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1
Domínguez Castro, Luis, and José Ramón Rodríguez Lago. "Institutionalizing cultural Europeanism: between transnationalism and national identity (1948-1954)." Culture & History Digital Journal 10, no. 1 (April 29, 2021): e009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2021.009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cultural Europeanism is a variant of the process of European integration attested within the framework of the Cold War. It will be mostly anti-communist, although it will couch elements favouring West-East dialogue. The governments will promote an intergovernmental model based on multilateral cooperation and national identity, and put into practice in institutions such as the Western Union or the Council of Europe. Non-governmental organizations, such as the European Movement, will be committed to a more transnational model based on the affirmation and promotion of the idea of Europe through institutions such as the College of Europe, the European Centre for Culture or the European Cultural Foundation. Within cultural Europeanism, networks of secondary institutionalization, such as educational seminars, ended up having as much or more impact than the primary entities from which they emerged.
2
Beutelschmidt, Thomas, and Richard Oehmig. "Connected Enemies?" Television Histories in (Post)Socialist Europe 3, no. 5 (June 24, 2014): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/2213-0969.2014.jethc056.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article examines GDR television from a media-historical perspective with special focus on the inter- and transnational communication between Eastern and Western Europe in the Cold War until the dissolution of the separate spheres of power in 1990. It focuses on the development and function of the “Organisation Internationale de diffusion et de Télévision Radio” (OIRT), which was founded in 1946, and their network “Intervision”, founded in 1960, both centred in Prague. The OIRT, as an umbrella organization, coordinated cooperation between the TV-stations in the socialist community and represented their interests to the “European Broadcasting Union” (UER/EBU) and the “Eurovision” system. While “Intervision” handled the direct program traffic between the stations, exchange of movies and occasionally TV series was an autonomous field. A central conclusion is that the program transfer had a hand in a partial rapprochement and dialogue between East and West. In addition, these permanent relations triggered an early synchronization process with a tendency to cross-culture productions – even if the partial opening in Eastern Europe before 1990 brought only limited pluralism and could not contribute to genuine participation.
3
Aksonova, V. I. "Culture of tolerance: the origins of metaphysical meanings." Науково-теоретичний альманах "Грані" 21, no. 9 (October 16, 2018): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/1718123.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The culture of tolerance is the subject of post-classical knowledge of conscious phenomena that influence the processes being a person and its ethno-national identity. There is a formation of a political nation that meets the requirements of European society and the spirit of ethno-social shifts, resulting in the formation of the corresponding meanings of network culture and global identity. The civilized spirit of freedom is the property of the content of the history philosophers and the realities of socio-cultural changes of being. The formation of a discursive space of tolerance establishes the contemporary meaning and meaning of a particular socio-cultural life, when the culture of tolerance was shaped by Europe at an early age of its civilization, and, through this, a combination of external structures with its internal world is achieved. Without the «philosophy of hope» there is no optimization of the reliability of the specialists training. In this context, the priority of the humanitarian aspect of the educational space is overcoming - and fragmentation of the reform process, also as the education and upbringing that embraced the makers of the product intelligence. Understand that all the priorities of educational reform have not only authoritative policies, but a positive meaning emerges only when the regions is headed by authoritative bearers of the patriotic-professional direction. And they find common actions with the Ministry of Education and Science, the intellect-environment, students, etc. Only through the achievement of a European level of academic freedoms, one can touch on the «pragmatics of the educational noosphere» the community will help the formation of reformers-officials to conduct dialogue in the sense of what this word has as a «difficult transitional state», after which there appears «civil enlightenment», the ability to find an understanding with society, in spite of the violent ignorance of radicals from the East or the West.The feeling of future specialists before the exit of the «crisis society» from the state of «permanent rebellion» is born despite the «hybridization of humanitarian situation».
4
Körs, Anna, and Karsten Lehmann. "Interreligious Dialogue Activities in East Germany." Interdisciplinary Journal for Religion and Transformation in Contemporary Society 6, no. 2 (December 11, 2020): 491–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/23642807-00602013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract With regards to the religious situation, Germany still is a highly divided country. This draws our attention to the specific characteristics of IRD-activities in the eastern parts of Germany. Based on literature review and mapping exercises, we will argue, firstly, that the interreligious dialogue scene in East Germany is characterized by a comparatively low density of activities that are primarily embedded into major religious and state-related organizational structures. Secondly, we will discuss potential explanations of this lower dialogue level with regards to present-day socio-cultural differences and asymmetries between East and West Germany. Thirdly, we argue that the case of East Germany gives evidence to pay particular attention to numerically smaller religious groups within IRD as well as religiously unaffiliated parts of society. Consequently, we have to rethink the conceptualization of IRD in view of secularization as the dominant tendency in many European countries.
5
Costa, Ettore. "From East-West Balancing to Militant Anti-Communism." Journal of Cold War Studies 24, no. 2 (2022): 95–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_01044.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The journal known as Socialist World—the short-lived publication of the Committee of the International Socialist Conference—is instructive for what it reveals about European Social Democracy at the beginning of the Cold War and about the problems of internationalism among Socialists. At first, the journal served to mediate between West European anti-Communist Socialists and the Communists in Eastern Europe. The Socialists tried to reach a common understanding of world affairs through a dialogue across borders, but divergent ideas and the impact of international events tore this cohabitation apart. After the Communist takeover in Czechoslovakia in February 1948, Socialist World became an instrument of anti-Communist propaganda. The articles in the journal also reveal the interests, concerns, and opinions of Socialists during the early Cold War regarding bipolar confrontation, planning, European integration, and colonialism. The journal was too public to allow frank discussion and too overburdened with rules to focus on topics of greater interest. Socialist parties that aspired to gain election in their countries wanted to protect their respectability—a concern made more urgent by the Cold War.
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Zonova, T. V., and A. Giannotti. "Russia and the West: Contradictory Dialogue." MGIMO Review of International Relations 13, no. 1 (March 3, 2020): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2020-1-70-23-38.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The authors focus on the historical evolution of the relations between Russia and the West and attempt to suggest their own vision on the future prospects. The aforementioned relationship span centuries of history. At times, these relations were peaceful, while at times, “Russophobia,” on the one hand, and anti-Western feelings, on the other, served as a backdrop to military clashes. The authors pay special attention to the events of recent decades that have posed new threats and challenges. Given the current militarization and securitization of world politics, strategic stability, which is highly dependent on relations between Russia and the West, is being called into question. After Crimea became part of the Russian Federation and hostilities began in the Donbass region, anti-Russian sanctions were imposed, and Russia, in turn, passed counter-sanctions legislation. Therefore, Russia’s relations with the United States have sharply deteriorated. Likewise, comprehensive ties with the European Union have been frozen. The West, mainly the United States and UK, has launched anti-Russian campaign. As a mirror response Russian media also dazzles with speculations about "the decay and decline of the West". Consequently, Russia has declared its “shift to the East”. A real psychological war is being waged between Russia and the West, with both sides resorting to the latest advanced technology in their propaganda. A number of Russian politicians grew supportive of some Western movements and parties of the right spectrum, the so called “sovranists” who aimed at withdrawing their countries from international treaties and unions. Meanwhile, Donald Trump’s victory in the 2016 elections as the Republican right-wing candidate, who pledged to improve US-Russia relations, was much praised in Moscow. The authors conclude that recent constructive Russian-American meetings and the 2019 meeting in the Normandy Format which contributes to conflict resolution in the South-East of Ukraine can facilitate positive developments of Russia’s relations with the West.
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Ekaterina Borisovna, Kostiuk. "Mass music of the ХХ century in the context of the East-West dialogue". Vestnik of Saint Petersburg State University of Culture, № 2 (51) (2022): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30725/2619-0303-2022-2-77-81.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article deals with the problem of understanding the iconic elements of musical language and thinking for mass music of the XX century in the context of the dialogue between East and West. The reasons and specifics of the meaning of melody for the essential foundations of European musical culture are noted. The peculiarity of the physiological rhythm of non-European, African and Latin American musical cultures, cultural, historical and artistic reasons for their expansion into European music at the beginning of the XX century are analyzed. The concept of «rhythmic emotions» and its understanding are proposed. The author concludes that the socio-psychological cataclysms of the epoch actualized the emergence and intensive development, the demand for «music for the body» in the mass musical culture of the XX century.
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Lehmann, Klaus-Dieter. "National Libraries in Eastern Europe – A Period of Transition." Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 6, no. 2 (August 1994): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095574909400600203.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present economic situation is a poor starting point for the national libraries of Eastern Europe in their efforts to cope with the future. Political censorship is replaced with economic censorship: insufficient budgets, inadequate space for books and readers, gaps in distribution systems, and increasing transport and postal rates. But libraries are an essential element in the intellectual infrastracture and cultural dialogue; and national libraries in Eastern Europe see cooperation with similar libraries in the West as a major way of achieving development. Several countries have agreed to exchange specialists, training and education programmes already exist, and lack of acquisition funds has been somewhat mitigated by book donation programmes; but more needs to be done. The European Union is an appropriate mechanism for developing an East-West programme to improve the infrastructure through the implementation of technological policy. East-West dialogue can best be structured through the Council of Europe, which has recently expanded its membership to include Eastern and Central Europe.
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Campbell, J., and G. Gustenau. "Russia and the West Today: European Experts View." Russia & World: Sc. Dialogue, no. 2 (May 31, 2024): 20–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53658/rw2024-4-2(12)-20-38.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article provides assessments of the current state of relations between Russia and the West by European experts. Complex issues such as the Northern Military District in Ukraine, the situation in the South Caucasus, the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and their consequences for European countries and the global world order are analyzed. The authors talk about the need to prevent outbreaks of a third world war, to overcome bipolar ideological confrontation, and about the values of the future world order. Justice and morality must become the basis of peace, which will lead to the restoration of trust between peoples and states. The need for dialogue with Russia and the inadmissibility of isolating individual countries from participation in international dialogues are argued. The authors are supporters of the principles of a multipolar world, freedom, justice, information objectivity, respect for other cultures and religions, and speak of the inadmissibility of discrimination on national, racial or religious grounds. The article was prepared based on the materials of the international symposium “United Kingdom – EU – Russia – Greater Middle East: Challenges and Prospects”, held in Bratislava (February 27–28, 2024)
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Arenberg, Meg. "The Digital Ukumbi: New Terrains in Swahili Identity and Poetic Dialogue." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 131, no. 5 (October 2016): 1344–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2016.131.5.1344.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this essay I address the remediation of the centuries-old East African practice of poetic dialogue in the twenty-first-century digital social network of Facebook. Focusing on an online duel between two young poets from Mombasa, I demonstrate how East Africa's new media are transforming traditional poetic conventions in Swahili. Even sites that endeavor to preserve authentic literary Swahili have become in practice controversial crossroads of language, culture, and identity. By bringing voices of Swahili cultural authority, which draw from the East, into sustained contact with voices of the contemporary urban youth culture, which draws from the West, these new media are ultimately opening new terrains for literary production and debate.
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Beglerović, Samir, and Mark Sedgwick. "Islam in Bosnia Between East and West: The Reception and Development of Traditionalism." Journal of Religion in Europe 13, no. 1-2 (December 9, 2020): 145–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18748929-20201498.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The article looks at the reception and development of Guénonian Traditionalism in Bosnia from the 1970s to the present day. Traditionalism was initially received in Yugoslavia as esotericism, but then its reception became more Islamic, based in Sarajevo’s Islamic Theology Faculty. After the Bosnian War, Islamic Traditionalist works became popular among young Bosnians who wanted to combine Islam with European identities. Some Bosnian ulama taught Traditionalist works to their students, a development unparalleled elsewhere, and wrote their own Traditionalist-influenced works, mostly dealing with interreligious dialogue. The Bosnian reception and development of Traditionalism is unique, and it is argued that this reflects Bosnia’s special position between East and West.
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Rupnik, Jacques. "Utopias and “Normality”: 1968 Revisited Fifty Years On." Slavic Review 77, no. 4 (2018): 890–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/slr.2018.286.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Prague Spring of 1968 did not provoke a major international crisis but at most an “incident” in the making of east-west detente. Yet it deserves to be revisited for three reasons of lasting significance for Europe. First, the Prague Spring revived, beyond the contemporary writings on Czech “democratic exceptionalism,” the European debate about the relationship between socialism and democracy. Second, it was often interpreted as part of an international generational revolt against the establishments, yet it also revealed sharp contrasts between east and west. Can the misunderstandings and different legacies of 1968 in Paris and Prague be enlightening for trans-European dialogue (or lack of) after 1989? Third, Czechoslovakia in 1968 represented the most far-reaching blueprint for reforming the system within the Soviet sphere. Its crushing prevented reform in eastern Europe and Moscow. Although it provided inspiration for Gorbachev's belated, botched attempt to save the system, this was twenty years too late, thus paving the way for its implosion in 1989.
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Sabri, Hizmetli. "FORMATION, DEVELOPMENT AND BRANCHES OF ORIENTALISM." KAZAKHSTAN ORIENTAL STUDIES 8, no. 4 (June 12, 2024): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.63051/kos.2023.4.21.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article examines the development, history and goals of Orientalism. The formation of Orientalism can be traced back to the Age of Enlightenment, when European philosophers and scientists began to study the cultures, languages, and history of the countries of the Middle East, Asia, and North Africa. Since the end of the 18th century, the Westerners set out to explore the East and entered the East using all the power of their hegemony. At this point, academic works and other fruitful activities are combined with the life of the East. In Europe, works and activities of this nature created "missionary activity" and orientalism, which began in the last quarter of the 17th century. The purpose of the work is to review the development and history of Orientalism and show the relationship between Islam and the West, based on historical authors and works. As the article states, Orientalism seeks to facilitate intercultural dialogue and exchange between East and West. In the course of work, methods of description and analysis are used, and it is possible to understand the topic in depth. The novelty of the article is that positive and fruitful relations based on mutual understanding and efficiency, as well as establishing genuine dialogues between the West and the resource-rich Islamic world of the East, developed in historical conflict, were considered views that would permanently benefit the global community as a whole. Research findings suggest that the goals of Orientalism are multifaceted and complex, and include a range of goals related to research, representation, dialogue, and empowerment. By pursuing these goals, Orientalist scholars can contribute to a unique, interconnected, and just world community.
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Hammons, T. J., P. Kacejko, and M. Wancerz. "Proposed East-West European Power Link-possible impact on the Polish Grid network." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 10, no. 3 (1995): 1414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/59.466510.
Повний текст джерела
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Cojocaru, Alina. "Representations of Eastern European Jewish Immigrants in the Twentieth-Century British Press: Judaism and the Urban Regeneration of London." DIALOGO 9, no. 1 (December 5, 2022): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.51917/dialogo.2022.9.1.2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper examines the (mis)representations of Eastern European Jewish immigrants in the British newspapers of the early twentieth century. As members of transnational networks, as simple travelers or victims of a forced emigration, Jews pursued economic prospects, freedom from antisemitism or the right to assert their political and cultural liberties while exploring new cities. The migration flows brought them to various European metropolises that were not only observed through the eyes of “the other,” “the stranger,” but also shaped by the cultural articulations of Judaism. Jewish migrants were nonetheless often perceived as dangerous to the ideas of national homogeneity. Positioning itself at the nexus of discourse and experience, a particular focus of this paper is to investigate the manner in which the cultural and religious differences experienced by both Jewish migrants and the settled population were depicted and negotiated, as well as the impact that Jewish immigrants had on the development of the modern city, specifically on London’s East End.
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Hatina, Meir. "WHERE EAST MEETS WEST: SUFISM, CULTURAL RAPPROCHEMENT, AND POLITICS." International Journal of Middle East Studies 39, no. 3 (August 2007): 409a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743807070936.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper traces the significant role of Sufism in promoting Muslim—Christian dialogue at a time of growing friction and colonial encroachment. The widening gap in power and wealth between the Western and Muslim world from the 19th century onward heightened cultural animosity between the two but also evoked ecumenical efforts to diffuse this contention. One such effort was Islamic modernism, which promoted a liberal interpretation of scripture and advocated the establishment of an inclusive polity that would encompass women and religious minorities. Islamic modernism gained considerable attention in the research literature. By contrast, another important ecumenical discourse, based on Sufism, which emerged in the early 20th century and was joined by Muslims and European Christians alike, has remained largely unexplored in the literature. Cairo, Rome, and Paris constituted the geographical points of convergence of this discourse; the Sufi teachings of Ibn al-ءArabi (d. 1240) provided its ideological core. Most participants sought to position Sufi values as a cultural bridge between East and West, although political considerations were also involved. This paper shows that far from being anachronistic or detached from reality, as some of its vociferous critics charged, Sufism remained a vital tradition well into modern times. Moreover, it engendered a lively debate within Western intellectual circles over the role of spirituality in modern life.
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Ballinger, Pamela. "Whatever Happened to Eastern Europe?" East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 31, no. 1 (February 2017): 44–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325416675020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article is part of the special section titled Recursive Easts, Shifting Peripheries, guest edited by Pamela Ballinger. This article examines the critical purchase of the notion of Eastern Europe. Although scholarship exploring various easternisms flourished in the two decades following the Cold War’s end, for some observers this framework appears increasingly irrelevant for understanding contemporary Europe. The symbolic and political boundary processes marking out East and West within Europe, however, possess both deep histories and durable afterlives, as recent events (from the financial crisis to the Mediterranean refugee crisis) demonstrate. In refocusing our gaze on the (re)constructions of the East in European politics, this article does not advocate a mere reiteration of earlier perspectives on Orientalism (or Balkanism). Rather, the discussion points the way towards productive dialogue between bodies of literature on regionally specific variants of easternism while simultaneously introducing new concepts (such as the tidemark) into the debates. Furthermore, the essay makes the case for the continued salience of the periphery concept, which retains significance as a local category of meaning and practice in many European contexts. “Periphery” thus offers a particularly powerful lens through which to consider the recombinations and intersections of old distinctions—North versus South, East versus West—transforming the spatial, political, and cultural landscapes of contemporary Europe.
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Milovanović, Aleksandra, Anica Dragutinovic, Ana Nikezić, Uta Pottgiesser, Mihajlo Stojanovski, Ana Ivanovska Deskova, Jovan Ivanovski, and Tea Damjanovska. "Rehabilitation of Mass Housing as a Contribution to Social Equality: Insights from the East-West European Academic Dialogue." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (July 2, 2022): 8106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14138106.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mass housing neighbourhoods (MHN) represent the leading pattern of urban transformation and expansion in the second half of the 20th century, and accordingly evaluation, regeneration and redesign of the MHN represent a necessary and challenging task in the contemporary research context. In the practical scope of MHN rehabilitation, various holistic approaches and design strategies are identified that affirm both ecological transition and social transformation of these urban settings. However, the level of application of such approaches across Europe varies greatly, and requires research initiatives of a comparative nature that open a cross-geographical debate at the European level. Although there is a series of evidence-based studies that define the conceptual framework of MHN, i.e., large-scale housing settlements, through historical-interpretative and chronological analyses, the academic debate on practical and feasible MHN rehabilitation and their sustainable integration into the urban development of cities at European level is underdeveloped. The specific objective of this paper is to establish preliminary insights into the current level of MHN rehabilitation and to identify challenges for further actions through (1) a comparative analysis of MHN role models from the second half of 20th century, and through (2) insights from an implemented expert questionnaire. The research engages a comparative case study analysis as the primary method and analyses MHN in Germany (as a representative of Western Europe) and in the two ex-Yugoslav countries, North Macedonia and Serbia (as representatives of Eastern Europe). This research has highlighted the main obstacles and challenges for MHN rehabilitation and demonstrated the importance of a multiscale approach to MHN analysis, having in mind that through the distribution of design values at the analysed spatial levels (neighbourhood level, building level, and apartment level) the application of affirmative indicators within different design values group is recognised.
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Pilarska, Dr Justyna. "Bosnian multiconfessionalism as a foundation for intercultural dialogue." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 10, no. 2 (May 19, 2017): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v10i2.p24-33.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Muslim communities in the Balkans where the practice of Islam had been developed in the European context, can be used as an exemplification of the bridge between the Islamic East and the Christian West. Although for over 400 years Bosnia was under the Ottoman rule, Muslims became one of the many first Yugoslav, and then Bosnian communities, contributing to the dynamic, yet moderate area of ontological and axiological negotiations within the cultural borderland, sharing the living space with members of the Orthodox church, Catholics, a small Jewish community, and even Protestants. The history of the Muslim-Christian contacts in Bosnia involves both the examples of collisions, as well as encounters, initiated both by Christians, and by Muslims. This article analyzes the religious diversity (multiconfessionalism) in the historical and contemporary cultural and social context of Bosnia-Herzegovina, revealing its specificity, dynamics and (often unsuccessful) attempts to conceptualize it from the perspective of the Eurocentric discourse. The aim is not only to portray this religiously diverse makeup, but also to emphasize its potential for establishing ground for intercultural dialogue.
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Pilarska, Justyna. "Bosnian Multiconfessionalism as a Foundation for Intercultural Dialogue." Humanities Today: Proceedings 2, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/htpr-2023-0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Muslim communities in the Balkans where the practice of Islam had been developed in the European context, can be used as an exemplification of the bridge between the Islamic East and the Christian West. Although for over 400 years Bosnia was under the Ottoman rule, Muslims became one of the many first Yugoslav, and then Bosnian communities, contributing to the dynamic, yet moderate area of ontological and axiological negotiations within the cultural borderland, sharing the living space with members of the Orthodox church, Catholics, a small Jewish community, and even Protestants. The history of the Muslim-Christian contacts in Bosnia involves both the examples of collisions, as well as encounters, initiated both by Christians, and by Muslims. This article analyzes the religious diversity (multiconfessionalism) in the historical and contemporary cultural and social context of Bosnia-Herzegovina, revealing its specificity, dynamics and (often unsuccessful) attempts to conceptualize it from the perspective of the Eurocentric discourse. The aim is not only to portray this religiously diverse makeup, but also to emphasize its potential for establishing ground for intercultural dialogue.
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Czarzasty, Jan, Sławomir Adamczyk, and Barbara Surdykowska. "Looking for European solutions. Trade unions in Central and Eastern Europe striving for cross-border solidarity." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 26, no. 3 (July 10, 2020): 307–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024258920933117.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article deals with the dilemmas faced by trade unions from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) in the context of their relations with western European (EU-15) unions and the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC). The issue of cross-border solidarity is re-examined, taking into account its historical meanings as well as current developments under the pressures of globalisation and EU integration. The article analyses key factors affecting East–West trade union relations – different views within the ETUC, discontinuities in European social dialogue, challenges faced by European works councils and the uncertain future of transnational company agreements. Major dilemmas CEE unions cope with vis-à-vis their western counterparts are outlined. The question of how to achieve a common interest platform for trade unions from Central and Eastern Europe and from western Europe is raised, followed by a suggestion that ‘downward convergence’ in industrial relations is bringing the two regions closer.
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Weidmann, Manfred, Stefan Frey, Caio C. M. Freire, Sandra Essbauer, Daniel Růžek, Boris Klempa, Dana Zubrikova, et al. "Molecular phylogeography of tick-borne encephalitis virus in central Europe." Journal of General Virology 94, no. 9 (September 1, 2013): 2129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.054478-0.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to obtain a better understanding of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) strain movements in central Europe the E gene sequences of 102 TBEV strains collected from 1953 to 2011 at 38 sites in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria and Germany were determined. Bayesian analysis suggests a 350-year history of evolution and spread in central Europe of two main lineages, A and B. In contrast to the east to west spread at the Eurasian continent level, local central European spreading patterns suggest historic west to east spread followed by more recent east to west spread. The phylogenetic and network analyses indicate TBEV ingressions from the Czech Republic and Slovakia into Germany via landscape features (Danube river system), biogenic factors (birds, red deer) and anthropogenic factors. The identification of endemic foci showing local genetic diversity is of paramount importance to the field as these will be a prerequisite for in-depth analysis of focal TBEV maintenance and long-distance TBEV spread.
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Dedík, Milan, Matúš Dlugoš, Jozef Gašparík, and Borna Abramović. "Effective Use of the Potential of Rail Freight Corridors in the East - West Direction." LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics 10, no. 1 (May 1, 2019): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/logi-2019-0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The development of the transport sector is a long-term and continual process. This leads to a gradual increase in economic performance, economic growth and a deeper integration of the EU countries into the global economic structures. This contribution is focused on the problem of usage of the east – west corridors for the freight transport in transit. There are proposed for the new transport connections between China and Europe. The aim of the new connections is speed up of transport process of good flows. When proposing new corridor routes and new options for interconnection of the European rail network, basic deterministic methods of network analysis - the critical path method of the CPM and the CCM critical chain can be used. The aim is also to offer new options for development of rail transportation.
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Михайлова, Елена Евгеньевна, and Надежда Александровна Соболева. "N.I. KAREEV ON THE DIALOGUE OF CULTURES IN LINE WITH THE VIEWS OF WESTERN EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHERS OF XVIII-XIX CENTURIES." Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Философия, no. 3(53) (October 30, 2020): 150–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtphilos/2020.3.150.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Рассматривается диалог культур в трактовке западноевропейских мыслителей XVIII-XIX вв. Показано, что изучение истории взаимоотношений различных, в своем основании и формах, культур прошло три содержательных этапа: первый - начало «разговора» о взаимоотношении культур и постановка понятий «Запад» и «Восток» (просветители); второй - смещение вопроса о дуальности «Запад - Восток» на уровень дилеммы философии истории и всемирной истории (представители немецкой классической философии); третий - применение новой, многофакторной методологии (позитивисты). Сделан вывод о том, что русский историк и представитель позитивистской философии истории Н.И. Кареев дал конструктивно-критическую оценку воззрениям западноевропейских мыслителей на проблему взаимоотношений разных культур и творчески использовал их идеи в построении своей философии истории. The article deals with the dialogue of cultures in the interpretation of Western European thinkers of the XVIII-XIX centuries. It is shown that the study of the history of relations between cultures, which differ in their basis and forms, has passed three meaningful stages. The first stage is the beginning of a «conversation» about the relationship of cultures and the formulation of the concepts of «West» and «East» (enlighteners). The second stage is characterized by a shift of the question of the duality of «West-East» to the level of the dilemma of the philosophy of history and world history (representatives of German classical philosophy). The third stage is the application of a new, multi-factor methodology (positivists). It is concluded that the Russian historian and representative of the positivist philosophy of history N.I. Kareev gave a constructive and critical assessment of the views of Western European thinkers on the problem of relations between different cultures and creatively used their ideas in building his philosophy of history.
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Kangas, Roger. "The Changing Face of the Russian Far East: Cooperation and Resource Competition Between Japan, Korea, and China in Northeast Asia." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 6, no. 1-3 (2007): 441–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156914907x207829.
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AbstractWhen significant changes take place in one part of the world, it is to be expected that effects will be felt elsewhere. Particularly in an era of increasing globalization, as regions and countries become inextricably linked to each other, what takes place in one region will be felt in another. This is clearly the case with the Greater Middle East (GME). As this region expands in scope and composition, those areas on the borders must deal with the consequences. For example, much attention is placed on European reactions to and relations with the GME. Whether it is it terms of energy transfers, European Union programs regarding a "dialogue with Islam," or NATO's "Mediterranean Dialogue," there is a strong sense that Europeans must remain engaged with the region. However, can the same be said for states to the East particularly in the Far East? Is there a connection, and if so, how does this region relate to the GME? In short, why should someone examining the intricacies of state and societal development in the GME care about what takes place in the Russian Far East? There are several reasons that will be assessed in this article. First, the uncertainty of resource management and exploitation in the GME does mean that states in the Far East need to evaluate their own resource capabilities and needs. Developments within the GME necessitate a more thorough evaluation of what exists in the Far East for the countries in the region. Second, this sense of resource needs is in contrast to a political reality in the region: the major states have their own national security concerns located in other areas, thus creating a political and security "void." Russia, for example, gives higher priority to the West (Europe) and the South (Middle East). China remains committed to security concerns to the Southeast (Taiwan) and increasingly to the West (Central Asia and South Asia). Are the states in question devoting enough attention to the area that intersects them all? Third, if the states in the region believe that regional cooperation is important to address the first part above, the realities of the second part will most likely dampen any chance at true cooperation and regional development. How to overcome these problems and prevent the region from becoming a true "void" is the challenge of the states in the Far East today and in the future. A proper analysis of these security issues requires that one examine the perceptions held within the region, the capabilities and limitations of the respective governments, and an understanding of how these geopolitical differences have played out in the past.
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Guilhot, Nicolas. "A Network of Influential Friendships: The Fondation Pour Une Entraide Intellectuelle Européenne and East–West Cultural Dialogue, 1957–1991." Minerva 44, no. 4 (November 25, 2006): 379–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11024-006-9014-y.
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Schlamm, Leon. "Revisiting Jung's dialogue with yoga: observations from transpersonal psychology." International Journal of Jungian Studies 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19409050903498337.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In spite of the considerable body of scholarly literature on Jung's ambivalent relationship to Indian mystical traditions and his misreading of their canonical materials during the last three decades, Jung's persistent warnings against the practice of yoga by Europeans deserve more systematic examination by Jung scholars than they have so far received. At a time of increasing globalization inconsistent with Jung's East/West psychological relativism, Jung scholarship needs to engage with the considerable body of literature of transpersonal psychology addressing issues central to Jung's dialogue with yoga in the 1930s and 1940s. In this article, drawing upon the materials of transpersonal psychology, I examine two such issues: (1) Jung's claim that the European practice of yoga leads either to repression of unconscious contents by consciousness or to psychotic states in which consciousness is overwhelmed by the unconscious; (2) Jung's objection to the claim of Indian non-dualist traditions that the ego can be completely dissolved in, or absorbed by, the transcendental self. The purpose of this article is twofold: first, to catalogue challenges by transpersonal psychologists to Jung's model of psychological and spiritual development; second, to consider whether, because of Jung's defensive distancing from Indian spirituality, he exaggerated differences between the individuation process and the Indian mystical traditions he engaged with.
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Villani, M. G., P. Bergamaschi, M. Krol, J. F. Meirink, and F. Dentener. "Inverse modeling of European CH<sub>4</sub> emissions: sensitivity to the observational network." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 5 (October 6, 2009): 21073–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-21073-2009.
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Abstract. Inverse modeling is widely employed to provide "top-down" emission estimates using atmospheric measurements. Here, we analyze the dependence of derived CH4 emissions on the sampling frequency and density of the observational surface network, using the TM5-4DVAR inverse modeling system and synthetic observations. This sensitivity study focuses on Europe. The synthetic observations are created by TM5 forward model simulations. The inversions of these synthetic observations are performed using virtually no knowledge on the a priori spatial and temporal distribution of emissions, i.e. the emissions are derived mainly from the atmospheric signal detected by the measurement network. Using the European network of stations for which continuous or weekly flask measurements are available for 2001, the synthetic experiments can retrieve the "true" annual total emissions for single countries such as France within 20%, and for all North West European countries together within ~5%. However, larger deviations are obtained for South and East European countries due to the scarcity of stations in the measurement network. Upgrading flask sites to stations with continuous measurements leads to an improvement for central Europe in emission estimates. For realistic emission estimates over the whole European domain, however, a major extension of the number of stations in the existing network is required. We demonstrate the potential of an extended network of a total of ~60 European stations to provide realistic emission estimates over the whole European domain.
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Villani, M. G., P. Bergamaschi, M. Krol, J. F. Meirink, and F. Dentener. "Inverse modeling of European CH<sub>4</sub> emissions: sensitivity to the observational network." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 3 (February 5, 2010): 1249–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1249-2010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Inverse modeling is widely employed to provide "top-down" emission estimates using atmospheric measurements. Here, we analyze the dependence of derived CH4 emissions on the sampling frequency and density of the observational surface network, using the TM5-4DVAR inverse modeling system and synthetic observations. This sensitivity study focuses on Europe. The synthetic observations are created by TM5 forward model simulations. The inversions of these synthetic observations are performed using virtually no knowledge on the a priori spatial and temporal distribution of emissions, i.e. the emissions are derived mainly from the atmospheric signal detected by the measurement network. Using the European network of stations for which continuous or weekly flask measurements are available for 2001, the synthetic experiments can retrieve the "true" annual total emissions for single countries such as France within 20%, and for all North West European countries together within ~5%. However, larger deviations are obtained for South and East European countries due to the scarcity of stations in the measurement network. Upgrading flask sites to stations with continuous measurements leads to an improvement for central Europe in emission estimates. For realistic emission estimates over the whole European domain, however, a major extension of the number of stations in the existing network is required. We demonstrate the potential of an extended network of a total of ~60 European stations to provide realistic emission estimates over the whole European domain.
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Adam-Bagley, Chris, and Mahmoud Abubaker. "Margaret Archer (1943-2023) on Critical Realism and Morphogenesis: Linking Critical Realist Research Models from East and West." Journal of Critical Realism in Socio-Economics (JOCRISE) 2, no. 1 (October 26, 2023): 83–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.21111/jocrise.v2i1.46.
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Critical Realism (CR) is a philosophical approach to social science research, social action, and social change activism. It provides a framework for social scientists whose value commitments leads them to view the construction of social phenomenon in critical ways, which identify the often hidden oppressive elements in social structures. This understanding of a ‘new’ reality underlies the advocacy of change strategies, and the initiation of dialogue between members of disadvantaged and oppressed groups through the process of ‘morphogenesis’ This model of dialogues enabling change and the ‘unmasking of alienation’ stem from the work of Roy Bhaskar, and has been developed by Margaret Archer and other European scholars. An important feature of CR has been the application by the emergence of shared understanding, by social scientists from different value traditions (e.g. Christianity, Secular Humanism, and Islam). The JOCRISE in taking CR understandings of oppressive social forces into new fields, and with fresh CR models, is welcomed. In appraising the new model from JOCRISE, we offer both Cartesian dualism, and Popper’s World 3 model as elements of a new, dynamic focus on social change advocacy.
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Hung, Ho-Fung. "Orientalist Knowledge and Social Theories: China and the European Conceptions of East-West Differences from 1600 to 1900." Sociological Theory 21, no. 3 (September 2003): 254–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9558.00188.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper examines the long-term development of Orientalism as an intellectual field, with the European learning of China between ca.1600 and ca.1900 as an exemplary case. My analysis will be aided by a theoretical framework based on a synthesis of the world-system and network perspectives on long-run intellectual change. Analyzing recurrent debates on China within European intellectual circles, I demonstrate that the Western conception of the East has been oscillating between universalism and particularism, and between naive idealization and racist bias. This oscillation is a function as much of the changing political economy of the capitalist world-system as of the endogenous politics of the intellectual field. Despite their contrasting views, both admirers and despisers of the East viewed non-Western civilizations as uniform wholes that had never changed. I argue that the fundamental fallacy of Orientalism lay, not in its presumptions about the ontological differences between East and West and the former's inferiority, as previous critics of Orientalism have supposed, but in its reductionism. Understanding non-Western civilizations in their full dynamism and heterogeneity is a critical step toward the renewal of the twentieth-century social theories that were built upon and impaired by the Orientalist knowledge accumulated in the previous centuries.
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Cribb, Robert. "Burma’s Entry into ASEAN: Background and Implications." Asian Perspective 22, no. 3 (December 1998): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/apr.1998.a921088.
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Abstract: The decision by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to admit Burma (Myanmar) as a member in mid-1997 seriously strained the association’s relations with its dialogue partners in the West. Both European countries and the United States urged that Burma be excluded from ASEAN because of its record of suppressing democracy. ASEAN persisted with Burma’s admission, however for several reasons. The association, formed in 1967 to limit outside engagement in the Southeast Asia region, did not wish to be instructed on its membership policy by the West, and especially not on the grounds of internal political practice. Many ASEAN countries also feared that Burma might fall into China’s orbit if it were excluded. Some groups in ASEAN also saw Burma’s resource-rich economy as a useful complement to the more developed economies further east. Although some authorities suggested that ASEAN might put pressure on Burma to improve its human-rights performance, the impact of Burma’s membership seems most likely to be in the field of economic transparency and infrastructure development.
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Yakimova, S. I. "POETIC DISCOURSE OF VSEVOLOD NIKANOROVICH IVANOV IN THE CONTEXT OF HISTORIOSOPHICAL VIEWS OF THE EURASIAN WRITER." Culture and Text, no. 50 (2022): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37386/2305-4077-2022-3-47-63.
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The article is devoted to the consideration of the genre and thematic features of the poetic discourse of Vsevolod Nikanorovich Ivanov (1888-1971), a representative of the Far Eastern emigration (1920-1940s) in the context of the influence, on the one hand, of the traditions of Russian classical poetry and the philosophical and aesthetic searches of the Silver Age figures, on the other hand, the philosophy and culture of China, the country that received the exiles from Russia. The author of the article, revealing the commitment to the poetic discourse of Vs. N. Ivanov to ancient mythological culture, as one of the fundamental foundations of European culture and Russian classics, complements his characterization by considering the poetic heritage of Vs. N. Ivanov Eurasian in the context of the dialogue between the cultures of the West and the East.
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Mitova, Mirena. "International Fair of Plovdiv in Bulgaria’s Trade Relations with Underdeveloped Countries in the Second Half of the 1950s." Hiperboreea 10, no. 2 (December 1, 2023): 200–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/hiperboreea.10.2.0200.
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Abstract Josef Stalin’s death in 1953 was the cause of a change in the policy of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and the Eastern bloc. If this led to a tentative détente on the European continent in East-West dialogue, Nikita Khrushchev’s new policy toward the Third World strained competition with the United States for strategic influence over postcolonial countries. Eastern European states were encouraged to increase their contact with the former colonies at all levels. Therefore, participation of underdeveloped countries increased at the International Fair Plovdiv in the 1950s. Research curiosity, however, was sparked by the following questions: What was the place of the International Fair Plovdiv in the context of struggle for Third World countries and markets? Did Bulgaria use it only as a weapon in the Eastern bloc’s common diplomacy, or did it have economic benefits for expanding trade relations with underdeveloped countries? This article tries to answer these questions by referring to archival documents, reports in periodicals, and Bulgarian and foreign publications on the subject.
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Borutka, Tadeusz. "The vision of a united Europe and Poland’s place and role in it in the light of St. John Paul II’s teaching." Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II 12, no. 2 (September 15, 2022): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15633/pch.12203.
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The entire history of Europe and the awareness of a common identity formed in its course are clearly and deeply marked by Christianity and indicate a close relationship between the Church and Europe. Both in the West and in the East, the Church desires to contribute to the European Union. It feels responsible for the shape of the Old Continent and is convinced that it can also make an important contribution to the establishment of new institutional forms.In the age of pluralism and respect for all religious beliefs it is unacceptable that a tendency to discriminate against any religion should come to the fore. Since the European Union engages in dialogue with political parties, trade unions and representatives of various religions, it would be incomprehensible if the same attitude was not displayed towards Christianity.Above all, one must not ignore the transcendent dimension possessed by each human being. Indifference to this dimension may lead to tragic consequences and the European continent has seen plenty of those painful examples throughout its history. From the beginning of his pontificate, John Paul II expressed a great interest in European affairs. He showed Europeans a vision of unity in diversity, creative fidelity to Christian origins, in freedom, truth and solidarity.
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Milbank, J. "Pavel Florensky and the Future of Thought." Quarterly Journal of St Philaret s Institute, no. 48 (November 30, 2023): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.25803/26587599_2023_48_31.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article examines the legacy of priest Pavel Florensky in the context of European culture from antiquity to the present day. The dialogue in which Florensky is a perceiving and continuing comrade-in-arms is conducted with Plato, Aristotle, with the Fathers of the Church and Neoplatonists of different eras, with Nicholas of Cusa, Leibniz, with mathematicians — from the Pythagoreans to Kantor; Florensky’s thought echoes Kant’s constructions and builds on them. Belonging to the culture of the “Silver Age”, Father Pavel meets Nietzsche at a philosophical crossroads, becomes friends with Andrei Bely, becomes the object of criticism from Fr. Georgy Florov sky. In the space of Florensky’s creative dialogue and polemics with philosophers and theologians, the essence of his trinitology and sophiology is revealed. The most important property of the heritage of Fr. Pavel Florensky is a combination of traditionalism, consisting in strict adherence to the teachings of the church fathers and the Orthodox tradition as a whole, and freshness of ideas (up to the coincidence with the understanding of contemporary political trends), which is urgently needed in the modern Christian world both in the East and in the West.
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Šakalys, Raimondas, and Nijolė Batarlienė. "INVESTIGATION OF SOLUTIONS FOR INTEROPERABILITY BETWEEN INTERMODAL TRANSPORT TERMINALS." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 12 (February 20, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2020.11116.
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The poorly developed network and the low level of interconnection between sea and land terminals along the North-South and East-West corridors in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) have a negative impact and are a major obstacle to the international competitiveness of these corridors. In order to respond to this challenge, three new high-tech intermodal transport centers have been formed in Lithuania along the trans-European (TEN-T). These centers are designated to respond flexibly to the needs of local and international markets, taking advantage of intermodal transport. The main aim of the article is to explore the attitudes and interests of intermodal transport terminal managers, and other decision makers and experts to use the East-West and North-South international corridors as well as their intentions to develop interoperability between terminals. Based on the research, an innovative model of synchronization transport flows between major intermodal terminals have been proposed.
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Clasen, Ralf. "Die Transformation der Landwirtschaft in Ostdeutschland und ihre Folgen für die Agrarpolitik und die berufständische Interessenvertretung." PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 27, no. 108 (September 1, 1997): 407–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v27i108.872.
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This paper analyzes the transition of the agricultural sector in East Germany from 1990 to 1997. One preliminary finding is that the East-German agrarian structure differs in several respects from the one in the westem part of the country. The author argues that it was due to the strategic behavior of the political actors during the transition that conflicts of interest caused by structural divergency were avoided. Most important in this respect was the policy choice of the West German farmers' interest organization. In order to maintain its representational monopoly, it managed to integrale East German farmers by modifying the ideological basis of membership integration and the instruments of rhetoric used in the past. By integrating East German farmers into the sectoral policy network, intranational conflicts over state transfers were avoided and East Gennan agriculture found itself in a good position to improve its competitiveness and its influence on the reform ofnational and European agricultural policies.
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Medvedeva, Yulia P. "“Chinese style” in music at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries." Contemporary Musicology, no. 2 (2020): 50–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.56620/2587-9731-2020-2-050-074.
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The study focuses on the features of perception and interpretation of China and Chinese culture in European music at the turn of the 19th/20th centuries—yet another heyday for chinoiserie (“Chinese style”) in art. The author uses an integrated approach which encompasses cultural-historical, sociological, comparative-historical and musical-analytical methods. The analysis of Russian and European music associated with the “Chinese style” proves that the development of chinoiserie in the late 19th-early 20th century was influenced by changing cultural and political relations between China and the major European powers. The main milestones were the European colonial policy of the 19th century, growing export of exotic goods as well as the acquaintance with the culture of the Far East at the World Exhibitions. This was followed by the aggravation of relations, the Boxer Rebellion, extermination of Christians, the invasion of China by troops of eight European counties, the Battle of Beijing. Under the influence of these events, the romantic view of the Celestial Empire, sophistication and oriental bliss are gradually fading into the past, and China begins to be portrayed as wild, spontaneously unbridled and deadly. The evolution of the "Chinese style" also reflected the change in artistic landmarks of that time: from late romantic incarnations of exoticism through "playing rococo" and the exaggerated beauty of modernity to the barbaric wild sounds of expressionism; from the "generalized East"—to an increasingly national character and an expansion of the range of specific means (texture, mode, timbres, tempos, etc.). It is the first time that musical chinoiserie of the turn of the centuries is considered as an integral phenomenon, which makes the study relevant. The paper outlines its evolution and characteristic features and concludes that the path of chinoiserie in music development at the turn of the 19th/20th centuries is the path to the emerging dialogue between the cultures of the East and West.
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Leschke, Janine, and Silvana Weiss. "With a Little Help from My Friends: Social-Network Job Search and Overqualification among Recent Intra-EU Migrants Moving from East to West." Work, Employment and Society 34, no. 5 (July 3, 2020): 769–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017020926433.
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This article examines the relationship between social networks as a job-finding channel and overqualification among recent EU migrants from Central Eastern to Western European countries. Social networks composed of relatives, friends or acquaintances can facilitate access to employers and thereby enhance labour market integration. However, when labour markets are segmented, (co-ethnic) social networks might also contribute to locking migrants into sectors and occupations characterised by high migrant shares, increasing the probability of a mismatch between skills and occupations. Drawing on data from the special module on migrants and their descendants in the 2014 European Labour Force Survey, this article considers subjective and objective overqualification. The analysis reveals that finding jobs through social networks bears a higher risk of overqualification in general, and especially for recent Central Eastern European migrants. The results point to a complex relationship between social-network job search, sectoral segmentation and destination-country language proficiency.
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Astashkin, R. S. "Place of the Muscovy state in the expansion of the Europeans to the East in the XVI–XVII centuries (for the statement of the problem)." Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology 27, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-0445-2021-27-4-19-28.
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The article attempts to pose the research problem of the place of the Russian state in the process of the expansion of Europeans to the East in the period of the XVIXVII centuries. The actual basis of the proposed topic consists of the numerous attempts by the representatives of the conditional West to use the specifics of the geographical location of the then Russia in order to establish and further develop the contacts with the particular Asian states. The experience of the complex, consistent and comprehensive coverage of this problem today is practically absent both in the domestic and the foreign historiography. The study of the place and role of the Muscovy empire in the process of penetration of the Western European powers, commercial and clerical corporations to the East is possible on the basis of an analysis of a wide range of written sources of Russian and foreign origins. This publication includes an approximate plan (a program) for the subsequent study of the stated issues. It seems appropriate to highlight the independent thematic aspects, among which the following should be named exclusively: the characteristics of the individual routes connecting the Russian lands with the East, the circumstances and consequences of the European travels to Asia in transit through the Russian territory, the participation of the Asian side (in particular, Persia) in the processes and events under consideration. One of the central places in the research program should be occupied by the little-studied question of the Muscovy empires own position on the problem of the European-Asian transit. In addition, the analysis of the historical experience of the intercontinental dialogue directly in the dominions of the Russian tsars is of considerable interest. The article concludes about the unconditional scientific value, prospects and novelty of the formulated problem.
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Meardi, Guglielmo, Luigi Burroni, Maarten Keune, Andrea Bellini, Manuela Galetto, Anna Mori, Noëlle Payton, and Gemma Scalise. "Opportunities and Traps for Trade Unions in European Employment Policy Initiatives." Zeitschrift für Sozialreform 67, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 306–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zsr-2021-0011.
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Abstract After some promise in the 1990s, European unions have grown increasingly disillusioned with regard to the results of EU social policy and EU social dialogue. The paper analyses the extent and reasons of this disillusion by looking at the impact on social dialogue of the Active Inclusion Recommendation launched by the European Commission at the outset of the economic crisis in 2008. The Recommendation led to a tripartite framework agreement at the EU level in 2010 (the only such agreement in a decade), which was then to be implemented at national and regional levels. With a multilevel governance approach, the paper looks at the extent to which social dialogue on Active Inclusion at the EU level, in six EU countries (France, Italy, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and the UK) and six regions (Rhône-Alpes, Lombardy, Lower Silesia, Catalonia, West Sweden and Greater Manchester) within those countries was somehow revitalised. The analysis, looking at both top-down and bottom-up processes and based on documentary analysis and interviews, shows that the initiative displays ambiguities similar to those of typical composite EU principles, such as famously the case of ‘flexicurity’. The multilevel governance of the EU, including the interaction between ‘soft’ employment policies and evolving ‘hard’ Eurogovernance tools, and with poor horizontal and vertical coordination, resulted in multiple distortions of the principle and, over time, to frustration. Unions’ engagement varies by level, country and region, reflecting both traditional national approaches and the local perception of ‘active inclusion’ as an opportunity. Although trade unions were more welcoming of ‘active inclusion’ than they had been for flexicurity, similar related threats and opportunities led to modest achievements and a gradual fading of the idea at the European and national levels, with some more opportunities however at the regional level. The paper concludes that, if trade unions want to engage with the idea of a European Social Model and with Eurogovernance, they could develop stronger networks among regional organisations.
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Yang, Meina, Eduard Van Wijk, Jingxiang Pang, Yu Yan, Jan van der Greef, Roeland Van Wijk, and Jinxiang Han. "A Bridge of Light: Toward Chinese and Western Medicine Perspectives Through Ultraweak Photon Emissions." Global Advances in Health and Medicine 8 (January 2019): 216495611985593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2164956119855930.
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The gap between Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine (CM) is closely related to the diversity in culture, philosophy, and scientific developments. Although numerous studies have evaluated the efficacy of acupuncture, the gap in explanatory disease models has not been bridged so far. Developments in research of ultraweak photon emission (UPE) and organized dynamics of metabolism and its relationship with technological advances in metabolomics have created the conditions to bring the basics of the medicines of the West and East together which might open the avenue for a scientific dialogue. The paper discusses (1) the UPE in relation to Qi energy, meridians and acupuncture points in CM, (2) the biochemical explanation of photon emission of living systems in Western biomedicine, and (3) the progress in research on the large-scale organization and dynamics of the metabolic network including photon metabolism.
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Течонашинська, Людмила. "Між реальністю і міфом: дискурс окциденталізму. Міжкультурні рефлексі'і та досвід дотикальності". Pomiędzy. Polonistyczno-Ukrainoznawcze Studia Naukowe 1, № 1 (2015): 253–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/pomi201518.
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Between Reality and Myths: Discourse to Occidentalism. Cross-Cultural Reflections and Contiguity Experience. The issue of national identity study is considered through the lens of such concepts as globalism and Europeanness. Now this aspect of self-conscience is being arficulated and discussed especially actively in Ukrainian, Polish, Russian and other sci- entific reflections. In this regard, the theme of the image of Europe and its derivative concept of Europeanness as a kind of code which is present in these national literatures is actualized. Outlined by the author the receph’ve image of intuih've Europe which is modified by different models of nafional mentality is of general importance. For an insight on clearer formation of the image of Europe the author gives examples of its presence in national literatures. Addressing Ukrainian, Polish, Russian scientific reflections the author transforms the issue of intercultural dialogue in the context of national-European into the issue of polylogue of receptive models of identity in a West-East paradigm.
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Dujisin, Zoltán. "Reassessing the EU Memory Divide: Dereifying Collective Memory through a Memory Regimes Approach." History & Memory 36, no. 1 (March 2024): 140–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/ham.00006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract: This article questions the persisting notion that the European Union's memory is fractured between East and West, a notion that contributes to the reification of states as legitimately embodying national collective memories. It does so by building on actor-centered examinations of the EU memory divide, which is manifested in a challenge to the EU's Holocaust-centered narrative by an antitotalitarian memory regime, defined as an institutionalized network of politically driven historiographic expertise. The article shows that the antitotalitarian memory regime reflects a political culture of remembrance centered on a "politics of certainty" that disregards open historiographic disputes and contests the EU's hitherto prevailing "politics of regret."
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Darie, Flavius Cosmin, Alexandra Dorina Miron, and Iulia Cristina Ciurea. "Geoeconomic Dynamics in a New Economic Global Order from West to East." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 18, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 469–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2024-0041.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The global economic landscape is in a state of flux, with the COVID-19 pandemic starkly highlighting the interdependent yet unequal and unstable nature of the global political economy. Moving beyond traditional geopolitical considerations of conflict, state-centricism, and security concerns, the current environment is witnessing the emergence of new hegemonic rivalries involving established, rising, and aspiring powers. This shift is not merely theoretical but practical, characterized more by geoeconomic dynamics than traditional geopolitical factors. Moreover, we attribute the diversity in state strategies to a blend of the network's structural design, on one hand, and the domestic institutions and norms of states seeking to leverage these network structures, on the other hand. The full exploitation of the advantages of weaponized interdependence is reserved for states with physical or legal control over hub nodes. Entities possessing such power currently include the United States, the European Union, and, increasingly, China, all these being, capable to enjoy the benefits of weaponized interdependence, even though other actors may still play influential roles. This research investigates the origins, outcomes, and key players shaping geoeconomics on a global scale within the context of a transforming global order. The often-mentioned normative force in foreign policies of the EU, the largest singularly unified economic area worldwide, tends to be overshadowed by its lack of homogeneity and perspective diversity. This gap is filled by emerging regional and global powers. Furthermore, Argentina's decision not to join the group starting from 2024 raises the question which side tends to gain majority within Western vs. Eastern challenge: whether the discounted Argentina or the newly included top oil exporters Saudi Arabia, Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia, and the United Arab Emirates.
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Gabsatarova, I., B. Assinovskaya, S. Baranov, V. Karpinsky, Ya Konechnaya, L. Munirova, L. Nadezhka, et al. "SEISMICITY of the RUSSIAN PART of EAST EUROPEAN PLATFORM and ADJACENT TERRITORIES in 2015." Earthquakes in Northern Eurasia, no. 24 (December 14, 2021): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35540/1818-6254.2021.24.17.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is reported that 41 stationary seismic stations, 2 arrays, and 7 temporary seismic stations, located in the area of Novovoronezh and Kursk nuclear stations, monitored seismicity of the Russian territory of the East European Platform (EEP) in 2015. The registration capabilities of the seismic network at the EEP as a whole were estimated based on the average station noise level and the equation for the energy decay of seismic phases. Zones with the best capabilities have been allocated. A feature of seismicity in 2015 is the manifestation of earthquakes of moderate magnitudes (ML=2.7–3.9) in the peripheral regions (in the southwest, west, and northwest) and in zones associated with paleorift structures: in the southwest – with the Dnieper Donetsk and in the northeast – with the Kirov-Kazhim and Soligalich (Central Russian) aulacogenes. The results of the macroseismic survey are given for the earthquake in Poltava on February 2, 2015, with M=3.7; focal mechanisms of two earthquakes (03.02.2015 and 12.06.2015) are constructed. According to the data of the Latvian Center, an earthquake was recorded in the region of Lithuania bordering the Kaliningrad region. Weaker natural seismicity with ML≤2.5 was recorded in Karelia and the regions bordering with Finland, near the Kandalaksha Bay, near the Khibiny, and Lovozersky massifs on the Kola Peninsula, and on the territory of the Voronezh crystalline massif.
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Kļaviņš, Kaspars. "Emptiness/Nothingness as Explained by Ryu Yongmo (Tasŏk) (1890–1981) and Isaac Jacob Schmidt (1779–1847): A Cross-Cultural Study of the Integration of Asian Intellectual Heritage into the Worldview of Two Protestant Christians." Religions 15, no. 7 (July 19, 2024): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel15070871.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The concepts of emptiness and nothingness are extremely important in Eastern as well as Western spiritual traditions. In East Asia, they are relevant in Daoism, Confucianism (in the context of integrating Daoist ideas) and Buddhism (in Śūnyatā), while in the European Christian discourse they are significant in the context of creatio ex nihilo, kenotic theories, individual self-emptying out of humility and Nihilianism. These concepts have formed and continue to form the basis of important intercultural interactions, influencing philosophical and scholarly discourse in both the “East” and “West” to the present day. This article compares the perception of emptiness/nothingness from two representatives of Protestantism: the Korean Christian philosopher Ryu Yongmo (1890–1981, pen name Tasŏk) and the Moravian missionary Isaac Jacob Schmidt (1779–1847), who was a pioneer of Buddhist studies in Europe. A comparison between Schmidt and Tasŏk is important, because tracing the evolution of the worldview of both thinkers reveals a great similarity in how they reconciled the spiritual heritage of Asia with the principles of Western Protestant Christianity despite their different backgrounds. It also could shed new light on the possibility of dialogue between Christianity and Buddhism, especially in the context of two major philosophical systems of Mahāyāna Buddhism: Yogācāra and Mādhyamika, which were once so important in East Asia. In addition, it is exactly the interpretation of emptiness/nothingness that forms the cornerstone of the analogy of the religious–philosophical ideas of the two thinkers compared in the article.
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Babarykina, Nadiia, Olga Venger, Tetiana Sergiіenko, Volodymyr Gotsuliak, and Olha Marmilova. "European Experience of Decentralization in a Civil Society in the Postmodern Era." Postmodern Openings 13, no. 1 Sup1 (March 14, 2022): 137–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/po/13.1sup1/418.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the postmodern era, European political philosophy has introduced several concepts. These concepts have ideologically prepared Western countries for decentralization reform. Being still “in process”, reflection on the proper structure of postmodern society is marked by ambiguous and often contradictory ideas. The very view on the state as a de-hierarchical, rhizomorphic and horizontal phenomenon presupposes numerous ways of reforming it. Throughout their histories, European countries have shifted from confrontations, hostilities and rivalries towards new mechanisms of fruitful relationships between civil society and state institutions. Nowadays, many aspects are influencing the elaboration and implementation of strategies on civil society development in different countries. These aspects include the following: different starting conditions; the presence or absence of basic principles of public space development; the possibility of fulfilling civic practices’ potential; the level of political participation. West European countries have managed to create a viable structure to support the development of civil society, as well as maintain a stable dialogue between it and the state. However, the process is still on: effective practices of interaction between them are being developed; conditions for more effective cooperation are being improved; new financial instruments are being created and implemented. All Central and East European countries have a common understanding of civil society as one of the most important actors in developing cooperation with the government. At the same time, they should be able to solve existing essential problems, such as low awareness about global development problems and the population’s unreadiness to meet the immediate objectives of civil society development.
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Сенчук, Ірина. "THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE CULTURAL OTHER IN JOSEPH CONRAD’S STORY «KARAIN: A MEMORY»." Sultanivski Chytannia, no. 8 (June 21, 2019): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/sch.2019.8.8-12.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aim. The article aims at examining Joseph Conrad’s vision of the Malay region and its image building forces in his story «Karain: A Memory» (1897), which articulates the representation of some late 19th-century social and cultural constructs of the Other and becomes a part of literary dialogue between East and West. Methods. An imagological approach and the strategies of cultural studies are applied in the article to highlight how Conrad’s story «Karain: A Memory» is used to assert the Other’s cultural identity, constructing and deconstructing some national stereotypes and cultural prejudices of the period. Results. The idea is that the fictional world of the Malayan Archipelago as reconstructed by Conrad through the narrative of «Karain: A Memory» contributes to the meanings attached to the image of the Malays (that is national characterisation) and serves as a medium in the accumulative Western construction of the East and the cultural Other. Scientific novelty. There has been made an attempt to prove that Conrad’s works demonstrate the complex manner of textual representations in which nineteenth-century cultural assumptions, concerning European civilization and colonial periphery, are simultaneously revived and challenged. The practical significance. The article may serve for the further research of the cultural Other and its representation in the English literature.
Key words: cultural Other, national stereotypes, cultural identity, colonial discourse, Joseph Conrad.