Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Eutrophisation – Lutte contre – Méditerranée (mer)"
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Статті в журналах з теми "Eutrophisation – Lutte contre – Méditerranée (mer)":
Hervé-Fournereau, Nathalie. "Étang de Berre - Activité d'une centrale hydroélectrique. / Pollution d'origine tellurique imputable à l'activité de turbinage de la centrale. / Perturbation des conditions écologiques du biotope de l'Etang - Eutrophisation. / Convention pour la protection de la mer Méditerranée contre la pollution : article 4, paragraphes 1 et 8. / Protocole relatif à la protection de la mer Méditerranée contre la pollution d'origine tellurique : article 6, paragraphes 1 et 3. / Insuffisance des mesures prises par les autorités françaises pour prévenir, réduire et combattre la pollution de l'étang de Berre. / Manquement de la France. Cour de justice des Communautés européennes, 7 octobre 2004, Commission des Communautés européennes c/ République française, aff. C-239/03. Avec commentaire." Revue Juridique de l'Environnement 30, no. 2 (2005): 190–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rjenv.2005.4428.
Дисертації з теми "Eutrophisation – Lutte contre – Méditerranée (mer)":
Regis, Julie. "Impact des hypoxies sur la mobilité des nutriments et ETMM présents dans les sédiments des lagunes méditerranéennes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nîmes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NIME0002.
Studies carried out in recent years have shown that oxygen concentration in the water column is the main factor controlling all biogeochemical reactions in surface sediment, as well as controlling transfers of nutrients, trace elements (TE) at the sediment water interface (SWI). Three lagoons on France’s Mediterranean coast (Berre, Thau and Prévost) are among the world’s most eutrophied coastal zones impacted by hypoxia episodes, with high accumulations of nutrients, metals and metalloids in their sediment. They are also characterized by different benthic habitats, some of which include macrophytes, which have been shown to regulate nutrient flux at IES. This thesis project aims to better understand the impact of deoxygenation phenomena on the mobility of nutrients and TE present in Mediterranean lagoon sediment, in the presence of different benthic habitats representing their eutrophication gradient. The results show that the Berre lagoon is the site most impacted by long-lasting (1 week) and seasonal episodes of deoxygenation; the Prévost lagoon exhibits wide nycthemeral variations, going from hypoxia to hyperoxia in less than 12 h during the summer season; the Thau lagoon site seems the most resilient about deoxygenation. Under summer conditions, sediment and porewater concentrationprofiles show enrichments in nutrients and sulfides in the substrates of benthic habitats in lagoons with the most advanced eutrophication status (Berre and Prévost), and also in the presence of macroalgae (Prévost and Thau). These enrichments are the result of strong organic matter mineralization, and the more reducing conditions in these habitats binding the TE (As, Sb, Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu, Co, Hgtot) to the solid phase of the sediment. Comparison with available environmental thresholds enables us to identify habitats in the Berre lagoon that are highly at risk in terms of eutrophication support, remobilization of TE at SWI and ecotoxicological risk. The acquisition of dissolved oxygen concentration gradients within the benthic boundary layer (BBL) at high temporal resolution has enabled us to identify the high oxygen demand of sediment in the Berre lagoon and the nighttime deoxygenations resulting from the presence of opportunistic macroalgae in the Prévost lagoon. The punctual acquisition of concentration gradients illustrates nutrient exports from the sediment to the water column that are more intense under anoxic and euxinic conditions, and exports ofMn, Fe, As, Co under hypoxic conditions. However, concentration gradients under euxinic conditions indicate the trapping of TE (Mn, Fe, Cu,Mo) with the sulfide phases of the sediment. In addition, in situ and ex situ incubation experiments under "forced" deoxygenation conditions for the various benthic habitats present at these three sites yielded SWI fluxes that also followed this trend. Nutrient fluxes were shown to intensify following deoxygenation in eutrophied bare sediment habitats affected by deoxygenation (Berre) and specifically in habitats containing opportunistic (Prévost) and perennial (Thau) macroalgae. For these same habitats, the most intense exports of TE (Mn, Fe, As, Co, V , Mo) were measured under hypoxic and anoxic conditions, while fluxes decreased or reversed under euxinic conditions. This comparative and experimental field approach brings an integrative biogeochemical perspective on the chemical quality of sediment in lagoon environments undergoing re-oligotrophication. It provides a context for their great temporal variability, as well as their vulnerability to climate change
Boushaba, Abdelmadjid. "La pêche maritime dans les pays du Maghreb." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR30011.
Maritime fishing is an ancient activity which has experienced a prodigious expansion due to technical progress. However, the three Maghreb countries striving to develop sea fishing do not attach to it the same importance. The ticklish question of maritime law and the establishment of boundaries have been previously disputed; these encounters have somewhat governed its evolution. The classical notions of territorial sea (zone of the national souverainity) and of open sea (free zone) quickly become obsolete. In particular, freedom in open sea allonwing an anarchical and abusive exploitation of the biological resources, is calling into the question "de facto", from the increas in the coast countries and unilateral extensions of sovereignty which appear like an unorganized "sanction" against the situation; however their validity in international law is contestable, the 1982 Convention will sacrifficed the notion of an exclusive economic zone (e. E. Z. ) in which the borderer has an extended sphere regarding biological resources. Use of these resources is regulated by internal and international law provisions. The 1982 Convention laid down the general principles and attenmpted to institute a rational and equitable policy. The Maghreb countries are triying to protect these resources and promot the undher the national development interests. They adhere to the 1976 Convention of Barcelona relative to the war against pollution of the mediterranean sea, and are taking mesures to encourage the practice of fishing. International organization such as the f. A. O. And its committees are organizing a communal arrangment of these resources. On a limited level, the joint ventures society offer views to the Maghreb countries and are a privileged instrument in bilateral cooperation. On a governmental level, specific structures are created, aimed al stimulating the fishing industry
Diaz-Castaneda, Victoria. "Étude expérimentale in situ de la succession écologique lors de la recolonisation d'un sédiment defauné par pollution en Méditerranée et en Mer du nord." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10178.
Pantelodimou, Eirini. "La lutte contre la pollution marine en France." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010317.
The sea plays a vital role in regulating climate and in maintaining ecological balance. The oceans and the sea constitute a source of wealth, an immense reservoir of food resources and of employment for many people. The Mediterranean Sea is a sensitive ecosystem, subject to strong pressures derived from human activities, such as fishing, oil and gas exploration, dumping of waste and other matter in the sea, maritime transport, transfer of aquatic invasive species via ballast water and littoral tourism. France, severely affected by the sinking of the Amoco Cadiz, the Erika and the Prestige, took numerous initiatives not only at an international but also at a regional level. The complexity of the marine pollution problem, due to the diversity of polluting factors and to their diffuse sources, has favored a regional approach. This approach has resulted in the adoption, at a national, regional and international level, of a network of policies, legislative texts, programs and action plans in the field of marine environment protection. It constitutes a stifling body of rules, comprising preventive and repressive measures. The institutional and legal complexity of marine protection hinders, however, the effective protection of the marine environment. ln this context, the international community encourages the implementation of an ecosystem approach to oceans. At European level, the adoption of the Framework Directive «Strategy for the Marine Environment» favours a consistency between different EU policies as well as an integration of environmental considerations into ail policies related to the sea. Furthermore, the effectiveness of European legislation in the field of the fight again marine pollution, has been reinforced by the adoption of a common framework of liability with regard to the prevention and remedy of environment damage
Abuhneik, Suliman Ali. "Le programme des Nations Unies pour l'environnement et la protection de la Méditerranée contre la pollution : la position de la Libye face à ce problème." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR30004.
To describe the libyan position face to the reception of the barcelona system we work out a model of compilation of national legislation implementing those one with due account of those contextual factors which may influence the legislative behaviour in this country. Absence of legislation will similarly reveal the day-t-day practice of national authorities at various levels and areas of special resistance to change and assist the libyan government to clarify his will
Uchimara, Masayuki. "Contribution à l'étude de "Caulerpa taxifolia" en vue du contrôle de son expansion. Examen d'un modèle de toxicité, sensibilité au cuivre, destruction par la technique de la couverture échangeuse d'ions." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20221.
Law-Chune, Stephane. "Apport de l'océanographie opérationnelle à l'amélioration de la prévision de dérive océanique dans le cadre d'opérations de recherche et de sauvetage en mer et de lutte contre les pollutions marines." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838293.
Mieulet, Elise. "La prolifération de moustiques vecteurs sur le littoral méditerranéen et dans les départements français d’Amérique : enjeux environnementaux et sanitaires." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3095.
In France,the human-mosquito relationship and the mosquito control policies show differentiated stories and features from one territory to another.Thus,if in FDA mosquitoes never ceased being epidemic factors,however,on the Mediterranean coast until recently they no longer represented a Health risk.Indeed,in the FDA,since their implementation,mosquito control campaigns have always been conducted for a sanitary purpose through vector control campaigns.Meanwhile,in metropolitan France,aiming to reduce the nuisance,these policies were initially implemented to ensure the inhabitants comfort.But,starting from 2004,following the durable installation of the Asian tiger mosquito on the French Mediterranean coastline and the progressive widening of its distribution area,the context evolves and,from now on,the metropolitan France is potentially exposed to health risks hitherto circumscribed to tropical areas.Mobilising the theoretical frameworks of environmental,health and risks sociologies,and based on a corpus gathering qualitative (311 interviews and direct observations) and quantitative data (1415 questionnaires),this PhD analyses the recombining of the relationship between environmental and health challenges in light of the vector mosquitoes proliferation.It initially focuses on the place and status of the insect within the different populations.Then, the socio-economic factors influencing the individual vulnerability of exposure to the insect are studied.The third part is devoted to the expectations and requests of the inhabitants regarding the public management of the mosquitoes’ proliferation.Finally, a diachronic analysis centered on the Alps-Maritimes region is developed
Fifani, Gina. "Lagrangian dispersion and oil spills : with a case study in the Eastern Mediterranean." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS243.
Due to their dire impacts on marine life, public health, and services, accidental oil spills require an immediate response. Effective action starts with a good knowledge of the ocean dynamics prevailing in the contaminated region. The Lagrangian approach has been proposed as a supportive tool in marine pollution management. The goal of this thesis is to use and develop Lagrangian tools to analyze two oil spill events extending on a scale smaller than that of the DeepWater Horizon oil spill. These are an offshore East China sea oil spill (2018) and a near-coast East Mediterranean accident (2021). The calculation of Lagrangian fronts have been more robust and more informative on the dispersion pathways than the direct advection of a numerical tracer. The inclusion of the wind effect is also found to be essential, being capable of suddenly breaking Lagrangian fronts. A new technique is also proposed, rooted in the Lyapunov theory, by which the drifting speed of a Lagrangian front can be estimated based on near real-time information alone. This information allows to predict the Lagrangian front future location over a few days and to study frontal drifting speeds at global and Mediterranean scales. A further contribution to a Lagrangian experiment in the Mediterranean highlights the Lagrangian shortcoming of nadir altimetry and the need for future altimetry missions like SWOT