Статті в журналах: "EV MARKET"

1

Dodig, Ante, and Milica Bugarčić. "Capital market efficiency in transitioning Southeastern European countries." Ekonomski vjesnik 36, no. 1 (2023): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.51680/ev.36.1.5.

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Purpose: This paper is a continuation of research in the series that examines the weak form of the efficient capital markets theorem in Southeast European transitioning economies. Model modifications are based on learnings through the previously established inapplicability of foreign exchange metrics. At the same time, the model is being expanded by incorporating new research markets, extending the time coverage to the longest duration to date, between 2005 and 2021, to cover economic bust and recovery periods and research inherent improvements in the capital market context, and adding new variables to provide more sturdiness and conclusiveness. Methodology: The paper applies the panel pooled mean group estimator by aggregating cross-country data. By using level series prime data instead of differentials, this method enables efficient use of information and resolves at best the identified market shallowness. Results: The statistical results of empirical research infer the inefficiency of the investigated markets with greater robustness and supplementary new information revealing more powerful corrective investor and policy behavior in collectively more mature markets. Conclusions: The findings firmly reiterate subpar capital markets performance in a prolonged and more comprehensive environment. The recommendations conclusively emphasize the importance of structural reforms to support sustainability through elementary setup drivers, such as transparency, governance, judiciary productivity, and policy support, inter alia.

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2

Jošić, Hrvoje, and Berislav Žmuk. "Modeling stock market volatility in Croatia." Ekonomski vjesnik 34, no. 2 (2021): 431–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.51680/ev.34.2.14.

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Purpose: In this paper, the volatility of the Croatian stock market index CROBEX is investigated using the GARCH(1,1) model. Methodology: The novelty provided by this paper is the estimation of the GARCH(1,1) model by using three conditional error distributions (normal (Gaussian) distribution, Student’s-distribution with fixed degrees of freedom and generalized error distribution (GED) with fixed parameters). Results: The findings obtained in the research are in the line with previous research in this field (Erjavec & Cota, 2007; Sajter & Ćorić, 2009). The volatility of CROBEX returns is positively correlated with the volume of trade on the Zagreb Stock Exchange and movements on the main European and American stock markets. The movement of S&P 500 stock market index returns is transmitted from the previous day, providing signals for the direction of change of CROBEX index returns in the present. Conclusion: Therefore, this paper provides evidence that investors in Croatia strongly rely on the past information received from the American S&P500 stock market index. Furthermore, there seems to exist the co-movement between CROBEX and main European indexes on the same trading day.

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3

Shen, Bowen. "Competitive Strategies for OTA Services: Adapting the Strategic Clock for Tesla." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 11 (May 9, 2023): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v11i.7937.

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The electronic vehicle (EV) market is radically growing in the automotive industry, while OTA services have become one of the main focuses of EV companies’ competition. By applying the “strategic clock” model, this article analyzes feasible competitive strategies for Tesla’s OTA services and gives possible suggestions for EV companies to optimize their OTA services. The author first introduces Tesla's OTA services' content and pricing strategies. And then, feasible strategies are analyzed in 8 paths in the “strategic clock”. Finally, the previous analysis proposes several suggestions for Tesla and other companies to develop their OTA services. This article may play a positive role in the EV industry by improving competitiveness in OTA services. As the EV market grows, the EV markets will witness fierce competition in OTA services in the future.

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4

Lemire, Sebastian, Leslie A. Fierro, Alana R. Kinarsky, Emi Fujita-Conrads, and Christina A. Christie. "The U.S. Federal Evaluation Market." New Directions for Evaluation 2018, no. 160 (September 7, 2018): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ev.20343.

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5

Darak, Siddhesh, and Divya Bhanushali. "Current Indian Car Market and EV Adaptation." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 1368–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.48213.

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6

HATTA, Hiroyuki. "Market Potential of Demand Response Using EV." Journal of The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan 143, no. 9 (September 1, 2023): 572–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejjournal.143.572.

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7

Fu, Yining. "The Influence of Consumption Subsidy Policy on Chinas Domestic Electric Vehicle Market -- Take BYD as Example." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 23, no. 1 (September 13, 2023): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/23/20230374.

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Chinas consumption subsidy policy is considered as a dominant factor in promoting the development of the domestic electric vehicle (EV) market, and companies like BYD have benefited from this policy. BYD, one of the leading EV manufacturers in China, has seen significant growth in EV sales since introducing the subsidy policy. This paper examines the influence that Chinas EV subsidy policy brings to BYD, highlighting the pros and cons of the policy and the challenges and opportunities faced by EV manufacturers in China. Specifically, the policy has helped to make EVs more affordable and accessible to consumers, but it has also led to overcapacity and intense competition among manufacturers. The policy has also been criticized for being too heavily focused on subsidies and insufficient on other measures, such as infrastructure development, necessary for the EV markets growth. By examining the subsidy policies and market performance of BYD, this paper highlights the effectiveness as well as drawbacks of the subsidy policy and the challenges and opportunities faced by EV manufacturers in China.

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8

Kern, Timo, Patrick Dossow, and Serafin von Roon. "Integrating Bidirectionally Chargeable Electric Vehicles into the Electricity Markets." Energies 13, no. 21 (November 6, 2020): 5812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215812.

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Replacing traditional internal combustion engine vehicles with electric vehicles (EVs) proves to be challenging for the transport sector, particularly due to the higher initial investment. As EVs could be more profitable by participating in the electricity markets, the aim of this paper is to investigate revenue potentials when marketing bidirectionally chargeable electric vehicles in the spot market. To simulate a realistic marketing behavior of electric vehicles, a mixed integer linear, rolling horizon optimization model is formulated considering real trading times in the day-ahead and intraday market. Results suggest that revenue potentials are strongly dependent on the EV pool, the user behavior and the regulatory framework. Modeled potential revenues of EVs of current average size marketed with 2019 German day-ahead prices are found to be at around 200 €/EV/a, which is comparable to other findings in literature, and go up to 500 €/EV/a for consecutive trading in German day-ahead and intraday markets. For future EVs with larger batteries and higher efficiencies, potential revenues for current market prices can reach up to 1300 €/EV/a. This study finds that revenues differ widely for different European countries and future perspectives. The identified revenues give EV owners a clear incentive to participate in vehicle-to-grid use cases, thereby increasing much needed flexibility for the energy system of the future.

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9

Brdulak, Anna, Grażyna Chaberek, and Jacek Jagodziński. "BASS Model Analysis in “Crossing the Chasm” in E-Cars Innovation Diffusion Scenarios." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 31, 2021): 3216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113216.

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In the face of contemporary ecological problems, including the influence of transport and mobility on the greenhouse effect, policy makers see a solution in the technology of electric vehicles (EVs). This innovation has appeared in the automotive market around the world. In this article, Rogers’ innovation diffusion concept was used to determine if and when EVs could replace combustion engine vehicles. The aim of the article is to analyze the current situation of innovative electric vehicle (EV) technology on the European Union (EU) market and the potential and possible directions of its market diffusion. As a result of the analysis of the current situation of the EU automotive markets, three groups of countries with different market conditions regarding the development of EV technology were distinguished. The classification was carried out using the K-means clustering algorithm, based on the current level of innovation and the level of development of the LPG-(Liquefied Petroleum Gas) powered car market. Then, a group of countries with the greatest advancement in EV technology was selected for further research and market diffusion scenarios were created for this innovation using the Bass model, assuming the target market size of 70–100% of all passenger cars.

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10

Ahuja, Jyoti, Louis Dawson, and Robert Lee. "A circular economy for electric vehicle batteries: driving the change." Journal of Property, Planning and Environmental Law 12, no. 3 (August 26, 2020): 235–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jppel-02-2020-0011.

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Purpose With the UK’s accelerating plans to transition to electric mobility, this paper aims to highlight the need for policies to prepare for appropriate management of electric vehicle (EV) lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) as they reach the end of their life. Design/methodology/approach This is a regulatory review based on projections of EV LIBs coming off the market and associated problems of waste management together with the development of a servitisation model. Findings Circular economy in EV LIBs is unlikely to shape itself because LIB recycling is challenging and still in development. LIB volumes are insufficient for recycling to be currently profitable, and a circular economy here will need to be driven by regulatory intervention. Ignoring the problem carries potentially high environmental and health costs. This paper offers potential solutions through new EV ownership models to facilitate a circular economy. Research limitations/implications The authors suggest a new EV ownership model. However, despite environmental benefits, re-shaping the fundamentals of market economies can have disruptive effects on current markets. Therefore, further exploration of this topic is needed. Also, the data presented is based on future projections of EV markets, battery lifespan, etc., which are uncertain at present. These are to be taken as estimates only. Originality/value The paper proposes regulatory interventions or incentives to fundamentally change consumer ideas of property ownership for EVs, so that EV automotive batteries remain the property of the manufacturer even when the consumer owns the car.

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11

Nuriakhmetov, Ye I., and L. V. Sliusareva. "Specifics of e-procurement market development in Ukraine." Economic Bulletin of the National Mining University 69 (2020): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/ev/69.030.

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12

Ginsburg, Alan. "Meeting the market for quality evaluation in education." New Directions for Program Evaluation 1992, no. 55 (1992): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ev.1617.

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13

Lahey, Robert, Catherine Elliott, and Sarah Heath. "The Evolving Market for Systematic Evaluation in Canada." New Directions for Evaluation 2018, no. 160 (September 7, 2018): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ev.20346.

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14

Davies, Philip, Stephen Morris, and Christopher Fox. "The Evaluation Market and Its Industry in England." New Directions for Evaluation 2018, no. 160 (September 7, 2018): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ev.20347.

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15

W, He. "Recycling Potential for Waste Electric Vehicle Lithium - ion Batteries in China." Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics 2, no. 4 (2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000129.

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The number of waste EV LIBs (electric vehicle lithium - ion batteries) has been increasing in China. Reasonable disposal of waste EV LIBs has becoming a new research hotspot. In this paper, the current status of the generation of waste EV LIBs of China is analyzed, and the treatment strategy and recycling market potential of waste EV LIBs are introduced. And some recommendat ions were given for the existing problems in the waste EV LIBs recycling market.

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16

Benson, J. "Success in booming EV market hinges on readiness." Engineering & Technology 17, no. 2 (March 1, 2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et.2022.0206.

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17

Gopinathan, Nandan, and Prabhakar Karthikeyan Shanmugam. "Energy Anxiety in Decentralized Electricity Markets: A Critical Review on EV Models." Energies 15, no. 14 (July 19, 2022): 5230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145230.

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The automobile sector is a promising avenue for enhancing energy security, economic opportunity, and air quality in India. Before penetrating a large number of electric vehicles (EV) into the power grid, a thorough investigation and assessment of significant parameters are required, as additional nonlinear and EV loads are linked to the decentralized market. Many automobile companies have already invested in electric vehicle research; hence, a detailed analysis on range anxiety and grid connectivity concerns are the important factors affecting the future of the electric vehicle industry. In this paper, the initial review is about the decentralized market in India and sustainable aspects of electric mobility based on the Indian context, as it is a developing nation with an enormous resource and scope for EV markets. With recent literature from the last three years, the substantial constraints observed in benefits and challenges are reviewed. The financial stability aspects and the incentives to overcome the barriers to EV adoption are briefly discussed. From the review, it has come to the limelight that infrastructure availability, technology, load demand, and consumer behaviour are all major obstacles in the electric vehicle ecosystem. For the overall design and study of the vehicle to grid (V2G) infrastructure, this paper also provides insight into the representation of electric vehicles in different energy-efficient models and their categorization while connecting to the grid. The methodology adopted for energy-efficient models includes lifecycle emissions, economy, smart charging, real-time optimization, aggregated EV resource modelling, and a support vector machine (SVM)-based method. This paper gives a positive impact on EV fleet integration and electric mobility in general, as it critically reviews the influential parameters and challenges. This classification depends on crucial parameters that are at the frontline of EV grid integration research. This review is a solution to enhance grid stability in regard to new EV models. With the advanced electric motors development and renewed battery technology models, longer-distance automobiles are now available on the market. This paper investigates the constraints of EV grid integration and analyzes different EV models to ease the grid stability for a decentralized market.

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18

Tiwari, Abhinav, and Hany Farag. "Analysis and Modeling of Value Creation Opportunities and Governing Factors for Electric Vehicle Proliferation." Energies 16, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010438.

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This research presents a comprehensive analysis of electric vehicle (EV) proliferation factors and various monetary and non-monetary value streams emerging in the EV domain. A comprehensive mathematical model is implemented to study EV proliferation and the resulting market share applicable to any geography and jurisdictional regime. Further, a novel framework is presented to analyze the interdependency between EV proliferation factors and value streams. The proposed model and framework can be leveraged to quantifiably evaluate the timeline available for grid operators to accommodate EV growth while utilizing those as Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) to improve grid reliability, commercial value, and environmental benefits. Compared to the previous studies, the analysis indicated that if all the factors which impact EV proliferation are addressed simultaneously, EV market share can surpass the internal combustion engine vehicle (ICV) in as quickly as 15–20 years. The study also highlighted the importance of policy making around EVs, which can offset EV market share by up to 10% between two countries following similar sustainability goals. Therefore, the study also helps aid decision making around policies and technology investments by public and private sector organizations in the space of EV.

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19

Jacob, Rudolph A., Samir El-Gazzar, and Scott McGregor. "Evolution of financial reporting of life insurers." Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance 25, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 56–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfrc-02-2016-0012.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine the capital market effects and predominance of unregulated embedded value (EV) financial reporting in the life insurance industry in foreign domestic markets, and US markets for foreign firms that cross-list in the USA. Design/methodology/approach Recent empirical archival data are analyzed and evaluated to determine the incremental and relative value relevance of an unregulated valuation metric that is disclosed by life insurers. Findings The findings support the proposition that EV is valuable supplemental information in foreign domestic markets, and in US markets for foreign life insurers that cross-list in the USA. Given that International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) are engaged in projects to improve accounting standard for insurance companies, and have faced criticism with the existing drafts on this issue, the two institutions ought to consider the valuation relevance of EV disclosures. Moreover, this analysis strongly suggests that financial analysts in the USA should consider EV in valuing life insurers’ stocks. Practical implications The findings discussed in this paper are of special interest to financial reporting policy makers, financial analysts, firm compensation committees and managers, and academics. Originality/value This paper contributes to the extant literature by providing recent evidence that suggests that EV, an unregulated fair value market-driven metric, is more value-relevant than traditional earnings metrics such as earnings and book value. It is the only study that we are cognizant of that critically examines the recent empirical literature on this evolving issue.

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20

Zhang, Huai Ge. "Research on Developing Countermeasures of the EV Industry in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 878–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.878.

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Through the present situation research to the development of EV in China, analyzed of China's EV with a foreign related technology gap, EV development related facilities and EV marketing problems, combined with the development of our country market is actual, discussed EV technology innovation, EV infrastructure the construction and management and to improve the EV industry policy countermeasures.

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21

Xue, Chenlei, Huaguo Zhou, Qunqi Wu, Xueying Wu, and Xingbo Xu. "Impact of Incentive Policies and Other Socio-Economic Factors on Electric Vehicle Market Share: A Panel Data Analysis from the 20 Countries." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 8, 2021): 2928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052928.

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Under the strong support of policies and incentives, the global electric vehicle (EV) market has been developing rapidly. However, in the context of the overall EV market boom, the promotion policies and incentives for consumers to adopt EVs differ from country to country. It is worth exploring the key factors that affect market share and adoption of EVs, such as incentives, policies, and additional socio-economic factors. The data on EV market share and information on policies and incentives in 20 countries were collected from the published reports and online resources from 2015 to 2019. Random effects model analysis was conducted to explore the effect of various factors on EV market share. The innovation of this article is to combine incentive policies with socio-economic factors and use panel data to analyze the actual adoption behavior of the global EV market. Results show that the tax reduction policy, charger density, and income have significantly positive effects on the penetration of EVs. Thus, it suggested that government should still maintain tax incentives and focus on the deployment of charging infrastructure. Household income, as a socio-economic factor, also plays an important role in the adoption of EVs. This will help policymakers adjust and improve policy emphasis to promote the adoption of EVs.

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Hasan, Saiful, and Terje Andreas Mathisen. "Policy measures for electric vehicle adoption. A review of evidence from Norway and China." ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, no. 1 (November 2020): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/efe2020-001003.

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Purpose To mitigate energy and environmental challenges, several countries worldwide are considering different policies to promote the use of electric vehicles (EVs). Consequently, the necessity of studies focusing on the important and effective EV policy measures are develop-ing as policymakers are seeking to prioritize the policy measures based on their usefulness to achieve mass EV adoption. This study reviews evidence from China and Norway to identify factors that could substantially accelerate demand for EVs. Method We emphasize the cases of Norway and China, as these countries have already initiat-ed incentive-strong policies to accelerate EV's acceptance in their market and have succeeded considerably in improving their EV market share during the early adoption phases. The find-ings and discussion of this study is principally based on the reviewed literature of related poli-cy measures and two cases of successful EV uptake policies, Findings The evidence points at the significance of EV policy measures such as purchase-based and use-based incentives, availability of publicly accessible charging infrastructures, availability of EVs in the local market and collective communication measures. As findings, we have developed a general framework of essential EV policy measures. The reviewed litera-ture and cases suggest that publicly accessible charging infrastructures and financial incentives play crucial role in uptake. Conclusion Our study suggests that to accelerate EV penetration in the market, it is required the policymakers to pay more attention to the policy measures included in our general frame-work. However, the magnitude of the influences and interplay between these policy measures may differ between regions and on the context. Hence, policymakers should reconsider and restructure the EV polices after a certain level of EV-uptake is realized in the market.

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23

Yatsentyuk, S. V. "Marketing branding strategies in the education market: aspects of competitiveness." Economic Bulletin of the National Mining University 66 (2019): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/ev/66.123.

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24

Mastylo, A. Ya. "Main areas of improvement of intellectual property market in Ukraine." Economic Bulletin of the National Mining University 67 (2019): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/ev/67.058.

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25

Shyshkov, S. E., and N. L. Shyshkova. "Prospects of audit activity on the capital market of Ukraine." Economic Bulletin of the National Mining University 70 (2020): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/ev/70.075.

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BRADSHAW, MELISSA. "WAE and Italdesign partner for EV solution." Engineer 302, no. 7928 (June 2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s0013-7758(22)90468-4.

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Anthopoulos, Leonidas, and Polytimi Kolovou. "A Multi-Criteria Decision Process for EV Charging Stations’ Deployment: Findings from Greece." Energies 14, no. 17 (September 1, 2021): 5441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175441.

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Electro-mobility (EV) is an emerging transportation method, whose charging infrastructure development concerns a key-factor for its growth. EV charging infrastructure has not grown yet in Greece, regardless of the ambitious national targets that have been grounded for 2030 towards a climate-neutral mobility. This study introduces a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework for EV charging infrastructure deployment and operation, which respects both the economic and the technical aspects for public charging stations. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was followed for the MCDM framework’s definition, which used criteria that were in the corresponding literature and performed with interviews by experts from the EV growing market in Greece. The results show that the installation and operation of public EV charging stations, located in private spaces to ensure their protection against vandalism, within the urban areas is the preferred deployment approach. Moreover, this article tests a market model for the EV charging infrastructure ownership and operation. Findings show that the incentive for investment in EV charging infrastructure market in Greece, is driven by the direct investments of limited vendors, while it is not economically oriented, but it focuses on sustainability and environmental protection.

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Rashidizadeh-Kermani, Homa, Hamid Najafi, Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam, and Josep Guerrero. "Optimal Decision-Making Strategy of an Electric Vehicle Aggregator in Short-Term Electricity Markets." Energies 11, no. 9 (September 12, 2018): 2413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092413.

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This paper proposes the problem of decision making of an electric vehicle (EV) aggregator in a competitive market in the presence of different uncertain resources. In the proposed model, a bi-level problem is formulated where, in the upper-level, the objective of the aggregator is to maximize its expected profit through its interactions and, in the lower-level, the EV owners minimize their payments. Therefore, the objectives of the upper and the lower-level are contrary. To solve the obtained nonlinear bi-level program, Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions and strong duality are applied to transform the initial problem into a linear single-level problem. Moreover, to deal with various uncertainties, including market prices, EVs charge/discharge demands and the prices offered by rivals, a risk measurement tool is incorporated into the problem. The proposed model is finally applied to a test system and its effectiveness is evaluated. Simulation results show that the proposed approach has the potential to offer significant benefits to the aggregator and EV owners for better decision-making in an uncertain environment. During different situations, it is observed that with increasing risk-aversion factor, as the aggregator tries to hedge against volatilities, its purchases from day-ahead and negative balancing markets decreases significantly. However, the participation of EV aggregator in the positive balancing market increases accordingly to make more profit.

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WADE, ANDREW. "OVERNIGHT CHARGING KEY TO UNLOCKING EV MARKET, SAYS REPORT." Engineer 300, no. 7916 (April 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s0013-7758(22)90382-4.

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Hildermeier, Kolokathis, Rosenow, Hogan, Wiese, and Jahn. "Smart EV Charging: A Global Review of Promising Practices." World Electric Vehicle Journal 10, no. 4 (November 18, 2019): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj10040080.

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The electrification of transport in Europe is in the early stages of a market transformation that has the potential to significantly cut emissions in both the transportation and energy sectors, while generating wider benefits for society. The research underpinning this study finds that the greatest value from integrating electric vehicles (EVs) into the power grid can be generated by charging them when and where it is most beneficial for the power system, while ensuring consumers’ mobility needs are met at an affordable cost. An emerging body of research on electric vehicle grid integration focuses on modeling the cost of integration under various scenarios, but few studies look at the existing promising practices that are based on policy tools in use today. The authors of this study conducted a qualitative review of policies for EV grid integration in the EU and U.S. markets. We found that, in order to unlock the environmental and economic opportunities associated with market uptake, three policy strategies are most effective: costreflective pricing, intelligent technology, and integrated infrastructure planning. The study also explores the implications of these practices for policymakers and regulators in the EU.

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Canals Casals, Lluc, Beatriz Amante García, and Lázaro V. Cremades. "Electric vehicle battery reuse: Preparing for a second life." Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 10, no. 2 (May 15, 2017): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem.2009.

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Purpose: On pursue of economic revenue, the second life of electric vehicle batteries is closer to reality. Common electric vehicles reach the end of life when batteries loss between a 20 or 30% of its capacity. However, battery technology is evolving fast and the next generation of electric vehicles will have between 300 and 400 km range. This study will analyze different End of Life scenarios according to battery capacity and their possible second life’s opportunities. Additionally, an analysis of the electric vehicle market will define possible locations for battery repurposing or remanufacturing plants.Design/methodology/approach: Calculating the barycenter of the electric vehicle market offers an optimal location to settle the battery repurposing plant from a logistic and environmental perspective.This paper presents several possible applications and remanufacture processes of EV batteries according to the state of health after their collection, analyzing both the direct reuse of the battery and the module dismantling strategy.Findings: The study presents that Netherlands is the best location for installing a battery repurposing plant because of its closeness to EV manufacturers and the potential European EV markets, observing a strong relation between the EV market share and the income per capita.15% of the batteries may be send back to the an EV as a reposition battery, 60% will be prepared for stationary or high capacity installations such as grid services, residential use, Hybrid trucks or electric boats, and finally, the remaining 25% is to be dismantled into modules or cells for smaller applications, such as bicycles or assisting robots.Originality/value: Most of studies related to the EV battery reuse take for granted that they will all have an 80% of its capacity. This study analyzes and proposes a distribution of battery reception and presents different 2nd life alternatives according to their state of health.

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Pavić Kramarić, Tomislava, and Marko Miletić. "What are the factors that determine risk-adjusted returns of Croatian life insurers?" Ekonomski vjesnik 36, no. 1 (2023): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.51680/ev.36.1.15.

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Purpose: When conducting their business, insurers face various risks that are controlled for in order to mitigate them and protect the insured, inter alia. Moreover, being aware of the factors that determine the reward-to-risk ratio for insurers is also of crucial importance. Thus, the aim of this research is to identify potential factors that influence risk-adjusted returns of life insurance companies. Methodology: The analysis is conducted on a sample of life insurers that operated in Croatia in the period from 2016 to 2020. For this purpose, risk-adjusted ROA, i.e. the Sharpe ratio, is used as a risk-adjusted return measure, while independent variables encompass several insurance firm-oriented and insurance industry-specific variables, as well as variables depicting the level of macroeconomic development, stock market, bond market and institutional development. Results: After conducting dynamic panel analysis, the obtained results suggest that the premium growth rate, asset-based size, the net premium to surplus ratio, i.e. leverage, as well as bond market development are significant factors when determining risk-adjusted returns. Conclusion: Risk-adjusted returns are determined by insurance firm-oriented factors which are important not only to investors but also to insurance market regulators and insurance firm managers.

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Zou, Dazhong, Gang Zhang, Shuai Lu, and Yinping Dai. "Micro-market Operation Strategy Based on Two-way Bidding of Electric Vehicles and Battery Energy Storage." E3S Web of Conferences 236 (2021): 02019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123602019.

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To solve the problem that charging is constrained by the capacity of distribution facilities under high penetration of electric vehicles (EVs), this paper proposes to improve EV charging capacity through battery energy storage (BES) and presents the design of a locally organized market, namely micro-market, that manages the energy transactions between EVs and the BES. When the load of a distribution system approaches its limit, additional EV charging demand is met by the BES, and the price is determined in an automated two-way bidding process. This mechanism can increase EV charging capacity as well as provide an additional revenue stream for the BES in distribution systems. The presented micro-market design ensures the balance between revenue and expenditure of market participants. The organization and settlement process of the micro-market are demonstrated using an example case, and the effectiveness of the design is proved.

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Igrejas, Rafael, Raphael Braga Da Silva, Marcelo Cabus Klotzle, Antonio Carlos Figueiredo Pinto, and Paulo Vitor Jordão da Gama Silva. "Enterprise Multiple and Future Returns of the Brazilian Stock Market." REBRAE 10, no. 3 (August 23, 2017): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/rebrae.10.003.ao06.

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The estimation of cross-section returns for defining investment strategies based on financial multiples has been proven to be relevant following Fama and French’s (1992) research. One of the challenges for such studies is to identify the main variables that are suitable for explaining the returns in a particular context because the variables that are widely used in developed markets behave differently in emerging countries. In this study, we analyze the predictive power of the EV/EBITDA multiple in the context of the Brazilian stock market. The results show that the analyzed multiple has a strong relationship with the future returns of companies listed on the BM&F BOVESPA index between 2005 and 2013. For the period under review, the investment strategy of purchasing stocks when EV/EBITDA was low and selling stocks when EV/EBITDA was high showed abnormal returns of 15.94% per year, even after controlling for risk factors.

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Lemire, Sebastian, Steffen Bohni Nielsen, and Christina A. Christie. "Toward Understanding the Evaluation Market and its Industry-Advancing a Research Agenda." New Directions for Evaluation 2018, no. 160 (September 7, 2018): 145–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ev.20339.

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Goncearuc, Andrei, Nikolaos Sapountzoglou, Cedric De Cauwer, Thierry Coosemans, Maarten Messagie, and Thomas Crispeels. "Business Model Quantification Framework for the Core Participants of the EV Charging Market." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 4 (November 10, 2021): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12040229.

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The rapid growth of the electrical vehicle (EV) market over the last decade has rendered the existence and accuracy of the business models of the EV charging market a critical factor for a company’s success. To address this issue, this paper presents a quantification framework for the business models of the core participants of the EV charging market, defining the factors that directly influence their revenues and costs and providing two sets of earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) formulas: explicit and implicit. The explicit formulas would be useful for business analytics of the current participants of the EV charging market, while the implicit could be applied by the new entrants, to make reliable predictions based on the benchmark data. These formulas include factors that have not been previously addressed in the literature such as different prices per type of charger, the annual consumed amount of energy per charger and their utilization rate among others. Finally, this research applies the defined framework on an EBIT scenario of an archetypical charge point operator, based on real-life data.

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Pandey, Rudresh, Sushant Kumar Vishnoi, Swarn Tiwari, Amarachi Onukele, and Himanshu Kumar Gupta. "EV Markets: A Comparative Analysis between India & Nigeria." Journal of International Conference Proceedings 6, no. 4 (October 12, 2023): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32535/jicp.v6i4.2577.

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This study conducts a thorough comparative analysis of the Electric Vehicle (EV) markets in India and Nigeria, two emerging economies with distinct socio-economic and infrastructural profiles. The primary objective is to comprehensively understand the factors influencing EV adoption for the consumers in these nations. We meticulously examine consumer preferences, purchasing barriers, and government role, highlighting the unique challenges in each context. We delve into the economic and policy-driven influences on the EV landscape, emphasizing Economic Factors and Economic reforms for EV in both nations. We evaluate policy frameworks in the context of national development goals and environmental objectives, encompassing Government plans and financial perks. This study also emphasizing domestic economic growth potentials. The study employs a structured questionnaire distributed to 100 respondents, resulting in 60 valid responses. This questionnaire includes 19 items for the study which are taken under to analyze or examine on the basis of Electric Vehicle (EV) Market of India and Nigeria.

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Wang, Yu Ning, Hui Ming Zeng, Bing Qing Tang, and Bin Xiang Hu. "System Dynamics Modeling for China's EV Development Strategy." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 278–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.278.

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Due to mandatory emission reduction and rising oil prices electric vehicles are about to be introduced in mass markets. This paper presents a system dynamics model of Chinas development strategy of electric vehicle industry. The focus of the paper is to study the influence of four major dynamic factors government policies, technology innovation, market demand and competitive ability. It gives an overall scenario of the development and highlights the major problems faced by Chinese electric vehicles industry, and how SD modeling can be used for the analysis of the industry developing policy. The model has been used to simulate the influence of these dynamic factors for 20 years, and a serious of policy tests and some useful policy suggestions were put forward. The result suggested that government support will still play a key role in a long-term.

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Wang, Yu Ning, Hui Ming Zeng, Bin Qing Tang, and Bin Xiang Hu. "System Dynamics Modeling for China's EV Development Strategy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 378 (August 2013): 483–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.378.483.

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Due to mandatory emission reduction and rising oil prices electric vehicles are about to be introduced in mass markets. This paper presents a system dynamics model of Chinas development strategy of electric vehicle industry. The focus of the paper is to study the influence of four major dynamic factors government policies, technology innovation, market demand and competitive ability. It gives an overall scenario of the development and highlights the major problems faced by Chinese electric vehicles industry, and how SD modeling can be used for the analysis of the industry developing policy. The model has been used to simulate the influence of these dynamic factors for 20 years, and a serious of policy tests and some useful policy suggestions were put forward. The result suggested that government support will still play a key role in a long-term.

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40

Liu, Chang. "Comparison of Corporate Strategies Adopted by Tesla and BYD." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 25, no. 1 (September 13, 2023): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/25/20230494.

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In todays increasingly saturated markets, companies must innovate and develop distinct corporate strategies to ensure survival and growth. The new energy automotive industry, as an emerging sector, requires companies to establish a unique identity and value proposition. Consequently, this study compares and analyzes Tesla and BYD, two prominent players in the electric vehicle (EV) market, to explore their respective innovations across various domains. The paper examines the strategies of these two companies in the areas of economic innovation, human resource management, financial resource management, marketing strategy, and market environment. Both companies have successfully implemented innovative strategies to maintain their position as market leaders. Tesla has focused on economic innovation, financial discipline, and innovative marketing, while BYD has taken a more diversified approach, emphasizing a strong company culture and commitment to sustainable solutions. Despite their differences, both companies have been successful in competing in the EV industry by leveraging their respective strengths and taking advantage of opportunities in the marketplace.

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Kampker, Achim, Heiner H. Heimes, Christian Offermanns, Moritz H. Frieges, Maximilian Graaf, Natalia Soldan Cattani, and Benedikt Späth. "Cost-Benefit Analysis of Downstream Applications for Retired Electric Vehicle Batteries." World Electric Vehicle Journal 14, no. 4 (April 14, 2023): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj14040110.

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Mass transport conversion to an electrified powertrain requires suitable strategies for processing electric vehicle (EV) batteries after their intended first service life. Due to aging mechanisms, EV batteries lose capacity over their period of use and become unsuitable for their initial application at some point. However, to expand their lifetime and to meet the sustainability demand for EVs, the usage of these batteries in so-called Re-X applications is under intense discussion. Until now, downstream processing has been subject to high uncertainty regarding the expected advances. While many issues on the technical and ecological side have been at least partially resolved, the economics are still under assessment. For this reason, this paper intends to give a well-based outlook on the costs and benefits of three chosen scenarios: reuse, repurpose, and recycle. It is expected that under the given national policies and global market conditions, growing quantities of retired EV batteries will return from the transportation markets. Consequently, the market potential for retired batteries in downstream applications will significantly increase, as well as calls for stable solutions.

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Yeh, Jen-Yin, and Yu-Ting Wang. "A Prediction Model for Electric Vehicle Sales Using Machine Learning Approaches." Journal of Global Information Management 31, no. 1 (July 31, 2023): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgim.327277.

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The electric vehicle (EV) market is booming, but EV market trends vary by region. This study draws on the environmental, economic, and human development factors of 31 countries to predict sales of EVs. Based on machine learning (ML) algorithms and the PLS method, the authors constructed an EV sales performance prediction model and carried out the experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that ML algorithms can effectively achieve the desired accuracy and predictive performance levels. At the same time, this study investigates the relationship between quality training indicators and EV sales. CO2 emissions, PM2.5, consumer price index (CPI), renewable energy, and life expectancy are found to be significantly positive related to EV sales. The proposed model can be used globally by governments as a decision support tool to impose policies encouraging the adoption of EVs and develop sustainable strategies.

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Trigubchenko, A. V. "Features of macro-economic indicators of overbuying and reselling of the stock market." Economic Bulletin of the National Mining University 70 (2020): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/ev/70.097.

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Gu, Huaying, and Chaoqun Han. "Analysis of China’s Pure Electric Vehicle Sales Based on Spatial Econometric Models." International Journal of Economics and Finance 13, no. 1 (December 5, 2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v13n1p12.

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This paper empirically investigates the spatial dependence and serial correlation structures among different China’s brands of pure electric vehicle (EV) sales using spatial econometric models. Based on the newly proposed economic distance spatial weight matrix, the empirical results show that EV endurance mileage, power battery capacity, charging time, government subsidy, retail price, and each brand market share have important impacts on EV sales. The per capita disposable income of urban households, gasoline price, loan rate and the number of charging pile are statistically significant determinants of EV sales. In particular, the improvements of the number of charging pile and the rise of gasoline price can increase EV sales, while the rise of loan rate or tight monetary policy may increase the consumers’ cost of purchasing EVs and then decrease EV sales. Another interesting finding is that though the per capita disposable income of urban households increases the EV sales decreases. A plausible explanation would seem to be that the impact of the per capita disposable income of urban households on the EV sales is offset by the decline in government subsidies or the incomplete infrastructures such as the inconvenient of charging stations. Besides, the significantly positive spatial dependence and serial correlation exist among EV manufactures indicates that when developing EV sales strategies, EV manufacturers must consider not only the properties of the EVs they produce, but also the properties of similar types of EVs produced by other brands in the EV market.

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Chinda, Thanwadee. "Long-term trend of electric vehicle sales in Thailand." Engineering Management in Production and Services 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/emj-2022-0002.

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Abstract This research study aims at examining the long-term trend of EV sales in Thailand, utilising the system dynamics (SD) modelling approach. This approach is commonly used to model complex systems with causal relationships among key factors within the system. The developed SD model consists of five key factors affecting electric vehicle (EV) sales, namely, the environment, economy, charging infrastructure, government support, and battery maintenance. The simulation results show the increase in EV sales by ten times in the next 20 years with implementation plans related to the five key factors. The government support factor is the most important in enhancing EV sales in the short term. Several government support plans should be initiated to attract more EV consumers, such as subsidies and tax reductions. The environment and charging infrastructure factors are crucial to increasing EV sales in the long term. The enforcement of the CO2 tax and the provision of charging stations all around the country should be established to achieve a sustainable EV market in the long term. This research study contributes to the Thai government and automotive industry to better understand the complex relationships among key factors affecting EV sales. The related sectors may use the study results to plan for EV campaigns to promote the use of EVs and achieve a sustainable EV market.

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Aungkulanon, Pasura, Walailak Atthirawong, and Pongchanun Luangpaiboon. "Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process for Strategic Decision Making in Electric Vehicle Adoption." Sustainability 15, no. 8 (April 21, 2023): 7003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15087003.

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In response to the requirement to address the global climate crisis in urban areas caused by the logistics sector, an increasing number of governments around the world have begun aggressive strategic actions to encourage manufacturers and consumers to adopt electric vehicle (EV) technology. One of the most beneficial aspects of driving an EV is that it reduces pollution while also reducing the use of fossil fuels, as well as improving public health by improving local air quality. Nevertheless, the level of EV adoption differs significantly across markets and geographies. EV adoption barriers slow the overall rate of electric mobility. This study ranks a list of obstacles and sub-hindrances to the adoption of electric vehicles in Thailand using the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP), a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) technique. The results showed that infrastructure policy barrier (A), which had the highest weight of 0.6058, was the biggest barrier to EV adoption, followed by technological barrier (B) with a weight of 0.2657, and then by market barrier with a weight of 0.1285. Insufficient charging infrastructure network (A3), lack of proper government support/incentives and collaboration (A1), insufficient electric power supply (A2), high capital cost (C3), and EV charging time (B3) were key sub-barriers to EV adoption in Thailand. Decision Making Systems (DMS) have additionally been created to assist executives in making decisions about the aforementioned barriers. The DMS is based on the concept of computer-aided decision making in that it allows for direct user interaction, analysis, and the ability to change circumstances and the decision-making process based on the executives’ own experience and abilities. Thus, the findings of this study aid in the formulation of market strategies for relevant stakeholders and shed light on potential policy responses.

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Ma, Jun, Jihong Yu, and Zaiyan Gong. "EV Regional Market Sales Forecast Based On GABP Neural Network." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 252 (July 9, 2019): 032098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/252/3/032098.

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Kar, Narayan C., K. L. V. Iyer, Anas Labak, Xiaomin Lu, Chunyan Lai, Aiswarya Balamurali, Bryan Esteban, and Maher Sid-Ahmed. "Courting and Sparking: Wooing Consumers? Interest in the EV Market." IEEE Electrification Magazine 1, no. 1 (September 2013): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mele.2013.2272481.

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Aveni, Alessandro. "BRASILIA METROPOLITAN REGION: EV MOBILITY: OPORTUNITIES AND TRHEATS." EPH - International Journal of Science And Engineering 5, no. 4 (December 27, 2019): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/eijse.v5i4.25.

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The field research of this paper was developed at the end of 2018 to survey EV mobility. Qualitative trends were based on indicators developed by consulting firm research reports, quantitative figures were developed using fuel cost values of 4,5 R$/liter. The analysis was divided in three steps: a) evidence of public planning, b) evidence of industry and industry 4.0 systems, and c) evidence of market. Main results of the research are: a) no electric mobility planning was found form institutional evidences. No planning for Smart City initiative in Brasilia, b) no evidence of electric systems and innovation are developed or planned (i.e Industry 4.0 automated drive systems). c) opportunities in market found are: main metropolitan area is worth some three million inhabitants, almost seven including surrounding metropolitan areas with millions vehicles to be converted to ev, public transportation and urban delivery most interesting niches of market; threats: no fiscal incentives and infrastructure of electric posts able to sustain car supply, no offer for electric/hybrid cars and conversion kits. This part of an external strategic analysis give the orientation to develop urban transportation vehicles and buses (public transportation) taxi, buses, vans, light trucks and motorcycles ,used for delivery, offers. These are interesting segments mostly because of increasing operational cost mainly due to gasoline costs.

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Simões, Vasco, Leandro Pereira, and Álvaro Dias. "Enhancing Sustainable Business Models for Green Transportation." Sustainability 15, no. 9 (April 27, 2023): 7272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15097272.

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Business models (BMs) are crucial for the successful market penetration and diffusion of sustainable innovations. Nonetheless, consumer preference knowledge about adopting electric vehicles (EVs) under innovative BMs is low. Drawing on existing conceptualizations of BMs, this investigation studied consumer preferences for three innovative BMs (EV-leasing; battery-leasing; B2C EV-sharing) and the traditional total purchase BM. This research aimed to analyze the growth of the EV market, as well as to understand consumer preferences regarding business models and how these can overcome the barriers to EV purchase. During this study, an empirical study was applied based on a quantitative method. Data were collected through Google Forms and disseminated via social media. Using survey data to conduct a quantitative analysis, the findings showed that most people have an interest in EVs but consider their high cost the main barrier. The environmental benefits are the main motivation for buying an EV, since people are very concerned about the environment. Regarding the innovative business models (IBMs), most people were not aware of their existence but believed that they were fundamental for EV acquisition.

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