Книги з теми "Evolution Grammaticale"

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1

O’Neill, Michael, and Conor Ryan. Grammatical Evolution. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0447-4.

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2

Ryan, Conor, Michael O'Neill, and JJ Collins, eds. Handbook of Grammatical Evolution. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78717-6.

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3

Dempsey, Ian, Michael O’Neill, and Anthony Brabazon. Foundations in Grammatical Evolution for Dynamic Environments. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00314-1.

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4

O'Neill, Michael. Grammatical evolution: Evolutionary automatic programming in an arbitrary language. Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004.

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5

O'Neill, Michael. Grammatical evolution: Evolutionary automatic programming in an arbitrary language. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.

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6

O'Neill, Michael. Grammatical Evolution: Evolutionary Automatic Programming in an Arbitrary Language. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003.

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7

Brancato, Francesco. Creazione ed evoluzione: La grammatica di un dialogo possibile. Troino (Enna): Città aperta, 2009.

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8

O'Neill, Michael, Conor Ryan, and JJ Collins. Handbook of Grammatical Evolution. Springer, 2018.

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9

Handbook of Grammatical Evolution. Springer, 2019.

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10

O'Neill, Michael, Ian Dempsey, and Anthony Brabazon. Foundations in Grammatical Evolution for Dynamic Environments. Springer, 2010.

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11

Foundations In Grammatical Evolution For Dynamic Environments. Springer, 2009.

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12

O'Neill, Michael, Ian Dempsey, and Anthony Brabazon. Foundations in Grammatical Evolution for Dynamic Environments. Springer London, Limited, 2009.

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13

O'Neill, Michael, and Conor Ryan. Grammatical Evolution: Evolutionary Automatic Programming in an Arbitrary Language (Genetic Programming). Springer, 2003.

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14

Butz, Martin V., and Esther F. Kutter. Language, Concepts, and Abstract Thought. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198739692.003.0013.

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Анотація:
Language is probably the most complex form of universal communication. A finite set of words enables us to express a mere infinite number of thoughts and ideas, which we set together by obeying grammatical rules and compositional, semantic knowledge. This chapter addresses how human language abilities have evolved and how they develop. A short introduction to linguistics covers the most important conceptualized aspects, including language production, phonology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. The brain considers these linguistic aspects seemingly in parallel when producing and comprehending sentences. The brain develops some dedicated language modules, which strongly interact with other modules. Evolution appears to have recruited prelinguistic developmental neural structures and modified them into maximally language-suitable structures. Moreover, evolution has most likely evolved language to further facilitate social cooperation and coordination, including the further development of theories of the minds of others. Language develops in a human child building on prelinguistic concepts, which are based on motor control-oriented structures detailed in the previous chapter. A final look at actual linguistic communication emphasizes that an imaginary common ground and individual private grounds unfold between speaker and listener, characterizing what is actually commonly and privately communicated and understood.
15

Chappell, Hilary, and Alain Peyraube. Modality and Mood in Sinitic. Edited by Jan Nuyts and Johan Van Der Auwera. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199591435.013.14.

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After defining auxiliary verbs as a grammatical category in Sinitic languages, this chapter sets out to analyze the notion of modality as expressed primarily by the Chinese modal verbs. Beginning with a brief sketch of their diachronic evolution, we proceed to treat this category in each of three major Sinitic languages, namely, Standard Mandarin, Hong Kong Cantonese, and Taiwanese Southern Min (Hokkien). It is shown that the main modal verbs possess different sets of polysemy in each of the three languages. Potential verb compounds are also considered, as well as clause-final modal particles coding speaker stance, both being characteristic of East and Southeast Asian languages in general. Although Sinitic languages do not mark mood inflectionally, an important discussion regarding this category is dedicated to sentence types and the role of negation, intimately connected with the expression of the irrealis, the interrogative and the imperative in Sinitic languages.
16

Vajda, Edward J. Patterns of Innovation and Retention in Templatic Polysynthesis. Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.21.

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Анотація:
Polysynthetic verb morphology can be extraordinarily complex, with interacting subsystems arranged in phonological and morphological layers, some of which are more readily transparent on the synchronic level. Historical-linguistic comparisons demonstrate that this type of structure can be surprisingly persistent across time, with slow phonological attrition being one of the primary causal agents. Metathesis and reanalysis of morphemes and morpheme positions was also noted as an important agent of change. This chapter examines what is known about the historical layering of two distinct, but possibly genealogically related prefixing verb morphologies: Yeniseian and Athabaskan, both of which have developed different strategies of expressing agreement with subjects and objects, layering these grammatical markers between lexical morphemes and markers of tense–mood–aspect. Phonological fusing of certain sets of adjacent markers renders the pre-root portions of both morphological templates particularly challenging for assigning morpheme glosses. Historical reasons for this evolution are identified and assessed.
17

Wolfe, Sam. Syntactic Change in French. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864318.001.0001.

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Анотація:
This volume provides the most comprehensive and detailed formal account to date of the evolution of French syntax. Making use of the latest formal syntactic tools, it combines careful textual analysis with a detailed synthesis of the vast research literature on French to provide an original and wide-ranging analysis of the major syntactic developments to have taken place in the history of French. The empirical scope of the book is exceptionally broad, discussing syntactic variation and change in Latin, Old, Middle, Renaissance, and Classical French, as well as standard and non-standard varieties of Modern French. Following detailed introductory chapters, a wide range of phenomena are discussed including the left periphery, subject positions and null subjects, verb movement, object placement, negation, and the makeup of the nominal expression. The book concludes with a comparative analysis of how French has come to develop the unique typological profile it has within Romance today. The volume will thus be an indispensable tool for researchers and students in French and comparative Romance linguistics as well as readers interested in grammatical theory and historical linguistics.
18

Grammatical Case In The Languages Of The Middle East And Europe Acts Of The International Colloquium Variations Concurrence Et Evolution Des Cas Dans Divers Domaines Linguistiques Paris 24 April 2007. Oriental Institute of the University of Chica, 2011.

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19

Rueschemeyer, Shirley-Ann, and M. Gareth Gaskell, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Psycholinguistics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198786825.001.0001.

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Анотація:
This handbook reviews the current state of the art in the field of psycholinguistics. Part I deals with language comprehension at the sublexical, lexical, and sentence and discourse levels. It explores concepts of speech representation and the search for universal speech segmentation mechanisms against a background of linguistic diversity and compares first language with second language segmentation. It also discusses visual word recognition, lexico-semantics, the different forms of lexical ambiguity, sentence comprehension, text comprehension, and language in deaf populations. Part II focuses on language production, with chapters covering topics such as word production and related processes based on evidence from aphasia, the major debates surrounding grammatical encoding. Part III considers various aspects of interaction and communication, including the role of gesture in language processing, approaches to the study of perspective-taking, and the interrelationships between language comprehension, emotion, and sociality. Part IV is concerned with language development and evolution, focusing on topics ranging from the development of prosodic phonology, the neurobiology of artificial grammar learning, and developmental dyslexia. The book concludes with Part V, which looks at methodological advances in psycholinguistic research, such as the use of intracranial electrophysiology in the area of language processing.

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