Дисертації з теми "Évolution de la sismicité"
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Almakari, Michelle. "Réactivation Hydro-Mécanique d’une Faille Rate & State ˸ Glissement, Sismicité et Évolution de Perméabilité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM065.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD thesis is dedicated to the study of injection induced fault reactivation using a coupled hydro-mechanical rate and state modelof a fault. Even though the principal mechanisms behind induced fault reactivation are well known, different aspects are not yet fully explored, nor understood. In the first part of this thesis, we explore successively the role of the injection protocol (in particular, injection maximum pressure and injection pressure rate), and the fault frictional parameters on the rate of induced events and their magnitude content, for different heterogeneous 2-D fault configurations. We first point out a temporal correlation between the seismicity rate and the pore pressure rate governing the fault. We then show a dependence of the rate and magnitude content of the seismic events on the injection parameters, as well as the existence of an important trade-off between them, which could not be addressed using the Dietrich(1994)’s seismicity rate model. Concerning the frictional parameters, we show that for the faults tested in this study, the ones having a more stable frictional behavior exhibit a lower induced seismicity rate and seismic moment released. In the last part of this study, the variation of the hydraulic diffusivity during fluid injection with shear slip and effective stress reduction is addressed. For this, we use laboratory injection experiments on an Andesite rock sample, during which the pore pressure was measured at two locations along the fault plane. In an inversion framework, we estimate the best model and the associated uncertainties of an effective diffusivity history that could explain the experimental data. Using this information, we could extend our hydro-mechanical model, which would allow the computation of pore pressure, diffusivity and slip changes along the experimental fault
Minetto, Riccardo. "Essaims sismiques : comparaison des séismes naturels et induits." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023GRALU009.
Повний текст джерелаA seismic sequence is a cluster of earthquakes that occur in close spatial and temporal proximity. One type of seismic sequence is a seismic swarm, which is typically characterized by earthquakes whose location changes over time and by the absence of a single, dominant, large earthquake.In this thesis, I investigate the spatio-temporal evolution of natural and induced seismic swarms with the aim of identifying the physical processes that drive them and characterizing the properties of the activated fault systems. More specifically, I focus on three key aspects of the seismic activity: temporal evolution of the seismicity rate, earthquake location and frequency-magnitude distribution. The study focuses on two seismic swarms. The first one, of natural origin, occurred in the Maurienne valley (French Alps) between 2017 and 2019, while the second one was induced by hydraulic fracturing operations at Preston New Road, UK, in 2019. To ensure a high-resolution analysis of these sequences, I first created improved catalogs, which incorporate newly detected events and more accurate magnitudes and hypocenter locations.The migration of earthquakes during the Maurienne swarm suggests that this sequence may have been triggered by a combination of multiple pulses of high-pressure fluids and earthquake-to-earthquake interactions. Additionally, the proportion of small and large events (i.e., the b-value of the Gutenberg-Richter law) varies in space, and this change may be linked to the size of the active fault systems.In addition to the study of the seismic activity, I applied ambient noise interferometry to assess if stress changes during the Maurienne swarm produced detectable variations in seismic wave velocity. The velocity changes appear to be primarily influenced by a seasonal process possibly related to pore pressure variations due to rainfall. However, during the main period of seismic activity, such changes may also be accentuated by the continuous ground shaking resulting from the prolonged occurrence of earthquakes.The Preston New Road sequence is characterized by a seismicity rate and a frequency-magnitude distribution that gradually evolve as fluids are repeatedly injected and the seismogenic volume expands in size. This suggests that the seismic activity during an injection stage depends on the injection history of past stages.The Maurienne and Preston New Road sequences are just two examples of the broader phenomenon of seismic and induced swarms. Nonetheless, these two sequences illustrate that induced and natural swarms can exhibit similar patterns in their spatio-temporal evolution, such as earthquake migration and the dependence of the b-value on the scale of the fault system. This emphasizes the potential of applying the knowledge gained from studying one type of swarm to improve our understanding of the other
Guyoton, Fabrice. "Sismicité et structure lithosphérique des Alpes occidentales." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00544553.
Повний текст джерелаHelmstetter, Agnes. "Ruptures et instabilités : sismicité et mouvements gravitaires." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE10101.
Повний текст джерелаArroucau, Pierre. "Sismicité du Massif Armoricain : relocalisations et interprétation tectonique." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00117056.
Повний текст джерелаBarés, Jonathan. "Fracture des matériaux hétérogènes fragiles, Intermittence, Crackling et Sismicité." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00875585.
Повний текст джерелаMercerat, Enrique Diego. "Sismicité induite et modélisation numérique de l'endommagement dans un contexte salin." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL053N/document.
Повний текст джерелаWithin the framework of a research program carried out by the GISOS (Scientific Grouping of Research Interest on the Impact and Safety of Underground Works), the pilot site of Cerville-Buissoncourt (Lorraine, France) was the subject of a large geophysical and geotechnical instrumentation to ensure the monitoring of a salt cavity at 200 m depth, from its stationary state to the final overburden collapse. The main objectives of this work consisted on : 1) the validation of the microseismic monitoring technique in a salt mine environment, and 2) the numerical modelling of the mechanical behavior of the overburden, particularly the initiation and the propagation of microcracks. The analysis of the recorded induced seismicity allowed to characterize the initial state of the cavity in terms of microseismic activity. Two types of events were identified : isolated events corresponding to localized ruptures, and swarms of events, of tens of seconds of duration. According to hypocenter location results, the totality of the recorded seismicity is generated either in the cavity surroundings within the salt layer, or in the marly facies of the current cavity roof. Swarms would be related to delamination of clayley marls in the immediate roof, followed by rock debris falling in the brine filled cavity. The numerical modelling was focused on the possibility of accounting for the damage in the fragile layers of the overburden. We implemented a hybrid geomechanical model of the pilot site which integrates the various geological formations present in the overburden, as well as the initiation, the propagation and the coalescence of microcracks in the stiff layer, using FLAC and PFC2D softwares. The calibration of the discrete PFC2D model to reproduce the tensile behaviour of the stiff layer was numerically checked on the site scale. The validation was based on the comparison, in terms of the elastic response and the damage onset in the stiff layer, between the hybrid approach FLAC-PFC2D and the purely continuous modelling using FLAC. The hybrid model thus defined would be used for back-analysis studies once in-situ measurements, in particular microseismic recordings and deformation data, will be available at Cerville-Buissoncourt
Hoste, Colomer Roser. "Variations latérales de sismicité le long du méga-chevauchement himalayen au Népal." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEE031/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe seismicity located along the Himalayan mega-thrust, within the trace of the great M8+ 1505AD earthquake, displays striking spatial variations which remained poorly resolved. In order to better constrain and understand these variations, we deployed a 15-stations temporary seismological network for 2 years (2014-2016) as a complement to the national network. We first processed the data with an automatic detection with Seiscomp3, then a manual picking of earthquakes recorded by the network, followed by a Hypo71 absolute localization and HypoDD relative relocation of clustered events. The resulting catalogue contains 2154 local events, shallow to midcrustal (8 - 16 km). The seismicity presented temporal variations suggesting fluid migrations. The confrontation between the seismicity and the geologic balanced cross-sections shows that most eartbquakes happen within the hangingwall of the Main Himalayan Thrust fault nearby ramps or suspected contacts between lesser Himalayan slivers. The lateral variations of some of the structures associated to this seismicity are likely to partially control the extent of the coseismic ruptures during intermediate earthquakes that break partly the locked fault zone, in a similar way as what was reported after the Mw7.8 2015 Gorkha-Nepal earthquake. Better characterizing the segmentation of such faults is an important input for seismic hazard studies
Ahmed, Abdulhakim. "Structure lithosphérique des marges continentales du Yémen et sismicité récente : implications géodynamiques." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066046.
Повний текст джерелаIn the framework of YOCMAL ANR project, we map crustal thickness, structure and bulk seismic velocity variations across the western Gulf of Aden, southern Red Sea and Socotra (southeastern margin of the Gulf of Aden). We analyse P-wave receiver functions in order to address the role of magmatism, faulting and crustal thinning in both volcanic and nonvolcanic margins setting. We analyse teleseismic data from 46 stations of the temporary networks with permanent (GFZ-Yemen) in Yemen mainland and Socotra Island. We show that: (1) for western Yemen the thickness of unextended crust on the Yemen plateau is ~35 km and thins to ~22 km in coastal areas reaching less than 14 km on the Red Sea coast, with the evidence of the presence of a high velocity lower crust (HVLC). The average Vp/Vs ratio for the western Yemen Plateau is 1. 79, increasing to ~1. 92 near the Red Sea coast and decreasing to 1. 68 for stations located on or near the granitic rocks; and (2) for Socotra Island the thickness of unextended crust for the central Socotra is ~28 km thins to ~21 km to the west with a trend of crustal thinning to ~16 km on the west-northernmost coast of the Island. Low Vp/Vs ratio of 1. 65-1. 71 is observed for the stations located on or near granitic bodies, intermediate values of 1. 75-1. 84 are observed for the sedimentary basins and higher value more than 1. 89 is observed below the northern coast. In the spreading axis of the western Gulf of Aden, a significant seismo-volcanic event occurred. We used regional seismic networks in Djibouti and Yemen to locate 1134 moderate size earthquakes occurred from Nov. 2010 to Mar. 2011, along N115°E segment of the axial valley centered at 44. 024°E and 12. 021°N. The cumulative seismic moment associated with this sequence 6. 8x1017N. M, and taking into account a very low seismic versus geodetic moment, we estimate anhorizontal opening of ~0. 4 to 2. 2m. We interpreted this event to be mainly caused by magmatic activity focused along a single spreading segment of the Aden ridge, followed by strike-slip focal mechanisms at the locus of the change of trend and limit of the oceanic lithosphere
Njike, Kassala Jacques Duclos. "Contribution à l'étude géophysique de la Chaîne pyrénéenne : sismicité et structure lithosphérique." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30187.
Повний текст джерелаSinkunas, Bryan. "Sismicité postglaciaire et mouvements de masse subaquatiques au lac Témiscouata, Est du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28420/28420.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLenouvel, Sandrine. "Culture et didactologie des Langues-Cultures : évolution d'un concept : évolution d'une discipline." Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUEL468.
Повний текст джерелаThe object of this study is to show that the evolution of the Didactics of Cultures-Languages is tightly linked to that of the concept of culture. Only e few decades were indeed necessary for the discipline to include a cross-cultural dimension. Thus, the present analysis is an illustration that the discipline evolves in accordance with the latest transformations of the concept of culture itself. These ideological changes have deeply altered the language, the culture, the methodology, the epistemology and affected the teachers and the learners. A mere historical description of the phenomenon is not what the present study will limit itself to ; the purpose is to question the future to propose, in the wake of today's news trends in the culture, ways and means which tend to reject the ideology of progress in favor of a humanist approach, not deprived of a good sense of reality, in order to serve first and foremost those who are the primary subjects of the discipline's teaching
Kumar, Ashutosh. "Photo et thermovieillissement d'élastomères : dualité "évolution chimique" / "évolution de la structure moléculaire"." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF22452.
Повний текст джерелаLarroque, C. "Aléa sismique dans une région intraplaque à sismicité modérée : la jonction Alpes - Bassin Ligure." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00453377.
Повний текст джерелаChanard, Kristel. "Déformation saisonnière de la Terre sous l’effet des variations hydrologiques : impact sur la sismicité." Thesis, Paris, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSU0031/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we aim at modeling accurately seasonal deformation of the Earth induced by redistribution of hydrosphere masses. We take advantage of seasonal ground displacements measured by continuous stations of the Global Positioning System (cGPS) and the estimate of the spatio-temporal evolution of surface hydrology derived from the Gravity and Recovery Climate Experiment (GRACE) measurements. Precise geophysical models of the seasonal deformation, discussed in Chapter 1, of the Earth have far-reaching implications in defining international terrestrial reference frame, detecting potential transient deformation with comparable period or even understanding the link between induced stress perturbations and seasonal seismicity. In Chapter 2, we show that seasonal ground displacements recorded by cGPS stations in the Himalaya are fairly well explained by the Earth’s response to seasonal hydrology derived from GRACE, which induces coherent surface displacements, in first orderapproximation, with horizontal and vertical observations simultaneously, provided that a realistic elastic, spherical and layered model for Earth is used. We extend the model to a global scale in Chapter 3, and compare displacements induced by the seasonal load at 195 cGPS stations globally distributed. We account for the degree-1 contribution in GRACE using results from Swenson et al. (2008). We find that, while the vertical displacements are well predicted by the model, the horizontal components are systematically underpredicted and out-of-phase with the observations. We show a significant improvement when we do not apply a priori degree-1 coefficients but estimate and apply a posteriori a Helmert transformto the horizontal components. The fit in phase and amplitude of the seasonal deformation model to the horizontal components is improved and does not affect the fit to the vertical measurements. We conclude that horizontal misfits result mostly from degree-one deformation plus reference frame differences between model and observations, and not from the limited spatial resolution of GRACE. However, the amplitude of global seasonal horizontal displacement remains slightlyunderpredicted. We show that mantle volume variations due to mineral phase transitions may play a role in the seasonal deformation and, as a by-product, use this seasonal deformation to provide a lower bound of the transient astenospheric viscosity. Finally, in order to test the impact of seasonal forcing on seismicity, we estimate the amplitude of periodic stress perturbations induced by seasonal loading. To further investigate the question, we performa set of triaxial deformation experiments on water-saturated Fontainebleau sandstones. Rock samples are loaded by the combined action of steps of constant stress, intended to simulate tectonic loading and small sinusoidal pore pressure variations, analogous to tides or seasonal loading. Our experimental results suggest that the correlation of small stress perturbations and acoustic emissions depends primarily on the state stress of the rock and that emissions occur more likely when cracks are unclamped. In other words, our observations suggest that tidal triggering might occur favorably during the long nucleation phase of earthquake
Dublanchet, Pierre. "Etude des régimes de sismicité dans un modèle quasi-dynamique d'aspérités rate-and-state." Institut de physique du globe (Paris), 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GLOB0703.
Повний текст джерелаDaniel, Guillaume. "Réponse sismique de la croûte terrestre à un changement de contrainte : application aux doublets de séismes." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00239445.
Повний текст джерелаGonzalez, Jean-Luc. "L'hôpital local en évolution." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11115.
Повний текст джерелаAbbad, Salah. "Etude des variations de l'activité volumique radon dans les sols en fonction des paramètres météorologiques et géologiques : applications à des fins de prévision sismique dans la région Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur (France) et le golfe de Corinthe (Grèce)." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA077346.
Повний текст джерелаDuhautois, Richard. "Évolution du système productif et évolution de l'emploi en France : une analyse empirique." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0131.
Повний текст джерелаThe Phd thesis aims at analysing the consequences of the evolution of French productive system on employment relations. Particularly, we insist on the role of firms' survival and death and on the increasing number of business groups. First, we show that deindustrialisation diminishes the firms' average size and thus modifies the creative-destruction process which can involve workers' movements. Second, the increasing number of business groups reinforces the employment relation between firms and employées within firms and business groups. Third, we also highlight the impact of deindustrialisation on skills structure and the use of different work contracts by firms (like short-term contracts and temporary contracts)
Bardainne, Thomas. "Étude de la sismicité de Lacq et analyse des formes d'ondes par décomposition en chirplets." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011997.
Повний текст джерелаun axe préférentiel SSW-NNE sur les failles principales d'orientation WNW-ESE. Les zones WNW et ESE du gisement sont quant à elles déformées de manière asismique, comme le montre les profils de nivellement. La confrontation de la sismicité avec l'historique et le modèle de réservoir a permis de mettre en avant (i) un essaim déclenché par une injection d'eau involontaire, (ii) une connexion importante entre le centre du réservoir et les réserves de gaz au nord-est et la déplétion associée, (ii) ainsi qu'une réinterprétation du modèle de réservoir dans certaines zones mal connues. La seconde voie d'étude a été portée sur l'analyse des formes d'ondes par décomposition atomique en chirplets, généralisation de la transformée en ondelettes et de la transformée de Gabor. Après une généralisation à 7D des paramètres de construction des chirplets pour une adaptation aux ondes sismologiques et l'utilisation d'algorithme de séparation d'ondes, il a été possible de décomposer les sismogrammes en un nombre limité d'atomes. Chacun des atomes est qualifié de 9-tuplet, caractérisé par des attributs morphologiques : (i) un temps d'arrivée, (ii) un fréquence centrale, (iii) une énergie, (iv) une phase, (v) une durée, (vi) un taux de modulation de fréquence, (vii) un type de modulation de fréquence, (viii) une asymétrie d'enveloppe et (ix) une plateau constant de l'enveloppe. Grâce à cette caractérisation poussée des ondes, il a été possible de pratiquer des classifications des sismogrammes. La classification et la représentation en dendrogramme ont montré une différenciation nette entre les séismes déclenchés par surpression de fluide des autres, révélant que la source des évènements déclenchés est plus courte et impulsive. En se basant uniquement sur les attributs morphologiques et en filtrant la composante de temps et fréquence des arrivées des ondes, nous avons montré qu'il était possible de comparer des séismes de localisations différentes.
Fourno, Jean-Pierre. "Inversion des données télésismiques et gravimétriques, sismicité et structure crustale des Hautes Terres de Madagascar." Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX30067.
Повний текст джерелаBardainne, Thomas. "Etude de la sismicité de Lacq et analyse des formes d'ondes par décomposition en chirplets." Pau, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011997.
Повний текст джерелаThe Lacq gas field seismicity (moderate seismicity) is induced by fluid extraction. After the cleaning and Automatic Picking of the seismologicaldatabase we localised more than 1600 events. The comparison of hypocenter locations and focal mechanisms with well and 3D-seismic data has shown that earthquakes were associated to relatively important faults well-oriented for stress perturbation accommodation. The distribution of events is oriented WNW-ESE, occuring on WNW-ESE faults. The WNW and ESE parts of the field are strained aseismicaly. By comparing the seismicity distribution to the field exploitation history and the field modelisation, two main results have been highlighted : a water over-pressure triggered swarm, and an important connexion between the central zone of the field and the gas reserves to the North of the field. The second aim of this study was the analyse of waveforms with atomic chirplet decomposition. We first genalised the chirplet construction to 7D (7 construction attributes). Then, we developed an algorithm of wave separation. Finally, we can decompose a seismogramm in a few number of atoms. Each of these atoms is a 9-tuplet, characterised by morphological attributes : time, frequency, an energy, phase, duration, frequency modulation, frequency modulation type, asymmetric shape and a flat shape. With this wave characterisation algorithm, we can classify events. The classification and the associated dendrogramm representation have allowed to differentiate events triggered by water injection from others, revealing a shorter and more impulsive source for triggered events
Lin, Jing-Yi. "Sismicité et volcanisme dans le sud-ouest du bassin arrière-arc d’Okinawa (Nord-Est Taiwan)." Brest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BRES2015.
Повний текст джерелаIn November 2003, 15 ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) were deployed during a period of 12 days in the southwestern Okinawa Trough. More than 3300 earthquakes were localized. The seismicity is essentially restricted to the central part of the southwestern Okinawa Trough and terminates abruptly against the N-E trending prolongation of the Lishan fault. Most of the microearthquakes are aligned along the E-W trending normal faults. The existence of a lower crustal / upper mantle magma chamber is suggested by the presence of low frequency earthquakes in the 3 - 10 Hz bandwidth. Based on numerous earthquakes recorded by land stations and the microseismicity acquired during this cruise, two tomographic inversions were performed (1) A low Vp, Vs but high Vp/Vs sausage-like body, about 30 km in diameter, on top of the western Ryukyu slab extremity, at depths ranging between 20 and 125 km. We suggest partial melting and/or a H20-rich component formed by dehydration processes above the Ryukyu slab and the slab edge might explain the presence of this anomalies. A low Vp, Vs but high Vp/Vs channel rises obliquely from the sausage-like body in direction of the andesitic Kueishantao Island showing the veins and/or narrow conduits that magmas propagate through. (2) A mantle inflow characterized by low Vp, Vs and high Vp/Vs passing through the slab tear was imaged. This melt and/or fluid component is rising obliquely from the slab tear in direction of the CBVT, of the northern slope of the southern Okinawa Trough and north of Iriomote Island. In addition, the asthenospheric intake is also imaged by an inclined chip-like high Vp/Vs and low Vp, Vs body dipping northerly
Kariche, Jugurtha. "Rôle des transferts multiples de contraintes, déficit de sismicité et caractéistiques physiques des ruptures sismiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAH015/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis consists in six chapters that describe the characteristics of active tectonics and stress transfer related to major earthquakes. The aim of this thesis is a better estimate of the seismic hazard and risk in northern Algeria and Morocco. After an introduction, Chapter II presents the methodology adopted for the development of stress transfer models. Chapter III deals with the interaction between faults in the Algerian Tell Atlas. Chapter IV develops the aspects of stress transfer and poroelastic deformation in the Rif and the Alboran Sea. Chapter V presents a large development of the poroelastic deformation and the physical characteristics of seismic ruptures. Chapter VI consists of a general conclusion with presentation of the main results including the perspectives and futur researchs
Giusti, Marion. "Apport des données hydroacoustiques pour l'étude de la sismicité de la dorsale médio-Atlantique nord." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0023/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe mid-ocean ridge is caracterised by a seismicity of low magnitude generated by multiple volcanic and tectonic episodes. Autonomous hydrophones arrays along large ridge sections are efficient to record low seismicity contrary to landbased stations. In the northern Atlantic Ocean, several hydroacoustic experiments have been realised since 1999 that supply long term records.This thesis is based on the acquisition and the treatment of new data. The analysis of teleseismic and hydroacoustic catalogues combined with bathymetric and gravimetric data, have contributed to the characterisation of accretionary processes along the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge. This PhD work allowed : (1) to research parameters responsable of a seismicity difference between groups of Mid-Atlantic Ridge segments; (2) to propose a new southern limit of the Azores hotspot influence ; (3) to identify and define different types of seafloor spreading processes based on seismic crisis interpretations ; (4) to highlight a large magmatic crisis and a magmatic intrusion across a non-transform discontinuity ; and (5) to propose dominant seafloor spreading processes from a spatio-temporal seismicity analysis along the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The entire study shows the value of large spatial and temporal seismicity catalogues to broaden our knowledge on : the dynamic of the ridge segments, the interactions between the ridge axis and the hotspot and the recurrence of the seafloor spreading processes
Duboeuf, Laure. "Injections de fluide dans une zone de faille (LSBB, Rustrel) : sismicité induite et déformation asismique." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4002/document.
Повний текст джерелаBetter understanding how fluids pressure produce seismic or aseismic motion along faults is an important goal for seismic hazard assessment and for geological reservoir monitoring. Seismicity rate increase in fluid injection areas where some events may reach magnitude greater than 5. How fluids may induce and control seismicity? High-pressure fluid injections were performed in limestones, in the damaged zone of an inactive fault at 280m depth. These in-situ experiments allow to study the seismological and hydromechanical responses (recorded by 31 sensors) of different fracture types to a fluid perturbation. Only a few tests have generated seismicity even if ruptures are observed with a displacement sensor at the injection point. 215 earthquakes were detected and are characterized by high frequency content (0.6 to 3 KHz) and weak magnitude (-4.1 to -3.1). The relative and absolute locations (1.5m accuracy) indicate a lack of events in the vicinity of injection borehole. Comparing cumulated seismic moment with an equivalent deformation moment, more than 96% of the deformation is aseismic. Two distinct seismic behavior show that at least one part of the seismicity might be controlled by a stress transfer in the medium. Moreover, the joined interpretation geological, mechanical, hydrogeological and seismic data allow to build bloc motions at the injection point. Finally, our experiments showed that fluid injection mainly drives aseismic motion and the seismicity might be only an indirect effect related to stress transferred from the volume deformed by fluid pressurization
Favier-Platier, Blandine. "Fonction publique communautaire : typologie et évolution : une fonction publique spécifique vers une évolution inéluctable." Paris 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA020054.
Повний текст джерелаPublic office within the e. E. C. Provides an unsuspected field of study. At the crossroad of national public office and international public office, beetween open and closed structures, it appears to be original and some have not hesitated to term it as "sui generis". From a strictly typological presentation of the public office within the e. E. C. To a more sociological approach, supported by rescarch in administrative science, the matter here has been to analyse and then to understand the functionning of "eurocracy". The studies of the modes of recruitment, classification, obligations and the rights of civil servants, the specificity of their litigations. . . Has allowed us to proceed on to the study of the decisionnal process within the eec, not through institutions but through its people. This systemical approach then leaves place to a more evolutive study : which are the reasons for the crisis that the eec public office is presently undergoing ? through the answers provided, all the present difficulties in europe are brought in light. Which are the possible solutions to the present incertitudes of the eec public office notably linked with the political economical and social evolutions in europe ? we attempt by the present study of administrative science to bring analytical elements of answer to these questions, thus allowing to emerge on the future of the eec
Aleksandrov, Alexey. "Protéines : Structure fonction et évolution." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004205.
Повний текст джерелаMaginot, Hélène. "Médecins blogueurs: une évolution nécessaire?" Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00787610.
Повний текст джерелаAmarir-Bouhram, Jihane. "Évolution des génomes de bactériophages." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923139.
Повний текст джерелаBraidy, Raymonde. "Julian Huxley : évolution et humanisme." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100188.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses its development on Julian Huxley (1887-1975) primarily because the thoughts and actions of this polymath biologist were to some extent determined by the moral, cultural, and social climate of an eventful period of history. In the early century, the need to develop a new humanism was felt. Huxley took an active part in this project, insisting that its foundation should be a scientific interpretation of facts. He realizes that a selective theory of biological evolution, extended to the psychosocial evolution of man, might reveal a certain logic which would include humanism. Huxley consistently strives to reconcile the specific epistemological status of the synthetic theory of evolution with that of the great theories of physics. However he is more convincing when instead of struggling with the precise way in which evolution has worked, he expresses a general view of the beginnings and progress of the living world. He thus advantageously enlarges the history of organic systems into a history of ideas, in which his humanism appears to be both a product and an agent of evolution. This new humanism refers to the ascending continuity of biological evolution, and is capable of preserving its positive criteria. To Huxley’s mind, efficient innovation springs from truth derived from personal experience and intuition, which implies liberation of mind and action, as opposed to confinement within fixit traditions. Huxley's humanism therefore includes a scheme for society, and even for civilization, in which man may find his true destiny. Neither an occultist nor a prophet, Huxley was simply an expert at making the synthesis of a vast amount of rational and intuitive knowledge he was thus able to anticipate some situations of the present time. In order to maintain world equilibrium and peace, he proposed a variety of policies based on control of demographic growth, of natural resources, and of education
Doulcier, Guilhem. "Évolution des Propriétés Darwiniennes Collectives." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLET047.
Повний текст джерелаLife has a nested structure where lower level entities are embedded in higher level collectives (genes in chromosomes, organelles in cells, cells in organisms, organisms in eusocial groups). All levels are subject to evolution by natural selection. This arises from the fact that at each level the focal entities are Darwinian, that is, they are discrete and vary one to another, they replicate and give rise to offspring that resemble parental types. The emergence of a new level of organisation is a relatively rare event in the history of life, and requires the de novo evolution of level-specific properties that allow the new level of organisation to participate directly in the process of evolution by natural selection. In this manuscript I explore, using mathematical models, the idea that Darwinian properties can be exogenously imposed (scaffolded) by the environment. I show how natural selection can build upon those scaffolded properties to promote the emergence of endogenous traits underpinning collective-level reproduction and heredity
Ernande, Bruno. "Développement, plasticité phénotypique et évolution." La Rochelle, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LAROS066.
Повний текст джерелаDjemali, Karima. "L'insolvabilité internationale : évolution et prospective." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOD005.
Повний текст джерелаThe treatment of cross-border insolvency has much improved since the adoption of the European Union Insolvency Regulation in 2000, of the OHADA Treaty in 1997 and the Model law on Cross-Border Insolvency in 1997. However, this international approach is, in one hand, limited by the scope of these conventions and in the other hand, concerns few numbers of countries. In fact, these instruments failed to create an international insolvency law. Territoriality and universality theories are not efficient and the harmonization of cross-border insolvency is not feasible. Then, in international cases involving groups of companies, judges have decided to cooperate by way of agreements in order to find an acceptable international solution for all parties and respecting states’ sovereignty. These agreements have come to be known as protocols and have enabled judges, lawyers, administrators, to produce a legal framework that is intended to facilitate the harmonization and the coordination of international proceedings despite the absence of treaties. These cross-border insolvency protocols represent a new approach of cross-border cooperation and an opportunity to promulgate universals and pragmatics solutions for future international insolvencies proceedings
Ancori, Bernard. "Echange monétaire et évolution économique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR10020.
Повний текст джерелаMcFadyen, Benoît. "Détermination de facteurs contrôlant la stabilité des chantiers souterrains pour une mine sujette à la sismicité." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66311.
Повний текст джерелаBernasconi, Pascal. "La sismicité induite des tirs de mines : clef pour la qualité globale de l'ingénierie du minage." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GLOB0006.
Повний текст джерелаHaugmard, Méric. "Détermination non-linéaire des paramètres hypocentraux et structuraux : application à la sismicité intracontinentale du Massif armoricaine." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT4026/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe most widely used inversion schemes to determine local or regional earthquake sources (epicenter, depth and origin time), are based on iterative linearized leastsquares algorithms and strongly depend on an a priori knowledge. We introduce a joint structure-source determination approach for one or several events. This procedure manages to get away from dependence on an initial solution and minimizes the influence of poorly known seismic velocity structure used for calculating the propagation time. The exploration relies on parallel Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques, which sample models within a broad range of parameters, distributed according to the posterior distributions. The arrival time uncertainties of direct and refracted waves on the Mohorovičić discontinuity, defined by hand-picking, are fully exploited by Bayesian inference and lead the nonlinear determination. The analysis of covariances between parameters and the projections of the structure parameter variations on the source parameter space provide information about the influence of the seismic network geometry (sparse and/or azimuthally inhomogeneous), or an inappropriate velocity structure. This procedure is applied to the moderate and diffuse local seismicity of the Armorican Massif (western France), an extensive outcrop of the Variscan basement, which crustal structure is apprehended with large uncertainties. The accurate location of 350 earthquakes, with a set of more than 7,000 onset time of seismic-waves recorded by permanent and temporary networks between 2011 and 2013, sheds new light on the seismicity and the structure of the Armorican Massif
Ngo, Dac Thuong. "Modélisation numérique de la stimulation hydraulique et de la sismicité induite dans des réservoirs géothermiques profonds." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM012/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe development and the exploitation of deep geothermal reservoirs are usually accompanied with induced seismicity - an unwanted side effect. This research is focused on using numerical simulations to investigate the propagation of hydraulic fractures and the reactivation of pre-existing faults during the hydraulic stimulation of the reservoirs in an effort to better understand the fractured reservoir behavior and to reduce the potential risk of induced seismicity.The induced seismicity is studied first from the standpoint of using the law of energy conservation in order to explain the mechanism of generating elastic waves from rock failure. Then an approximate approach is proposed to calculate the peak ground accelerations (PGAs) that are induced by the fault slip. The computed PGAs on ground surface are used to assess the human perception of the seismic waves and the damage potential to structures
Chiche, Joëlle. "Etude comparative de quatre espèces du genre Ribes selon une approche pluridisciplinaire." Saint-Etienne, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STET4004.
Повний текст джерелаThe genus Ribes remains slightly known and exploited despite a great potential. This study is a contribution to a better understanding of evolution of the genus and differenciation of species. Our study was carried out mainly on wild populations originated from the East of the Massif Central (France) and belonging to 4 species : R. Alpinum L, R. Uva-crispa L. , R. Rubrum L. Et R. Petraeum Wulf. . . [etc. ]
Volant, Philippe. "Mécanisme des déformations et aspect fractal de la sismicité induite par l'exploitation d'un gisement d'hydrocarbures (Lacq, France)." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00745639.
Повний текст джерелаBossu, Rémy. "Etude de la sismicité intraplaque de la région de Gazli (Ouzbékistan) et localisation de la déformation sismique." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00703237.
Повний текст джерелаAmitrano, David. "Complexité et Dynamique de l'endommagement et de la rupture,Mécanique, sismicité et invariance d'échelle des objets géologiques." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00173641.
Повний текст джерелаBaroux, Emmanuel. "Tectonique active en région à sismicité modérée : le cas de la Provence (France) : apport d'une approche pluridisciplinaire." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112076.
Повний текст джерелаCharléty, Jean. "Propriétés physiques du réservoir de Soultz-sous-Forêts à partir de l'analyse fine de la sismicité induite." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR13251.
Повний текст джерелаLefloch, Bertrand. "Formation et évolution des globules cométaires." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00686752.
Повний текст джерелаMarboeuf, Ulysse. "Évolution physico-chimique des objets transneptuniens." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00367102.
Повний текст джерелаNous analysons dans une première étape les conditions de formation et la structure des glaces incorporées dans les planétésimaux.
Nous montrons que la composition chimique initiale de la phase gazeuse du disque protoplanétaire a une incidence non négligeable sur la composition des planétésimaux formés de diverses glaces cristallines, et sur l'évolution thermique de l'ensemble des objets formés (planètes extrasolaires de faible masse et glacées, planètes géantes, satellites, comètes, ...) dans la région externe des disques protoplanétaires. Ainsi, les planètes extrasolaires de faible masse formées à l'origine dans un environnement froid peuvent être du type planètes ``océan'' ou ``carbonées''.
Nous réalisons ensuite un modèle numérique de planétésimal, à la composition physico-chimique simplifiée, qui assure la conservation des quantités physiques (masse et énergie), et permet l'étude à long terme des planétésimaux dans la région transneptunienne. Ce modèle représente une matrice poreuse composée d'éléments réfractaires et d'un mélange de différentes glaces. L'ensemble des processus physiques tels que les changements de phase (sublimation/condensation, cristallisation) et la modélisation des transferts thermiques et de masse y sont pris en compte.
Le choix de la méthode d'intégration numérique et du cadre mathématique de résolution des équations de conservation (masse et énergie) est ensuite discuté. Le problème de la conservation des quantités physiques (masse et énergie) est abordé et l'erreur sur la conservation de la masse obtenue avec notre modèle est comparée à celle obtenue avec des modèles antérieurs. Nous montrons que l'erreur sur le bilan de masse obtenu par la méthode des volumes finis, utilisée dans ce modèle, permet de gagner au moins un ordre de grandeur sur celui des modèles antérieurs.
Les améliorations apportées au modèle de planétésimal permettent d'obtenir une représentation de sa différenciation physico-chimique plus fiable sur le long terme et permettent l'étude de l'influence de collisions successives.
Grâce à cela, nous pouvons analyser l'influence de la composition physico-chimique et celle de l'ensemble des paramètres physiques sur l'évolution thermique et physico-chimique de planétésimaux situés dans la région transneptunienne.
Enfin, nous déterminons les laps de temps nécessaires entre deux collisions pour engendrer une évolution physico-chimique des objets cibles, à partir d'une composition originelle imposée. Nos résultats infirment l'hypothèse selon laquelle les Objets Transneptuniens pourraient être significativement affectés par le processus collisionnel.
Daubin, Vincent. "Phylogénie et évolution des génomes procaryotes." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005208.
Повний текст джерелаJühling, Tina. "ARNt "manchots" : structure, fonctionnalité et évolution." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ119/document.
Повний текст джерелаTRNAs are adapter molecules linking the genetic information of messenger RNAs with the primary amino acid sequence of proteins. tRNAs have a typical cloverleaf-like secondary structure. Some mitochondrial tRNAs show a high derivation from this canonical tRNA structure. An extreme case of structural truncations can be observed in mitochondria of the nematode R. culicivorax. This study aims the functional characterization of such “bizarre” tRNAs in defining their structural properties and their functionality with interacting partner proteins such as CCA-adding enzymes and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. This work reveals that armless tRNAs form a hairpin-shaped secondary structure. 3D structures exhibit a high intrinsic flexibility. Initial tests could not demonstrate aminoacylation activity. However, armless tRNAs represent functional molecules for CCA-incorporation, indicating adaptations of CCA-adding enzymes to armless tRNAs