreensão das dinâmicas de esverdeamento da economia, particularmente destacando o aspecto negligenciado da demanda no esverdeamento dos mercados. Desde o surgimento dos mercados de alimentos verdes nas décadas de 1980 and 1990, este estudo investiga o papel dos principais grupos varejistas no desenvolvimento do mercado de alimentos verdes na Dinamarca e no Brasil. Dessa maneira, a taxa e a direção do processo de esverdeamento nesses mercados são investigados, bem como a convergência e o impacto da estratégia dos varejistas no setor supermercadista. Usando o quadro de análise das capacidades dinâmicas, esta tese investiga o por que, como e quando as estratégias, performance e competitividade dos grupos de varejo co-evoluíram com o desenvolvimento dos mercados de alimentos verdes dinamarquês e brasileiro. Ainda, este estudo contribui de forma inovadora em pelo menos mais três aspectos. Em primeiro lugar, avança-se a literatura existente complementando-a com dados longitudinais qualitativos e quantitativos ao nível da empresa, que são analisados ao longo do tempo através da proposição de um conjunto de indicadores das dimensões macro (nível de mercado), meso (nível setorial) e micro (nível da empresa) para análise do mercado verde. Em segundo lugar, prove-se as perspectivas dos varejistas e stakeholders de suporte do mercado entrevistados, que atuam nos mercados de alimentos verdes dinamarquês e brasileiro. Em terceiro lugar, estima-se o volume de vendas dos alimentos verdes do setor varejista brasileiro. Embora esta tese conclua que os principais grupos varejistas na Dinamarca e no Brasil não foram os pioneiros do mercado de alimentos verdes, estes em colabolação com produtores especializados em alimentos orgânicos e stakeholders de suporte do mercado foram centrais para tornar o mercado de alimentos verdes um caso de negócios viável. Tais grupos de varejo tiveram um papel decisivo no aumento da escala do volume de negócios dos mercados de alimentos verdes dinamarquês e brasileiro. Ademais, esses varejistas sentiram o potencial do mercado de produtos alimentares verdes já nas décadas de 1980 e 1990, e particularmente da década de 2000 em diante; e conseguiram através de estratégias específicas dimensionar e transformar o mercado de alimentos verdes na Dinamarca e no Brasil. A elaboração de estratégias e a construção de capacidades específicas desses varejistas foram fundamentais para as mudanças inovadoras em seus modelos de negócios, que se tornaram claramente mais verdes neste período devido ao papel deles no desenvolvimento dos mercados de alimentos verdes dinamarquês e brasileiro. Finalmente, como a Dinamarca está em um nível mais alto do que o Brasil no consumo de alimentos verdes, isto sugere um estágio mais maduro da economia verde dinamarquesa.
Mendonça, G. P. A. de. "Nonlinear and evolutionary phenomena in deterministic growing economies." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/58404/.
Повний текст джерелаZacchia, Paolo B. "Evolutionary macroeconomics : Schumpeterian long waves and shorter-term dynamics." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336506.
Повний текст джерелаSanz, Ibáñez Cinta. "The Evolution of Destinations. An Evolutionary and Relational Economic Geography Approach." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/586077.
Повний текст джерелаEl objetivo de esta tesis es comprender cómo y por qué los destinos turísticos se transforman con el tiempo, poniendo especial atención al estudio de las dinámicas del lugar en su conjunto en vez de simplificar el análisis a la evolución de la actividad turística, una de las discusiones predominantes en torno a los modelos evolutivos tradicionales. Con este fin, se desarrolla un modelo analítico inspirado en avances contemporáneos en el campo de la geografía económica, más concretamente, en el ámbito de la geografía económica evolutiva (EEG) y la geografía económica relacional (REG). Desde este enfoque, la evolución de los destinos se concibe como un proceso complejo y en continuo cambio que está influenciado por las características específicas y la interacción de múltiples fuerzas en términos de agencia (human agency), contextualidad (contextuality) y dependencia de la trayectoria (path dependence). Centrando el análisis empírico en los catalizadores específicos que tuvieron incidencia en la definición de la trayectoria evolutiva de la Costa Dorada centro desde la década de 1980, la investigación se orienta, en primer lugar, a estudiar los efectos de la interacción los actores y los flujos de conocimiento en el comportamiento evolutivo de los destinos (human agency). En segundo lugar, la capacidad de adaptación de los destinos ante las dinámicas de cambio local y global (contextuality). En tercer lugar, los efectos positivos y negativos a largo plazo que se derivan de las decisiones y acontecimientos ocurridos en el pasado (path dependence).
The aim of this thesis is to understand how and why destinations change over time, putting attention to the dynamics of place instead of the evolution of tourism activity, one of the prevalent discussions around traditional evolutionary models. To achieve this, it develops an analytical model drawing inspiration on contemporary advances in economic geography – i.e. evolutionary economic geography (EEG) and relational economic geography (REG). From such an approach destination evolution is conceived as a complex ongoing process shaped by the specific characteristics and interplay of multiple forces in terms of human agency, contextuality and path dependence. By focusing on the analysis of specific catalysts that shaped the evolutionary trajectory of central Costa Daurada (Catalonia) since the 1980s, the exploratory research conducted studies, first, the effects of stakeholders’ interaction and knowledge flows on the evolutionary performance of destinations (human agency). Second, the adaptive capacity of destinations in front of dynamics of local and global change (contextuality). And third, the enabling and constraining long-term effects of decisions and events occurred in the past (path dependence). The methodological design of the empirical research comprises a combination of qualitative – interviews and documentary analysis – and quantitative – social network analysis – techniques.
Safarzynska, Karolina, Roy Brouwer, and Marjan Hofkes. "Evolutionary modelling of the macro-economic impacts of catastrophic flood events." Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2013.01.016.
Повний текст джерелаShenhav, Rivka. "Innovation in the U.S. 1920-2006 - Quality Trends and Evolutionary Path." Thesis, University of California, Davis, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3723724.
Повний текст джерелаLong run economic growth potential depends on the increase in the efficiency of resource utilization in the economy through improvements in the underlying technological capabilities. Recent economic growth slow-down, and in particularly the substantial decline in long-run productivity growth rates in the US, raises a question regarding the possible slowdown in the underlying technological growth. I set out to evaluate this question by examining the change in the potential social benefits from technology over the period of 1944-2000 in the US. I use knowledge spillovers generated by cohorts of patented innovations as proxy to the social benefits generated by those cohorts. These can be estimated using the distribution parameters for the number of citations received by patents in a cohort. The data for the work is a newly constructed patent citations database of all US patent data from 1920-2006 with full citations from 1947 on.
The first chapter introduces the new data and provides an in-depth analysis of the time-trend of its various statistical characteristics. The exposed non-stationary distribution parameter for the citation data impedes its use in the time-series analysis for extracting the innovative quality trend. A de-trending treatment to correct for this non-stationary behavior is proposed and applied.
The second chapter pursues the innovative quality analysis over the period. My attempts to use the Jaffe-Trajtenberg model for knowledge spillovers with the expanded data period strained some of the model's underlying assumptions to a breaking point. Instead, I introduce a new model for estimating the intensity of such spillovers (the innovative quality) based on the Log-Normal distribution of patent values as measured from their spillover effects (received citations). I compute the innovative output quality for annual cohorts of patents in narrowly defined technological fields over the period of 1937-1994. The results show a decline in the traditional mechanical and chemical technologies quality starting in the early 1960s. The modern technologies associated with electronics, ICT and medicine flourished until the early to mid 1980s,after which their quality declined as well.
The last chapter examines the evolutionary path of a transformative technology using the ICT over the period of 1944 to 1994. The analysis uses the full citation network for US patents over the period of 1947-2006 and applies network analysis techniques to identify main technological trajectories for the key technological fields comprising the ICT. The pattern of technological inflows and outflows for each cohort on the trajectory provides the evolutionary timeline and technology inter-dependencies. These demonstrate the underlying process of building the essential skills and complementary devices and techniques which took place in the first 25 years of the ICT evolutionary path. The fast pace of that evolutionary path and lack of significant gaps in the time-line suggest that even under optimal conditions of existing market demand for new technologies (e.g. defense and space), it takes a new, transformative technology close to half a century to deliver its productivity gains.
Souza, Daniel Fernando de 1980. "The microfoundations of evolutionary economic's demand side : an adaptive model of consumer choice." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/47165.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Econômico. Defesa: Curitiba, 27/03/2017
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Resumo: A economia evolucionária é uma abordagem bem estabelecida nas Ciências Econômicas que apresentou várias teorias para explicar os mais diversos fenômenos econômicos. No entanto, o lado da demanda em suas teorias é relativamente pouco desenvolvido. Com o objetivo avançar teoricamente as discussões sobre o lado da demanda na economia evolucionária, esta pesquisa investiga o comportamento do consumo a partir de uma perspectiva econômica evolucionária. Hipóteses típicas da economia evolucionária que podem embasar uma teoria do consumidor evolucionária são identificadas. Com o intuito de superar algumas dificuldades na modelagem de modelos de consumo evolucionário, é introduzida uma abordagem na literatura da psicologia que poderia contribuir para o avanço das teorias da economia evolutiva no consumo: o programa de pesquisa em heurísticas rápidas e frugais (Gigerenzer e Selten, 2001). Nessa abordagem, inspirada pelo conceito racionalidade limitada de Herbert Simon, mecanismos cognitivos chamados "heurísticas" desempenham um papel importante na explicação da tomada de decisão humana. Depois de analisar as investigações da economia evolucionária sobre o comportamento do consumidor e a abordagem de heurísticas rápidas e frugais, desenvolvemos um modelo baseado em agentes que apresenta os principais pressupostos identificados nessas abordagens. Propomos uma estrutura de modelo baseada em Valente (2012) para analisar uma evolução de um mercado de bens semiduráveis com agentes que utilizam diferentes estratégias de decisão (i.e., heurísticas) que podem mudar dependendo da estrutura do ambiente em cada fase do desenvolvimento desse mercado. Tendo desenvolvido o modelo adequado, as implicações da inclusão de três heurísticas (Take-the-best, Tallying e Imitate-the-majority) na estrutura de mercado e dinâmica são investigadas através de uma série de simulações computacionais. Com base nessas simulações, é possível dizer que os diferentes processos de decisão heurística afetam: a dinâmica da evolução do mercado, o desempenho das empresas medido pelas vendas e conseqüentemente a concentração do mercado. Esta dissertação contribui para a compreensão das microfundações do lado da demanda da economia evolucionária. Concluise que as heurísticas simples usadas pelos consumidores para decidir qual produto eles vão comprar pode melhorar a compreensão dos economistas evolucionários em relação aos microfundamentos que determinam a demanda e subjazem fenômenos como inovação, dependência do caminho, aprendizagem do consumidor e formação de rotinas. Palavras-chave: Economia evolucionária. Teoria do consumidor. Racionalidade limitada. Programa de pesquisa em heurísticas rápidas e frugais. Modelos baseados em agentes. Estruturas de mercado.
Abstract: Evolutionary economics is as well established approach in economics that has presented various theories to explain the most diverse economic phenomena. Nevertheless, we argue in this dissertation that the demand side of the theory is underdeveloped. In order to provide insights into demand side theorizing in evolutionary economics, this research investigates the consumption behavior in an evolutionary economics perspective. I identify typical assumptions in evolutionary economics in which a consumer theory may be built. In order to overcome some difficulties in modeling evolutionary consumption models, I introduce an approach in the psychological literature that could contribute to advance the evolutionary economics theories in consumption: the fast-and-frugal heuristics program (Gigerenzer and Selten, 2001). In this approach, which was inspired by Herbert Simon's bounded rationality, the cognitive mechanisms called heuristics play a major role in explaining human decision-making. After reviewing the evolutionary economics investigations into consumer behavior and the fast-and-frugal heuristics approach, I develop an agent based model featuring the main assumptions identified in each of these approaches. I propose a model framework - based on Valente (2012) - to analyze a semi-durable market evolution with agents using different decision strategies (i.e., heuristics) that can change depending on the structure of the environment in each stage of the market development. Having developed an appropriate model, I investigate the implications of the inclusion of three heuristics (Take-the-best, Tallying and Imitate-the-majority) in the market structure and dynamics through a series of computer simulations. Based on these simulations, I confirm that the different heuristics decision process affect the dynamics of the market evolution, the firms' performance measured by sales and consequently the market concentration. This dissertation contributes to the understanding of the microfoundations of the demand side of evolutionary economics. I conclude that simple heuristics strategies used by the consumers to decide which product they will purchase may enhance the comprehension of evolutionary economists of the demand-side drives that underlie phenomena like innovation, path dependency, consumer learning, and routine formation. Key-words: Evolutionary economics. Consumer theory. Bounded rationality. Fast-and-frugal heuristics research program. Agent-based models. Market structure.
Latsch, Wolfram Wilhelm. "Beyond complexity and evolution : on the limits of computability in economics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325103.
Повний текст джерелаOrero, Shadrack Otieno. "Power systems generation scheduling and optimisation using evolutionary computation techniques." Thesis, Brunel University, 1996. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4869.
Повний текст джерелаNguyen, Duy Huu Manh. "Analysing electricity markets with evolutionary computation." University of Western Australia. School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2002. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2003.0018.
Повний текст джерелаWakeley, Timothy M. "Industrial structure and technological change : policy and welfare conclusions from an evolutionary perspective." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358840.
Повний текст джерелаOrike, Sunny. "Investigating evolutionary computation with smart mutation for three types of Economic Load Dispatch optimisation problem." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2939.
Повний текст джерелаMarch, Evita Maree. "Sex differences in mate preferences: An in-depth exploration of evolutionary and social-economic theories." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2016. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/a31c9321673bc4ad60c1145c5d92986b908983fdd9d7ab1c1e215d7ae9262bee/4404123/201603_Evita_March.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаЗябіна, Євгенія Анатоліївна, Евгения Анатольевна Зябина, Yevheniia Anatoliivna Ziabina, Тетяна Володимирівна Пімоненко, Татьяна Владимировна Пимоненко, Tetiana Volodymyrivna Pimonenko, Олексій Валентинович Люльов, et al. "Evolutionary development of energy efficiency in the context of the national carbon-free economic development." Thesis, EDP Sciences, 2021. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/86458.
Повний текст джерелаThis research was funded by the grants from the National Research Foundation of Ukraine ; the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine.
Ma, Mulan [Verfasser]. "Tourism area development from an evolutionary economic geography perspective - The case of Guilin, China / Mulan Ma." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1038694809/34.
Повний текст джерелаKim, Songpyo. "INVENTIVE THOUGHT IN ENDOGENOUS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: AN EMPIRICAL COMPARISON OF DARWINIAN AND LAMARCKIAN APPROACHES." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1322653354.
Повний текст джерелаCrespo, Cepas Juan. "Understanding cluster dynamics in evolutionary economic geography : essays on the structure of networks and clusters life style." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU10036/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objective of this thesis is to study clusters’ evolution. The literature on clusters has widely studied why clusters exist and how they favor innovation, productivity and growth. Our concern is to study how these effects hold over time. Therefore, we aim at identifying the determinants of dynamic performance of clusters to explain why some clusters decline while others keep working by continuous renewal. To do so, this thesis approaches clusters from a network perspective. We contend that clusters with heterogeneous network structures exhibit different capacities to associate and dissociate cluster’s evolution and industrial/technological cycle at the right moment. Thus, we identify the properties of network structures that favor dynamic performance of clusters or cluster resilience. We support our theoretical developments with empirical insights in two different contexts. On the one hand, we study the structure of clusters in the European mobile phone industry. On the other hand, we analyze the structure of relations between cheese producers in Aculco (Mexico). The main result of this work is that network hierarchy, network disassortativity and the interplay between different networks (multiplexity) influence the capacity of clusters to avoid negative lock-in leading to cluster failure, and favor lock-out to enhance cluster continuation, i.e. extending the life of the cluster
Hussain, Syed Salman. "Greening of industry : an ecological economic appraisal of eco-innovations and eco-labelling." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4362.
Повний текст джерелаMoro, Mariú Abritta [UNESP]. "Inovações tecnológicas ambientais: uma análise para o setor de microeletrônica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/115556.
Повний текст джерелаCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Este trabalho foi realizado no formato de três artigos que se apresentam aqui como capítulos. O primeiro artigo realiza uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o papel da tecnologia para a economia do meio ambiente e a economia evolucionista. O segundo artigo faz uma discussão acerca dos problemas ambientais relacionados ao setor eletrônico brasileiro, bem como as possíveis soluções tecnologias desenvolvidas para soluciona-los, ademais ele faz apontamentos sobre a discussão da regulação ambiental na promoção dessas soluções tecnológicas. O terceiro artigo realiza um levantamento das firmas brasileiras do setor eletrônico que realizaram inovações ambientais no período de 2009-2011, através desse levantamento, busca-se identificar as características das firmas quanto ao seu tamanho, capital controlador, cooperação entre agentes, esforços inovativos e regulação. Por último, é realizado um exercício econométrico cuja finalidade é indicar quais são os principais determinantes das inovações ambientais no setor eletrônico brasileiro no ano de 2011
This master thesis was structured in three articles presented here in chapters format. The first article provides a literature review on the role of technology in environmental economics and evolutionary economics as well. The second article discuss the environmental problems related to the Brazilian electronics sector, and its possible technological solutions. It also discuss the roll of environmental regulation as a driver of these technological solutions. The third article presents a survey of Brazilian electronics companies that performed environmental innovations in 2009-201, we seek to identify the characteristics of firms in terms of size, controlling capital, cooperation among agents, innovative efforts and regulation. Besides this, it is performed an econometric exercise whose purpose is to indicate which are the main determinants of environmental innovations in the Brazilian electronics industry in this period
Moro, Mariú Abritta. "Inovações tecnológicas ambientais : uma análise para o setor de microeletrônica /." Araraquara, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/115556.
Повний текст джерелаBanca: Maj Munch Andersen
Banca: Tatiana Massaroli de Melo
Resumo: Este trabalho foi realizado no formato de três artigos que se apresentam aqui como capítulos. O primeiro artigo realiza uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o papel da tecnologia para a economia do meio ambiente e a economia evolucionista. O segundo artigo faz uma discussão acerca dos problemas ambientais relacionados ao setor eletrônico brasileiro, bem como as possíveis soluções tecnologias desenvolvidas para soluciona-los, ademais ele faz apontamentos sobre a discussão da regulação ambiental na promoção dessas soluções tecnológicas. O terceiro artigo realiza um levantamento das firmas brasileiras do setor eletrônico que realizaram inovações ambientais no período de 2009-2011, através desse levantamento, busca-se identificar as características das firmas quanto ao seu tamanho, capital controlador, cooperação entre agentes, esforços inovativos e regulação. Por último, é realizado um exercício econométrico cuja finalidade é indicar quais são os principais determinantes das inovações ambientais no setor eletrônico brasileiro no ano de 2011
Abstract: This master thesis was structured in three articles presented here in chapters format. The first article provides a literature review on the role of technology in environmental economics and evolutionary economics as well. The second article discuss the environmental problems related to the Brazilian electronics sector, and its possible technological solutions. It also discuss the roll of environmental regulation as a driver of these technological solutions. The third article presents a survey of Brazilian electronics companies that performed environmental innovations in 2009-201, we seek to identify the characteristics of firms in terms of size, controlling capital, cooperation among agents, innovative efforts and regulation. Besides this, it is performed an econometric exercise whose purpose is to indicate which are the main determinants of environmental innovations in the Brazilian electronics industry in this period
Mestre
Thai, Doan Hoang Cau Australian Graduate School of Management Australian School of Business UNSW. "Analysing tacit collusion in oligopolistic electricity markets using a co-evolutionary approach." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Australian Graduate School of Management, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/22478.
Повний текст джерелаLeviaux, Pierre. "Three Essays on the Biological Hypothesis in Evolutionary Cliometrics." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2123.
Повний текст джерелаHistorically, exchanges between biology and economics have been frequent and have often caused considerable controversy. More specifically, many social scientists, whether economists or conducting academic research in other disciplines, have regularly expressed reservations, reluctance and sometimes even a form of aversion toward certain forms of exchange between economics and biology. These exchanges between these two disciplines have occurred through different channels and in different ways. As this dissertation explains, they were not limited to mere analogies or metaphors. Indeed, two distinct forms of imports from biology into economics have been particularly problematic. The first is the explanation of economic phenomena, whether the latter take place at the micro-economic or macro-economic level, by biological variables. The cliometric approaches of RW Fogel on the one hand, and of Q. Ashraf and O. Galor on the other, whose empirical studies of the determinants of economic growth are respectively based on physiological reductionism and on genetic reductionism, illustrate this first trend, and constitute the subject matter of the first two chapters of this thesis. Along with the use of more or less motivated forms of biological reductionism, which occurs mainly in the formulation of economic theories that seek to provide a biological basis for the structure and functioning of economic systems, a second recourse to biology has also been used, and also aroused important controversies. This second use of biology in economics took the well-known form of the metaphor of natural selection. While biological reductionism mainly occurs in studies related to the structuro-functional dimension of economic systems, the use of the metaphor of natural selection obviously concerns the evolutionary dimension of these same systems. The third chapter of this thesis is therefore devoted to the study of the conditions that allows for the extension of the three Darwinian principles of variation, selection and inheritance to the understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of economic systems. Through the study of both some methodological and epistemological stakes that these two major types of recourse to biology raise, this thesis aims to allow for a renewal of the exchanges between these two disciplines in a form that eschews both the pitfalls of a sometimes naive recourse to biological reductionism and of an excessively daring transfer of the principles of biological evolution into the field of social and economic evolution. On the contrary, it seems necessary for economists interested in a fruitful dialogue between biology and economics to be able to guard against both the temptation of a biologizing reductionism and the many facets of a naturalizing evolutionism, which finally turn out to be the two sides of the coin: that of the negation of the deeply political nature of social and economic objects and of the arbitrary and harmful restriction of the "field of possibilities" which characterizes economic and social systems
Moura, Ana Carolina. "O papel do indivíduo na evolução institucional de Veblen." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2017. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/12589.
Повний текст джерелаSegundo Veblen (1915), a evolução das instituições é o mesmo que desenvolvimento institucional e isso é o próprio desenvolvimento da sociedade. Este trabalho almeja responder a seguinte questão: qual é o papel do indivíduo na evolução institucional de Veblen? O objetivo geral é buscar o papel que o indivíduo ocupa na evolução institucional de Veblen. Para atingir o objetivo geral foi desenvolvida uma estrutura analítica que apresenta as características fundamentais de Teoria Econômica Evolucionária. Como objetivo específico, investiga-se as características fundamentais de uma Teoria Econômica Evolucionária e uma forma de apresentá-la como uma estrutura analítica que será usada para avaliar a Teoria de Veblen e o papel do indivíduo na mesma. Para se entender quais são os elementos fundamentais de uma Teoria Econômica Evolucionária, primeiramente é necessário esclarecer o que é uma ontologia evolucionária. Conforme Dopfer e Potts (2008; 2004), a ontologia tem a função de servir como alicerce para a Teoria Econômica Evolucionária e é composta por afirmações científicas sobre a natureza fundamental da realidade. Como uma alternativa de ontologia evolucionária Dopfer e Potts (2008; 2004) propõem o Realismo Evolucionário. Após a definição da ontologia evolucionária, parte-se para a construção das características fundamentais da Teoria Econômica Evolucionária que estejam em conformidade com o Realismo Evolucionário. Nesse trabalho serão apresentados quatro autores Witt (2014), Metcalfe (1998), Lawson (2003) e Potts (2003). Da união desses quatro autores somada com a orientação ontológica evolucionária conclui-se que quatro elementos são fundamentais para uma Teoria Econômica Evolucionária: variação, seleção, replicação e adaptação. Esses elementos compõem as características fundamentais da Teoria Econômica Evolucionária à luz das modalidades de Witt (2014). Ressalta-se que para iniciar essa avaliação é preciso esclarecer quem é essa população e qual é a unidade de seleção. Essa estruturação foi usada como uma ferramenta para analisar a teoria evolucionária de Veblen. Esse método de avaliação do papel do indivíduo aplicado à leitura de uma seleção de escritos de Veblen leva à conclusão de que através de seus instintos, hábitos e instituições, o indivíduo de Veblen possui características de variação, seleção, adaptação e replicação. Na evolução institucional ele possui um múltiplo papel, ora atua como agente através de seus instintos e hábitos, ora assume uma postura mais passiva, onde é moldado pelo ambiente institucional. O múltiplo papel do indivíduo em Veblen pode ser concebido cientificamente e teoricamente quando se incorpora na estrutura teórica a explicação do tipo (iii). Esse tipo de explicação torna possível conceber a história de processos adaptativos que são, também, interativos nos quais a seleção, adaptação e replicação são imperfeitas, abrindo caminho para a geração de nova variação. Uma ontologia evolucionária permite criar teorias cientificas nestes moldes.
Silva, Filho Edison Benedito da 1979. "Institucionalismo econômico, modelos mentais e conformidade institucional." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286373.
Повний текст джерелаTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: Este estudo consiste numa abordagem exploratória que visa descrever os processos pelos quais os modelos mentais são compartilhados em sociedade e exercem sua influência sobre a ação dos agentes econômicos, tomando como objeto de análise o fenômeno da conformidade institucional do comportamento humano. Para atingir este propósito, buscamos, em primeiro lugar, mapear e sistematizar a literatura do institucionalismo econômico com ênfase em suas principais vertentes contemporâneas, demonstrando haver um consenso quanto à relevância atribuída às instituições informais, notadamente na forma de modelos mentais socialmente compartilhados, para a explicação de diversos fenômenos econômicos até então pouco compreendidos ou mesmo negligenciados pela teoria neoclássica. A seguir, apresentamos uma síntese dos principais elementos de análise das modernas teorias da cognição, de modo a avançar na direção de uma compreensão mais aprofundada da dimensão cognitiva da influência institucional sobre a ação individual. Por fim, argumentamos que a forma como os modelos mentais são internalizados pelos agentes condiciona a conformidade de seu comportamento para com as instituições a que se vinculam, enquanto membros de um determinado grupo social. O trabalho é concluído enfatizando a relevância da dimensão cognitiva para a agenda de pesquisa econômica, bem como apontando caminhos para uma possível convergência do pensamento institucionalista a partir de uma melhor compreensão do funcionamento das regras informais e dos mecanismos de enforcement, tendo por base o estudo dos modelos mentais socialmente compartilhados
Abstract: This study is an exploratory approach that aims to describe the processes by which mental models are shared in society and exert their influence over the actions of economic agents, taking as object of analysis the phenomenon of institutional conformity of human behavior. To achieve this goal, we seek, first, to map and systematize the literature of economic institutionalism with emphasis on its main contemporary lines, showing that there is a consensus on the importance given to informal institutions, notably in the form of socially shared mental models, for explanation of economic phenomena hitherto little understood or even overlooked by neoclassical theory. The following is a summary of the main elements of analysis of modern theories of cognition, in order to move toward a deeper understanding of the cognitive dimension of institutional influence on individual action. Finally, we argue that the way mental models are internalized by the agents affects the conformity of their conduct to the institutions to which they bind, as members of a particular social group. The work is concluded by emphasizing the relevance of the cognitive dimension to the agenda of economic research, as well as pointing to a possible convergence paths of thought from an institutionalist understanding of the functioning of informal rules and enforcement mechanisms, based on the study of shared mental models
Doutorado
Teoria Economica
Doutor em Ciências Econômicas
Luz, Manuel Ramon Souza. "Por uma concepção darwiniana de economia evolucionaria : abordagens, pioneiras, conflitos teoricos e propostas ontologicas." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285669.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: Esta dissertação procura apresentar uma abordagem evolucionária para as ciências econômicas, seguindo os princípios darwinianos, - como uma alternativa factível e consistente à visão essencialista do pensamento neoclássico. A partir de uma perspectiva fundada na história das idéias evolucionárias, este trabalho procura compreender como os desenvolvimentos destas idéias influenciaram o debate econômico em determinados períodos. Denominados período de fundação, especificação e disseminação, procura-se evidenciar as repercussões desses três importantes momentos da história do pensamento evolucionário sobre o desenvolvimento das idéias econômicas. Assim, o trabalho centra seus esforços, num primeiro momento, em verificar a influência da concepção evolucionária de Charles Darwin sobre a perspectiva institucionalista de Thorstein Veblen; num segundo momento, o trabalho acompanha como os desenvolvimentos da biologia evolucionária de meados do século XX, repercutiram sobre as idéias geradas a partir de debates específicos dentro da controvérsia marginalista; e, finalmente, num terceiro momento pretende-se avaliar a recente proposta de generalização dos princípios darwinianos para a economia, seguindo a perspectiva evolucionária do trabalho de Geoffrey Hodgson.
Abstract: This dissertation presents an evolutionary approach to economics, following the darwinian principles, - as a consistent and feasible alternative to the essentialist stand point of neoclassical economics. Departing from a specific perspective founded on the history of evolutionary thought, this dissertation seeks to understand how the developments of these ideas affected the economic debate in certain moments. Named as period of foundation, specification and dissemination, this work tries to highlight how the impact of these three crucial moments in the history of evolutionary thought affected the history of economic ideas. Therefore, this dissertation concentrate its efforts, firstly, to verify the influence of Charles Darwin's evolutionary conception on Thorstein Veblen institutionalist perspective; after that, this work seeks to understand how the developments in evolutionary biology from the mid-twentieth century affected some ideas generated within the marginalist controversy; and, finally, a third instance aims to evaluate the recent proposal for the generalization of Darwinian principles to the economy, following the evolutionary perspective of Geoffrey Hodgson work.
Mestrado
Teoria Economica
Mestre em Ciências Econômicas
Harris, David P. Forstater Mathew. "Adam Smith, Karl Marx, Thorstein Veblen, Peter Kropotkin, and Catholic Social Teaching on work, wages, and the role of technology." Diss., UMK access, 2008.
Знайти повний текст джерела"A dissertation in economics and the social science consortium." Advisor: Mathew Forstater. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Feb. 6, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 181-193). Online version of the print edition.
Jordan, Lucy A. "Fee Hunting Opportunities on Private Land in Utah: An Economic and Policy Analysis." DigitalCommons@USU, 1989. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/3547.
Повний текст джерелаPaterson, Michael T. "Evolutionary Uzbekistan, revolutionary Kazakhstan, an explanation for the differences in fdi policy during the first years of economic transition." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ27535.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSilva, Cristiane Rodrigues Vianna. "A dinamica da produção tecnologica : integrando as analises da sociologia e da economia." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286852.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: A proposta dessa dissertação vai ao encontro do reconhecimento recente por parte dos autores das mais diversas tendências de que os enfoques disciplinares para tratar a produção do conhecimento em ciência e tecnologia, em geral, e a mudança tecnológica, em particular, são insuficientes. Como resposta a esse problema, propõe a multidisciplinaridade (ou interatividade) como forma de análise para esse fenômeno. Particularmente parece existir dificuldade de diálogo entre aqueles que estudam a produção do conhecimento científico e tecnológico com abordagens sociológicas e aqueles que o fazem a partir de enfoques econômicos. Aproximar essas duas vertentes de análise, identificando suas diferenças e, principalmente, seus pontos convergentes é do que se trata essa dissertação. Enquanto a Economia tende a não incorporar elementos importantes para a compreensão desse processo, como os determinantes sociais deste tipo de produção - entre eles, os interesses dos atores envolvidos, as estruturas de poder e a influência dos aspectos políticos -, a Sociologia, em contrapartida, desconsidera muitas das características fundamentais para a estrutura econômica de produção tecnológica, como agências, instituições e sistemas econômicos. Esses diferentes aspectos enfocados por cada uma dessas linhas de pensamento permitem que surjam, em muitos momentos, espaços ociosos de análise que poderiam ser mais bem explorados caso houvesse um esforço de complementaridade entre eles. Muito embora ainda haja certa resistência na integração disciplinar, este trabalho explora as possibilidades de entrecruzamentos das linhas de pensamento econômica, representada pela Economia Evolucionista (EE), e social, representada por dois ramos da Sociologia do Conhecimento Científico: a Social Construction of Technology (SCOT) e a Actor Network Theory (ANT), partindo-se da perspectiva de que alguns de seus elementos de análise se complementam de forma a garantir uma caracterização mais consistente e ampla do objeto analisado. Para tanto, apresenta em seu primeiro capítulo uma contextualização sucinta de onde estão inseridas as três abordagens, quais são suas principais contribuições no que tange à produção tecnológica e algumas de suas principais categorias analíticas. Em seu segundo capítulo, propõe um exercício de complementaridade entre essas categorias analíticas, buscando ressaltar os pontos de interface e os pontos a partir dos quais uma suprimiria a carência analítica das outras. Em seu terceiro capítulo, ilustra, para cada uma das abordagens, um estudo de caso de desenvolvimento tecnológico, que são revisitados à luz das principais categorias de análise fornecidos por elas, para que assim possa-se identificar tanto a diferença no modo como cada um dos enfoques analisa os casos em questão quanto a possibilidade de complementaridade entre eles
Abstract: The proposal of this dissertation is based on the recent recognition by authors of the most diverse trends that disciplinary approach to study the production of knowledge in science and technology, in general, and the technological change, in particular, is insufficient. Based on this, it proposes the multidisciplinarity (or interactivity) as a form of analysis of this phenomenon. Particularly it seems to exist no dialogue between the ones who study the production of scientific and technological knowledge based on sociological approaches and those who study it based on economic tools. To integrate these two sources of analysis, identifying its differences and, mainly, its convergent points is the first aim of this dissertation. While Economics tends not to incorporate important elements for the understanding of these processes, such as the social determinants of this type of production ¿ among them, the interests of the involved actors, the emergence of power structures between them and the influence of the political aspects - , Sociology, on the other hand, disregards many of the basic economic aspects of technological production, such as economic agencies, institutions and systems. The different aspects focused by each discipline on technological production allow the appearance, in many moments, of vague spaces of analysis that could be better explored if a complementary effort existed between them. Even though there is still certain reluctance on disciplinary integration, this work explores the possibilities of dialogue between one approach of Economics thought, represented by the Evolutionary Economics (EE), and two approaches of the Sociology of Scientific Knowledge, represented by the Social Construction of Technology (SCOT) and the Actor Network Theory (ANT), considering that some of its analytical elements complement each other, guaranteeing a more consistent and ample characterization of the analyzed object. For in such a way, it presents on its first chapter an introduction of these three approaches, its main contributions related to the technological production and some of its major analytical categories. Its second chapter proposes an exercise of complementarity between these analytical categories, searching to stand out the interface points and the points from which one approach would suppress the analytical fragilities of the others. The third chapter presents a technological development case study for each one of the approaches, which are revisited based on the conciliation of the three categories of analysis, allowing the application of the possibility of complementarity between them
Mestrado
Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica
Martin, Mogamat Noer. "Optimal placement and effect of a wind farm on load flow and protection systems in a municipal distribution network." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31005.
Повний текст джерелаMaghe, Virginie. "The National Innovation System as theoretical framework for the evaluation of innovation policies." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/283941/3/PhD_Maghe.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаChapter I: The innovation system concept, which is the central concept of this thesis, finds its foundations in the evolutionary theory of economics and the Schumpeterian point of view on the co-evolution of innovation, organizations and institutions. Developed by Nelson and Winter in 1982, this theory is based on the idea that the surviving firms on the markets are not necessarily the ones that maximize their profits. Indeed, their ability to survive is reinforced by the development of internal organizational routines allowing for a fast adaptation to their changing environment. Thus, when assessing performances in terms of innovation in general, the single firm should not by the only centre of attention anymore. The entire environment surrounding its innovation activities should by analysed to understand the conditions underlying its failure or success. The definition of the innovation system (IS) concept finds its roots in this theory: the environment in which innovation activities take place is as important as the decision of the single innovation actor. Defined as all the institutions and organizations involved in the creation and diffusion of new knowledge and technology, the IS includes not only stakeholders of the innovation process, but also all the transversal sectors affecting innovation near or far: labour market, finance, and education… In such a context, the main justification for public intervention shifted from the market failures described by the neo-classical theory, to systemic failures, i.e. the dysfunctions of the IS, on which governments may take actions. And this shift in the policy rationale also leads to specific evaluation techniques of public initiatives.
Chapter II: The IS concept is defined as all the institutions and organizations involved in the creation, diffusion and absorption of new knowledge and technology. An important question is raised by such a point of view: what is a system? What are its components? How does it foster innovation? This theoretical step is necessary to understand all the aspect of the innovation environment that are concerned by innovation policy design. How could a policy-maker integrate the systemic framework of the IS when initiating public action with the aim to improve performances in terms of science, technology and innovation? A large part of the economic literature is dedicated to the description of innovation systems. So the aim of this chapter consists of synthetizing the aspects referenced in the economic theory as the components of the IS in a normative exercise. First, the term “system” involves the articulation of several components and the relationships existing between them. Departing from this definition, three broad aspect of the IS are considered: the actors of the innovation process, the functions of the system and the resulting objectives that should be pursued by the stakeholders, and the instruments used by public authorities to intervene in such a systemic context. The actors involved in the innovation process are not only the recipient of a public policy, they are also policy makers, implementation agents and targets of the policy measures. The functions of the IS mainly concerns the creation, diffusion and absorption of new knowledge and technology. As the role of the State is to improve the performances of such a system, those functions should be considered as the objectives of public action. Finally, the instruments used by the State to reach these goals can also be detailed: innovation policies can be implemented through direct support measures (financial or fiscal tools), the improvement of the infrastructure allowing for the diffusion of innovation, or the general framework conditions affecting performances. The normative exercise ended up with an exhaustive taxonomy that may be used for further analysis
Chapter III: As the aim of this thesis is to develop analytical tools to integrate the IS point of view in public policy evaluation, the most important aspect of the work consisted in building an exhaustive database on innovation policies implemented in the EU28 Member States and its main non-EU competitors (Australia, China, Japan, the US, India, the Russian Federation, Brazil, South Korea and Canada). This database was constructed in the context of the ENIRI study conducted by the European Commission, between 2013 and 2015. This long-lasting work involved the collection of information concerning the innovation policy measures implemented in all the considered countries, both at the national and regional levels. This information was related to the IS dimensions highlighted in previous chapter. The main sources for data collection were the RIO (former Erawatch) and OECD STIP databases, the RIM Plus Monitor and national sources (Ministry websites), as well as national experts. The budgets was also included or estimated for the 2007-2013 period. Once the data were collected, the policy measures were classified according to the theoretical canvas developed through the taxonomy of chapter II. Functional matrices combining different aspects of the IS allowed for detailed information on the distribution of policy measures among the different dimensions of the system. For example, it is possible to estimate the percentage of policy measures implemented in one country that are dedicated to the fundamental research activities in SMEs. This distribution has been computed both in absolute and budget terms. This difference provided information on the contrast existing between governmental claims and intentions in terms of innovation policies and the effective use of money dedicated to the announced target. Indeed, it is not because a substantial number of policies are dedicated to a specific sector of beneficiary that the allocated budget will be more important. Thus, this policy database should shed a light on the way innovation policies are articulated at a national level, and how they are effectively implemented through their budgets
Chapter IV: The evolutionary foundations of the IS concept imply that there is no general equilibrium describing an ideal situation to which a specific case can be compared. In other words, there is no optimal innovation system, and no ideal configuration that should be imitated by the others. This absence of equilibrium and the systemic point of view adopted in this context lead to the use of alternative techniques to evaluate performances and policies. As suggested by Edquist (2006), this has to be done through a diagnosis of the IS, consisting in the identification of the systemic failures, and the elaboration of strategy to fix the problem. This demarche will be investigated in this chapter of the thesis and the following. In this section, a diagnosis of the IS of 37 countries (28 EU and their 9 non-EU competitors) will be realized through a typology based on innovation performances indicators. The aim of such an analysis is to see whether the different IS can be gathered in groups sharing the same characteristics, relative strengths and weaknesses. The expected results should reveal groups of countries sharing the same configurations in terms of innovation process, and facing the same type of weaknesses, dysfunctions or systemic failures. By doing so, one should be able to identify the needs of each IS, i.e. the components that may need improvement and eventually public intervention. To do so, a principal component analysis and a hierarchical ascendant clustering technique have been implemented on the 37 IS, revealing 4 clusters of countries, depending on their NIS characteristics and advancement: 1) The Asian economies, 2) The lagging-behind and catching-up NIS, 3) The small opened systems, 4) The technological leaders. This analysis has been realized for the 2003-2005 and 2013-2015 periods, revealing that, if the general features of the clusters do not tend to change over time, some countries faced a change a modification of their status: Korea left the Asian group to join the leaders, Cyprus and Ireland opened their boarders to a larger extent in a decade.
Chapter V: Innovation policy typologyThis chapter is focused on the construction of an innovation policy typology based on the distributions of policies obtained in the database presented in chapter III. The results of this typology will be compared with the diagnosis realized in previous section to see if the weaknesses and needs of the NIS are effectively targeted by public action in innovation. Also, the aspects that could enhance or weaken such action, and their combination with other component of the NIS could be better understood. To this purpose, a multiple factor analysis has been implemented on the distributions of policy measures in terms of NIS components, followed by a hierarchical ascendant clustering, revealing groups of countries sharing the same characteristics in terms of policy design and implementation. 34 NIS have been examined (India, Brazil and Russia have been removed from the sample due to the bad quality of the information), using both the budget-weighted and non-budget-weighted distributions of measures on the 2007-2013 period. However, the results of this typology cannot be interpreted separately from the general innovation framework in which the public action is implemented. Indeed, countries having the same features in terms of beneficiaries and/or objectives in terms of policy do not necessarily share the same kind of IS. These implementation characteristics should rather be interpreted in light of the results obtained in the NIS diagnosis typology, in order to examiner if the public money effectively go where it is needed. In general, the different examined countries seem to effectively tackle their weaknesses, but countries facing the same types of problems do not implement the same type of policy mix, reinforcing the hypothesis that the innovation process is embedded in a large institutional framework that my orient public action in a direction rather than another. Two specific cases hold the attention in those results: South Korea, whose leader status came along with an improvement of the in force regulatory framework and a focus on private research, and Japan, dealing with research in the pharmaceutical research and ageing-population issues.
Chapter VI: The impact of macroeconomic and IS factors on the efficiency of public R&DAnother point of view can be adopted in an attempt to integrate the IS representations in policy evaluation techniques: the analysis of their impact on the efficiency of public R&D in leveraging private investments. In this chapter, a combination of two types of analysis is used to examine the problematic: the study of the efficiency of public R&D expenditure and its determinants on one hand, and the investigation of a possible crowding out effect of public R&D on the private one on another hand. The crowding out effect is translated into efficiency analysis, considering the BERD funded by government as an input, and the BERD funded by business as an output. And if an increase in the output leads to a decrease in the output, public intervention is considered to crowd out private initiative, as the firm may decide to replace its own investment with public money, instead of using it as an extra resource to increase its R&D activities. In this context, the IS as environment of R&D activities can be seen as a determinant of this efficiency, as it can strengthen or weaken this crowding out effect. The question asked in this section is the following: how to quantify and model the interdependencies existing between the different components of a NIS in order to integrate them in a quantitative analysis. This has been done in this study by implementing factorial analysis (Buesa, 2010) on a set of indicators collected in the Global Competitiveness Index database, and considered as descriptors of the different aspects of the innovation system. Those IS factors are: 1) the general STI environment, 2) the accessibility of the financial markets, 3) the internationalization of the system, 4) barriers to entrepreneurship and 5) the flexibility of labour regulation. Afterwards, these variables have been added as efficiency determinants in a stochastic frontier model assessing a possible crowding out effect between public and private initiatives. The main results showed that there is an additional effect of public R&d expenditure on private R&D investments (no crowding out). Moreover, the general STI environment and accessibility of financial markets have a positive impact on this efficiency, contrary to the presence of foreign stakeholders in the system. The two last factors remain insignificant. Those results suggest that, if public intervention should have an effect on the performances of the NIS, this relationship is also reciprocal: a well-functioning NIS may have a positive effect on the results of a policy measure.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Harnett, Elizabeth S. "Responsible investment and ESG : an economic geography." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2ea40d92-cec6-48a1-8461-c6bd29d09622.
Повний текст джерелаSessa, Celso Bissoli. "Uma abordagem integrada da economia evolucionista e da nova economia institucional para entendimento da relação universidadeempresa: o caso NEXEM/UFES." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2009. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/5994.
Повний текст джерелаConsidering the growing importance of scientific knowledge for technological progress of companies, there is an important role played by universities. In this paper, the importance of the relationship between innovations and institutions in the interaction between universities and firms are analyzed through the framework of Evolutionary Economics and New Institutional Economics. The main models of university-industry interaction and its impact on scientific and technological policies in Brazil are presented, further an analysis of the Law of Innovation. The interaction between universities and companies in Brazil are analyzed using information from the directory of groups of CNPq and from the IBGE`s Industrial Research of Technological Innovation (Pintec). For empirical evidence of the study, are analyzed the Núcleo de Excelência em Estruturas Metálicas e Mistas (NEXEM), the result of partnership between the Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES) and Companhia Siderurgica de Tubarão (CST).
Tendo em vista a crescente importância do conhecimento científico para o progresso tecnológico das firmas, observa-se o importante papel desempenhado pelas universidades. Neste trabalho, procura-se analisar a importância da relação entre inovações e instituições na interação entre universidades e empresas por meio dos arcabouços da Economia Evolucionista e da Nova Economia Institucional. São apresentados os principais modelos de interação universidade-empresa e suas repercussões nas políticas científicas e tecnológicas do Brasil, além de uma análise da Lei de Inovação. A interação entre universidades e empresas no Brasil é analisada por meio das informações do Diretório de Grupos do CNPq e da Pesquisa Industrial de Inovação Tecnológica (Pintec), do IBGE. Para comprovação empírica do estudo, analisa-se o Núcleo de Excelência em Estruturas Metálicas e Mistas (NEXEM), resultado da parceria entre a Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) e a então Companhia Siderúrgica de Tubarão (CST), hoje Arcelor Mittal Tubarão.
Viana, João Garibaldi Almeida. "Evolução da produção ovina no Rio Grande do Sul e Uruguai : análise comparada do impacto da crise da lã na configuração do setor." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/49163.
Повний текст джерелаThe sheep production of Rio Grande do Sul and Uruguay has experienced periods of growth and decline that affected the strategy of the agribusiness. This dynamic market provides a rich setting for an analysis based on evolutionary economics. The objective of this thesis is to compare the historical, economic and institutional changes in the sheep production in Rio Grande do Sul and Uruguay and to evaluate the impact of the international crises in the production of wool in the organization of this sector. The methodological premise of this thesis is the use of primary and secondary data to analyze and compare a dynamic process. The goal is to understand the past, characterize the present, and project the future of the sheep production – the key elements of an evolutionary process. The analysis of historical, productive and structural change in the sheep production in Rio Grande do Sul and Uruguay was descriptive in nature, including a literature review and several statistical techniques such as time series analysis, linear regression and semi-logarithmic regression. A field study with a semi-structured questionnaire and a sample of 120 farmers in Rio Grande do Sul and 80 farmers in Uruguay was conducted to characterize the sheep production. The empirical analysis used descriptive statistical techniques and the parametric test of hypotheses. The market projection of the future in the sheep production was based in the estimation of two types of logistic regression models: an economic model and an institutional model. The linear and semi-logarithmic regression models showed a structural change in the dependent variables, such as sheep flock, wool, and meat production in the two regions. Moreover, there were similarities in the socio-economic, productive and institutional profile of the sampled farmers in Rio Grande do Sul and Uruguay. The primary data indicated that the sheep production is developed in different types of farms area, being a source of income as well as subsistence. The size of the sheep flock across the different farms was diverse, reflecting the variance in the size of the properties, and the beef cattle was the main activity developed in an integrated form. Regarding the institutional profile, the institutions of environment of sheep production establishments presented a connective dimension – the past shaped the present, which in turn will shape the future, reflecting a hereditary process similar to the genes in biology and the path dependence processes. The results from the logistic models indicated that the dependent variables related strictly to economic production were not significantly correlated with the willingness to increase the ovine production in Rio Grande do Sul and Uruguay. In contrast, the institutional model was significant (P <.01). The institutional variables related to farmers’ organizational involvement, motivation towards profit and age of farmer were significant (P <.05). Based on the analysis of structural and institutional changes, the results confirmed the dominance of evolutionary economics in the study of the economic dynamic. The present study provided an opportunity to apply the principles of evolutionary economics to understand the sheep production in Rio Grande do Sul and Uruguay, which can be used to explore several other topics in the context of agricultural economics.
Quinzani, Cecilia Morais. "Otimização multiobjetivo de portfolios utilizando algoritmos evolutivos." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259756.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
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Resumo: O desenvolvimento das áreas tradicionais da engenharia tem sido caracterizado pelo crescente emprego de modelos de otimização como paradigmas para problemas de tomada de decisão. Quando estes modelos possuem mais de um objetivo são chamados de Problemas de Otimização Multiobjetivo (POM) e uma alternativa apropriada na resolução deste tipo de problema é a utilização de Algoritmos Evolutivos. Os Algoritmos Evolutivos (AE) simulam o processo de evolução natural. Simplificadamente, o conjunto de soluções candidatas (população) sobre o qual operam as metodologias é modificado utilizando dois princípios básicos de evolução: seleção e variação. O objetivo principal desta dissertação consiste na análise da aplicação de Algoritmos Evolutivos na otimização multiobjetivo de portfólios onde o importante é obter uma correlação ótima entre retorno e risco. Diversos algoritmos evolutivos foram analisados na dissertação, sendo também analisadas versões híbridas dos mesmos. A principal contribuição da dissertação é a proposta de um procedimento de refinamento das soluções que se baseia no comportamento da série histórica para gerar uma população inicial mais adequada. Uma comparação do desempenho dos diferentes algoritmos híbridos com e sem este refinamento da solução foi realizada e o algoritmo com melhor desempenho foi identificado
Abstract: The development of traditional areas of engineering has been characterized by the increasing use of optimization models as paradigms for decision making problems. when these models have more than one objective, they are called multi-objective optimiation problems (POMs), and are a suitable alternative in solving this kind of problem is the usage of Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs). The EAs simulate the process of natural evolution. Briefly, the set of candidate solutions (population) in which the methodologies operate is modified using two basic principles of evolution: selection and variation. The main objective of this dissertation is to review the application of Evolutionary Algorithms in Multiobjective optimization of portfolios in which it is important to obtain an optimal correlation between return and risk . Several evolutionary algorithms have been analyzed in the dissertation, and also analyzed hybrid versions of the same. The main contribution of the dissertation is to propose a procedure for the refinement of solutions based on the behavior of the series to generate a better initial population. A comparison of the performance of different algorithms hybrids with and without this refinement of the solution was performed and the algorithm with best performance was identified
Mestrado
Automação
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
Noeske, Niko [Verfasser]. "Exploring individual preferences in economic contexts: three essays in evolutionary game theory / Niko Noeske. Fakultät für Wirtschaftswissenschaften - Institut für mathematische Wirtschaftsforschung." Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, Hochschulschriften, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1017712360/34.
Повний текст джерелаViegas, Eduardo. "A complexity evolutionary theory for the emergence of financial and economic crises : synchronising Gould and Minsky through von Neumann and Mandelbrot." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/44548.
Повний текст джерелаChen, Yijia [Verfasser], Robert [Akademischer Betreuer] Hassink, and Chun [Gutachter] Yang. "The emergence of the fintech industry in China : An evolutionary economic geography perspective / Yijia Chen ; Gutachter: Chun Yang ; Betreuer: Robert Hassink." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1236897331/34.
Повний текст джерелаSjöquist, Rafiqui Pernilla. "Evolving economic landscapes : institutions and localized economies in time and space." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Samhällsekonomi (S), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-958.
Повний текст джерела