Статті в журналах: "EV TECHNOLOGIES"

1

Toomnan, Parichart, and Bodee Putsayainunt. "Technologies in English Online Learning for Vendors." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 17, no. 16 (August 31, 2022): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v17i16.33387.

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The purposes of the present investigation were: 1) to scrutinize whether, after us-ing the English for Vendors (EV hereafter) program, the vendors improve their language learning achievement; and 2) to explore vendors’ attitudes toward learn-ing through the EV program. There were twenty participants involved in this in-vestigation. The main research instruments were EV program and a questionnaire of vendors’ attitudes toward EV program. After completing the EV program, the participants were asked to answer the questionnaire about their attitudes toward learning through the EV program. The results of the present investigation re-vealed that the participants’ performance scores between the pretest and the post-test were statistically and significantly different at p<.00. Consequently, the EV program is shown to have improved the vendors’ performance in their communi-cative competence. According to their attitudes toward learning through the EV program, the results obtained from the questionnaire showed that the vendors be-lieved the EV program was appropriate (

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2

Norman, Helen. "EV Tyre Advances." Vehicle Dynamics International 2023, no. 1 (May 2023): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s1479-7747(23)50031-3.

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Four leading tyre manufactures share their latestEV-”““ focused developments, with new technologies bringing benefits including weight reduction, enhanced grip and comfort, and improved range, durability and sustainability

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3

LOLLI, L., G. BRIDA, I. P. DEGIOVANNI, M. GRAMEGNA, E. MONTICONE, F. PIACENTINI, C. PORTESI, et al. "Ti/Au TES AS SUPERCONDUCTING DETECTOR FOR QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES." International Journal of Quantum Information 09, supp01 (January 2011): 405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749911007022.

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Single photon detectors are fundamental tools for quantum metrology, e.g. to calibrate both detectors and sources, as for quantum information. One of the most promising detectors able to resolve single photons is the transition-edge sensor (TES). We report our last results obtained with Ti/Au TES deposited on SiN substrate. Photon counting measurements, obtained by using pulsed sources, in the NIR-visible wavelength range, show the ability to resolve up to fourteen photons with an energy resolution of 0.44 eV at 690 nm (1.80 eV) and 0.38 eV at 1310 nm (0.95 eV), with a good linearity. A preliminary measurement obtained by using a parametric down conversion (PDC) heralded single photon source, at 812 nm (1.53 eV), is also reported.

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4

Chi-lan, Cai, Wang Xiao-gang, Bai Yue-wei, Xia Yan-chun, and Liu Kai. "Key Technologies of EV Motor Drive System Design." Procedia Engineering 16 (2011): 356–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.08.1095.

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5

Li, Hui, Wei Shi Zhang, Jin Yu Shi, and Xi Yuan Ma. "The Sensing Technologies in the Electric Vehicle Charging and Exchanging Station." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 1456–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.1456.

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The Electric Vehicle Charging and Exchanging (EVCE) station is the important infrastructure for the Electric Vehicle (EV) industry. Meanwhile, the sensing technologies can effectively obtain the key parameters from kinds of smart devices, which make it very suitable for intelligent management in EVCE station system. In this paper, according to the environment and supporting technologies for EVCE station, we introduce the sensing technologies in detail, including technologies about EV battery sensing, EV sensing, charging/exchanging station sensing and charging pile sensing, etc. Practice shows that the sensing technology can effectively improve EVCE station intelligence.

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6

Gao, Hui, and Ying Jun Wu. "The Research Status and Development Trend of Electric Vehicle Power Supply Technology." Advanced Materials Research 1008-1009 (August 2014): 381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1008-1009.381.

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Electric vehicle (EV) power supply infrastructure construction and the related technologies are the prerequisite and core of the EV industry development respectively. This paper introduces the technology research and application situation of charging, battery swapping and smart charging/battery swap service network operation management in China, and meanwhile introduces the EV energy supply infrastructure construction and some typical pilot projects in China. And the EV energy supply technologies development trend is discussed at last.

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7

Arif, Syed Muhammad, Tek Tjing Lie, Boon Chong Seet, Soumia Ayyadi, and Kristian Jensen. "Review of Electric Vehicle Technologies, Charging Methods, Standards and Optimization Techniques." Electronics 10, no. 16 (August 9, 2021): 1910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10161910.

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This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of electric vehicle technology, charging methods, standards, and optimization techniques. The essential characteristics of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) are first discussed. Recent research on EV charging methods such as Battery Swap Station (BSS), Wireless Power Transfer (WPT), and Conductive Charging (CC) are then presented. This is followed by a discussion of EV standards such as charging levels and their configurations. Next, some of the most used optimization techniques for the sizing and placement of EV charging stations are analyzed. Finally, based on the insights gained, several recommendations are put forward for future research.

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8

Collin, Ryan, Yu Miao, Alex Yokochi, Prasad Enjeti, and Annette von Jouanne. "Advanced Electric Vehicle Fast-Charging Technologies." Energies 12, no. 10 (May 15, 2019): 1839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12101839.

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Negative impacts from the dominant use of petroleum-based transportation have propelled the globe towards electrified transportation. With this thrust, many technological challenges are being encountered and addressed, one of which is the development and availability of fast-charging technologies. To compete with petroleum-based transportation, electric vehicle (EV) battery charging times need to decrease to the 5–10 min range. This paper provides a review of EV fast-charging technologies and the impacts on the battery systems, including heat management and associated limitations. In addition, the paper presents promising new approaches and opportunities for power electronic converter topologies and systems level research to advance the state-of-the-art in fast-charging.

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9

Monteiro, Vitor, and Joao L. Afonso. "Power Electronics Technologies and Applicationsfor EV Battery Charging Systems." Energies 15, no. 3 (January 30, 2022): 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15031049.

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10

Joaquim Filho, José. "Identifying electric vehicles batteries technology trends: a prospective study based on patent mining." Brazilian Journal of Business 5, no. 3 (July 30, 2023): 1595–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.34140/bjbv5n3-011.

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The purpose of this paper is to identify recent trends in battery technologies being produced for Electric Vehicles [EV] propulsion, including advantages regarding pollution reduction. We used the software Patent2Net to investigate, through patent granted mining, by the International Patent Office [IPO], showing the linkages between inventors, patent applicants, and technology platform trends. Results show an increase in patent granted for EV batteries in the last 10 years, meaning that the knowledge on batteries technology and innovation has been continuously improved. Japanese technologies assume incumbency in the field, showing innovation diversity while dealing in almost all EV battery technology platforms. In spite of outdated technologies, such as Lead-acid batteries, keep on fighting in specific niches, Lithium batteries appear as the prevailing technology, as shown in sixteen patents. Lithium EV battery technologies/innovation trends, however, seem not determinative, as concerns on the availability of Lithium and other related metals, central to these technologies, becomes paramount.

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11

Mo, Tiande, Yu Li, Kin-tak Lau, Chi Kin Poon, Yinghong Wu, and Yang Luo. "Trends and Emerging Technologies for the Development of Electric Vehicles." Energies 15, no. 17 (August 28, 2022): 6271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176271.

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In response to severe environmental and energy crises, the world is increasingly focusing on electric vehicles (EVs) and related emerging technologies. Emerging technologies for EVs have great potential to accelerate the development of smart and sustainable transportation and help build future smart cities. This paper reviews new trends and emerging EV technologies, including wireless charging, smart power distribution, vehicle-to-home (V2H) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems, connected vehicles, and autonomous driving. The opportunities, challenges, and prospects for emerging EV technologies are systematically discussed. The successful commercialization development cases of emerging EV technologies worldwide are provided. This review serves as a reference and guide for future technological development and commercialization of EVs and offers perspectives and recommendations on future smart transportation.

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12

Halim, Ahmed Abd El Baset Abd El, Ehab Hassan Eid Bayoumi, Walid El-Khattam, and Amr Mohamed Ibrahim. "Electric vehicles: a review of their components and technologies." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 2041. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i4.pp2041-2061.

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The number of electrical vehicles (EVs) on the road has increased in recent years, including battery-electric vehicles (BEV), hybrid-electric vehicles (HEV), plug-in hybrid-electric vehicles (PHEVs), and fuel-cell electric vehicles (FCEV). This mode of transportation is expected to eventually replace internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, based on current trends. Each key EV component integrates several technologies that are either currently in use or have the potential to become prominent in the future. Environmental, power systems, and other industries may be adversely affected by electric vehicles (EVs). With sufficient EV penetration, the current power system could be subjected to severe instabilities; nevertheless, with proper management and coordination, EVs can significantly contribute to the success of the smart grid concept. Moreover, EVs have the potential to significantly cut transportation-related emissions of greenhouse gases. However, there are still considerable barriers that EVs must overcome before they can completely replace ICEs. The purpose of this study is to review all the relevant information available on EV architectures, battery energy sources, charging processes, and control approaches. Its goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of current EV technology.

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13

Tappeta, Vinay Simha Reddy, Bhargav Appasani, Suprava Patnaik, and Taha Selim Ustun. "A Review on Emerging Communication and Computational Technologies for Increased Use of Plug-In Electric Vehicles." Energies 15, no. 18 (September 8, 2022): 6580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15186580.

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The electric vehicle (EV) industry is quickly growing in the present scenario, and will have more demand in the future. A sharp increase in the sales of EVs by 160% in 2021 represents 26% of new sales in the worldwide automotive market. EVs are deemed to be the transportation of the future, as they offer significant cost savings and reduce carbon emissions. However, their interactions with the power grid, charging stations, and households require new communication and control techniques. EVs show unprecedented behavior during vehicle battery charging, and sending the charge from the vehicle’s battery back to the grid via a charging station during peak hours has an impact on the grid operation. Balancing the load during peak hours, i.e., managing the energy between the grid and vehicle, requires efficient communication protocols, standards, and computational technologies that are essential for improving the performance, efficiency, and security of vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-grid (V2G), and grid-to-vehicle (G2V) communication. Machine learning and deep learning technologies are being used to manage EV-charging station interactions, estimate the charging behavior, and to use EVs in the load balancing and stability control of smart grids. Internet of Things (IoT) technology can be used for managing EV charging stations and monitoring EV batteries. Recently, much work has been presented in the EV communication and control domain. In order to categorize these efforts in a meaningful manner and highlight their contributions to advancing EV migration, a thorough survey is required. This paper presents existing literature on emerging protocols, standards, communication technologies, and computational technologies for EVs. Frameworks, standards, architectures, and protocols proposed by various authors are discussed in the paper to serve the need of various researchers for implementing the applications in the EV domain. Security plays a vital role in EV authentication and billing activities. Hackers may exploit the hardware, such as sensors and other electronic systems and software of the EV, for various malicious activities. Various authors proposed standards and protocols for mitigating cyber-attacks on security aspects in the complex EV ecosystem.

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14

Mo, Tiande, Kin-tak Lau, Yu Li, Chi-kin Poon, Yinghong Wu, Paul K. Chu, and Yang Luo. "Commercialization of Electric Vehicles in Hong Kong." Energies 15, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030942.

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Road vehicles are responsible for air pollution in Hong Kong, and electric vehicles (EVs) are a promising alternative to internal combustion engine vehicles as the city is transitioning to clean energy. In this work, EV adoption in Hong Kong is investigated and analyzed, including the global EV markets, present EV status in Hong Kong, local challenges facing EV development, suggestions for EV promotion in Hong Kong, emerging technologies, and decommissioning of batteries and EVs. The challenges of EVs include insufficient charging infrastructures, inadequate management of public charging facilities, difficulties in EV repair and maintenance, “dead mileage” during charging, unacceptable long charging times, and limited commercial EV models. Strategies such as providing incentives and bonuses for commercial EVs, offering high-power quick-charging facilities, actively developing commercial EVs, installing more charging infrastructures for private EVs, building connections among stakeholders, encouraging the participation of the private sector to promote fee-based services, and supporting the development of innovative technologies should be implemented to promote EVs in Hong Kong. Emerging technologies for EVs such as wireless charging, smart power distribution, vehicle-to-grid and vehicle-to-home systems, connected vehicles, and self-driving are discussed. Eco-friendly decommissioning of EV batteries can be realized by recycling and second-life applications. This paper serves as a reference and guide for the sustainable and smart evolution of the transportation sector in Hong Kong and other global large cities.

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15

Bindra, Ashok. "Exploring Wired and Wireless EV Charging Technologies [From the Editor]." IEEE Power Electronics Magazine 9, no. 2 (June 2022): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mpel.2022.3172573.

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16

Chobitok, V. I. "Integrated mechanism of intellectualization of managing the holistic development of enterprises: multi-agent technologies." Economic Bulletin of the National Mining University 68 (2019): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/ev/68.148.

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17

Wu, Ming, Hui Gao, and Liang Liang Chen. "An Overview of the Electric Vehicle Industry Development in the World." Applied Mechanics and Materials 373-375 (August 2013): 2098–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.373-375.2098.

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Due to the energy shortage and environment pollution, electric vehicle (EV) development has become more urgent. This paper first represented the EV technologies in the developed countries like Europe, USA, etc., and also explained the relevant situation in China. Secondly the paper introduced the EV standard research around the world. Finally, the EV industry development strategy and subsidy policies of those countries were summarized, which can promote the rapid development of the EV industry.

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18

Döbbeling, Klaus, Jaan Hellat, and Hans Koch. "25 Years of BBC/ABB/Alstom Lean Premix Combustion Technologies." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 129, no. 1 (September 28, 2005): 2–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2181183.

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The paper will show the development of lean premix combustion technologies in BBC, ABB, and Alstom gas turbines. Different technologies have been developed and applied in Brown Boveri Company (BBC) before 1990. Considerable improvements with respect to NOx emissions as compared to gas turbines with a single combustor and a single diffusion burner for liquid and gaseous fuel have been achieved with burners with extended premixing sections and with multi-injection burners for annular combustors. Between 1990 and 2005, burners with short but effective premixing zones (EV burners: environmentally friendly V-shaped burners) have been implemented in all new gas turbines of the ABB (and later Alstom) fleet with NOx levels well below 25 vppmd (@15% O2). In addition to this, three variants of premix technologies have been successfully developed and deployed into Alstom GT engines: the sequential EV burners—a technology that allows premixing of natural gas and oil into a hot exhaust stream to reheat the exhaust gases of a first high-pressure turbine; the MBtu EV burners that are used to burn syngas in a premix flame with low NOx emissions; and the advanced EV burners (AEV) that are capable to prevaporize and premix liquid fuel prior to combustion and burn it with very low NOx emissions without water injection. The paper will give an overview of these technologies and their usage in Alstom gas turbines over the last 25years.

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19

Taqvi, Syed Taha, Ali Almansoori, Azadeh Maroufmashat, and Ali Elkamel. "Utilizing Rooftop Renewable Energy Potential for Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Using Multi-Energy Hub Approach." Energies 15, no. 24 (December 16, 2022): 9572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249572.

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Electric vehicles (EV) have the potential to significantly reduce carbon emissions. Yet, the current electric vehicle charging infrastructure utilizes electricity generated from non-renewable sources. In this study, the rooftop area of structures is analyzed to assess electricity that can be generated through solar- and wind-based technologies. Consequently, planning an electric vehicle charging infrastructure that is powered through ‘clean’ energy sources is presented. We developed an optimal modeling framework for the consideration of Renewable Energy Technologies (RET) along with EV infrastructure. After examining the level of technology, a MATLAB image segmentation technique was used to assess the available rooftop area. In this study, two competitive objectives including the economic cost of the system and CO2 emissions are considered. Three scenarios are examined to assess the potential of RET to meet the EV demand along with the Abu Dhabi city one while considering the life-cycle emission of RET and EV systems. When meeting only EV demand through Renewable Energy Technologies (RET), about 187 ktonnes CO2 was reduced annually. On the other hand, the best economic option was still to utilize grid-connected electricity, yielding about 2.24 Mt CO2 annually. In the scenario of meeting both 10% EV demand and all Abu Dhabi city electricity demand using RE, wind-based technology is only able to meet around 3%. Analysis carried out by studying EV penetration demonstrated the preference of using level 2 AC home chargers compared to other ones. When the EV penetration exceeds 25%, preference was observed for level 2 (AC public 3ϕ) chargers.

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20

Hartjes, Thomas, Serhii Mytnyk, Guido Jenster, Volkert van Steijn, and Martin van Royen. "Extracellular Vesicle Quantification and Characterization: Common Methods and Emerging Approaches." Bioengineering 6, no. 1 (January 16, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering6010007.

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a family of small membrane vesicles that carry information about cells by which they are secreted. Growing interest in the role of EVs in intercellular communication, but also in using their diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential in (bio) medical applications, demands for accurate assessment of their biochemical and physical properties. In this review, we provide an overview of available technologies for EV analysis by describing their working principles, assessing their utility in EV research and summarising their potential and limitations. To emphasise the innovations in EV analysis, we also highlight the unique possibilities of emerging technologies with high potential for further development.

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21

Rachid, Aziz, Hassan El Fadil, Khawla Gaouzi, Kamal Rachid, Abdellah Lassioui, Zakariae El Idrissi, and Mohamed Koundi. "Electric Vehicle Charging Systems: Comprehensive Review." Energies 16, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010255.

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The high-voltage battery is a crucial element for EV traction systems. It is the primary energy source that must be regularly recharged to reach the autonomy declared by the manufacturer. Therefore, an EV charging system is required to ensure the battery charging process. This review thoroughly investigates the available EV charging technologies and the most popular batteries for EV applications. The contributions of this work can be summarized as follows: the classification and topologies of electric vehicle chargers are examined, an overview of the current EV charging standards is provided, the state-of-the-art of EV charging couplers is discussed, and the most widely used batteries in EV applications are reviewed.

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22

Nagmani, Debanjana Pahari, Ashwani Tyagi, and Dr. Sreeraj Puravankara. "Lithium-Ion Battery Technologies for Electric Mobility – State-of-the-Art Scenario." ARAI Journal of Mobility Technology 2, no. 2 (May 13, 2022): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ajmt.1.2.10.

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Rechargeable batteries are an integral part of all types of electric vehicles (EVs). Batteries must contain higher energy-power densities and longer cycle life for an EV system. Lead-acid batteries, Nickel-metal hydride batteries, and Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been employed as charge storage in EV systems to date. Lead-acid batteries and Nickel-metal hydride batteries were deployed in EVs by General Motors in 1996. However, the low specific energy in Lead-acid batteries (34 Whkg-1) and high self-discharge (12.5% per day at r.t.) in Nickel-metal hydride batteries have marked these batteries obsolete in EV applications. LIBs currently occupy most of the EV market because of their high specific power (~130-220 Whkg-1) and a low selfdischarge rate (~5% per month). The current technological maturity and mass production in LIBs have reduced the overall battery cost by ~98% in the last three decades, reaching an average value of $140 kWh-1 in 2021. Although a game-changer in battery technologies, LIBs encounter various challenges: high cost, low safety, less reliability, and immature infrastructure despite environmental benignness. Overcharging and overheating of LIBs can cause thermal runway leading to fire hazards or explosion. Declining Liresources also raise concerns regarding the reliability and shelf-life of LIB technology. Hence, a critical assessment of Li-ion chemistries is essential to comprehend the potential of LIBs in electric mobilities and to realize the prospects in EVs.

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23

ElGhanam, Eiman, Mohamed Hassan, Ahmed Osman, and Ibtihal Ahmed. "Review of Communication Technologies for Electric Vehicle Charging Management and Coordination." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 3 (June 28, 2021): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12030092.

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Recently, electric vehicles (EVs) have been introduced as an alternative method of transportation to help mitigate environmental issues, such as carbon emissions and fuel consumption, caused by conventional transportation systems. The implementation of effective EV charging systems is essential to motivate mass adoption of EVs. Accordingly, fast and reliable communications between the charging systems and the EVs are vital for efficient management of the charging process. Different radio access technologies (RATs) are discussed in the literature to enable communication between the highly mobile EVs and the charging subsystems, to collect and exchange information such as state of charge (SoC), users’ locations, and charging decisions between the different network entities. This information can be used to coordinate charging plans and select the optimal routes for moving vehicles. This paper presents a survey of existing literature on vehicular communications for EV charging coordination and management. The communication requirements and feasible communication technologies for vehicular communication are first discussed in details. A review of the physical layer security strategies is then presented and the role of the different RATs in EV charging coordination and management is described and studied.

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Wahid, Muhammad Rizalul, Bentang Arief Budiman, Endra Joelianto, and Muhammad Aziz. "A Review on Drive Train Technologies for Passenger Electric Vehicles." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 16, 2021): 6742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206742.

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Transportation is the second-largest sector contributing to greenhouse gas emissions due to CO2 gas generation from the combustion of fossil fuels. Electric vehicles (EVs) are believed to be a great solution to overcome this issue. EVs can reduce CO2 emissions because the vehicles use an electric motor as a propeller instead of an internal combustion engine. Combined with sustainable energy resources, EVs may become zero-emission transportation. This paper presents an overview of the EV drive train types, including their architecture with the benefits and drawbacks of each type. The aim is to summarize the recent progress of EV technology that always continues to be updated. Furthermore, a comparative investigation on energy density and efficiency, specific energy and power, cost, and application is carried out for batteries as the main energy storage. This discussion provides an understanding of the current development of battery technology, especially the batteries used in EVs. Moreover, the electric motor efficiency, power density, fault tolerance, reliability, and cost are also presented, including the most effective electric motor to use in EVs. The challenges and opportunities of EV deployment in the future are then discussed comprehensively. The government regulation for EVs is still a major non-technical challenge, whereas the charging time and battery performance are the challenges for the technical aspect.

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25

Salhi, Billel. "The Photovoltaic Cell Based on CIGS: Principles and Technologies." Materials 15, no. 5 (March 4, 2022): 1908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15051908.

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Semiconductors used in the manufacture of solar cells are the subject of extensive research. Currently, silicon is the most commonly used material for photovoltaic cells, representing more than 80% of the global production. However, due to its very energy-intensive and costly production method, other materials appear to be preferable over silicon, including the chalcopyrite-structured semiconductors of the CIS-based family (Cu(In, Ga, Al) (Se, S)2). Indeed, these compounds have bandwidths between 1 eV (CuInSe2) and 3 eV (CuAlS2), allowing them to absorb most solar radiation. Moreover, these materials are currently the ones that make it possible to achieve the highest photovoltaic conversion efficiencies from thin-film devices, particularly Cu(In, Ga)Se2, which is considered the most efficient among all drifts based on CIS. In this review, we focus on the CIGS-based solar cells by exploring the different layers and showing the recent progress and challenges.

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26

Zhang, Zhen, Bowen Zhang, Bin Deng, Xile Wei, and Jiang Wang. "Opportunities and challenges of metamaterial-based wireless power transfer for electric vehicles." Wireless Power Transfer 5, no. 1 (October 12, 2017): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wpt.2017.12.

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This paper reviews previous studies on metamaterials and its application to wireless power transfer (WPT) technologies, as well as discussing about development opportunities and technical challenges for the contactless charging of electric vehicles (EVs). The EV establishes a bridge between sustainable energies and our daily transportation, especially the park-and-charge and move-and-charge for EVs have attracted increasing attentions from the academia and the industry. However, the metamaterials-based WPT has been nearly unexplored specifically for EVs by now. Accordingly, this paper gives an overview for the metamaterial-based WPT technologies, with emphasizes on enhancing efficiency, increasing distance, improving misalignment tolerance, and compacting size. From the perspective of EV wireless charging, this paper discusses about the breakthrough to current WPT technique bottlenecks and prospective EV charging scenarios by utilizing the left-handed material. Meanwhile, the technical issues to be addressed are also summarized in this paper, which aims to arouse emerging research topics for the future development of EV wireless charging systems.

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27

Iftime, Daniel, and Claude Laguë. "Connected and autonomous electric and fuel-cell powered agricultural power units: A feasibility study." Canadian Biosystems Engineering 63, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 2.41–2.50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7451/cbe.2021.63.2.41.

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Agricultural labour shortages coupled with a required increase in global food production and increasingly stringent sustainable farming legislation are creating a ‘perfect storm’ opportunity for a much greater reliance on electric and autonomous technologies in agriculture. Fuel cell (FC), electric vehicle (EV), and connected and autonomous vehicle (CAV) technologies are being successfully adapted to meet the needs of several on-road and off-road vehicular applications. In this article, we focus on the feasibility of integrating FC, EV, and CAV technologies to power units adapted to the autonomous completion of agricultural field operations. Such small-scale autonomous agricultural power units (AAPU) would be intended for cluster/fleet operations and feature communication capabilities facilitated through a next-generation network infrastructure. These AAPUs would be compatible with a variety of agricultural implements to provide operational versatility and value to a wide range of farming operations. Such FC & EV powered AAPUs could reduce lifecycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agricultural operations by an average of 70% relative to emissions from diesel power units. This article further demonstrates that these autonomous technologies could be leveraged at a cost comparable to current diesel operations in agriculture.

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Ghosh, Aritra. "Possibilities and Challenges for the Inclusion of the Electric Vehicle (EV) to Reduce the Carbon Footprint in the Transport Sector: A Review." Energies 13, no. 10 (May 20, 2020): 2602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102602.

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To combat global climate change moving towards sustainable, mobility is one of the most holistic approaches. Hence, decarbonization of the transport sector by employing electric vehicles (EVs) is currently an environmentally benign and efficient solution. The EV includes the hybrid EV (HEV), the plug-in hybrid EV (PHEV), and the battery EV (BEV). A storage system, a charging station, and power electronics are the essential components of EVs. The EV charging station is primarily powered from the grid which can be replaced by a solar photovoltaic system. Wide uptake of EVs is possible by improving the technologies, and also with support from the government. However, greenhouse gas emission (GHG) saving potential of the EV is debatable when the required power to charge the EV comes from traditional fossil fuel sources.

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Jang and Lee. "A Fundamental Reason for the Need of Two Different Semiconductor Technologies for Complementary Thin-Film Transistor Operations." Crystals 9, no. 11 (November 17, 2019): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9110603.

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In this short commentary, we discuss a fundamental reason why two different semiconductor technologies are needed for complementary thin-film transistor (TFT) operations. It is mainly related to an energy-level matching between the band edge of the semiconductor and the work-function energy of the metal, which is used for the source and drain electrodes. The reference energy level is determined by the energy range of work-functions of typical metals for the source and drain electrodes. With the exception of silicon, both the conduction band edge (EC) and valence band edge (EV) of a single organic or inorganic material are unlikely to match the metal work-function energy whose range is typically from –4 to –6 eV. For example, typical inorganic materials, e.g., Zn–O, have the EC of around –4.5 eV (i.e., electron affinity), so the conduction band edge is within the range of the metal work-function energy, suggesting its suitability for n-channel TFTs. On the other hand, p-type inorganic materials, such as Cu–O, have an EV of around –5.5 eV, so the valence band edge is aligned with metal work-function energy, thus the usage for p-channel TFTs. In the case of p-type and n-type organic materials, their highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest occupied molecular orbital (LUMO) should be aligned with metal work-function energy. For example, p-type organic material, e.g., pentacene, has a HOMO level around –5 eV, which is within the range of the metal work-function energy, implying usage for p-channel TFTs. However, its LUMO level is around –3 eV, not being aligned with the metals’ work-function energy. So it is hard to use pentacene for n-channel TFTs. Along with this, n-type organic materials (e.g., C60) should have HOMO levels within the typical metals’ work-function energy for the usage of n-channel TFT. To support this, we provide a qualitative and comparative study on electronic material properties, such as the electron affinity and band-gap of representative organic and inorganic materials, and the work-function energy of typical metals.

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Machida, Kazuo, Yoshitsugu Toda, and Toshiaki Iwata. "Space Robotics Researches at Electrotechnical Laboratory: Dexterous EV Robot Technology." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 6, no. 5 (October 20, 1994): 402–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1994.p0402.

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Studies on basic technologies on space robots have been conducted at the Electrotechnical Laboratory (ETL) since 1983. The research emphasizes on developing key technologies of dexterous extravehicular robots. It is categorized into four areas: space adaptive mechatronics; telerobotics; on-board skill technology; and motion control of free flying robots in 0-gravity. We have been developing several pilot models such as a dexterous space manipulator system working in a vacuum, a graphic simulator augmented teleoperation system for long-distance robots, a smart end-effector for a large space manipulator arm, and an astronaut reference flying robot. This paper overviews the space robotics research efforts at ETL and presents a current topic of the precise space telerobotics experiment on ETS-VII.

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Saariluoma, Heikki, Aki Piiroinen, Anna Unt, Jukka Hakanen, Tuomo Rautava, and Antti Salminen. "Overview of Optical Digital Measuring Challenges and Technologies in Laser Welded Components in EV Battery Module Design and Manufacturing." Batteries 6, no. 3 (September 16, 2020): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries6030047.

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Ensuring the precision and repeatability of component assembly in the production of electric vehicle (EV) battery modules requires fast and accurate measuring methods. The durability of EV battery packs depends on the quality of welded connections, therefore exact positioning of the module components is critical for ensuring safety in exploitation. Laser welding is a non-contact process capable of welding dissimilar materials with high precision, for that reason it has become the preferred joining method in battery production. In high volume manufacturing, one of the main production challenges is reducing the time required for assessment of dimensional and geometrical accuracy prior to joining. This paper reviews the challenges of EV battery design and manufacturing and discusses commercially available scanner-based measurement systems suitable for fabrication of battery pack components. Versatility of novel metrological systems creates new opportunities for increasing the production speed, quality and safety of EV battery modules.

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32

Aafreen, Safiya, Jonathan Feng, Wenshen Wang, and Guanshu Liu. "Theranostic extracellular vesicles: a concise review of current imaging technologies and labeling strategies." Extracellular Vesicles and Circulating Nucleic Acids 4, no. 1 (2023): 107–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/evcna.2023.01.

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs), or exosomes, are naturally occurring nano- and micro-sized membrane vesicles playing an essential role in cell-to-cell communication. There is a recent increasing interest in harnessing the therapeutic potential of these natural nanoparticles to develop cell-free regenerative medicine and manufacture highly biocompatible and targeted drug and gene delivery vectors, amongst other applications. In the context of developing novel and effective EV-based therapy, imaging tools are of paramount importance as they can be used to not only elucidate the underlying mechanisms but also provide the basis for optimization and clinical translation. In this review, recent efforts and knowledge advances on EV-based therapies have been briefly introduced, followed by an outline of currently available labeling strategies by which EVs can be conjugated with various imaging agents and/or therapeutic drugs and genes. A comprehensive review of prevailing EV imaging technologies is then presented along with examples and applications, with emphasis on imaging probes and agents, corresponding labeling methods, and the pros and cons of each imaging modality. Finally, the potential of theranostic EVs as a powerful new weapon in the arsenal of regenerative medicine and nanomedicine is summarized and envisioned.

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G., Shwetha, and Guruswamy K P. "A Study on PWM Rectifier for Battery Charging Applications – A Review." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 11, no. 5 (June 30, 2022): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.e3608.0611522.

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Electric Vehicles (EV) are becoming more popular in present scenario because it can be easily charged using charger. Thus, the chargers play a vital role in EV vehicle. Hence, many distinct types of EV charging technologies have been developed so far. This paper reviewes an effective and quick charging approach which extends the life cycle of a battery with high charging efficiency. This article also presents about characteristics of charger in terms of converter topologies, modulation schemes and control algorithms.

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34

Anubhav S, Tony Sabu, Madhav Hari, and Joemon C.T. "Simulation of Graphene Battery and other Battery Technologies in an EV Powertrain." ARAI Journal of Mobility Technology 2, no. 4 (November 19, 2022): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ajmt.2.4.9.

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The motivation for this work is to find a better and efficient energy storage solution for electric vehicle. It is done by comparing the performance of three different batteries, which are: Lead Acid battery, Li-ion battery and Graphene battery. In this paper, an electric vehicle model is created in Simulink using MATLAB software. The constructed model is based on the existing electric car TATA Nexon EV. Also, unlike the real car the model presented has a different battery pack and the battery parameters such as SOC, current, voltage, distance, velocity, and weight are changed to carry out the comparison between different battery technologies. The model will be simulated to obtain data regarding vehicle performance, energy consumption and range on the new FTP75 test cycle. The obtained know-how will help on later improvements of the electric model regarding methods to improve the vehicle performance and the simulation helps to choose the right powertrain for the vehicle without carrying out any real-life experiments.

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35

M, Sumi, and Swathilakshmi P R. "A Detailed Analysis of Electric Vehicle Technology Advancements and Future Prospects." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 4 (April 30, 2023): 1003–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.50247.

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Abstract: The development of electric vehicles has surged in several nations in an effort to lessen reliance on oil and environmental damage[1]. A solution to the energy crisis and environmental problems is the adoption of EVs, particularly battery electric vehicles. This study offers a thorough analysis of the technical advancement of EVs and new technologies for use in the future. EV charging infrastructure, electric motors, batteries, charging technology, and electric motor control are all briefly discussed. As an additional contribution, this study also emphasises the technological difficulties and cutting-edge technologies for the future advancement of EV safety, dependability, and efficiency.

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36

Ivanov, Valentin, Klaus Augsburg, Carlos Bernad, Miguel Dhaens, Mathieu Dutré, Sebastian Gramstat, Pacôme Magnin, Viktor Schreiber, Urška Skrt, and Nick Van Kelecom. "Connected and Shared X-in-the-Loop Technologies for Electric Vehicle Design." World Electric Vehicle Journal 10, no. 4 (November 21, 2019): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj10040083.

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The presented paper introduces a new methodology of experimental testing procedures required by the complex systems of electric vehicles (EV). This methodology is based on real-time connection of test setups and platforms, which may be situated in different geographical locations, belong to various cyber-physical domains, and are united in a global X-in-the-loop (XIL) experimental environment. The proposed concept, called XILforEV, allows exploring interdependencies between various physical processes that can be identified or investigated in the process of EV development. The paper discusses the following relevant topics: global XILforEV architecture; realization of required high-confidence models using dynamic data driven application systems (DDDAS) and multi fidelity models (MFM) approaches; and formulation of case studies to illustrate XILforEV applications.

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37

Noman, Fuad, Ammar Ahmed Alkahtani, Vassilios Agelidis, Kiong Sieh Tiong, Gamal Alkawsi, and Janaka Ekanayake. "Wind-Energy-Powered Electric Vehicle Charging Stations: Resource Availability Data Analysis." Applied Sciences 10, no. 16 (August 14, 2020): 5654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10165654.

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The integration of large-scale wind farms and large-scale charging stations for electric vehicles (EVs) into electricity grids necessitates energy storage support for both technologies. Matching the variability of the energy generation of wind farms with the demand variability of the EVs could potentially minimize the size and need for expensive energy storage technologies required to stabilize the grid. This paper investigates the feasibility of using the wind as a direct energy source to power EV charging stations. An interval-based approach corresponding to the time slot taken for EV charging is introduced for wind energy conversion and analyzed using different constraints and criteria, including the wind speed averaging time interval, various turbines manufacturers, and standard high-resolution wind speed datasets. A quasi-continuous wind turbine’s output energy is performed using a piecewise recursive approach to measure the EV charging effectiveness. Wind turbine analysis using two years of wind speed data shows that the application of direct wind-to-EV is able to provide sufficient constant power to supply the large-scale charging stations. The results presented in this paper confirm that the potential of direct powering of EV charging stations by wind has merits and that research in this direction is worth pursuing.

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İsmət oğlu Cəfərov, İmran. "USE OF ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGIES IN PASSIVE HOUSE HEATING." SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 08, no. 4 (April 27, 2022): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2789-6919/08/199-202.

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Passiv evlərin, yəni enerjiyə qənaət edən evlərin əsas xüsusiyyətləri aşağı enerji istehlakının olmasıdır. Əksər inkişaf etmiş ölkələrin öz passiv ev standartı tələbləri mövcuddur. Passiv evin rahatlıq temperaturunu saxlamaq üçün heç bir xərc tələb etməyən müstəqil enerji sistemi olmalıdır. Passiv evin isidilməsi orada yaşayan insanların və məişət texnikasının yaratdığı istilik hesabına olmalıdır. Əlavə "aktiv" istilik tələb olunarsa, alternativ enerji mənbələrindən istifadə edilməlidir. Bu enerji mənbələrinə günəş enerjisini və istilik nasoslarını misal göstərmək olar. Açar sözlər: passiv ev, enerjiyə qənaət, istilik enerjisi, günəş enerjisi, istilik nasosu. Imran Ismat Jafarov USE OF ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGIES IN PASSIVE HOUSE HEATING Abstract The main feature of passive houses, ie energy-saving houses, is low energy consumption. Most developed countries have their own passive house standard requirements. A passive house should have an independent energy system at no cost to maintain a comfortable temperature. Passive house heating should be due to the heat generated by the people living there and household appliances. If additional "active" heating is required, alternative energy sources should be used. Examples of these energy sources are solar energy and heat pumps. Key words: passive house, energy saving, thermal energy, solar energy, heat pump.

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Nolan, John P., Daniel T. Chiu, and Joshua A. Welsh. "Rigor and reproducibility: status and challenges for single vesicle analysis." Extracellular Vesicles and Circulating Nucleic Acids 3, no. 3 (2022): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/evcna.2022.28.

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This report summarises the presentations and activities of the SELECTBIO Workshop on Rigor and Reproducibility in EV Research and Single EV Analysis held in San Diego, USA, in December 2021. The motivation for the session was the recognition that progress in the extracellular vesicle (EV) field is limited by the availability of rigorous and reproducible EV measurement tools. These tools are absolutely required for EVs to evolve from a research lab curiosity to something that will improve our ability to understand, diagnose, treat, and prevent disease. The program focused on guidelines for EV measurement and characterization as laid out in the recent MISEV2018 and MIFlowCyt-EV publications, their implementation in routine practice, and their continued evolution as new EV measurement technologies are introduced. The conclusion of the workshop was that more effort focused on pre-analytical issues and benchmarking of isolation methods is needed to strengthen collaborations and advance more effective biomarkers.

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40

Brenna, Morris, Federica Foiadelli, Carola Leone, and Michela Longo. "Electric Vehicles Charging Technology Review and Optimal Size Estimation." Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology 15, no. 6 (October 2, 2020): 2539–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42835-020-00547-x.

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Abstract Many different types of electric vehicle (EV) charging technologies are described in literature and implemented in practical applications. This paper presents an overview of the existing and proposed EV charging technologies in terms of converter topologies, power levels, power flow directions and charging control strategies. An overview of the main charging methods is presented as well, particularly the goal is to highlight an effective and fast charging technique for lithium ions batteries concerning prolonging cell cycle life and retaining high charging efficiency. Once presented the main important aspects of charging technologies and strategies, in the last part of this paper, through the use of genetic algorithm, the optimal size of the charging systems is estimated and, on the base of a sensitive analysis, the possible future trends in this field are finally valued.

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Elmeligy, Mohamed M., Mostafa F. Shaaban, Ahmed Azab, Maher A. Azzouz, and Mohamed Mokhtar. "A Mobile Energy Storage Unit Serving Multiple EV Charging Stations." Energies 14, no. 10 (May 20, 2021): 2969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102969.

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Due to the rapid increase in electric vehicles (EVs) globally, new technologies have emerged in recent years to meet the excess demand imposed on the power systems by EV charging. Among these technologies, a mobile energy storage system (MESS), which is a transportable storage system that provides various utility services, was used in this study to support several charging stations, in addition to supplying power to the grid during overload and on-peak hours. Thus, this paper proposes a new day-ahead optimal operation of a single MESS unit that serves several charging stations that share the same geographical area. The operational problem is formulated as a mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP), where the objective is to minimize the total operating cost of the parking lots (PLs). Two different case studies are simulated to highlight the effectiveness of the proposed system compared to the current approach.

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42

Palani, Geetha, Usha Sengamalai, Pradeep Vishnuram, and Benedetto Nastasi. "Challenges and Barriers of Wireless Charging Technologies for Electric Vehicles." Energies 16, no. 5 (February 22, 2023): 2138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16052138.

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Electric vehicles could be a significant aid in lowering greenhouse gas emissions. Even though extensive study has been done on the features and traits of electric vehicles and the nature of their charging infrastructure, network modeling for electric vehicle manufacturing has been limited and unchanging. The necessity of wireless electric vehicle charging, based on magnetic resonance coupling, drove the primary aims for this review work. Herein, we examined the basic theoretical framework for wireless power transmission systems for EV charging and performed a software-in-the-loop analysis, in addition to carrying out a performance analysis of an EV charging system based on magnetic resonance. This study also covered power pad designs and created workable remedies for the following issues: (i) how power pad positioning affected the function of wireless charging systems and (ii) how to develop strategies to keep power efficiency at its highest level. Moreover, safety features of wireless charging systems, owing to interruption from foreign objects and/or living objects, were analyzed, and solutions were proposed to ensure such systems would operate as safely and optimally as possible.

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Heeps, Graham. "Rising Fun." Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technology International 2019, no. 1 (July 2019): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s1467-5560(22)60024-1.

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Ma, Chunyan, Fan Jiang, Yifan Ma, Jinqiao Wang, Hongjuan Li, and Jingjing Zhang. "Isolation and Detection Technologies of Extracellular Vesicles and Application on Cancer Diagnostic." Dose-Response 17, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 155932581989100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559325819891004.

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The vast majority of cancers are treatable when diagnosed early. However, due to the elusive trace and the limitation of traditional biopsies, most cancers have already spread widely and are at advanced stages when they are first diagnosed, causing ever-increasing mortality in the past decades. Hence, developing reliable methods for early detection and diagnosis of cancer is indispensable. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs), as circulating phospholipid vesicles secreted by cells, are found to play significant roles in the intercellular communication as well as the setup of tumor microenvironments and have been identified as one of the key factors in the next-generation technique for cancer diagnosis. However, EVs present in complex biofluids that contain various contaminations such as nonvesicle proteins and nonspecific EVs, resulting in the interference of screening for desired biomarkers. Therefore, applicable isolation and enrichment methods that guarantee scale-up of sample volume, purity, speed, yield, and tumor specificity are necessary. In this review, we introduce current technologies for EV separation and summarize biomarkers toward EV-based cancer liquid biopsy. In conclusion, a novel systematic isolation method that guarantees high purity, recovery rate, and tumor specificity is still missing. Besides that, a dual-model EV-based clinical trial system includes isolation and detection is a hot trend in the future due to efficient point-of-care needs. In addition, cancer-related biomarkers discovery and biomarker database establishment are essential objectives in the research field for diagnostic settings.

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45

Aranzabal Santamaria, Itxaso, JULEN GOMEZ-CORNEJO BARRENA, IRAIDE LOPEZ ROPERO, PAULA CASTILLO, and AGURTZANE EXTEGARAI. "STATE OF THE ART OF THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE´S POWER MODULES COOLING TECHNOLOGIES." DYNA 98, no. 3 (May 1, 2023): 266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/10279.

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Nowadays, the electric vehicle (EV) is the best positioned option to massively replace traditional combustion engine cars in the market for medium and long term. Nevertheless, and despite such optimistic forecasts, there are still many factors that limit the expansion of its use; the current global EV stock corresponds to only 0.2% of the total number of passenger vehicles in circulation. As far as strictly technological factors are concerned, the EV must improve its efficiency. The density of the power demanded by the inverter modules of EVs is high and therefore, cooling plays a very important role in optimizing the operation and in the life spam of the device. Thus, its study is essential for an optimal performance. In this article, solutions to this problem are proposed, by analyzing new thermal management strategies and advanced cooling technologies that allow power electronics to be closer to meeting the objectives set. Consequently, an exhaustive review of the state of the art, current technologies and future trends of cooling techniques that will make possible the next generation of EVs will be carried out. The design aspects of the power module encapsulation will also be analyzed, in order to reduce the thermal resistance and thus increase the maximum allowable current. Keywords: Electric vehicle, power electronics, power electronics converter, cooling methods.

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46

Evelyn, Evelyn, Abd Rashid Abd Aziz, and Poetro Lebdo Sambegoro. "A Review of Range Extender Technologies in Electric Vehicles." International Journal of Sustainable Transportation Technology 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31427/ijstt.2020.3.1.2.

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With the increasing global concern on negative environmental effect from the transportation sector, conventional automobile technologies will not be viable for much longer. Countries like the EU and China have introduced emission related regulations which are stricter than ever. This has compelled automotive manufacturer to turn to Electric Vehicles (EV) as the most effective solution to this issue. There are mainly two types of EV, namely Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) and Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV). Both has its own strength and shortcomings, BEV with zero emission but limited range while HEV has better range at the expense of higher emission. Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) provides a midpoint between these options. This option provides the best of both worlds by allowing users to switch between both systems depending on the vehicle’s operating condition. This paper aims to presents a variety of Range Extender (RE) configurations based on its working principle and type of fuel used. Internal combustion engine, fuel cell, and microturbine are what RE is commonly powered by. The advantages and disadvantages are evaluated and compared to determine the optimal option. It was concluded that depending on fuel availability, space, and efficiency requirement, each configuration has its own merit.

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Schettini, Tommaso, Mauro dell’Amico, Francesca Fumero, Ola Jabali, and Federico Malucelli. "Locating and Sizing Electric Vehicle Chargers Considering Multiple Technologies." Energies 16, no. 10 (May 18, 2023): 4186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16104186.

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In order to foster electric vehicle (EV) adoption rates, the availability of a pervasive and efficient charging network is a crucial requirement. In this paper, we provide a decision support tool for helping policymakers to locate and size EV charging stations. We consider a multi-year planning horizon, taking into account different charging technologies and different time periods (day and night). Accounting for these features, we propose an optimization model that minimizes total investment costs while ensuring a predetermined adequate level of demand coverage. In particular, the setup of charging stations is optimized every year, allowing for an increase in the number of chargers installed at charging stations set up in previous years. We have developed a tailored heuristic algorithm for the resulting problem. We validated our algorithm using case study instances based on the village of Gardone Val Trompia (Italy), the city of Barcelona (Spain), and the country of Luxembourg. Despite the variability in the sizes of the considered instances, our algorithm consistently provided high-quality results in short computational times, when compared to a commercial MILP solver. Produced solutions achieved optimality gaps within 7.5% in less than 90 s, often achieving computational times of less than 5 s.

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48

Qiu, Lei, Xingzhu Liu, Libo Zhu, Liqiang Luo, Na Sun, and Renjun Pei. "Current Advances in Technologies for Single Extracellular Vesicle Analysis and Its Clinical Applications in Cancer Diagnosis." Biosensors 13, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13010129.

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been regarded as one of the most potential diagnostic biomarkers for different cancers, due to their unique physiological and pathological functions. However, it is still challenging to precisely analyze the contents and sources of EVs, due to their heterogeneity. Herein, we summarize the advances in technologies for a single EV analysis, which may provide new strategies to study the heterogeneity of EVs, as well as their cargo, more specifically. Furthermore, the applications of a single EV analysis on cancer early diagnosis are also discussed.

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49

Lo, Ting-Wen, Ziwen Zhu, Emma Purcell, Daniel Watza, Joyful Wang, Yoon-Tae Kang, Shruti Jolly, Deepak Nagrath, and Sunitha Nagrath. "Microfluidic device for high-throughput affinity-based isolation of extracellular vesicles." Lab on a Chip 20, no. 10 (2020): 1762–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9lc01190k.

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50

Bhattacharya, Purnendu, Asif Ali, Indrajit Mondal, and Prof Partha Sarathi Bose. "Design and Model Making of Electric Vehicle Charging Station." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): 2230–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.52026.

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Abstract: An EV charging station is a facility designed to supply electric power for charging electric vehicles (EVs). As the demand for EVs continues to grow due to their environmental benefits and cost savings, the demand for EV charging stations is increasing rapidly. This paper provides an abstract for an EV charging station, covering topics such as the different types of EV charging stations, their working principles, the importance of charging infrastructure, and the benefits of using EVs. The paper also discusses the challenges associated with the development and deployment of EV charging stations, including their cost, availability of charging points, and the need for standardization. Furthermore, the paper presents some possible solutions to overcome these challenges, such as promoting government incentives, adopting innovative technologies, and increasing collaboration among industry stakeholders. Overall, the paper provides an insightful overview of EV charging stations, highlighting the importance of these facilities for the widespread adoption of EVs and the transition to a sustainable transportation system.

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