Дисертації: "European area of civil justice"

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Reichling, Noemie. "Les principes directeurs du procès civil dans l'Espace judiciaire européen." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC021/document.

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Depuis l’entrée en vigueur du Traité d’Amsterdam, le 1er mai 1999 et la « communautarisation » de la coopération judiciaire civile, l’Union européenne a adopté de nombreux instruments applicables aux litiges transfrontaliers, au point que l’on peut aujourd’hui parler d’un « droit judiciaire privé européen ». Or, il est permis de s’interroger sur les principes qui le gouvernent. Par comparaison, le Code de procédure civile français comprend un chapitre entier consacré aux principes directeurs du procès civil. De l’étude des instruments de l’Espace judiciaire civil européen, quatre principes directeurs ont été identifiés : le principe du contradictoire, le principe du rôle actif du juge, le principe de célérité et le principe du dialogue transfrontalier. Il est alors possible, dans une démarche prospective, de s’interroger sur leur éventuelle consécration en droit de l’Union. Un certain nombre d’obstacles ont été relevés mais aucun ne paraît dirimant. Possible, cette consécration semble également souhaitable. Ses différents apports ont en effet été mis en évidence. Il restait à déterminer la base juridique ainsi que l’instrument normatif de cette consécration. À ce titre, l’article 81 du Traité sur le fonctionnement de l’Union européenne relatif à la coopération judiciaire en matière civile pourrait servir de base juridique. Par ailleurs, c’est lavoie du règlement et non celle de la directive qui a été ici privilégiée
Since the Treaty of Amsterdam entered into force on the 1st of May 1999 and the “communitarisation” of judicial cooperation in civil matters, the European Union has adopted many legal instruments relating to cross-border litigation, to the extent that one can now refer to a distinct “European International Private Law”, the governing principles of which have yet to be defined. By comparison, the French Code of Civil Procedure includes an entire chapter devoted to the governing principles applicable to civil trials. Based on a study of the European civil justice area, four governing principles can be identified: the adversarial principle, the principle of the judge’s active role, the principle of urgency and the principle of cross-border dialogue. In prospective terms, it follows that the possibility of these four principles’ being enacted in EU law is a matter worthy of examination. Several obstacles can be identified, none of which appears to be insuperable. Having been recognised as a possibility, such a consecration also seems desirable on the grounds of its several demonstrable advantages. The legal basis and vehicle of the above-mentioned four principles’ legal enshrinement remain to be determined. In this regard, article 81 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, pertaining to judicial cooperation in civil matters, couldserve as a legal basis. In terms of implementation, this study also argues in favor of regulations over directives

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2

Roccati, Marjolaine. "Le rôle du juge national dans l’espace judiciaire européen, du marché intérieur à la coopération civile." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100182/document.

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Le citoyen de l’Union fait l’objet actuellement d’une attention particulière, se retrouvant notamment au centre du programme de Stockholm récemment adopté sur l’espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice. Toutefois, la notion du citoyen est trop étroite pour y loger le justiciable européen, déjà visé par la Cour dans son arrêt Van Gend en Loos, bénéficiaire d’une justice européenne qui progresse alors que se développe l’espace judiciaire européen.Dans ce domaine, les normes judiciaires nationales sont encadrées au service d’un droit à une protection juridictionnelle effective et uniforme, qui recouvre deux dimensions : au sein du marché intérieur, il permet la sauvegarde des droits que les justiciables tiennent des normes européennes ; dans le domaine de la coopération civile, il vise à atténuer les obstacles résultant du caractère transfrontière d’un litige. Le juge national est le relais de l’intervention européenne. Son importance grandit au fur et à mesure que les normes judiciaires de l’Union se développent. Il peut le cas échéant adapter son droit national, voire s’affranchir d’éventuelles contraintes. Il devient par ailleurs l’artisan d’une justice horizontale, organisée entre plusieurs juges nationaux, dans le domaine de la coopération civile.Dans l’ordre européen, le juge national n’est pas véritablement encadré par la Cour de justice, en raison des limites inhérentes à la fonction de la Cour et des réserves persistantes qu’opposent les États membres aux normes européennes. La Cour tend par ailleurs à déléguer de plus en plus l’interprétation de certaines notions au juge national. Le rôle du juge national se transforme ainsi en celui d’un véritable égal européen
European Union citizens are currently the focus of special attention, notably being central to the Stockholm Programme recently adopted in the area of Freedom, Security and Justice. However, the notion of citizenship is too narrow to include people envisaged by the Court of Justice in its judgment Van Gend en Loos, who are the beneficiaries of a European justice that is expanding as the European Judicial Area develops.In this sphere, national judicial norms are subject to the right to an effective and uniform jurisdictional protection, which has two dimensions: in the Internal Market, it enables the rights derived from European law to be protected; in the field of Civil Cooperation, it tends to reduce obstacles arising from cross-border litigation. The judges in Member States are the intermediaries for European intervention. Their importance increases as European judicial norms develop. The judge in a Member State may, if necessary, adapt, or even depart from the constraints of, national law. Furthermore, he becomes the architect of a truly horizontal justice in the area of Civil Cooperation, in which several national judges participate.In the European legal system, the national judge is not really restricted by the European Court of Justice (ECJ), because of limitations inherent in the Court’s function, and the continuing reservations of Member States opposed to European law. What is more, the European Court increasingly tends to delegate the interpretation of particular concepts to the national judge. Judges in Member States are thus gaining the status of partners equal to the judges of the ECJ in European justice

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Françoise, Marylou. "L'office du juge en conflit de lois : Etude en droit de l'Union européenne." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSE3044.

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L’élaboration de règles de conflit de lois uniformes par l’Union européenne accompagne le projet du développement d’un espace européen de justice civile visant à garantir la prévisibilité des litiges. L’uniformisation européenne des règles de conflit de lois ne s’est accompagnée d’aucun régime procédural unifié. L’internationalité du litige et la mise en œuvre de la règle de conflit de source européenne sont ainsi tributaires des ordonnancements procéduraux internes. Si, en droit international privé traditionnel, l’office du juge justifie d’un traitement purement national du fait de sa nature procédurale, l’hétérogénéité des systèmes procéduraux interroge au regard des objectifs poursuivis par l’Union. Plus particulièrement, le caractère optionnel de la règle de conflit généré par un traitement procédural national hétérogène contredit les impératifs d’uniformité et d’effectivité commandés par l’espace judiciaire européen. La création de règles de conflit de lois uniformes ne suffit pas à établir une pratique judiciaire commune.Afin d’assurer le développement d’un espace commun de justice civile, l’uniformisation des règles de conflit de lois doit s’accompagner d’un encadrement procédural général de l’office du juge. La présente étude invite à réfléchir à un modèle d’office européen en conflit de lois, à l’aune de l’européanisation ponctuelle dont fait déjà l’objet la réalisation de la règle de conflit de lois au travers des lois de police et de l’autonomie de la volonté. Il devra être généralisé en systématisant l’application d’office par le juge de la règle de conflit de lois tout en permettant aux parties de se manifester lorsque la règle le permet
The development of uniform choice-of-law rules by the European Union accompanies the project of developing a European area of civil justice the aim of which is guaranteeing the predictability of disputes. The European standardization of choice-of-law rules has not gone along with a unified procedural regime. The internationality of the dispute and the implementation of the conflict rule from European sources consequently depend on internal procedural arrangements. Although the procedural statute of the choice-of-law rule justifies a strictly national treatment because of its procedural nature in traditional private international law, the heterogeneity of the procedural systems raises questions about the objectives pursued by the Union. The optional nature of the choice-of-law rule generated by national procedural treatment, in particular, contradicts the imperatives of uniformity and effectiveness required by the European standard. The creation of uniform conflict-of-law rules does not establish a common judicial practice on its own.To ensure the development of a common area of civil justice, the standardization of choice-of-law rules must go along with a general procedural framework for the procedural statute of the choice-of-law rule. This study suggests us to reflect on a model of a European judicial practice in conflict of laws, in the light of the ad hoc framework that already exists in mandatory provisions and parties’ autonomy. It should be generalized by systematizing an ex officio application of the choice-of-law rule by the judge while allowing the parties to come forward when the rule allows it

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4

Sayers, Debbie. "Human rights and criminal justice in the European Union : making rights real in the area of freedom, security and justice." Thesis, University of Essex, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.537943.

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5

KUCUKSU, AYSEL. "The Role of the European Court of Justice in Framing the Principles of Global Distributive Justice through the Area of Asylum." Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/204538.

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At the crossroads between political philosophy and law. Research interest and project relevance: the changing nature of forced migration and the rising number of asylum seekers. State of the art: global justice theories on migration and Martha Fineman’s ‘vulnerability thesis’. The idiosyncrasies of the ECJ. The idiosyncrasies of the CEAS as a site of overlapping legalities. Empirical evidence of preoccupation with procedural justice at the ECJ. The ‘vulnerability thesis’: bridging the gap between the disciplines of political philosophy and law.

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6

Ripoll-Servent, Ariadna. "Shifting sands and changing minds : the role of the European Parliament in the area of freedom, security and justice." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/7548/.

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After the extension of the European Parliament's (EP) decision-making powers introduced by the Treaties of Amsterdam and Lisbon, it was assumed that the EP would increase the democratic credentials of the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ) and, given the EP's traditional promotion of civil liberties and human rights, that it would also tip the balance towards a more rights-based approach. Six years on, these expectations have not been fulfilled. The objective of this study is to evaluate why the EP, now a co-legislator, has been unable (or unwilling) to maintain its past policy preferences. In order to understand this gap between expectations and actions, the study looks at three case studies (the ‘Data retention' directive, the ‘Returns' directive and the SWIFT Agreement) and compares the impact that the introduction of more powers for the EP has had on these different episodes. In order to maximise the number of possible explanations, the study uses rational-choice and constructivist institutionalist approaches to identify the reasons behind the change in the policy preferences of the EP. In this sense, it aims to uncover the levels and direction of change as well as the main conditions and drivers that led to the abandonment of its previous policy positions.

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7

Piorko, Iwona Daria. "Enlarging the area of freedom, security and justice : Poland's accession to the European Union in the field of external border controls." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424188.

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Norman, Ludvig. "Asyulum and Immigration in an Area of Freedom, Security and Justice : EU policy and the logic of securitization." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Social Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-886.

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The aim of this essayis to show how the issues of asylum and immigration have been formulated as security issues in EU policy by applying a discursive approach to policy analysis and securitization, analyzing selected policy texts produced by the European Commission and the Council for Justice and Home Affairs from 1999 to 2006. The positioning of these issues in the policy domain of 'Freedom, Security and Justice' has facilitated a linkage between these issues and issues like terrorism and organised crime and has enabled a formulation of asylum and immigration according to a logic of securitization. The analysis of policy texts aims at investigating how linkages between issues are represented, how these linkages shape issues, and how the policy, in formulating threats and responses, also represent the EU in very specific ways. Policy from this perspective is not the rational answer to an unambigous reality but rather, highly implicated in its production. An important part of this analysis is drawing out the implications of the policy, in terms of further policy development, as well as how the policy implicates particular ways of dealing with those represented as for instance 'illegal immigrants' or 'illegitimate asylum seekers'.

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9

Brown, David. "Aspects of the area of freedom, security and justice : assessing the progress made, commitment expressed and legitimacy of the implementation processes of European police co-operation and counter-terrorism." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU602062.

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One of the most significant features of the Third Pillar, which came into being as part of the Treaty of European Union, is the so-called 'implementation gap' between the expectations and aspirations of the member states in this area and the empirical reality. This regularly features in the standard literature on the Third Pillar, yet there has been little detailed research done to either measure or determine the root causes of such an occurrence. Rather than simply accept that such a 'gap' exists, this thesis attempts to measure the implementation gap in two distinct areas of internal security co-operation. These are two of the most under-researched areas within the Third Pillar, namely the development of the European Police Office (and related elements of police cooperation) and progress in the related area of a European counter-terrorist framework. A model of 'perfect implementation' has been devised utilising tests from three distinct schools of decision-making - foreign policy analysis, the implementation school (which has its own distinct subset of literature) and European decision-making. By applying tests in relation to the establishment of objectives, the question of leadership, the scale of the 'sacrifice' made and a detailed analysis of the legislative output of each area, the thesis measures how close the reality is to the ideal. In terms of the nature of objectives, an examination of the clarity and consistency of such aims will be determined at two levels. The overall 'metapolicy' of the Third Pillar - the creation of 'an area of freedom, security and justice'- is compared to the current enlargement process, in order to determine both the meaning of such a concept and to ascertain where the priorities of the member states actually lie. Certain terms used within the European Union and replicated within the literature, such as describing such areas as 'matters of common interest', will be analysed to determine their meaning and their applicability to the empirical reality. As a result, and complimenting the 'Good Governance' initiative of the European Commission, which aims to determine the appropriate level for each of the competencies of the EU, the legitimacy of the European level of decision-making will be examined in each area. In terms of determining the root causes of the 'implementation gap', the solution most commonly offered - both by practitioners and in the secondary literature - relates to the process of communitarisation, which has already begun for the areas such as immigration and asylum and judicial co-operation on civil matters. Yet, in the case of the two case studies examined in this thesis - European police cooperation and the European counter-terrorist framework - communitarisation is not forthcoming, with little mention made of the post-Amsterdam elements of the Third Pillar in the draft Treaty of Nice. As such, the control factor of the institutional framework of the European Union does not apply as directly in either case study. Both have shared the same institutional structure since the inception of the Third Pillar, a structure that is likely to remain untouched by the process of enlargement. Therefore, there is a need to look beyond the potential panacea of communitarisation for other potential explanations as to why greater progress has been made in one area as opposed to the other.

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Khoja, Sara. "The European Union: an area of freedom, justice and security - but for whom? : an examination of the legal status and rights of third country nationals within the European Union and their possible acquisition of European Union citizenship /." Berlin : Mensch & Buch Verl, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/501093729.pdf.

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CACCIATORE, Serena Sabrina Immacolata. "LA ORDEN EUROPEA DE INVESTIGACIÓN COMO INSTRUMENTO PARA LA LUCHA CONTRA LA CRIMINALIDAD ORGANIZADA. Significado, sujetos y herramientas en la obtención transnacional de pruebas." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/10447/572970.

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The study focuses on the analysis and investigation of the European instrument called the European Investigation Order (EIO), and its contributions to the fight against organised crime. This instrument was adopted by the European legislator, with the aim of achieving effective and swift cross-border judicial cooperation in criminal matters. In this context the main question that encourages research is: to what extent is the EIO a suitable instrument in the fight against organised crime? From this question the rest of the questions arise, articulating the structure of the thesis. In addition, in this work, we highlight the comparative perspective: the EIO instrument has been examined from a European perspective, in the context of judicial cooperation relations between the Member States of the European Union and thenational perspective: not only Spanish but also Italian, examining in depth the role of the competent bodies in both States.

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Couturier, Nicolas. "La protection des intérêts respectifs du créancier et du débiteur dans la saisie en compte bancaire. Etude en droit français, allemand, anglais et européen." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE3040.

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L’exécution forcée est une pierre essentielle à l’effectivité d’un système juridique. Ce constat, conjugué à l’omniprésence du compte bancaire dans les différents patrimoines a motivé cette étude sur l’état de la saisie en compte bancaire dans trois principaux modèles juridiques européens : la France, l’Allemagne et l’Angleterre. Un amalgame de convergences et de spécificités nationales en est ressorti, articulé autour d’une balance abstraite pesant les intérêts respectifs du créancier et du débiteur. A la confrontation entre droit à l’exécution du créancier et droit de l’exécution, qui garantit le respect des droits fondamentaux du débiteur, s’est ajoutée la prise en compte de différents intérêts susceptible d’être également présents : intérêt général, créanciers saisissants concurrents, collectivité de créanciers lors d’une procédure collective, etc. De plus, la protection spécifique de l’intérêt du débiteur-personne physique démontre la recherche des droits nationaux à protéger l’individu et sa dignité. Ce partage d’une philosophie de l’exécution interroge avec le phénomène d’européanisation des relations entre créancier et débiteur du au marché intérieur de l’Union européenne. Face au maintien de la fragmentation d’un espace juridique, coordonné par la politique de l’espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice, l’Union a déjà posé la première pierre grâce à la procédure d’ordonnance européenne de saisie conservatoire. Grâce aux analyses des droits nationaux étudiés et à celle du droit européen, l’élaboration en deux temps d’une saisie d’exécution européenne en compte bancaire fut permise afin de bâtir une procédure européenne d’exécution forcée
Enforcement is essential for the effectiveness of a legal system. This observation, combined with the omnipresence of the bank account in the different patrimonies, motivated this study on the bank account attachment in three main European legal models: France, Germany and England. An amalgam of convergences and national specificities emerged, based on an abstract balance weighing the respective interests of the creditor and the debtor. In addition to the conflict between the creditor's right to performance and the civil enforcement proceedings, which guarantees respect for the debtor's fundamental rights, various interests that may also be present were also taken into account : public interest, competing between creditors, collective creditors in collective proceedings, etc. The balance between the creditor's right to performance and the right to enforcement was also taken into account. Moreover, the specific protection of the debtor's interest as a natural person demonstrates the search for national rights to protect the individual and his dignity. This sharing of a philosophy of enforcement raises questions with the phenomenon of the europeanisation of relations between creditor and debtor due to the internal market of the European Union. Faced with the continuing fragmentation of a legal area coordinated by the area of freedom, security and justice, the Union has already laid the first stone with the European attachment order procedure. Thanks to the analysis of the national laws studied and the analysis of European law, the development in two stages of a European attachment order for bank accounts was made possible in order to build a European enforcement procedure

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Ošlejšková, Kateřina. "Předsednictví ČR v Radě EU v oblasti justice a vnitřních věcí." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-11626.

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The diploma thesis characterizes the institute of EU Council Presidency and deals with the Czech EU Council Presidency in the first half of 2009. More specifically, it concentrates on the Czech Presidency of Justice and Home Affairs Council. The thesis analyzes the Czech Presidency Programme in the area of Justice and Home Affrairs, as it was introduced at the beginning of 2009 and the thesis evaluates how much the Czech Republic managed to fulfil this programme. It answers the questions whether the Czech Republic has fulfilled the main functions of EU Council Presidency during its Presidency of Justice and Home Affairs Council and whether the Czech Republic managed to benefit from its advantageous position and present itself. Finally, the diploma thesis evaluates whether the Czech Republic generally passed during its Presidency in the area of Justice and Home Affairs.

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Sigafoos, Jennifer A. "The European Court of Justice and social policy : a mixed methods analysis of preliminary references from the EU-15, 1996-2009." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4d612059-2269-4e16-94bd-1e9180c2f3e2.

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Although social policy was once perceived to be solely within the purview of the nation state, there has been a move toward a more European social policy. The European Court of Justice for the European Communities (‘Court of Justice’ or ‘Court’) determines the scope of European law and how it affects national welfare states. The court’s decisions will affect not only the national law of the member states with regard to social policy but also the direction of European social policy as it expands. However, the ECJ does not choose the policy areas in which it makes its decisions, but instead reacts to the preliminary references that are sent by the national courts of the Member States. These preliminary references from the Member States will set the Court’s agenda. Preliminary references are unevenly distributed across the Member States of the EU, and some Member States’ preliminary references are concentrated in particular policy areas. The jurisprudence of the Court, and consequently the social policy of the EU, could be steered by this uneven distribution. This thesis will answer the threshold question of why scholars of social policy should care about the Court of Justice, with a legal analysis of some key themes in the Court’s decisions in the area of social policy. It will then employ a mixed methods research design to explain the variation in rates of social policy preliminary references from the EU-15. First, a Time Series Cross-Section (TSCS) model will be used to test a series of hypotheses generated from the literature, and three novel hypotheses, in a dataset of social policy preliminary references from the EU-15 from 1996 to 2009. Next, a Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) (Ragin 2000) will group the variables that were found to be significant into sets of conditions, or ‘causal pathways,’ that lead to higher and lower rates of social policy preliminary references. Finally, two qualitative case studies will be conducted, in the UK and France. Analysis of documentary evidence and 25 expert interviews in the two member states and at the Court of Justice will further explain and illuminate the differing usage of preliminary reference process. The analysis of the mixed methods is integrated in the final stage. Implications for the direction of EU law related to social policy and the future development of European social policy will be considered in the concluding chapter.

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Hijazi, Flora. "Le mineur dans l'espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD040.

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L'action de l'Union européenne dans le cadre de l'espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice témoigne depuis le début des années 2000, d'une attention croissante pour le mineur. C'est une évolution justifiée sans doute par des changements, en Europe, quant à la place du mineur dans la société et dans les migrations internationales. Ces changements affectent l'ensemble des matières abordées (asile, immigration, franchissement des frontières, matière civile et matière pénale). On assiste, par exemple, à la présence importante de mineurs non accompagnés dans les flux migratoires ou bien à la revendication d'une hausse de la délinquance juvénile. Or, si le mineur doit jouir des mêmes droits que tout individu, il doit également bénéficier d'un traitement particulier pour respecter à la fois son autonomie et sa vulnérabilité. L'étude s'interroge donc sur l'aptitude du droit de l'espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice à accorder une singularisation et une protection suffisantes au mineur. Pour cela, l'analyse s'intéresse aux interactions normatives au sein de cet espace (normes nationales, internationales et européennes) qui permettront de souligner les améliorations et les défaillances du droit de l'Union
The action of the European Union in the area of freedom, security and justice, testifies, since the beginning of 2000s, of an increasing interest for the minor. This is an evolution justified doubtless by changes, in Europe, about the position of the minor in society and in international migrations. These changes affect all the addressed matters (asylum, immigration, crossing of borders, civil law and penal law). We see, for example, a lot of unaccompanied minors in the migrations or the claiming of an increase of juvenile delinquency. Yet, if the minor must enjoy the same rights as every person, he must also benefit from a specific treatment to respect his autonomy and his vulnerability. This study wonders about the ability of the law of the area of freedom, security and justice, to grant to the minor a sufficient singularization and protection. For that, the analysis is interested in the normative interactions in this area (national, international and european norms) which will allow to underline improvements and faults of the EU law

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Lisboa, Ramon. "JUSTIÇA TRANSFRONTEIRIÇA: UMA ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DAS ESTRUTURAS JUDICIAIS E MECANISMOS DE COOPERAÇÃO JURISDICIONAL EM MATÉRIA CIVIL E COMERCIAL ENTRE MERCOSUL E UNIÃO EUROPÉIA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9703.

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Анотація:

This work approaches Cross-Border Justice as an instrument which affirms rights internationally. In facing the infinite multiplicity of juridical mechanisms which correspond to this paradigm, there arose the necessity to elect those which would be covered by this investigation, with the corresponding exclusion of all other possibilities. Before such an imposition, the most appropriate method of procedure in the treatment of the material was verified and found to be that of dissipative structures, to permit the analysis and evaluation of a system without all its data, providing equally non linear results, given that the objective was not certainty and security in the scientific investigation, but to attain the possibilities of the system. In this way, for the analysis of Cross Border Justice, the research collected data in two processes of regional integration which are at different stages: Mercosul and the European Union. It was decided to approach their judicial structures, in Mercosul forged from elements of classical international law, and in the European Union with the legitimate judicial structure of community law, which must be confused neither with national law, which is hierarchically superior, nor with international law, which is endowed with its own principology. As well as judicial structures, within each of the processes of integration, this research considered their respective instruments of jurisdictional cooperation in carrying out foreign sentencing (intrablock judgement), in civil and commercial material. It is in this unfolding that will be shown most clearly the intensity of integration between populations, which permits the carrying out of the judgement of foreigners with a greater or lesser degree of exigence. The work concludes with the great advance in community legislation of the European Union, as much in questions of judicial structure, with various organs available to promote the effectiveness of its principles, as in cooperative material, with the creation of the title European Executive. On the other hand, it was possible to identify the minimalism of institutions in Mercosul which, despite the difficulties, make advances in the creation of new mechanisms for jurisdictional cooperation, and affirming other, already existing bodies such as the Interamerican Conventions of International Private Law
O presente estudo aborda a Justiça Transfronteiriça enquanto instrumento de concretização dos direitos no plano internacional. Em face da multiplicidade infinita de mecanismos jurídicos que correspondem a esse paradigma, surgiu a necessidade de eleger aqueles que seriam abrangidos pela investigação, com a correspondente exclusão de todo universo de possibilidades restantes. Ante tal impositivo, verificou-se que o método de procedimento mais adequado para o tratamento da matéria seria o das estruturas dissipativas, por permitir a análise e avaliação de um sistema sem a completude de seus dados, fornecendo resultados igualmente não lineares, dado que não objetiva certeza e seguridade na investigação científica, mas atingir as possibilidades do sistema. Desse modo, para análise da Justiça Transfronteiriça, a pesquisa colheu dados em dois processos de integração regional que estão em estágios diferentes, Mercosul e União Européia. Decidiu-se por abordar as suas estruturas judiciais, no Mercosul forjadas a partir de elementos próprios do direito internacional clássico, e na União Européia com a estrutura judicial legitimada no direito comunitário, o qual não se confunde nem com o direito nacional, sendo hierarquicamente superior ao mesmo, nem com o direito internacional, porque dotado de principiologia própria. Ainda, além das estruturas judiciais, a pesquisa também considerou em cada um dos processos de integração, os seus respectivos instrumentos de cooperação jurisdicional para cumprimento de sentença estrangeira (proferida intrabloco), em matéria civil e comercial. É nesse desdobramento que se mostrará mais nítido qual a intensidade da integração entre os povos, na medida em que outorgam executidade ao provimento alienígena com maior ou menor grau de exigências. Conclui-se pelo grande avanço da legislação comunitária da União Européia, tanto nas questões referentes à sua estrutura judicial, com diversos órgãos dispostos para promover a efetividade das suas normas, como em matéria de cooperação, com a criação do título executivo europeu. Por outro lado, identifica-se o minimalismo das instituições mercosulinas que, a despeito das dificuldades avança criando inclusive novos mecanismos para cooperação jurisdicional, e concretizando outros já existentes como as Convenções Interamericanas de Direito Internacional Privado.

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17

Briere, Chloe. "EU policy in the fight against trafficking in human beings: A representative example of the challenges caused by the externalisation of the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/232290.

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Анотація:

The European Union has developed since the mid-1990's its own policy to prevent and fight against trafficking in human beings (THB). This phenomenon constitutes a threat to the internal security of the European Union, and it also entails severe violations of fundamental rights of its victims. While taking into account the evolution of the definition of THB, as well as the development of a EU multidisciplinary, integrated and holistic approach to THB, my doctoral research focuses on the external dimension of this policy. It is divided in three main parts. Firstly the analysis of the EU acquis in this field allows to determine the external competences at its disposal to promote the transposition of its standards beyond its borders. Special attention is given to the EU's externalisation efforts towards the candidate and potential candidate countries of the Western Balkans. The second part focuses on the interactions between the European Union and the other actors active in this field, being intergovernmental organisations, civil society organisations, or States. The objective is here to demonstrate that their interactions lead to the emergence of harmonized objectives and measures to combat THB in a comprehensive way. Finally the third part aims at assessing the implementation of European and international standards in national legal orders. Two case studies have been selected here: Belgium and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and their national legislations and policies are examined in order to assess whether they comply with these standards and implement a comprehensive approach to fight against THB.
Doctorat en Sciences juridiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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18

Peers, Steve. "Who's judging the watchmen? : the judicial system of the 'area of freedom security and justice': Caveat emptor? integrating the Schengen Acquis into the European Union legal order: Human rights and the third pillar." Thesis, University of Essex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343584.

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19

Ayyub, Muhammad Faisal. "Analysis between United Nation ESCAP and European Commission sustainable urban transport indicators." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23719/.

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The growth and concentration of motor vehicles has led to increase demand for urban mobility. Renewed commitments of urban cities are required to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals SDG target 11.2 on urban mobility as well as to enhance overall sustainability of urban transport systems and services. Cities and countries need to track the progress in improving urban mobility. With a view to support evidence-based decision, the thesis introduces the Sustainable Urban Transport Index (SUTI), a comprehensive assessment tool developed by UNESCAP to help summarize, track and compare the state of urban mobility in Asian cities. It also presents the results of pilot application of SUTI in two Asian cities: Greater Jakarta and Colombo completed in 2017. The two pilot cities were able to collect data, analysed and assess the state of urban mobility in their city using SUTI. The visual output display in spider diagram was very useful to comprehend state of all 10 key indicators in a glace. More Asian cities have shown interest in application of SUTI. A workshop held in Colombo confirmed the relevance and significance of SUTI tool to evaluate and assess state of urban transport systems and services in Asian cities and as well as to make comparison among peer cities. Similarly European Commission (EC) has developed a comprehensive set of practical and reliable indicators that support cities to perform a standardised evaluation of their mobility system and to measure improvements that result from new mobility practices or policies. Sustainable urban mobility indicators are a useful tool for cities and urban areas to identify the strengths and weaknesses of their mobility system and to focus on areas for improvement. As cities and urban areas continue to develop Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs) and work towards EU policy goals. The aim is to analyse the sustainable transport indicators of ESCAP and European union in terms of their input data and output result

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20

Tallgren, Eva. "The Concept of'European Citizenship': National Experiences and Post-National Expectations?" Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2004.

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The aim of this thesis is to interpret and understand the concept of citizenship in general, and the European citizenship in particular, placed within a broad theoretical framework. Furthermore, the purpose is to examine whether the development of a European citizenship indicates an emergence of a new ‘post-national’ model of citizenship, based on residence rather than nationality or place of birth. In order to address this, the status of third- country nationals (TCN’s), who are legally long-term residents within the Union, in relation to EU citizens has been analysed from the theoretical perspectives.

Different models of citizenship provide the paper with a theoretical framework, through which the empirical data has been examined. The theoretical approaches dealt with in this paper are the liberal, the republican/communitarian and the ‘post-national’ models of citizenship respectively. Fundamental ‘key concepts’ have been derived from these different models of citizenship, which have facilitated the analysis by providing the interpretation of the EU citizenship with an analytical framework.

To find answers to the initial research questions and fulfil the aim of the paper, a qualitative and hermeneutic study has been carried out, aiming at interpreting and understanding the European citizenship placed within its socio-political context. Text and language constitute the units of analysis and, hence, a textual analysis has been conducted of official EU documents. Following a conceptual history approach, concepts are not just reflections of historical processes, but can themselves contribute to historical change by making new things imaginable. As emphasised throughout the paper, concepts embrace at the same time a ‘space of experience’ and a ‘horizon of expectation’.

The main conclusions drawn from the research can be summarised in a number of points. First, while the concept of European citizenship was originally connected to a formal and economic view upon citizenship, close to a liberal/neo-liberal notion of citizenship, the texts express an aim of a more active citizenship, emphasised in the republican/communitarian tradition. Secondly, despite a multicultural and post-national rhetoric concerning the status of long-term resident TCN’s, the gaining of ‘full’ EU citizenship can still only be attained through nationality in a Member State. Thirdly, the importance of interpreting a concept placed within its socio-political context has been clear from the study. The semantic analysis has showed a close link between the European citizenship andthe goal to create an ‘area of freedom, security and justice’ throughout the Union. This goal is interpreted as a response to recent occurrences in the world, but at the same time it expresses expectations about the EU citizenship, and it can thus itself affect future developments in this field.

To sum up, while the concept of European citizenship is post-national to the extent that it applies to all EU citizens irrespective of where in the Union they live, it is still not completely based on the principle of residence. Only nationals of an EU Member State can obtain citizenship of the Union. Thus, the concept of European citizenship, while establishing a citizenship across national borders, is still based on nationality.

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21

Hristev, Hristo. "Le développement de la construction européenne et l'affirmation d'une compétence communautaire en matière pénale." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0378.

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Анотація:

La présente thèse porte sur l'affirmation d'une compétence pénale de la construction européenne. Elle vise à répondre à la question principale, comment au cours du développement du processus de l'intégration on arrive à la reconnaissance d'un pouvoir de l'ensemble communautaire dans le domaine pénal et quelles sont les dimensions concrètes dudit pouvoir.Dans la Première partie, on révèle que les deux facteurs essentiels de la reconnaissance d'une compétence de type communautaire, relative à la problématique pénale, ont d'abord conduit à un effet d'encadrement de la souveraineté pénale des Etats membres. Ce phénomène se manifeste sur deux plans: d'un côté, les principes d'application du droit communautaire et le fonctionnement propre du système de l'intégration, jouent le rôle d'un facteur puissant de l'encadrement de la souveraineté pénale des Etats. D'autre part, au cours du développement de la construction européenne, se pose la question de mettre le dispositif de l'intégration en service de la lutte contre la criminalité transfrontalière, qui résulte dans la création du Troisième pilier en tant que cadre européen spécifique en matière pénale, vu le manque de volonté à consacrer explicitement une compétence communautaire dans le domaine étudié.La Deuxième partie est ciblée sur la reconnaissance même d'un pouvoir de l'ensemble européen pour intervenir en matière pénale, en fonction des deux facteurs essentiels - l'application effective du droit de l'intégration et la nécessité de mettre le dispositif communautaire en service de la lutte contre la criminalité transfrontalière. Elle cherche également à clarifier la nature et les conditions d'exercice de cette compétence. Sur ce plan sont d'abord étudiées les deux sources d'affirmation d'une compétence pénale de l'ensemble européen et les expressions concrètes de la communautarisation du domaine pénal. Ainsi est démontré le lien dialectique entre le développement de la construction communautaire en tant qu'une nouvelle forme de régulation publique et la reconnaissance d'un pouvoir du niveau européen d'agir en matière pénale. En deuxième lieu, le cadre juridique de la compétence pénale de l'Union européenne sous l'emprise du Traité de Lisbonne est profondément analysé. Cela permet de révéler la nature de la compétence pénale du système de l'intégration et de tirer des conclusions sur l'originalité de la construction européenne en tant qu'une forme de fédération de type nouveau.De cette manière on arrive à établir, que l'affirmation d'une compétence de type communautaire en matière pénale est une émanation de la nature particulière de la construction européenne, une fonction de l'approfondissement du projet communautaire et de la consolidation du système de l'intégration en tant qu'une nouvelle organisation du pouvoir public
The present thesis focuses on the assertion of Community competence in criminal matters. It aims not only to answer the question as to how the European integration process allows room for the recognition of a power of the European system in the field of criminal law, but also to shed light on the various aspects of the above-mentioned competence.The first part of the study revolves around the problem how the two essential factors leading to the recognition of a Community competence in criminal law brought about an effect of framing criminal sovereignty as towards the Member States of the European construction. This phenomenon manifests itself in two aspects. On the one hand, the principles of the application of European law alongside the functioning of the European integration system together play a very important role in limiting the sovereignty of the Member States in the field of criminal law. On the other hand, the important matter of using the set of legal tools of the European integration to combat cross-border criminality, resulted, despite the lack of common will to make explicit conferral of competence in the field of study, in the establishment of the Third Pillar as a specific European legal framework in criminal matters.It is the recognition of power of intervention of the European integration system in criminal law matters that is analysed in the second part of the present study. This recognition is conditioned by two main factors - the effective implementation of European integration law and the need to use the integration legal tools to combat cross-border criminality. It also made a constructive attempt to clarify the nature and the conditions of the exercise of the abovementioned competence. In this aspect, the two sources of the assertion of a Community competence in criminal matters and the precise legal expressions of this process are examined in the first place. Thus, the dialectical interconnection between the development of the European legal construction as a new form of public regulation and the recognition of the power of the European community to intervene in criminal matters is demonstrated. In a second step, the legal provisions of European competence in the field of criminal law according to the Treaty of Lisbon are analysed in depth. This shows the legal understanding of European competence in the field of criminal law and allows a positive conclusion on the originality of the European integration system as a federation of an unseen kind to be drawn. In this respect, the present study establishes that the assertion of a Community-based competence in the field of criminal law is an emanation of the peculiar nature of the European construction, a function of the deepening of the European project and of the consolidation of the integration system as a new form of public power

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22

Strouhalová, Jana. "Národní koordinace policejní spolupráce v rámci Evropské unie - případová studie České republiky." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-191956.

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Анотація:

Police cooperation is an important part of EU's internal security, but its pursuance differs in each member state. This master thesis focuses on the coordination of police cooperation from the Czech Republic's point of view. The objective is to interpret the coordination mechanism in the Czech Republic and to analyse its level of centralization and the method of management. For this purpose, theories of liberal intergovernmental approach and institutionalism are engaged. The partial objective is to examine the influence of Europeanization on the coordination mechanism. Analysis is carried out on a systemic level, connecting the national and European coordination levels. The coordination mechanism of European police cooperation in the Czech Republic proved to be quite centralized with some decentralized elements and hierarchical management structure. The Europeanization affects the police cooperation in all its dimensions, with downloading, uploading and crossloading.

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23

Robert, Emilie. "L’Etat de droit et la lutte contre le terrorisme dans l’Union européenne : Mesures européennes de lutte contre le terrorisme suite aux attentats du 11 septembre 2001." Thesis, Lille 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL20001/document.

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Анотація:

La lutte contre le terrorisme, ainsi que ses conséquences sur la sphère des droits de l'Homme, n'est pas un thème nouveau en Europe. Cependant, depuis les attentats du 11 septembre 2001 perpétrés sur le sol des Etats-Unis, «confirmés» par ceux de Madrid en 2004 et Londres en 2005, elle n'a jamais incarné une telle priorité. La majeure partie des mesures prises par l'Union européenne tombe sous le titre de la coopération en matière pénale, c’est-à-dire sousl’ex-troisième Pilier, parmi lesquelles la décision-cadre sur la lutte contre le terrorisme, la décision-cadre sur le mandat d'arrêt européen et les accords entre l'Union européenne et les Etats-Unis d'Amérique sur l'extradition et l'assistance juridique mutuelle. Sur base des mesures européennes, certains Etats, historiquement non concernés par ce phénomène, ont été pressés à adopter des mesures anti-terroristes alors que d’autres y ont vu une légitimation pour renforcer leur corpus juridique déjà existant. Quel est l'impact des mesures européennes et de celles prises par les Etats sur le délicat équilibre entre la sécurité et la liberté ? En d'autres termes, quel est le rôle de l'Etat de droit : une limitation à ces mesures ou, un principe visant au renforcement du combat contre le terrorisme?
The fight against terrorism, as well as its consequences in the field of Human Rights, is not a new theme for Europe. However, since the terrorist attacks of September the 11th 2001 in the United States of America, “confirmed” by the ones of Madrid in 2004 and London in 2005, it has never embodied such a priority. The larger part of the measures taken by the European Union falls under the heading of cooperation in criminal matters, i.e. within the scope of the former Third Pillar, among which the framework decision on combating terrorism, the framework decision on the European arrest warrant and the agreements between the European Union and the United States of America on extradition and mutual legal assistance. On basis of the European measures, some States, not historically concerned by terrorism, have been compelled to carry out counter-terrorism measures whereas, others have seen a legitimation to reinforce their existing body of law. What is the impact of the European measures and the ones taken by States on the delicate balance between security and liberty? In other words, what is the role of the Rule of Law: a limitation to those measures or, a principle aiming to the strengthening of the fight against terrorism?

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24

Roux-Demare, Francois-Xavier. "De l'entraide pénale à l'Europe pénale." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30062.

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Анотація:

L’entraide pénale se définit comme ce besoin des Etats de s’associer pour permettre la réalisation d’un objectif commun, celui de lutter plus efficacement contre le crime. A l’échelle européenne, les Etats ne vont pas se limiter à l’utilisation des mécanismes internationaux existants. Ils s’engagent dans un processus de coopération approfondi, provoquant une régionalisation de l’ensemble des normes favorisant la lutte contre la criminalité, plus spécialement la criminalité organisée. Cette évolution vers un système partenarial répond à une nécessité illustrée par le rapport déséquilibré entre la criminalité transnationale et l’ « entraide pénale classique ». Pour répondre à l’accroissement de cette criminalité et aux insuffisances des outils européens classiques, les Etats européens instaurent un socle de règles communes, protectrices des droits fondamentaux, ainsi que divers principes juridiques dont l’harmonisation et la reconnaissance mutuelle. Progressivement, la coopération pénale en Europe ne se fonde plus sur une logique d’entraide entre les Etats mais sur un objectif d’intégration pénale développé au sein de plusieurs organisations. Parmi elles, il convient de distinguer plus particulièrement le Conseil de l’Europe, la Communauté européenne devenue l’Union européenne, le Benelux et le Conseil nordique. Concomitamment, cette entraide pénale européenne apparaît désormais comme une réalité complexe due à une multiplication des espaces pénaux. L’espace pénal formé par le Conseil de l’Europe et la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme (C.E.D.H.) se distingue plus particulièrement de l’espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice de l’Union européenne (E.L.S.J.) identifié par ses multiples agences (Europol, Eurojust, Frontex, etc.). Comment s’opèrent aujourd’hui les mouvements de coopération et d’intégration pénales entre les Etats européens ? N’est-il pas envisageable de repenser l’architecture pénale européenne ? La réponse à cette question passe par la redéfinition des espaces pénaux européens sous le concept d’ « Europe pénale » et la proposition de nécessaires modifications organisationnelles
Judicial cooperation in criminal matters may be defined as the need for individual States to work together to achieve a common goal in fighting crime more efficiently. On a European scale, States will not stop at the use of international mechanisms. They are committed to a deeper cooperation process which leads to the regionalization of norms and thus favors the fight against crime, and more particularly organized crime. Such a move towards a system of partnership is necessary, as may be seen in the relationship between transnational crime and “traditional cooperation in criminal matters”. To meet this need, European States must introduce a set of common rules, protective of fundamental rights, along with different legal principles, such as harmonization and mutual recognition. Progressively, cooperation in criminal matters in Europe is no longer based on the logic of mutual assistance between States, but aims at several organizations developing a policy of integration. Organizations of note, amongst the many committed to this process, are the Council of Europe, the former European Community, now European Union, the Benelux countries and the Nordic Council. Moreover, European mutual assistance in criminal matters seems to take on a complex reality from now on, due to the multiplication of criminal areas. The area formed by the Council of Europe and the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) is distinct from the European area of freedom, security and justice (AFSJ) identified by its many agencies (Europol, Eurojust, Frontex, etc.). Taken as a whole, this is a question of being interested in a process which leads to integration in criminal matters between European States. It might be useful to take this opportunity to suggest a re-definition of the European areas in criminal matters under the heading “Criminal Europe”. The necessary organizational modifications may thus be put forward

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25

Loubeyre, Alix. "Le droit européen des migrations et la confiance mutuelle entre les États membres de l'Union européenne." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D028.

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Анотація:

La question de l’existence et du maintien de la confiance mutuelle est essentielle à la compréhension des dysfonctionnements actuels de la politique migratoire européenne et des difficultés importantes de mise en œuvre du droit de l’Union dans ce domaine. Celui-ci organise en effet des rapports de coopération directs entre les autorités nationales chargées du contrôle des frontières, de l’asile ainsi que de l’entrée, du séjour et du retour des étrangers dans l’Union. Ces autorités nationales doivent alors avoir confiance dans la capacité et la volonté des unes et des autres de respecter leurs obligations européennes en matière migratoire. La confiance mutuelle entre les autorités nationales conditionne ainsi l’application du droit européen des migrations et a des conséquences importantes sur la situation des étrangers aux frontières de l’Union et sur son territoire. La confiance mutuelle est définie dans la thèse comme une combinaison de deux présomptions selon lesquelles les systèmes nationaux sont équivalents entre eux et tous conformes au droit de l’Union et notamment à ses valeurs fondamentales visées à l’article 2 TUE. La thèse analyse les dysfonctionnements de la politique migratoire commune sous le prisme de la confiance mutuelle et vise à démontrer que le droit de l’Union a été jusqu’à présent incapable de construire la « convergence systémique » nécessaire à garantir celle-ci
The question of the existence and preservation of mutual trust is essential in understanding the current dysfunctions of the European migration policy and the significant difficulties in implementing EU law in this area. EU migration law requires direct cooperation between the national authorities responsible for asylum, border control, entry, stay, and return of migrants in the European Union. These national authorities need to have confidence in each other's ability and willingness to meet their European obligations in the field of migration. This kind of mutual trust between the authorities has important consequences for the situation of migrants at the Union's borders, and within its territory. Mutual trust is defined in the thesis as a combination of two presumptions. First, that national systems are equivalent to each other, and second, that they are all in conformity with Union law and in particular with its fundamental values as referred to in Article 2 TFEU. This thesis analyses the dysfunctions of the common migration policy under the prism of mutual trust and aims to demonstrate that EU law has so far been unable to build the ‘systemic convergence’ necessary to ensure it

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26

Shears, Andrew B. "Hurricane Katrina and New Orleans: Discursive Spaces of Safety and Resulting Environmental Injustice." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1311009183.

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27

Robert, Emilie. "L’Etat de droit et la lutte contre le terrorisme dans l’Union européenne : Mesures européennes de lutte contre le terrorisme suite aux attentats du 11 septembre 2001." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL20001.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

La lutte contre le terrorisme, ainsi que ses conséquences sur la sphère des droits de l'Homme, n'est pas un thème nouveau en Europe. Cependant, depuis les attentats du 11 septembre 2001 perpétrés sur le sol des États-Unis, « confirmés » par ceux de Madrid en 2004 et Londres en 2005, elle n'a jamais incarné une telle priorité. La majeure partie des mesures prises par l'Union européenne tombe sous le titre de la coopération en matière pénale, c’est-à-dire sous l’ex-troisième Pilier, parmi lesquelles la décision-cadre sur la lutte contre le terrorisme, la décision-cadre sur le mandat d'arrêt européen et les accords entre l'Union européenne et les États-Unis d'Amérique sur l'extradition et l'assistance juridique mutuelle. Sur base des mesures européennes, certains États, historiquement non concernés par ce phénomène, ont été pressés à adopter des mesures anti-terroristes alors que d’autres y ont vu une légitimation pour renforcer leur corpus juridique déjà existant. Quel est l'impact des mesures européennes et de celles prises par les États sur le délicat équilibre entre la sécurité et la liberté ? En d'autres termes, quel est le rôle de l'État de droit : une limitation à ces mesures ou, un principe visant au renforcement du combat contre le terrorisme?
The fight against terrorism, as well as its consequences in the field of Human Rights, is not a new theme for Europe. However, since the terrorist attacks of September the 11th 2001 in the United States of America, “confirmed” by the ones of Madrid in 2004 and London in 2005, it has never embodied such a priority. The larger part of the measures taken by the European Union falls under the heading of cooperation in criminal matters, i.e. within the scope of the former Third Pillar, among which the framework decision on combating terrorism, the framework decision on the European arrest warrant and the agreements between the European Union and the United States of America on extradition and mutual legal assistance. On basis of the European measures, some States, not historically concerned by terrorism, have been compelled to carry out counter-terrorism measures whereas, others have seen a legitimation to reinforce their existing body of law. What is the impact of the European measures and the ones taken by States on the delicate balance between security and liberty? In other words, what is the role of the Rule of Law: a limitation to those measures or, a principle aiming to the strengthening of the fight against terrorism?

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28

Larbre, David. "Les échanges de données personnelles entre l’union européenne et les tiers dans le domaine de la sécurité." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100174.

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L’intérêt d’une réflexion sur les échanges de données personnelles de sécurité entre l’Union européenne et les tiers est né d’une interrogation sur le cadre juridique auquel ces échanges se rattachent, et l’existence de garanties en matière de protection des données. En partant du constat que les États sont à l’origine de la création de réseaux de coopération policière et judiciaire, l’irruption de l’Union européenne et de ses Agences dans des sphères régaliennes a de quoi déconcerter. L’intervention de l’UE et de ses Agences doit également attirer l’attention sur le respect des conditions de ces échanges qui sont soumis à l’exigence de garanties adéquates de la part des États tiers et Cet avènement nécessite de déterminer au préalable comment les échanges de données avec les tiers sont devenues progressivement un instrument au service de l’espace de liberté de sécurité et de justice (ELSJ). En cela, la sécurité telle qu’elle est ici appréhendée, concerne la lutte contre le terrorisme, la criminalité organisée et l’immigration clandestine. Ainsi cette thèse vise, à travers un examen des accords conclus par l’UE et ses Agences avec les tiers, à déceler, analyser, et mettre en évidence les règles qui régissent ces échanges de données personnelles ainsi que la protection qui s’y rattache. Elle doit permettre de mieux cerner la fonction de l’Union européenne et le rôle des États membres dans ces échanges, d’évaluer les garanties apportées par l’UE et ses partenaires, et d’aboutir à l’émergence d’un régime d’ensemble hétérogène mais dont l’unité réside dans le souci d’assurer une protection adéquate
Enabling security between the European Union and third party personal data exchange leads one to reflect on the related legal framework and safeguards regarding data protection. As states are at the origin of police networks and judicial cooperation, the emergence of the EU and its agencies in sovereign spheres has been astonishing. For the EU,respecting the conditions of such exchanges requires adequate guarantees from third states. To better understand this, one should first analyze to which extent these exchanges have gradually become an instrument servicing the areas of freedom, security and justice (AFSJ, "security" here implies the fight against terrorism, organized crime and illegal immigration). This thesis aims to detect, analyze and highlight the rules governing the exchanges of personal data and the protection attached to them. Its goal is to understand the function of the EU and the role of member states in these exchanges, to assess the guarantees provided by the EU or its partners and to lead to the emergence of a system which could provide adequate protection. The first part will determine the modalities of cooperation between the EU and third parties in the field of personal data security exchanges; identifying the existence of safety data exchange networks before looking into the fight against terrorism and organized crime’s international dimension. A focus on external standards in the EU will lead the reader to grasp how safety within third party data exchange networks may be structured and to understand the role of international organizations such as the UN (or extraterritorial jurisdiction from third countries such as the USA). The EU having developed its cooperation regarding safety data exchanges, its foreign policy in terms of AFSJ gives one an overview of safety data exchange networks and their diversity, but it also shows the limits of their extension. These different forms of cooperation are the foundations of constituent EU treaties, yet they face legal and democratic issues as far as EU legitimacy is concerned. The EU integration process, on which safety with third party data exchanges is based, will also be studied; if this integration is a success overall, sovereignty issues have also brought their share of safety data protection alterations. This thesis’ second part focuses on the guarantees related to safety data exchanges, fundamental rights protection regarding this personal data and the need for adequate protection when transferring data to third parties. The adequacy of "normative" protection must be analyzed in global terms, that is to say within an international framework. The study of normative protection will be followed by a thorough examination of their effective protection. The reader will see how data exchange security transparency enables people to exercise their right to both access data and challenge decisions taken on the basis of data exchange safety. Effective protection leads to the identification of responsibilities related to safety data exchanges, the mechanisms of which may highlight that the EU or third parties have breaches in their obligations

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29

Tracogna, Clara. "Il ne bis in idem europeo e i conflitti di giurisdizione nello Spazio di Libertà, Sicurezza e Giustizia." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427477.

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Summary The dissertation deals with the European ne bis in idem principle and conflicts of jurisdiction in the European Area of Freedom, Security and Justice. The first chapter explains the rationale of the principle, distinguishing between ne bis in idem at the national and international level. Confirming that double jeopardy is not a general principle of international law yet, it is explained that a decision can prevent a second trial only when this rule is stated in an international Convention. However, in the European Area, artt. 54-58 of the Schengen Agreement recognize a ne bis in idem effect to foreign decisions. Recently, art. 50 of the European Charter of Fundamental Rights states that in the European Union the ne bis in idem principle is a fundamental principle. Chaper II and III explain the meaning of idem factum and final decision in light of both national jurisprudence and European Court of Human Rights and European Court of Justice decisions. The concept of idem factum has been interpreted by the European Court of Justice as referring only to the nature of the acts, encompassing a set of concrete circumstances which are inextricably linked together, irrespective of the legal classification given to them or the legal interest protected. As for the final decision, the Court states that, despite the legal classification of the decision, it is important that in the State that first decided the issue this decision has the effect to prevent a second trial. In both chapters some core questions are developed suggesting that, while looking forward a definition of idem factum and final decision developed at the European level, the current possibility to develop a common definition is based on European Court of Justice jurisprudence. The last chapter focusses on The Green Paper on ne bis in idem and conflicts of jurisdiction and on the Framework Decision 2009/948/JHA that approved a model of resolution and prevention of conflicts of jurisdiction among European Union member States. The Framework Decision introduces a consulting procedure that the States should start whenever they have the suspect that a parallel trial for the same facts against the the same person is pending in another member State. However, the grounds to choose in which State to hold the trial are not specified. When implementing the Framework Decision (deadline: 15th June 2012), the Italian Parliament should face some problems of consistency with Constitutional principles, as the right to defence (nor the defendant or the defendant’s lawyer take part to the procedure related to conflicts of jurisdiction); the mandatory criminal prosecution principle; the principle that states that no special judges are admitted. Some suggestions are given in order to easier the implementation of the Framework Decision and to balance its rules with the Italian Constitution principles.
Sintesi La tesi è dedicata al ne bis in idem europeo e ai conflitti di giurisdizione nello Spazio di Libertà, Sicurezza e Giustizia. Il primo capitolo ricostruisce il fondamento della garanzia, individuando le distinzioni configurabili nel ne bis in idem interno e internazionale. Si nega l’esistenza di una consuetudine internazionale che incorpori il divieto di doppio giudizio nei rapporti tra gli Stati: affinchè a una decisione straniera possa essere riconosciuta forza di giudicato, è necessario che un accordo internazionale vincoli gli Stati in tal senso. Tuttavia, in ambito europeo si è sentita l’esigenza di assicurare a questo principio una più ampia tutela. Nel 1990, la Convenzione di Applicazione dell’Accordo di Schengen ha previsto alcune disposizioni (artt. 54-58) che riconoscono effetto di cosa giudicata alle decisioni irrevocabili straniere. Infine, con la Carta di Nizza, l’art. 50 ha trovato finalmente collocazione nel documento che tutela i diritti fondamentali nell’Unione europea: nello Spazio europeo di Libertà, Sicurezza e Giustizia, il principio del ne bis in idem ha ora rango di diritto fondamentale. Nel secondo capitolo e nel terzo capitolo si rende conto del significato di idem factum e di sentenza definitiva secondo la giurisprudenza delle corti nazionali, della Corte europea dei diritti dell’uomo nonché della Corte di giustizia europea. Per la Corte di giustizia l’identità deve essere intesa come esistenza di un insieme di fatti inscindibilmente collegati tra di loro, indipendentemente dalla qualificazione giuridica o dal bene giuridico tutelato, che sono infatti mutevoli nei diversi Stati. Quanto alla decisione definitiva in grado di precludere un successivo accertamento, la Corte ritiene che, al di là del nomen iuris del provvedimento, conta che, nello Stato al quale appartiene l’autorità che lo ha pronunciato, questo sia comunque in grado di impedire un successivo accertamento. In entrambe i capitoli si individuano alcuni punti critici che dovranno essere in futuro risolti attraverso una nuova definizione del divieto di doppio giudizio ovvero, se l’impianto normativo dovesse rimanere quello attuale, attraverso l’interpretazione della Corte di giustizia. Nell’ultimo capitolo, infine, si analizza il Libro Verde del 2006 sul ne bis in idem e i conflitti di giurisdizione e la Decisione quadro 2009/948/GAI che ha introdotto una serie di meccanismi per la prevenzione e la risoluzione dei conflitti di giurisdizione tra Stati membri dell’Unione europea. La Decisione quadro prevede un meccanismo obbligatorio di consultazione che gli Stati avviano quando un’autorità che ha instaurato un procedimento abbia fondato motivo di ritenere che in un altro Stato pende un giudizio parallelo per i medesimi fatti nei confronti della stessa persona. Tuttavia, non vengono individuati i criteri per la determinazione dell’autorità mieux placée per accertare i fatti. In occasione del recepimento nel nostro ordinamento, che dovrà avvenire entro il 15 giugno 2012, si porranno alcuni problemi di compatibilità con alcuni principi fondamentali, quali il diritto di difesa, poiché né imputato né difensore sono coinvolti nel procedimento di consultazione; il principio dell’obbligatorietà dell’azione penale nonché il principio del giudice naturale precostituito per legge. Si propongono quindi alcune vie interpretative per favorire il recepimento della normativa tramite un bilanciamento dei principi in gioco.

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30

Knytel, Dagna. "Die Europäische Ermittlungsanordnung und ihre Umsetzung in die deutsche und französische Rechtsordnung." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAA009.

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La présente étude est consacrée à l'entraide européenne aux fins de recherche des preuves pénales. Le dernier outil en date concernant cet aspect d'entraide est la directive 2014/41/UE. Elle introduit un nouvel instrument, la décision d'enquête européenne qui est fondée sur le principe de reconnaissance mutuelle. L’objectif de la directive est d’améliorer la coopération entre les États membres de l’Union europénne en ce qui concerne la collecte des preuves transfrontalière. La présente étude analyse les nouvelles approches adoptées par la directive ainsi que sa transposition dans les droits français et allemand. Elle apporte un éclairage sur la mise en œuvre concrète de la directive à travers des exemples ciblés de coopération entre la France et l’Allemagne. L'introduction de la décision d'enquête européenne s'inscrit-elle dans un objectif d'harmonisation des procédures pénales nationales ou se heurte-elle aux divergences des droits procéduraux nationaux aux dépens des droits du suspect ?
This study focuses on European judicial cooperation in the search for criminal evidence. The latest tool concerning this aspect of judicial cooperation is the Directive 2014/41/EU. The Directive introduces a new instrument, the European Investigation Order, which is based on the principle of mutual recognition. The objective of the Directive is to improve cooperation between EU Member States in the collection of cross-border evidence. This study analyses the new approaches adopted by the Directive and its transposition into French and German law. It lights up the practical implementation of the Directive through targeted examples of cooperation between France and Germany. Is the introduction of the European Investigation Order part of the harmonisation process of national criminal procedures in the European Union or does it run up against divergences in national procedural rights at the expense of the suspect's rights ?
Diese Studie ist der unionsrechtlichen Rechtshilfe im Sinne der grenzüberschreitenden Beweiserhebung in Strafsachen gewidmet. Zuletzt ist hierzu die Richtlinie 2014/41/EU ergangen. Sie führt ein neues Instrument der Rechtshilfe ein, die Europäische Ermittlungsanordnung, die auf dem Prinzip der gegenseitigen Anerkennung beruht. Ziel der Richtlinie ist es, die Zusammenarbeit zwischen den EU-Mitgliedstaaten bei der Erhebung von grenzüberschreitendem Beweismaterial zu verbessern. Diese Arbeit analysiert die neuen Ansätze der Richtlinie sowie ihre Umsetzung in die deutsche und französische Rechtsordnung. Sie wirft darüber hinaus einen Blick auf die konkrete Umsetzung der Richtlinie anhand konkreter Beispiele der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Deutschland und Frankreich. Es wird damit der Frage nachgegangen, ob sich die Reform der Rechtshilfe in ein Harmonisierungsbestreben der nationalen Strafverfahren einreiht, oder vielmehr Unterschiede zwischen den nationalen Verfahrensordnungen aufgedeckt werden - auf Kosten der Rechte des Beschuldigten

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31

Angelaki, Aikaterini. "La différenciation entre les Etats membres de l'Union européenne." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAA025.

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La différenciation entre les États membres de l’Union européenne s’est progressivement transformée en un leitmotiv du débat sur l’avenir de l’intégration. Ce débat a resurgi avec l’activation de la clause du retrait par le Royaume-Uni, qui pose dans un cadre renouvelé la question de la compatibilité du processus de création d’une « union sans cesse plus étroite » avec la possibilité pour les États membres d’emprunter différentes voies d’intégration. L’objectif de la présente étude est d’apporter un éclairage sur cette question, en se focalisant sur l’amplification des manifestations de la différenciation en droit positif. La première partie de l’étude vise à cerner la tension entre l’uniformité du statut d’État membre de l’Union et la participation asymétrique des États aux actions engagées pour la réalisation des objectifs assignés à l’Union. La différenciation s’avère ainsi un facteur de relativisation de l’homogénéité du statut d’État membre, sans néanmoins mettre en cause son unicité en tant que catégorie juridique. La seconde partie s’intéresse aux effets de la différenciation sur la structure de l’Union. La prise en compte de la différence d’implication des États n’est pas sans incidence sur le système institutionnel et juridique de l’Union, sans que cela traduise un désordre affectant l’intégrité de l’Union. Il devient alors évident que, dans la creatio continua que constitue la construction européenne, la différenciation pose une question de degré, plutôt que de principe
Differentiation between the Member States of the European Union has gradually turned into a leitmotif of the debate regarding the future of the European integration. This debate re-emerged in the context of the activation of the withdrawal clause by the United Kingdom, by raising once more the question of the compatibility of the "ever closer union" concept with the possibility for the Member States to follow different paths of integration. The aim of this study is to clarify this question by focusing on the amplification of the various forms of differentiation in positive law. The first part of the study aims to identify the contrast between the uniformity of the EU membership and the asymmetrical participation of the Member States in actions undertaken to achieve the objectives assigned to the Union. Differentiation proves thus to be a relativizing factor of the homogeneity of the Member State's status, without, however, questioning its uniqueness as a legal category. The second part of the study focuses on the effects of differentiation on the structure of the Union. The different extent of participation of each Member State in EU policies has an impact on the Union's institutional and legal framework, even though this impact does not create a disorder affecting the integrity of the Union as such. It is thus apparent that within the creatio continua of the European construction, differentiation poses more a question of degree rather than principle

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32

Barraud, Boris. "Les sources du droit de la communication par internet." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1026/document.

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Si d’importantes recherches sur les sources du droit et de nombreux travaux sur le droit de la communication par internet ont déjà été menés, cette thèse se distingue des premiers comme des seconds : d’une part, elle interroge des sources souvent originales, loin de réduire le droit à la loi et à la jurisprudence ; d’autre part, elle ne consiste pas en un exposé technique et utilitaire du droit de la communication par internet mais en une étude scientifique et macro-juridique (i.e. détachée des règles et des régimes juridiques). L’observation du droit de la communication par internet est ici au service d’une réflexion relative aux continuités, aux ruptures et aux mouvements actuels et à venir des sources du droit. Cette branche du droit, significative du droit « global » et du droit « postmoderne », est révélatrice de ce à quoi le paysage juridique pourrait ressembler demain, lorsque le droit moderne stato-centré aura été irrémédiablement débordé par un droit « en réseau » dont les propriétés ressemblent fort à celles du réseau mondial qu’est l’internet. Progressivement, les sources auparavant premières deviennent secondaires, celles qui hier demeuraient à l’arrière-plan se retrouvent sur le devant de la scène juridique, tandis que de nouveaux foyers de normes apparaissent. L’objet de cette thèse est de constituer un témoignage de ce renouvellement des lieux et des modes de production des normes en cours
Many books studying the sources of the law and many books studying the Internet law have already been published. This thesis differs from these books : it studies the original sources, not only the state law and the customs; and it is a scientific work and not a practical work. Observations of the Internet law can serve thoughts on the currents and futures continuities and changes of the sources of the law. Studying this young and special law is like studying an example of global law and postmodern law, revealing the specifics of the law of tomorrow, when the modern law centered on the state will be replaced by a different law, whose properties gather those of the Internet. Gradually, the conventional sources are substituted by new sources. This thesis wants to be a witness of these changes in the sources of the law.In terms of legal science and legal thought, lawyers should perhaps avoid analyzing the law of tomorrow with tools and lessons from yesterday. Studying the Internet law invites to build new tools and frameworks in order to describe and explain as accurately as possible the reality of the law. These problems led to the writing of this book. By focusing on specific legal objects that reflect the twenty-first century law, it wants to promote the understanding and the acceptance of changes in the law. Specifically, the objective is to contribute to the renovation of the sources of the law thought when the modern theory appears increasingly archaic because the number, the identity, the architecture and the balance of the sources is permanently evolving

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33

Leclercq, Sidney. "Resilience of Fragility: International Statebuilding Subversion at the Intersection of Politics and Technicality." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/258442.

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For the past two decades, statebuilding has been the object of a growing attention from practitioners and scholars alike. ‘International statebuilding’, as its dominant approach or model guiding the practices of national and international actors, has sparked numerous discussions and debates, mostly around its effectiveness (i.e. if it works) and deficiencies (i.e. why it often fails). Surprisingly, little efforts have been made to investigate what international statebuilding, in the multiple ways it is mobilized by various actors, actually produces on the political dynamics of the ‘fragile’ contexts it is supposed to support and reinforce. Using an instrumentation perspective, this dissertation addresses this gap by exploring the relationship between the micro-dynamics of the uses of international statebuilding instruments and the fragility of contexts. This exploration is articulated around five essays and as many angles to this relationship. Using the case of Hamas, Essay I explores the European Union’s (EU) terrorist labelling policy by questioning the nature and modalities of the enlisting process, its use as foreign policy tool and its consequences on its other agendas, especially its international statebuilding efforts in Palestine. Essay II examines a Belgian good governance incentive mechanism and sheds the light on the tension between the claimed apolitical and objective nature of the instrument and the politicization potential embedded in its design and modalities, naturally leading to a convoluted implementation. Essay III analyses the localization dynamics of transitional justice in Burundi and unveils the nature, diversity and rationale behind transitional justice subversion techniques mobilized by national and international actors, which have produced a triple form of injustice. Essay IV widens this scope in Burundi, developing the argument that the authoritarian trend observed in the 2010-2015 period did not only occur against international statebuilding but also through self-reinforcing subversion tactics of its appropriation. Finally, essay V deepens the reflection on appropriation by attempting to build a theory of regime consolidation through international statebuilding subversion tactics. Overall, the incremental theory building reflection of the essays converges towards the assembling of a comprehensive framework of the in-betweens of the normative diffusion of liberal democracy, the inner-workings of its operationalization through the resort to the international statebuilding instrument and the intermediary constraints or objectives of actors not only interfering with its genuine realization but also contributing to its antipode of regime consolidation, conflict dynamics and authoritarianism.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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34

Marty, Marie. "La légalité de la preuve dans l'espace pénal européen." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0107/document.

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La recevabilité de la preuve est sans doute l’une des questions les plusimportantes de l’espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice de l’Union européenne,mais aussi une des plus complexes. Les difficultés relatives à l’utilisation d’unepreuve recueillie dans un État membre, devant les juridictions répressives d’un autreÉtat membre, semblent cependant avoir été sous-estimées par le législateureuropéen. En effet, l’amélioration de l’efficacité de la répression transnationale a étéune des priorités de la politique criminelle de l’Union ces quinze dernières années. Àce titre, le renforcement des mécanismes de coopération judiciaire, y compris ceuxvisant à l’obtention de la preuve transnationale, a été privilégié. Grâce au principe dereconnaissance mutuelle des décisions judiciaires en matière pénale, fondé sur laconfiance réciproque que les États membres se portent, les divergences etéventuelles incompatibilités entre les systèmes nationaux ont été tenues en échec,permettant ainsi la libre circulation des preuves dans l’espace pénal européen.Cependant, cette justification théorique n’est pas suffisante pour assurer larecevabilité mutuelle des preuves, la bonne administration de la preuve pénaledemeurant une question nationale, souverainement appréciée par le juge national.De plus, tant l’étude comparative des régimes probatoires nationaux que laprésentation des instruments de coopération judiciaire montrent des déficiencesprofondes, appelant ainsi à une protection accrue et harmonisée des droitsfondamentaux dans les procédures répressives au niveau européen, dans le butd’assurer la recevabilité mutuelle des preuves pénales dans l’espace pénaleuropéen
Admissibility of evidence is one of the most crucial and complicatedissues in the European Union’s area of freedom, security and justice. However, thedifficulties regarding the use of evidence gathered in one Member State inproceedings in another Member State through the mechanisms of judicialcooperation seems to have been underestimated by the European Union legislator,and this despite the success of criminal proceedings with a cross-border characterbeing considered a priority for the last fifteen years. Indeed, the EU’s criminal policyhas been striving for the strengthening of the efficiency of judicial cooperationbetween judicial authorities. This requires the improvement of the instrumentsdedicated to obtaining criminal evidence. Thanks to the principle of mutualrecognition of judicial decisions in criminal matters, based on mutual trust betweenMember States, the differences between and potential incompatibilities of nationalsystems should not be an obstacle to the free circulation of evidence in the EUcriminal justice area.However, this theoretical justification is not sufficient to ensure mutual admissibility ofevidence, as the good administration of evidence remains a national issue, with awide margin of appreciation accorded to the national judge. Furthermore, both thestudy of national procedural norms and the study of the European Union legalframework show deficiencies, requiring a coherent concept for the protection offundamental rights in criminal proceedings at the EU-level. A better and harmonisedprotection of procedural guarantees is the path to ensure the mutual admissibility ofevidence, overcoming national differences

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35

Haile, Yohannes. "Sustainable Value And Eco-Communal Management: Systemic Measures For The Outcome Of Renewable Energy Businesses In Developing, Emerging, And Developed Economies." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1459369970.

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36

Berrios-Ayala, Mark. "Brave New World Reloaded: Advocating for Basic Constitutional Search Protections to Apply to Cell Phones from Eavesdropping and Tracking by Government and Corporate Entities." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1547.

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Imagine a world where someone’s personal information is constantly compromised, where federal government entities AKA Big Brother always knows what anyone is Googling, who an individual is texting, and their emoticons on Twitter. Government entities have been doing this for years; they never cared if they were breaking the law or their moral compass of human dignity. Every day the Federal government blatantly siphons data with programs from the original ECHELON to the new series like PRISM and Xkeyscore so they can keep their tabs on issues that are none of their business; namely, the personal lives of millions. Our allies are taking note; some are learning our bad habits, from Government Communications Headquarters’ (GCHQ) mass shadowing sharing plan to America’s Russian inspiration, SORM. Some countries are following the United States’ poster child pose of a Brave New World like order of global events. Others like Germany are showing their resolve in their disdain for the rise of tyranny. Soon, these new found surveillance troubles will test the resolve of the American Constitution and its nation’s strong love and tradition of liberty. Courts are currently at work to resolve how current concepts of liberty and privacy apply to the current conditions facing the privacy of society. It remains to be determined how liberty will be affected as well; liberty for the United States of America, for the European Union, the Russian Federation and for the people of the World in regards to the extent of privacy in today’s blurred privacy expectations.
B.S.
Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Legal Studies

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37

Jaume, Bennasar Andrés. "Las nuevas tecnologías en la administración de justicia. La validez y eficacia del documento electrónico en sede procesal." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9415.

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La tesis se encarga de analizar, por un lado, la integración y el desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías en la Administración de Justicia; y, por otro, los parámetros que constituyen la validez y eficacia del documento electrónico.
La primera cuestión se centra en la configuración de los Sistemas de Información de la Oficina Judicial y del Ministerio Fiscal, así como de la informatización de los Registros Civiles, donde el art. 230 LOPJ es la pieza clave. Se estudian sus programas, aplicaciones, la videoconferencia, los ficheros judiciales y las redes de telecomunicaciones que poseen la cobertura de la firma electrónica reconocida, donde cobran gran relevancia los convenios de colaboración tecnológica. La digitalización de las vistas quizá sea una de las cuestiones con más trascendencia, teniendo en cuenta que el juicio es el acto que culmina el proceso. Aunque no todos los proyectos adoptados en el ámbito de la e.justicia se han desarrollado de forma integral, ni han llegado a la totalidad de los órganos judiciales. El objetivo final es lograr una Justicia más ágil y de calidad, a lo cual aspira el Plan Estratégico de Modernización de la Justicia 2009-2012 aprobado recientemente.
En referencia a la segunda perspectiva, no cabe duda que el Ordenamiento jurídico y los tribunales, en el ámbito de la justicia material, otorgan plena validez y eficacia al documento electrónico. Nuestra línea de investigación se justifica porque cada vez son más los procesos que incorporan soportes electrónicos de todo tipo, ya sea al plantearse la acción o posteriormente como medio de prueba (art. 299.2 LEC). Entre otros temas examinamos el documento informático, la problemática que rodea al fax, los sistemas de videograbación y el contrato electrónico.
La tesi s'encarrega d'analitzar, per una part, la integració i el desenvolupament de les noves tecnologies dins l´Administració de Justícia; i, per l'altra, els paràmetres que constitueixen la validesa i l'eficàcia del document electrònic.
La primera qüestió es centra en la configuració dels Sistemes d´Informació de l´Oficina Judicial i del Ministeri Fiscal, així com de la informatització dels Registres Civils, on l'art. 230 LOPJ es la peça clau. S'estudien els seus programes, aplicacions, la videoconferència, el fitxers judicials i les xarxes de telecomunicacions que tenen la cobertura de la firma electrònica reconeguda, on cobren gran rellevància els convenis de col·laboració tecnològica. La digitalització de les vistes tal vegada sigui una de les qüestions amb més transcendència, tenint amb compte que el judici es l'acte que culmina el procés. Però no tots el projectes adoptats en l'àmbit de la e.justicia s'han desenvolupat d'una manera integral ni han arribat a la totalitat dels òrgans judicials. L'objectiu final es assolir una Justícia més àgil i de qualitat, al que aspira el Pla Estratègic de Modernització de la Justícia 2009-2012 aprovat recentment.
En referència a la segona perspectiva, no hi ha dubte que l´Ordenament jurídic i els tribunals, en l'àmbit de la justícia material, donen plena validesa i eficàcia al document electrònic. La nostra línia d'investigació es justifica perquè cada vegada son més el processos que incorporen suports electrònics de tot tipus, ja sigui quant es planteja l'acció o posteriorment como a medi de prova (art. 299.2 LEC). Entre altres temes examinem el document informàtic, la problemàtica que envolta al fax, els sistemes de videogravació i el contracte electrònic.
The thesis seeks to analyse, on the one hand, the integration and development of the new technologies in the Administration of Justice; and, on the other, the parameters which constitute the validity and efficiency of the electronic document.
The first question centres on the configuration of the Information Systems of the Judicial Office and the Public Prosecutor, as well as the computerisation of the Civil Registers, where the art. 230 LOPJ it's the part key. Their programmes, applications, the Video Conferencing, the judicial registers and the telecommunication networks which are covered by the recognised electronic signatures, are studied, where the agreements on technological collaboration gain great relevance. The digitalisation of evidence might perhaps be one of the questions with most consequence, bearing in mind that the judgment is the act by which the process is culminated. Although not all the projects adopted within the compass of e.justice have developed completely nor have reached all the judicial organs. The final objective is to achieve an agile, quality Justice, to which the recently approved Strategic Plan for the Modernisation of Justice aspires.
With reference to the second perspective, there is no doubt that the juridical Ordinance and the tribunals within the compass of material justice grant full validity and efficacy to the electronic document. Our line of investigation is justified because there are more and more processes which are sustained by electronic supports of all kinds, whether it be at the establishment of the action or later, as a proof of it (art. 299.2 LEC). Amongst other things, we examine the computerised document, the problems which surround the fax, the systems for video recording and the electronic contract.

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38

GIBBS, Alun Howard. "Thinking constitutionally about the European Union's area of freedom, security and justice." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/12026.

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Анотація:

Defence date: 15/06/2009
Examining Board: Profs. Hans Lindahl (Tilburg University); Kimmo Nuotio (University of Helsinki); Wojciech Sadurski (EUI); Neil Walker (Supervisor, former EUI and University of Edinburgh)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
This thesis sets out to consider the constitutional implications of a policy of legal integration regarding internal security matters in the EU. It argues that constitutional theory is fundamental to addressing the legality and accountability concerns raised about the developing legal practice of the EU’s ‘Area of Freedom, Security and Justice’ (AFSJ). Conducting such a study poses important questions about how to pursue a constitutional approach to legal and political practices which do not resemble in any straight forward way the constitutional tradition of the nation state. This thesis advances the argument that constitutional theory cannot properly be construed as a ‘tool-kit’, a set of rules or principles with universal validity to cause a state of affairs or event then dubbed as legality or accountability. Instead it is argued that constitutional theory must work to reveal the issues of restraint, accountability or legality that are in fact part of an ongoing practice, not a one-off settlement; in which the theorist attempts to disclose or reveal the meaningfulness of what is described as the ‘common experience of the political way of life’. Consequently the first part of the thesis outlines how constitutional theory can establish the features of the ‘common experience of the political way of life’ (also referred to as the ‘constitutive function’) and it explains that meaning is situated in a historical background, which is uncovered by the theorist by providing an interpretation of this background. The thesis therefore advances and defends an interpretive theory of legal scholarship. These methodological parameters provide an appropriate means of making sense of the developments in the EU concerning the AFSJ, which thereafter becomes the focus of the thesis. In particular it concentrates on the importance of developing an understanding of public goods that form the basis as to why it is possible to think in constitutional terms about the AFSJ. The approach taken to public goods is that they manifest the meaningful commitments of a political community and therefore cannot be construed in instrumental terms. The thesis outlines that the constitutional issues facing the AFSJ are often collapsed into matters of instrumentalism that conceals the need to engage with the on-going meaning of the practices as forming part of a common political way of life. It is argued in conclusion that the thesis has provided a more robust way of not only considering the challenges facing the emerging internal security policies of the EU but has also provided an appropriate theoretical approach for the study of such issues in constitutional theory.

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39

STORSKRUBB, Eva. "Judicial cooperation in civil matters : a policy area uncovered." Doctoral thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/6367.

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Анотація:

Defence date: 9 October 2006
Supervisor: Prof. Jacques Ziller
Awarded the Mauro Cappelletti Prize for the best comparative law doctoral thesis, 2007.
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
This dissertation examines a burgeoning policy area of the EU - the regulation of cross border civil and commercial litigation. The dissertation analyses the EU's specific legislative measures regulating civil procedure and assesses their impact on litigation, particularly due process rights. The policy is then placed in the broader contexts of European integration and the international codification of civil procedure.

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40

Kapsis, Ilias. "The Court of Justice of the European Union." 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/11401.

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Анотація:

no
This chapter examines the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), which consists of three courts: the Court of Justice (or ‘the Court’), the General Court, and the Civil Service Tribunal. It focuses on issues of structure and procedure, the extent of the Courts’ jurisdiction, and their role in the promotion of European integration. The chapter also discusses the criticism directed at the CJEU for the way it exercises its judicial powers, which allegedly involve political considerations normally unacceptable for a judicial body. Lastly, the chapter looks at the main challenges facing the courts.

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41

Mdladla, Gugulethu Delisile. "Is the European Union a political union? An analysis of the policy area of freedom, security and justice." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/5812.

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ABSTRACT The purpose of this research report is to investigate whether the European Union has begun to take the form of a political union, both in terms of the policy areas it has expanded its activities into and the nature of this activity in these areas. It examines the decision-making, in particular, type, range and ramifications thereof, in the area of freedom, security and justice, which is a controversial and political policy area, in order to determine how pre-emptive the action emanating from the supranational is in relation to national governments. If the decisions are substantially pre-emptive, then it can be concluded that the European Union has gained authority and power in an important area and thus in general, has a political character and is in the process of becoming a political union.

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42

KUIPERS, Jan-Jaap. "The interrelationship between EU law and private international law in contractual obligations : private autonomy, overriding mandatory provisions and a European justice area." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/16060.

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Анотація:

Defence Date: 17 January 2011
Examining Board: Prof. dr. Marie-Ange Moreau, European University Institute (supervisor); Prof. dr. Hans-Wolfgang Micklitz, European University Institute; Prof. dr. Gerard-René de Groot, Maastricht University; Prof. dr. Jean-Michel Jacquet, Institut des Hautes Etudes Internationales, Geneva
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
The aim of this research is to analyse the interrelationship between Private International Law and European Union law in the area of contractual obligations. The Rome I Regulation on the Law Applicable to Contractual Obligations is used to delimit the scope of research. The material rules of Rome I will be discussed in order to demonstrate that the instrument follows the traditional European conflict of laws approach without any specific orientation towards internal market objectives. The influence of Union law upon PIL goes however beyond positive harmonisation, being the codification of conflict of law norms on the European level. In the analysis of the effects of Union law upon the conflict of law process, a distinction will be drawn between international and =European‘ contracts. As regards international contracts Rome I could be used to establish the international scope of application of secondary Union law when the contract involves a link with a third country. However the legislator seems to have given preference to an autonomous approach based upon the object and purpose of the relevant instrument. These directives create nuisance in the conflict of law process and it will be proposed to integrate sector specific scope rules in Rome I. With regard to contracts that exclusively have connections with two or more Member States it will be analysed to what extent rules of contract law are caught by the fundamental freedoms. It will be argued that primary law does not favour ex ante the application of the law of a specific Member State, but may correct the applicable law. Rules that can be set aside by parties by a mere choice of law can however not have the potential effects of hindering the smooth functioning of the internal market. The overall objective of the project is to identify the methodological disharmony between Union law and PIL in the regulation of cross border contracts and to propose suggestions to improve their mutual understanding.

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43

LERMAN, Eve C. "The doctrine of implied powers in the area of treaty-making : a study of decisions of the European Court of Justice." Doctoral thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/49304.

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Анотація:

Award date: 31 December 1985
Examining Board: Professor Giorgio Gaja, University of Florence; Professor Roland Bieber, University of Saarbruecken; Professor John N. Hazard, Columbia University Law School
First made available online on 7 December 2017
LLM Diploma issued on 1 July 1987
The European Court of Justice's role in interpreting the Treaties which created the European Community has allowed it to clarify the division of powers between the Community and the Member States. Through its decision-making it has expanded the treaty-making authority of the EC far beyond the situations provided for by express grant of powers. This paper will explore the Court's development of the Community's treaty-making power through reliance on the doctrine of implied powers. The greater part of the study consists of an analysis of six cases in which the Court dealt with the power of the Community to negotiate and conclude international agreements. The sections which follow include observations on those six cases, a discussion of implied powers in United States law, and a conclusion in which decisions of the European Court of Justice, the United States Supreme Court, and the International and Permanent International Courts of Justice are compared. My aim has been to illuminate the actual standards applied by the European Court of Justice, with additional references to the affect of the Court's institutional structure on its decision-making and the differences between the Community and United States conceptions of implied power.

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44

SLINN, Ania. "Should the law relating to cahabitees standing as surety for their partner's debts be kept on a purely national level : can we have European harmonisation in this area?" Doctoral thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5636.

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Анотація:

Award date: 15 December 2000
Supervisor: C. Joerges
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
This paper will approach the possibilities of transplantation and harmonisation of laws in a social field, through the application of a case study to the theory that surround this area. The case study focuses on the laws of England, Scotland and Poland. I t relates to the situation in which a spouse (or cohabitee) needs to place their home as surety, in order that a bank will provide a loan to the other spouse. The law governs the legal rules that surround the situation where the borrowing spouse becomes insolvent. I t will be questioned, in the context of a broader discussion on the possibility of harmonisation and transplantation, whether (and how fa r) this area of law could be harmonised. Particular emphasis will be given to differences in culture leading to problems for this process. The discussion will be based, firstly, on the theoretical possibility of transplantation. This will then be focussed on the concrete situation of the European Union as an arena for harmonisation. Throughout, the academic debate will be contrasted and compared wit the case study, to focus the discussion and discern the insights that such a practical example can bring to this field.

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45

Chen, Jung-chuan, and 陳榮權. "THE INFLUENCE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP, ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE AND JOB SATISFACCTION ON JOB PERFORMNCE: TAKE THE CIVIL SERVANTS IN CHIAYI AREA FOR AN EXAMPLE." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/eus84x.

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碩士
南華大學
企業管理系管理科學碩博士班
101
This study was used to explore the affect, which about transformational leadership, organizational Justices, job performance and job satisfaction. The research object is the civil servants in Chia-yi area. Questionnaire was used. To test the research hypotheses, factor analysis, T-test, one-way ANOVA, simple regression analysis, multiple regression analysis, and the other analyses were all done by SPSS. The results are as follows:(1)Transformational leadership is with a significant positive impact on job satisfaction and job performance;(2)Organizational justices is with a significant positive impact on job satisfaction and job performance;(3)Job satisfaction is with a significant positive impact on job performance;(4)Job satisfaction had the full mediating effect between transformational leadership and job performance;(5)Job satisfaction had the full mediating effect between organizational justices and job performance;(6)Organizational justices had the partial mediating effect between transformational leadership and job satisfaction. 　　　Finally, according to the research conclusions, made some suggestions in order to offer the executive authorities, and future researchers as a reference.

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46

Costa, Mónica Santos. "O seguro de responsabilidade civil automóvel." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/28681.

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Анотація:

Na presente dissertação pretendemos discutir a natureza da responsabilidade civil em caso de ocorrência de um acidente de viação, e ainda, analisar as diversas posições doutrinais e jurisprudenciais que se têm vindo a manifestar, relativamente à possibilidade de exclusão ou limitação desta responsabilidade. Como veremos, entre a responsabilidade civil e o seguro automóvel existe uma relação de acessoriedade, pelo que se impõe uma análise cuidada deste tema. Na verdade, esta questão reveste especial relevância, porquanto permitir-nos-á perceber a génese da implementação da obrigatoriedade de um seguro de responsabilidade civil automóvel na União Europeia. Pretendemos, ainda, analisar como se configura o seguro automóvel em Portugal, e em que medida as Diretivas Comunitárias, tiveram influência sobre o nosso direito positivo. De facto, a entrada em vigor das referidas Diretivas permitiu, acima de tudo, a implementação de um contrato de seguro obrigatório e a uniformização das legislações nacionais nesta matéria. Veremos que o direito comunitário pretendeu proteger o lesado em caso de verificação de um sinistro e, como iremos verificar ao longo do nosso estudo, eliminar as disparidades existentes no pagamento de indemnizações em função do local onde ocorra o sinistro.
In this dissertation we intend to discuss the nature of civil liability in the event of a traffic accident, and also to analyse the various doctrinal and jurisprudential positions that have been manifested over time, regarding the possibility of exclusion or limitation of this responsibility. As we shall see, civil liability and motor insurance there is an accessory relationship, which requires a careful look at this theme. This is of particular relevance, since it will allow us to see the genesis of the implementation of compulsory motor vehicle liability insurance in the European Union. We also intend to analyse how car insurance is configured in Portugal, and to what extent Community Directives have had an influence on our positive law. In fact, the entry into force of these Directives enabled, above all, the implementation of a compulsory insurance contract and the standardization of national legislation in this area. Community law sought to protect the injured party in the event of an accident and, as we will see throughout the course of our study, to eliminate the disparities in the payment of compensation depending on where the accident occurred.

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47

Stępka, Maciej. "Migration and security in the European Union. A critical analysis of security discourses and narratives." Doctoral thesis, 2019. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/3247.

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The main aim of this dissertation is to provide a deeper and broader perspective on the process of securitization of migration at the EU level by analysing how different security logics are mobilized in policy framing of the so-called “migration crisis”. For this reason, the dissertation builds on critical and constructivist approach to security, offering an interpretative take on discursive securitization. In this respect, it develops the so-called “securitization as the work of framing” approach, bridging policy framing and securitization theory to make it more sensitive to a variety of security logics, interpretations and interests that intertwine in the construction of migration as a security problem. In order to investigate securitization of migration at the EU level and its underwriting logics, this dissertation employs a qualitative method of analysis, namely discursive-narrative approach to critical framing analysis. In this respect, it focuses on examination of the so-called frame-narrative embedded in the EU policy discourses on the “migration crisis” produced between late 2014 and the end of 2017. The material in this dissertation was collected through desk research (using primary and secondary text-driven data), as well as fieldwork (using data acquired from semi-structured expert interviews). The analysis of empirical material indicates that in the course of policy framing of the “migration crisis” the EU has deepened and broadened the scope of practices oriented on securitization of migration. At the same time, it shows that securitization of migration at the EU level should not be treated in terms of one dominant interpretation of security, but rather as a matter of multiple logics that co-exist and intertwine at different stages of politics and policymaking. In this respect, the EU frame-narrative on the “migration crisis” can be characterised as security-driven, non-linear, dynamic and heavily saturated with different security logics. The analysis of the EU policy discourse revealed four security logics that have been used to frame different aspects of increased migratory flows, namely: “risk management”, “resilience”, “human security”, and “realist security”. All of these logics have reached significant levels of structuration and institutionalization within the EU policy environment, making them important part of policy framing. However one security logic has proved to be the most influential in terms of securitization of migration, namely “risk management”. The logic of risk management has been extensively used by the EU policy actors to describe the increased migratory flows and migrants, not as a direct threat, but as a potential risk to European security. This type of framing holds distinctive strategic features, indicating the need for centralization of migration policies and enhancement of cooperation within the EU internal security realm for the purposes of coordination and management of migration-related risks, so that they do not turn into existential threats. In this respect, the EU policy actors have been promoting deployment of security measures as a part of migration policies, specifically focusing on instruments of physical control of migrants and development of extensive “datavaillance” mechanisms that allow to manage and mitigate any future migration-related crises.
Nadrzędnym celem niniejszej pracy jest zgłębienie i poszerzenie wiedzy o praktykach sekurytyzujących migrację na poziomie UE, ze szczególnym naciskiem na analizę logik bezpieczeństwa wykorzystywanych w ramowaniu politycznym (tj. diagnozowaniu, ewaluacji i definiowaniu środków zaradczych) tzw. „kryzysu migracyjnego”. Praca opiera się na krytycznym i konstruktywistycznym podejściu do bezpieczeństwa, jednocześnie oferując bardziej interpretacyjną perspektywę na badania nad dyskursywną sekurytyzacją migracji. Na potrzeby analizy sekurytyzacyjnej, w ramach dysertacji przeprowadzona została konceptualizacja tzw. „sekurytyzacji przez ramowanie”, podejścia analitycznego opierającego się na połączeniu teorii ramowania oraz teorii dyskursywnej sekurytyzacji, (tzw. Szkoły kopenhaskiej). Takie podejście pozwala pogłębić analizę sekurytyzacyjną otwierając ją na gamę logik, podejść, i interpretacji związanych z różnymi podejściami wykorzystywanymi do intersubiektywnego konstruowania bezpieczeństwa. Praca bazuje na jakościowej metodzie analizy materiału empirycznego, a dokładniej tzw. dyskursywno-narracyjnym podejściu do krytycznej analizy ramowej. W tym ujęciu, dysertacja skupia się na analizie tzw. ram narracyjnych (frame-narratives), osadzonych w dyskursie politycznym (policy discourse) na temat „kryzysu migracyjnego” wytworzonym przez instytucjonalnych aktorów politycznych (policy actors) na poziomie UE. Zakres analizowanego materiału dyskursywnego obejmuje lata 2014-2017, oraz wykorzystuje zarówno dane zastane jak i dane wytworzone w trakcie wywiadów eksperckich z reprezentantami badanych instytucji. Analiza materiału empirycznego wskazuje, iż w skutek intensywnego ramowania politycznego „kryzysu migracyjnego”, Unia Europejska pogłębiła i poszerzyła swój dotychczasowy zakres praktyk sekurytyzujących migrację. W tym kontekście, dominującą ramę polityczną osadzoną w unijnym dyskursie dot. „kryzysu migracyjnego” można scharakteryzować jako nielinearną, dynamiczną, i nasyconą wieloma logikami bezpieczeństwa, wykorzystanymi w celu interpretacji, diagnozy, ewaluacji i zarządzania zwiększonymi ruchami migracyjnymi. W trakcie analizy zdefiniowano cztery wiodące logiki bezpieczeństwa, wykorzystane do ramowania politycznego „kryzysu migracyjnego”: „zarządzanie ryzykiem” (risk management), „odporność” (resilience), „bezpieczeństwo ludzkie” (human security), oraz „realistyczne podejście do bezpieczeństwa” (realist security). Wszystkie te logiki w sposób znaczny wchodziły w interakcje pomiędzy sobą, wzmacniając lub osłabiając intensywność sekurytyzacji „kryzysu migracyjnego” na poziomie UE. Materiał empiryczny jednoznacznie wskazał, iż dominującą logiką wykorzystywaną do sekurytyzacji migracji na poziomie UE jest „ryzyko”. Unijni aktorzy polityczni w sposób wyraźny zbudowali narrację ramującą wokół „kryzysu migracyjnego” konstruując dyskursywnie migrantów i ruchy migracyjne jako obiekt nie bezpośredniego zagrożenia, ale ryzyka dla bezpieczeństwa europejskiego. W tym kontekście, dyskurs unijny strategicznie ramuje kryzys w kategoriach potencjalnego niebezpieczeństwa dla UE, wskazując na potrzebę centralizacji polityk migracyjnych na poziomie europejskim oraz wzmacniania wspólnotowego wymiaru bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego. W ten sposób promowane są polityki oraz środki bezpieczeństwa pozwalające na długoterminowej zarządzanie ruchami migracyjnymi, głównie poprzez instrumenty kontroli fizycznej nad migrantami, jak i ich inwigilację elektroniczną.

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48

Walters, Roger. "The legal expression of Slovenia and Australia’s national identity: a comparative analysis of Slovenia and Australia’s citizenship, immigration, rights and private international laws." Thesis, 2016. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/33775/.

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Анотація:

Slovenia and Australia each have a national identity, although quite different. A national identity includes but is not limited language, culture, religion, democracy and its institutions, and the rule of law. National identity is a contested concept and can invoke different responses. Part of a state’s national identity is conferred through citizenship. A state's legislation framework includes citizenship, immigration, rights and private international laws. These laws are used by a state to reinforce, underpin and strengthen its national identity. This thesis will discuss the public and private aspects of citizenship. The public constitutes the state developing laws for citizenship, immigration, rights and conflict of laws. The private constitutes those private activities undertaken by a citizen such as migrating from one state to another, and engaging other citizens in marriage and divorce. The rights of citizens also constitute the private as it enables a citizen protect themselves from other citizens and the state.

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49

Zilvarová, Aneta. "Princip solidarity a burden-sharing v prostoru svobody, bezpečnosti a práva EU." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-336381.

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This thesis deals with the issue of solidarity and burden-sharing (responsibility-sharing respectively) in the EU Area of Freedom, Security and Justice. Its primary aim is to apply the theory of burden-sharing to the case of the EU asylum policy and in particular, to verify or falsify Olson's free-riding hypothesis on the exploitation of the great by the small (meaning of the rich by the poor). This hypothesis will be tested using a mixed research method which combines qualitative and quantitative elements. The qualitative part will focus on the analysis of the so-called Dublin Regulation (Dublin II and III) and its criteria and mechanisms of determining the responsible Member State for examining an asylum application. Applying Moravcsik's liberal intergovernmentalism, a special emphasis will be placed on the proces of negotiating the Regulation (Dublin II) in an attempt to identify and clarify dominant Member States' positions and their influence on the final wording. Consequently, the level of burden- sharing will be illustrated on the example of interstate transfers of asylum seekers (so-called physical burden-sharing). This type of burden-sharing will be also demonstrated qualitatively by means of statistical data available for the period of 2008-2013 which will be interpreted in relation to...

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50

Orzeł-Jakubowska, Aleksandra. "Sądownictwo polubowne w świetle standardów konstytucyjnych." Doctoral thesis, 2019. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/3576.

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Niniejsza rozprawa zmierza do wypełnienia wskazanej luki w polskim piśmiennictwie przez realizację siedmiu zasadniczych celów badawczych. Pierwszym celem rozprawy jest ustalenie, które elementy charakterystyki arbitrażu stanowią cechy konstytutywne tej metody rozstrzygania sporów. Drugi cel badawczy sprowadza się do weryfikacji dopuszczalności funkcjonowania sądów polubownych wobec konstytucyjnej zasady sądowego wymiaru sprawiedliwości. Jako trzeci cel można wskazać określenie relacji pomiędzy zapisem na sąd polubowny, będącym przejawem autonomii woli stron, a prawem do sądu. Czwartym celem pracy jest ustalenie standardów konstytucyjnych mających zastosowanie do sądownictwa polubownego i zweryfikowanie zgodności z nimi Części piątej k.p.c., a następnie wyjaśnienie wpływu tych standardów na postępowanie przed sądami polubownymi i wydawane przez nie wyroki oraz orzecznictwo sądów państwowych w postępowaniach postarbitrażowych – co stanowi piąty cel pracy. Szósty cel sprowadza się do zestawienia wniosków płynących z analizy wpływu standardów konstytucyjnych na sądownictwo polubowne z wnioskami dotyczącymi takiego wpływu art. 6 ust. 1 EKPCz, który stanowi punkt odniesienia dla europejskich systemów prawnych.W ramach realizacji siódmego celu, praca zmierza do weryfikacji, czy ochrona prawna udzielana przez sądy polubowne jest ekwiwalentna do ochrony udzielanej przez sądy państwowe. Osiągnięcie powyższych celów wymagało przyjęcia i zweryfikowania szeregu cząstkowych hipotez badawczych. Wybrane, najistotniejsze hipotezy cząstkowe przedstawione zostaną poniżej i przyporządkowane są do konkretnych rozdziałów pracy. Pod względem strukturalnym została ona bowiem podzielona na pięć rozdziałów poprzedzonych wprowadzeniem i zwieńczonych wnioskami.

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Дисертації з теми "European area of civil justice"

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