Статті в журналах: "Event-shape engineering"

1

Dobrin, A. "Event shape engineering with ALICE." Nuclear Physics A 904-905 (May 2013): 455c—458c. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2013.02.047.

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2

Christiansen, Peter. "Event-Shape Engineering and Jet Quenching." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 736 (August 2016): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/736/1/012023.

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3

Schukraft, Jürgen, Anthony Timmins, and Sergei A. Voloshin. "Ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions: Event shape engineering." Physics Letters B 719, no. 4-5 (February 2013): 394–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2013.01.045.

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4

Aoyama, Ryo. "Event Plane Dependence of Di-hadron Correlations with Event Shape Engineering at the STAR Experiment." Nuclear Physics A 982 (February 2019): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2018.11.013.

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5

Gehrmann, T., M. Jaquier, and G. Luisoni. "Hadronisation effects in event-shape moments." European Physical Journal C 67, no. 1-2 (March 27, 2010): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-010-1288-4.

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6

Wen, Fufang, Jacob Bryon, Liwen Wen, and Gang Wang. "Event-shape-engineering study of charge separation in heavy-ion collisions." Chinese Physics C 42, no. 1 (January 2018): 014001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/42/1/014001.

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7

Tangaro, Marco Antonio. "Identified charged hadron production in Pb-Pb collisions with event shape engineering." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 612 (May 19, 2015): 012053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/612/1/012053.

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8

Banerjee, Sunanda. "Event shape and determination of α s at LEP". European Physical Journal C 33, S1 (11 лютого 2004): s410—s412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjcd/s2004-03-1653-0.

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9

Bosetti, P. C., H. Grässler, D. Lanske, R. Schulte, K. Schultze, G. T. Jones, R. W. L. Jones, et al. "Analysis of transverse momentum and event shape invN scattering." Zeitschrift für Physik C Particles and Fields 46, no. 3 (September 1990): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01621025.

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10

Wang, Chun-Zheng, Wen-Ya Wu, Qi-Ye Shou, Guo-Liang Ma, Yu-Gang Ma, and Song Zhang. "Interpreting the charge-dependent flow and constraining the chiral magnetic wave with event shape engineering." Physics Letters B 820 (September 2021): 136580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2021.136580.

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11

Abreu et al., P. "Consistent measurements of $\alpha_s$ from precise oriented event shape distributions." European Physical Journal C 14, no. 4 (June 2000): 557–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100520000354.

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12

Roy Choudhury, I., J. W. Thybaut, P. Balasubramanian, J. F. M. Denayer, J. A. Martens, and G. B. Marin. "Synergy between shape selective and non-shape selective bifunctional zeolites modelled via the Single-Event MicroKinetic (SEMK) methodology." Chemical Engineering Science 65, no. 1 (January 2010): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2009.08.020.

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13

Tu, Zhoudunming. "New experimental constrains on chiral magnetic effect using charge-dependent azimuthal correlation in pPb and PbPb collisions at the LHC." EPJ Web of Conferences 172 (2018): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817201004.

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Studies of charge-dependent azimuthal correlations for the same- and oppositesign particle pairs are presented in PbPb collisions at 5 TeV and pPb collisions at 5 and 8.16 TeV, with the CMS experiment at the LHC. The azimuthal correlations are evaluated with respect to the second- and also higher-order event planes, as a function of particle pseudorapidity and transverse momentum, and event multiplicity. By employing an event-shape engineering technique, the dependence of correlations on azimuthal anisotropy flow is investigated. Results presented provide new insights to the origin of observed charge-dependent azimuthal correlations, and have important implications to the search for the chiral magnetic effect in heavy ion collisions.

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14

Pahl, C., S. Bethke, O. Biebel, S. Kluth, and J. Schieck. "Tests of analytical hadronisation models using event shape moments in e+e− annihilation." European Physical Journal C 64, no. 4 (October 20, 2009): 533–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-009-1167-z.

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15

Adloff et al., C. "Investigation of power corrections to event shape variables measured in deep-inelastic scattering." European Physical Journal C 14, no. 2 (May 2000): 255–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100520000344.

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16

Adloff et al., C. "Investigation of power corrections to event shape variables measured in deep-inelastic scattering." European Physical Journal C 14, no. 2 (2000): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100520050750.

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17

Aranda-Escolástico, E., L. J. Colombo, and M. Guinaldo. "Periodic event-triggered targeted shape control of Lagrangian systems with discrete-time delays." ISA Transactions 117 (November 2021): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2021.01.048.

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18

Akrawy, M. Z., G. Alexander, J. Allison, P. P. Allport, K. J. Anderson, J. C. Armitage, G. T. J. Arnison, et al. "A measurement of global event shape distributions in the hadronic decays of theZ 0." Zeitschrift f�r Physik C Particles and Fields 47, no. 4 (December 1990): 505–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01552315.

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19

Prete, Giuseppe. "The Covering Structure of the S. Nicola Stadium of Bari (Italy)." International Journal of Space Structures 9, no. 4 (December 1994): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026635119400900403.

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On the occasion of the “1990 Football World Cup” the new S. Nicola Stadium, one of most significant examples in sports constructions for such event carried out in Italy, was erected in Bari. The original shape and the spatial static behaviour that characterize this work, emphasize the close connection between Architecture and Engineering required by projects of this kind. In the paper the main aspects of the design and structural features are briefly described, analysing with careful attention the concept and accomplishment of the covering steel structure.

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20

Acharya, S., J. Adam, D. Adamová, J. Adolfsson, M. M. Aggarwal, G. Aglieri Rinella, M. Agnello, et al. "Constraining the magnitude of the Chiral Magnetic Effect with Event Shape Engineering in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV." Physics Letters B 777 (February 2018): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2017.12.021.

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21

Li, Shuai, Farshad Hedayati Dezfuli, Jingquan Wang, and M. Shahria Alam. "Performance-based seismic loss assessment of isolated simply-supported highway bridges retrofitted with different shape memory alloy cable restrainers in a life-cycle context." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 31, no. 8 (March 4, 2020): 1053–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x20906018.

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Shape memory alloy cables have emerged as an alternative to conventional steel cable restrainers for preventing the bridge spans from unseating during an extreme earthquake. Feasibility of high-cost NiTi shape memory alloy restrainers in retrofitting the bridges has been numerically investigated, and promising results have been published; however, considering the economic impacts, the effect of different types of shape memory alloy such as Cu-based and Fe-based shape memory alloy restrainers has not been discussed yet. The objective of this study is to address this problem in detail in order to propose the most cost-effective shape memory alloy restrainer suitable for bridge engineering applications. Seismic fragility and life-cycle loss (both direct and indirect) assessments are analytically performed on an isolated simply-supported highway bridge retrofitted by four types of shape memory alloy restrainers (i.e. NiTi, FeNiCoAlTaB, CuAlMn, and FeMnAlNi). Results showed that for all retrofitted bridges performed in the range of design displacement, the effect of type of shape memory alloy is significant on the damage probability and long-term seismic loss of the bridges. All the bridges retrofitted with shape memory alloy restrainers have a very low probability of collapse (less than 7%). It is also found that the bridge retrofitted with Fe-based shape memory alloy restrainers (SMA-II and SMA-IV) performed better as compared to the other cases. Compared to the bridge without restrainers and with NiTi shape memory alloy restrainers, Fe-based shape memory alloy restrainers can reduce the long-term loss by about 87% and 11%, respectively, at the design earthquake event specified in CHBDC-2014. The probabilistic risk analysis of highway bridges retrofitted with shape memory alloy restrainers can aid in paving the way toward widespread application of such smart materials in structural applications.

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22

Vandegehuchte, B. D., J. W. Thybaut, and G. B. Marin. "Unraveling Diffusion and Other Shape Selectivity Effects in ZSM5 Using n-Hexane Hydroconversion Single-Event Microkinetics." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 53, no. 40 (March 25, 2014): 15333–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie500164q.

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23

Vargas, E. A. "Triad Model of Education (II) and Instructional Engineering." Spanish Journal of Psychology 10, no. 2 (November 2007): 314–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600006582.

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Despite the money and sweat that go into new instructional technologies, they do not produce the overall high level of student performances that societies seek. More effective teaching calls for a profound solution. It requires a coordinate triad of factors: a proper science, the correct organizational structure, and an engineering instructional technology. This second of a series of articles on the Triad Model of Education concentrates on instructional engineering. The instructional engineering drawn from the science is contingency-based. Contingency-based instructional systems always handle the inevitable two components of instruction: the repertoires of students and the setups that shape those repertoires. The setup component features five elements: subject matter, objectives, quality control, presentation modes, and logistics. The repertoire component consists of the governance of repertoires—event and lingual governed, the type of repertoire—knowing, solving, and creating, and the variability of the repertoire—convergent and divergent. These elements, and their required engineering, reveal an instructional task more complex than previously considered. Progress with such complexity occurs only when all components of the triad are in place.

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24

DasGupta, S., A. F. Witulski, B. L. Bhuva, M. L. Alles, R. A. Reed, O. A. Amusan, J. R. Ahlbin, R. D. Schrimpf, and L. W. Massengill. "Effect of Well and Substrate Potential Modulation on Single Event Pulse Shape in Deep Submicron CMOS." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 54, no. 6 (December 2007): 2407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2007.910863.

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25

Nassirpour, Adrian. "Event-shape studies of strangeness production in √S = 13 TeV proton–proton collisions with ALICE." EPJ Web of Conferences 276 (2023): 03013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202327603013.

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The ALICE Collaboration has observed that the ratio of strange to non-strange hadron yields increases strongly with multiplicity in small collision systems at LHC energies. The origin of this effect is still not fully understood. Models need to incorporate final-state interactions to accommodate the new ALICE results, and require new measurements to discriminate between the various phenomenological descriptions. Two different ALICE studies, aiming to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms of strangeness production in high-multiplicity proton–proton (pp) collisions at √S = 13 TeV, are presented in this proceeding. First, the production of η and π0 are studied as a function of multiplicity, combining several analysis techniques, allowing a measurement for the neutral meson production over a vast transverse momentum (pT) range. This is followed by a measurement of π, K, ϕ, and Ξ as a function of the unweighed transverse spherocity SOPT=1, an event-shape observable which allows us to explore particle production in azimuthal topologies dominated by either hard or soft QCD processes. The results are compared to predictions from PYTHIA and EPOS-LHC.

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26

Villalba Morales, Jesús Daniel, and Samuel N. Ferrer-Fuenmayor. "Numerical assessment of dissipation energy capacity in perforated plate steel dampers." DYNA 88, no. 218 (September 5, 2021): 194–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v88n218.91719.

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The use of perforated metallic shear dampers in buildings has been an adequate strategy for reducing the magnitude of damages caused by earthquakes on primary elements. Furthermore, the amount of energy dissipated by the shear dampers is in turn affected by the geometrical shape of said perforations. Such process is carried out without knowing the most adequate shape or distribution of perforations in relation to an established amount of material.In this research, 5 different steel sheer damper setups will be compared in order to determine how this affects performance and to understand how damper perforation shape affects energy dissipation capacity. The latter is achieved through a performance analysis of dampers under a cyclic load using the finite element analysis software Abaqus. Likewise, the decrease in response to a seismic event of a plane frame will be measured using three different seismic motions for all the different setups used for the researched shear plates

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27

Magdy, Niseem, Olga Evdokimov, and Roy A. Lacey. "A method to test the coupling strength of the linear and nonlinear contributions to higher-order flow harmonics via event shape engineering." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 48, no. 2 (December 17, 2020): 025101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/abcb59.

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28

Hu, Yi Hai, Ping Gao, and Lin Lu. "The Comparative Study on Characteristics of Antagonistic Event-Group Athletes’ Competitive Ability." Advanced Materials Research 187 (February 2011): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.187.13.

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This paper is based on the athlete’s competitive ability theory model, chosing seven antagonistic events to study. By mathematical dealing with every event’s competitive ability factors and comparing the weight number of each factor within and between sub event-groups to get the different or same characteristics in these events. The result is that the weight numbers in different events are different, which reflects the imbalance development of competitive ability. Specials’ competitive ability characteristics focus on the consistent weight numbers of condition ability, sport tactics and sport intellect and the difference of weight numbers of body shape, body function and sport technique.

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29

Nassirpour, Adrian. "Event-shape studies of strangeness production in √S = 13 TeV proton–proton collisions with ALICE." EPJ Web of Conferences 259 (2022): 13005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202225913005.

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The ALICE Collaboration has observed that the relative fraction of strange hadrons grows strongly with multiplicity in small collision systems at LHC energies, in particular for multi-strange baryons. The origin of this effect is still under debate, and models need significant final-state interactions to accommodate the new ALICE results, requiring new tools to discriminate experimentally between the various phenomenological ideas. In these proceedings we present a multi-differential study of identified particle spectra with respect to the event multiplicity and two different event shape observables, the unweighted transverse spherocity SOpT=1, and the self-normalized, transverse charged particle density, RT, which allows us to explore particle production associated with hard and soft QCD processes. ALICE has measured π, K, ϕ, and Ξ production at mid-rapidity (|η| < 0.8) as a function of SOpT=1 and RT in pp collisions at √S = 13 TeV. This work reports on how these multi-differential measurements compare with predictions from PYTHIA and EPOSLHC.

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30

Li, Xiaorong, Chadi S. El Mohtar, and K. E. Gray. "Modeling Progressive Wellbore Breakouts with Dynamic Wellbore Hydraulics." SPE Journal 25, no. 02 (February 7, 2020): 541–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/199887-pa.

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Summary This paper presents a model that couples wellbore geomechanics and wellbore hydraulics for predicting breakouts of arbitrarily deviated boreholes during drilling. By incorporating the impact of dynamic drilling parameters, the model can explicitly simulate the progressive receding of wellbore surface during a breakout event and update the boundary conditions on the newly created surface simultaneously. Numerical examples were carried out to demonstrate the capabilities of the model and to investigate the impacts of several drilling operational parameters. The results show that frictional pressure caused by mud circulation can substantially alter breakout volume and shape.

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31

Ying, Wang, Cheng‐Hao Yu, Fei Cao, and Ming‐Guang Shan. "Simulation study of single event effects for split‐gate enhanced power U‐shape metal‐oxide semiconductor field‐effect transistor." IET Power Electronics 7, no. 12 (December 2014): 2895–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2013.0633.

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32

Su, Zhong Qing, Li Cheng, Xiao Ming Wang, and Long Yu. "Diagnostic Imaging for Structural Damage." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 1157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.1157.

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There has been increasing awareness of the use of intuitional imaging techniques to describe a damage event in the engineered structures. A Lamb wave-based diagnostic imaging approach was developed in this study, by fusing the prior probabilities established by the sensors of an active sensor network at different spatial positions of the structure under inspection. Rather than pinpointing the damage location and shape with definitive parameters, such an approach was intended to probabilistically predict the occurrence of a damage event, which is in nature more consistent with the implication of ‘estimating’ damage in SHM than traditional approaches. As validation, the approach was employed to detect mono- and dual-delamination in CF/EP laminates, and the results were represented in probability contour diagrams, where the structural damage became intuitional. Other major benefits of the approach include the independence of its effectiveness on the number of damage and enhanced tolerance to noise/uncertainties.

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33

Hofbauer, Michael, Kurt Schweiger, Horst Zimmermann, Ulrich Giesen, Frank Langner, Ulrich Schmid, and Andreas Steininger. "Supply Voltage Dependent On-Chip Single-Event Transient Pulse Shape Measurements in 90-nm Bulk CMOS Under Alpha Irradiation." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 60, no. 4 (August 2013): 2640–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2013.2245679.

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34

Stegner, Matthias, Othmar Buchner, Tanja Schäfernolte, Andreas Holzinger, and Gilbert Neuner. "Responses to Ice Formation and Reasons of Frost Injury in Potato Leaves." Crops 2, no. 4 (October 6, 2022): 378–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/crops2040026.

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Potato leaves are ice-tolerant but are frost-damaged at −3 °C. Freezing occurs in two steps, a first non-destructive freezing event and a second independent lethal event. Localization of ice, and whether cells freeze-dehydrate after the first freezing event remains unknown. The cause of frost damage during the second freezing event lacks experimental evidence. Cytological responses of mesophyll cells were examined during ice formation using cryo-microscopic techniques after high-pressure freeze-fixation and freeze-substitution. CO2 gas exchange on frozen leaves revealed functional responses, but also frost damage. After the first freezing event, gas exchange was uninterrupted. Consequently, intercellular spaces are free of ice, and ice may be restricted to xylem vessels. The cellular shape of the mesophyll cells was unchanged, cells did not freeze-dehydrate but were supercooled. When thawed after the first freezing event, leaves were initially photoinhibited but regained photosynthesis. During the second freezing event, cells froze intracellularly, and some palisade parenchyma cells remained intact for a prolonged time. Intracellular ice caused complete destruction of cells, and chloroplasts became invisible at the light microscopic level. When thawed after the second freezing, leaves were unable to regain photosynthesis. Consequently, freezing avoidance is the only viable strategy for potatoes to survive frost.

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35

Sambataro, Maria Lucia, Salvatore Plumari, Yifeng Sun, Vincenzo Minissale, and Vincenzo Greco. "Charm and Bottom quarks dynamics in heavy-ion collisions: R_AA, anisotropic flows v_n and their correlations to the bulk." EPJ Web of Conferences 259 (2022): 10016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202225910016.

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We describe the propagation of heavy quarks (HQs), charm and bottom, in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) by means of a full Boltzmann transport approach including event-by-event fluctuations within a coalescence plus fragmentation hadronization. The non-perturbative dynamics of the interaction between HQs and plasma particles have been taken into account through a Quasi-Particle Model (QPM). We show that the resulting charm in-medium evolution is able to correctly predict simultaneously not only the experimental data for the average D-mesons RAA(pT) and v2,3(pT) at LHC energies but also the extension of the analysis to the event-shape engineeering tecnique that classify events according to magnitude of the second-order harmonic reduced flow vector q2. In the same scheme we show predictions for RAA(pT) of electrons from semi-leptonic B-mesons decays at top LHC energies. Our results entail a determination of Ds which is consistent with the lattice QCD calculations.

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36

Ayala, Alejandro, Eleazar Cuautle, Isabel Domínguez, Antonio Ortiz, and Guy Paić. "Fine structure in the azimuthal transverse momentum correlations at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV using the event shape analysis." European Physical Journal C 62, no. 3 (June 3, 2009): 535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-009-1058-3.

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37

Akers, R., G. Alexander, J. Allison, K. J. Anderson, S. Arcelli, S. Asai, A. Astbury та ін. "Determination of event shape distributions and α s b from $$Z^0 \to b\bar b$$ events at LEP". Zeitschrift für Physik C Particles and Fields 65, № 1 (березень 1995): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01571302.

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38

Förster, Jürgen. "Patterns of roof runoff contamination and their potential implications on practice and regulation of treatment and local infiltration." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 6 (March 1, 1996): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0079.

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Roof runoff water was sampled from an experimental roof system and from house roofs in the city of Bayreuth, Germany. Samples were analysed for organic micropollutants, heavy metals and sum parameters. The pollution level and the shape of the runoff profiles are dependent on the individual properties of the precipitation event and the roof, but patterns with high concentrations at the beginning of the event and a subsequent decrease (first flush effect) are very typical. For dissolved substances, the profile can often be well described by a negative exponential function. Metal surfaces on the roofs cause extreme runoff pollution with heavy metals (Cu, Zn) that constitutes an environmental hazard. It is concluded that there is a need for the development of flexible drainage strategies for surface runoff and that metal surfaces should be avoided on roofs.

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39

Guerrero-Castellanos, J. Fermi, Argel Vega-Alonzo, Sylvain Durand, Nicolas Marchand, Victor R. Gonzalez-Diaz, Josefina Castañeda-Camacho, and W. Fermin Guerrero-Sánchez. "Leader-Following Consensus and Formation Control of VTOL-UAVs with Event-Triggered Communications." Sensors 19, no. 24 (December 12, 2019): 5498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19245498.

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This article presents the design and implementation of an event-triggered control approach, applied to the leader-following consensus and formation of a group of autonomous micro-aircraft with capabilities of vertical take-off and landing (VTOL-UAVs). The control strategy is based on an inner–outer loop control approach. The inner control law stabilizes the attitude and position of one agent, whereas the outer control follows a virtual leader to achieve position consensus cooperatively through an event-triggered policy. The communication topology uses undirected and connected graphs. With such an event-triggered control, the closed-loop trajectories converge to a compact sphere, centered in the origin of the error space. Furthermore, the minimal inter-sampling time is proven to be below bounded avoiding the Zeno behavior. The formation problem addresses the group of agents to fly in a given shape configuration. The simulation and experimental results highlight the performance of the proposed control strategy.

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40

Sapir, J. "HAS THE COVID-19 CRISIS PUT PLANNING BACK ON THE AGENDA?" Scientific Works of the Free Economic Society of Russia 230, no. 4 (2021): 259–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.38197/2072-2060-2021-230-4-259-273.

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The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the emergence of an unforeseen event with far-reaching consequences. This surprise invalidated the traditional results of economic calculation and made the act of political decision-making emerge as central as the markets proved incapable of handling this type of event. In such a situation, the political decision turns out to be more effective than economic calculation. This is also the case with heuristic decision-making because it becomes impossible to calculate in advance the consequences of the unforeseeable event. In this situation, O. Neurath had shown in the debate with L. von Mises and F.A. Hayek that planning could be an effective alternative to a market. J.E. Stiglitz has stressed the risk of market failures too. It is therefore now clear that the health crisis has revived the issue of planning. The fear of a recurrence of such a pandemic will permanently shape economic behaviour in the years to come. We find empirical applications both in the case of war economies during the two world conflicts and in the Japanese or French post-war economy. Conscious and organized consultation, which can then take the form of a flexible mode of planning such as what was practiced in post-war France or in Japan by the MITI, can then - as Claude Gruson shows - prove to be a procedure that is not only effective but empirically efficient in the face of uncertainty and the inability of the market to manage information effectively.

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41

Ahyerre, M., F. O. Henry, F. Gogien, M. Chabanel, M. Zug, and D. Renaudet. "Test of the efficiency of three storm water quality models with a rich set of data." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 2 (January 1, 2005): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0045.

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The objective of this article is to test the efficiency of three different Storm Water Quality Model (SWQM) on the same data set (34 rain events, SS measurements) sampled on a 42 ha watershed in the center of Paris. The models have been calibrated at the scale of the rain event. Considering the mass of pollution calculated per event, the results on the models are satisfactory but that they are in the same order of magnitude as the simple hydraulic approach associated to a constant concentration. In a second time, the mass of pollutant at the outlet of the catchment at the global scale of the 34 events has been calculated. This approach shows that the simple hydraulic calculations gives better results than SWQM. Finally, the pollutographs are analysed, showing that storm water quality models are interesting tools to represent the shape of the pollutographs, and the dynamics of the phenomenon which can be useful in some projects for managers.

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42

Romero-Jarén, Benito, and Arranz. "Testing and Application of Geospatial Techniques in Seismic Engineering." Proceedings 19, no. 1 (July 22, 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019019023.

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Identification and classification of the different structures and infrastructures that make up a city (conventional buildings, power stations, nuclear power stations, routes of communication, etc.) are of great importance at the time of characterize their vulnerability and carry out estimates of seismic risk. Different types have different physical damage to some seismic movement, hence the importance of correctly assign a class of vulnerability. For this reason, it is necessary to know, updated form, the distribution and composition of structures and infrastructure of a city. Behaviour that presented these elements to a seismic phenomenon is linked, among others, building material and its geometric shape. Today, cadastral information updated about the infrastructure of a city does not have the data necessary and useful to carry out a calculation of seismic risk. For decades, the way of being able to have such information, has been through the development of campaigns of field for the elaboration of databases. This practice entails long time of work and the need for qualified personnel for the identification of the constructive typologies of the different structures. Nowadays, there are different geospatial techniques that allow data acquisition on a massive scale in a short time. In particular, by means of laser measurements, it is possible to have clouds of millions of points with geometric and radiometric information in a matter of seconds. This article presents a line of research whose main objective is to innovate in the vulnerability mapping and seismic risk estimation methods using geospatial techniques: static and dynamic laser. The end is contributing to knowledge and more accurate risk results, on which will be supported after the emergency plans that facilitate post event actions.

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Akers, R., G. Alexander, J. Allison, N. Altekamp, K. Ametewee, K. J. Anderson, S. Anderson, et al. "A study of QCD structure constants and a measurement of $$\alpha _s (M_{Z^0 } )$$ at LEP using event shape observables." Zeitschrift für Physik C Particles and Fields 68, no. 4 (December 1995): 519–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01565253.

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44

Zhu, Wu, Yan Zhang, Zhanke Liu, and Qian Zhu. "Pre- and Postcollapse Ground Deformation Revealed by SAR Interferometry: A Case Study of Foshan (China) Ground Collapse." Journal of Sensors 2020 (September 10, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8899054.

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On the evening of 7 February 2018, a deadly collapse of a metro tunnel under construction in the Southern China city of Foshan caused 11 deaths, 8 injuries, and 1 missing person. For disaster prevention and mitigation, the spatiotemporal ground deformations before and after the collapse event were derived from 55 Sentinel-1A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images spanning from March 2017 to January 2019. The results showed that prominent ground subsidence in the shape of a funnel with a maximum rate of 42 mm/year was observed in the vicinity of the collapse area before the accident. After the accident, the area and magnitude of subsidence decreased compared with precollapse subsidence. This decrease is related to the progress of tunnel excavation and groundwater changes. In the temporal domain, continuous subsidence was observed over a year before and after the accident, and accelerated subsidence appeared one month before the collapse accident. Soft soil consolidation and tunnel-induced soil losses were the main reasons for the subsidence over the study area. The leakage of groundwater accounted for the collapse event. The leaked groundwater eroded the soil, resulting in the formation of an arched hole. The connection between the arched hole and the tunnel reduced the bearing capacity of the soil layer above the arched hole, triggering the collapse event. The findings provide scientific evidence for future collapse monitoring and early warning due to tunnel excavation.

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Zhang, Ailin, Shi Zhang, Xiaoda Xu, Haibin Zhong, and Bo Li. "Variation Characteristics of the Wind Field in a Typical Thunderstorm Event in Beijing." Applied Sciences 12, no. 23 (November 24, 2022): 12036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122312036.

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The understanding of wind field characteristics during thunderstorms is key to structural design for resistance to thunderstorms. In this paper, the directional thunderstorm wind model is adopted to analyze the characteristics of vertical variations of the wind field in a typical thunderstorm event in the Beijing urban area, based on the measured data. First, the longitudinal and lateral fluctuating wind speed components were decoupled and the change of direction was obtained. Then, variation of the wind speed, wind direction, turbulence intensity, turbulence integral length scale, and gust factor with the height and time were studied. The measured thunderstorm wind spectrum and the coherence function of horizontal longitudinal reduced turbulent fluctuations were analyzed and compared with empirical models. The results showed that the wind speed profile presented an obvious “nose shape” near the peak wind speed. The longitudinal turbulence integral scale was larger than the lateral one. The Von Karman spectrum is relatively effective in fitting the thunderstorm wind spectrum. Compared with synoptic winds, the gust factor during the pass of thunderstorm wind is larger, so it seems necessary to consider the influence of thunderstorm wind in engineering design.

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Chen, Mengyuan, Jin Tang, Ding Zhu, and Alfred Hill. "Classification and Localization of Fracture-Hit Events in Low-Frequency Distributed Acoustic Sensing Strain Rate with Convolutional Neural Networks." SPE Journal 27, no. 02 (January 21, 2022): 1341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205136-pa.

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Summary Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) has been used in the oil and gas industry as an advanced technology for surveillance and diagnostics. Operators use DAS to monitor hydraulic fracturing activities, examine well stimulation efficacy, and estimate complex fracture system geometries. Particularly, low-frequency DAS can detect geomechanical events such as fracture hits because hydraulic fractures propagate and create strain rate variations in the rock. Analysis of DAS data today is mostly done post-job and subject to interpretation methods. However, the continuous and dense data stream generated live by DAS poses the opportunity for more efficient and accurate real-time data-driven analysis. The objective of this study is to develop a machine learning-based workflow that can identify and locate fracture-hit events in simulated strain rate responses correlated with low-frequency DAS data. In this paper, “fracture hit” refers to a hydraulic fracture originating from a stimulated well intersecting an offset well. We start with building a single fracture propagation model to produce strain rate patterns observed at a hypothetical monitoring well. This model is used to generate two sets of strain rate responses with one set containing fracture-hit events. The labeled synthetic data are then used to train a custom convolutional neural network (CNN) model for identifying the presence of fracture-hit events. The same model is trained again for locating the event with the output layer of the model replaced with linear units. We achieved near-perfect predictions for both event classification and localization. These promising results prove the feasibility of using CNN for real-time event detection from fiber-optic sensing data. Additionally, we use edge detection techniques to recognize fracture-hit event patterns in strain rate images. The fracture-hit location can be identified using recognized pixels in the image. The accuracy of edge detection-based location identification is also plausible, but edge detection is dependent on the assumption of pattern shape and image quality, hence it is less robust compared to CNN models. This comparison further supports the need for CNN applications in image-based real-time fiber-optic sensing event detection.

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Billings, Stephen B., Eric Chyn, and Kareem Haggag. "The Long-Run Effects of School Racial Diversity on Political Identity." American Economic Review: Insights 3, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 267–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20200336.

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How do early-life experiences shape political identity? We examine the end of race-based busing in Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools, an event that led to large changes in school racial composition. Using administrative data, we compare party affiliation in adulthood for students who had lived on opposite sides of newly drawn school boundaries. Consistent with the contact hypothesis, we find that a 10 percentage point increase in the share of minorities in a White student’s assigned school decreased their likelihood of registering as a Republican by 2 percentage points (12 percent). Our results suggest that schools in childhood play an important role in shaping partisanship. (JEL D72, H75, I21, I28, J15)

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48

Wu, Wenya. "Search for the Chiral Magnetic Wave in Pb–Pb collisions using the ALICE detector." EPJ Web of Conferences 276 (2023): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202327601001.

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The interplay of the chiral anomaly and the strong magnetic field (∼1015 T) created in heavy-ion collisions could give rise to a collective excitation in the quark–gluon plasma called the Chiral Magnetic Wave (CMW). This effect can be experimentally sought by the charge asymmetry (Ach) dependence of elliptic flow v2. However, non-CMW mechanisms such as local charge conservation (LCC) coupled with collective flow can also lead to a similar dependence of v2 on Ach. The triangular flow (v3) measurement serves as a reference as it is not expected to be affected by the CMW. The v2 and v3 of charged hadrons as a function of Ach measured in Pb–Pb collisions at √SNN=2.76 and 5.02 TeV are presented. In addition, the event-shape engineering (ESE) technique is adopted for the first time to quantitatively disentangle the CMW signal and the LCC background. The results indicate that the background effects dominate the CMW measurements.

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Vesuviano, Gianni, and Virginia Stovin. "A generic hydrological model for a green roof drainage layer." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 4 (August 1, 2013): 769–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.294.

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A rainfall simulator of length 5 m and width 1 m was used to supply constant intensity and largely spatially uniform water inflow events to 100 different configurations of commercially available green roof drainage layer and protection mat. The runoff from each inflow event was collected and sampled at one-second intervals. Time-series runoff responses were subsequently produced for each of the tested configurations, using the average response of three repeat tests. Runoff models, based on storage routing (dS/dt = I–Q) and a power-law relationship between storage and runoff (Q = kSn), and incorporating a delay parameter, were created. The parameters k, n and delay were optimized to best fit each of the runoff responses individually. The range and pattern of optimized parameter values was analysed with respect to roof and event configuration. An analysis was performed to determine the sensitivity of the shape of the runoff profile to changes in parameter values. There appears to be potential to consolidate values of n by roof slope and drainage component material.

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Kawamura, Hikaru, Koji Yoshimura, and Shingo Kakui. "Nature of the high-speed rupture of the two-dimensional Burridge–Knopoff model of earthquakes." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 377, no. 2136 (November 26, 2018): 20170391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0391.

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The nature of the high-speed rupture or the main shock of the Burridge–Knopoff spring-block model in two dimensions obeying the rate- and state-dependent friction law is studied by means of extensive computer simulations. It is found that the rupture propagation in larger events is highly anisotropic and irregular in shape on longer length scales, although the model is completely uniform and the emergent rupture-propagation velocity is nearly constant everywhere at the rupture front. The manner of the rupture propagation sometimes mimics the successive ruptures of neighbouring ‘asperities’ observed in real, large earthquakes. Large events tend to be unilateral, with its epicentre lying at the rim of its rupture zone. The epicentre site of a large event is also located next to the rim of the rupture zone of some past event. Event-size distributions are computed and discussed in comparison with those of the corresponding one-dimensional model. The magnitude distribution exhibits a power-law behaviour resembling the Gutenberg–Richter law for smaller magnitudes, which changes over to a more characteristic behaviour for larger magnitudes. For very large events, the rupture-length distribution exhibits mutually different behaviours in one dimension and in two dimensions, reflecting the difference in the underlying geometry. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Statistical physics of fracture and earthquakes’.

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