Дисертації з теми "Étude transcriptionnelle"
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Lehoux, Dario. "Étude transcriptionnelle de l'actinophage JHJ-3." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq21790.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаHumblin, Etienne. "Étude de la régulation transcriptionnelle des lymphocytes Th9." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCI006/document.
Повний текст джерелаCD4 helper T cells support a wide range of functions due to their ability to differentiate into different effector subsets depending on the antigen encountered and the cytokine environment in which they are. Current knowledge on the differentiation of helper T cells highlights the existence of complex transcriptional networks specific to each T helper subset. In 2008, IL-9 secreting CD4 T cells (Th9) are identified as a new helper T cell subtype. Differentiated in the presence of IL-4 and TGF-β, Th9 cells secrete IL-9 and IL-21, and contribute to the development of autoimmune and allergic diseases. Th9 lymphocytes also exhibit strong anti-tumor properties.The transcriptional network of the Th9 cells results from a balance between the signaling pathways induced by the different cytokines required for its polarization. IL-4 allows activation of STAT6 and expression of GATA3 and IRF4, whereas TGF-β leads to activation of the Smad pathway and expression of the transcription factor PU.1. The IRF4 / BATF transcriptional module and the PU.1 factor are essential messengers for the development of Th9 cells and IL-9 secretion.IRF8 is a crucial transcription factor for the development of myeloid cells and B lymphocytes. Recently it appeared that IRF8 was involved in helper T subset polarization. Indeed, IRF8 limits the secretion of IL-17 by Th17 cells, as well as repressing the expression of Il4 and Il17 in Treg cells. Structurally close to IRF4, IRF8 interacts with cofactors such as PU.1 or BATF in order to regulate transcriptional activity.This work reveals that the IRF8 transcription factor contributes to the polarization of Th9 cells in vitro and in vivo. The TGF-β needed for Th9 cell differentiation activate Smad3 pathway which directly modulates the Irf8 expression. As in many cellular subtypes, the transcriptional function of IRF8 is dependent on these interaction partners. We show that in the presence of the transcription factors PU.1, IRF4 and BATF, IRF8 participates in a multiprotein complex essential for the induction of the Th9 cytokines, Il9 and Il21. We also demonstrate that in the presence of the ETV6 protein, IRF8 is able to form a complex responsible for the repression of Il4 expression. We underline the bivalent role played by IRF8 in the development of Th9 cells depending on its partners. Finally, expression of Irf8 is crucial for Th9 cells to exercise their antitumor functions
Argaud, Déborah. "Étude de la régulation transcriptionnelle au locus ENPP2." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40224.
Повний текст джерелаBérubé-Simard, Félix-Antoine. "Étude de la régulation transcriptionnelle du gène hoxa5 chez la souris." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25601.
Повний текст джерелаHox genes encode transcription factors, which orchestrate bilaterian anteroposterior patterning. Using Hoxa5-/- mice as model, we have demonstrated that this gene plays a key role in axial and appendicular skeletal patterning as well as in the formation of several organs such as the respiratory and digestive tracts. Using a transgenesis approach and successive deletions in the Hoxa4-Hoxa5 intergenic region, I have identified two distinct regulatory elements responsible for Hoxa5 expression in respiratory and digestive tracts: a 163-bp NcoI-SacI DNA fragment having enhancer activity that drives expression in lung, stomach and intestine, and a 259-bp XbaI-BssHII fragment necessary for a complete Hoxa5 digestive tract expression. Electrophoretic mobility shift (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays have demonstrated the capacity of the YY1 transcription factor to bind these two DNA sequences. By mutating its binding sites in a transgenesis context, I have highlighted the transcriptional activator role of the YY1 protein in Hoxa5 organ expression, which is very interesting since few examples of Hox gene activation by YY1 are reported in the literature. I have also generated two transgenic mice lines expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of two combinations of identified regulatory sequences. These lines have been charaterized and provide useful genetic tools to study gene function in specific tissues along the anteroposterior axis. I have also applicate ChIP technology to demonstrate the in vivo binding of CDX4 and HOXB9 homeobox transcription factors to the 164-bp AvrII-Eco47III DNA fragment included in the MES regulatory element. Consequently, I have shown that the HOXB9 protein caudally participates to restrict the Hoxa5 gene expression at the level of prevertebra 10, which supports the posterior prevalence concept. Finaly, the Hoxa5 locus encompasses 4 overlapping transcripts of 1.8, 5.0, 9.5 and 11.0-kb that can produce a HOXA5 protein in an in vitro context. However, I have demonstrated that only the short transcript of 1.8-kb corresponding to the two known Hoxa5 gene exons is transcribed into an in vivo HOXA5 protein associated to the gene function. Data will be presented and discussed.
Gattuso, Mariza. "Étude transcriptionnelle d'agents antimicrobiens affectant les membranes et les parois bactériennes." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4819.
Повний текст джерелаGobeil, Lise-Andrée. "Étude de la régulation génique post-transcriptionnelle impliquant DCR1 chez Schizosaccharomyces pombe." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24896/24896.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаRouland, Lila. "Étude de la fonction transcriptionnelle de la parkine dans les cancers cérébraux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR6002.
Повний текст джерелаParkin is a protein responsible for some familial autosomal recessive forms of Parkinson’s disease.It’s mainly considered as an E3 ligase activity but parkin also acts as a transcription factor (TF). To date, three transcriptional targets of parkin have been identified p53, PS1 and PS2. Indeed, parkin represses p53 and presenilin 2 and transactivates presenilin 1. It is interesting to note that parkin also plays a role in cancer as a tumor suppressor. It is also frequently deleted or inactivated in a number of malignant tumors.Previous studies have shown that parkin expression is reduced in gliomas. This decrease in parkin levels was found to be associated with the loss of function of another key transcriptional factor frequently mutated in glioma: p53. These studies suggest that parkin transcription function may have a major role in the origin and/or development of gliomas. My thesis project addressed this question and was articulated in two main axes. First, we investigated the mechanisms of parkin nucleo-cytoplasmic transport. This enabled us to determine the existence of NLS (import signal) and NES (export signal) sequences in the structure of parkin. These NLS and NES sequences are recognized by the import and export complexes, respectively.We have mutated the NLS and NES parkin’s domains, in one or more amino acids, in order to block their recognition by importins and exportins. Thus, we have generated genetic tools that have allowed us to examine with precision the transcription factor and E3-ligase functions of parkin. Second, we have examined the implication of TF activity of parkin in the etiology of glioma. In this context, we have identified two new transcriptional targets of parkin: cyclins A and B. These cyclins are involved in the control of the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. Using the NLS/NES parkin mutants, we were able to show that parkin regulates cyclin A only via its TF activity and cyclin B via its two activities. By means of an in vivo model (wild type (PK+/+) or invalidated (PK-/-) mice for parkin) in which we injected glioblastoma murine cells we show that parkin invalidation leads to increased tumor size. Importantly, we show that both nuclear and cytosolic parkin induce tumor suppression, but nuclear parkin reduces tumor progression more efficiently than cytosolic parkin. Thus, the TF activity of parkin seems to be particularly involved in the regulation of proliferation in glioblastoma. This study is therefore of major interest because it allowed us to gain insight in the mechanism of parkin nucleus-cytoplasm shuttle and establish the exact contribution of parkin TF function in tumor suppression in glioblastoma context
Abou-Jaoude, Wassim. "Oscillations et bistabilité dans des réseaux de régulation transcriptionnelle: étude théorique et expérimentale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210295.
Повний текст джерелаLa première partie de cette thèse a été consacrée à l’étude du réseau p53-Mdm2 pour lequel nous avons développé un modèle simple composé d’un circuit de rétroaction positif imbriqué dans un circuit de rétroaction négatif. Les résultats de notre analyse logique montrent que les principales propriétés dynamiques du réseau peuvent être résumées par un petit nombre de diagrammes de bifurcation logique. Ces scénarios de bifurcations diffèrent par la séquence d’activation du circuit positif et négatif composant le réseau et dépendent d’une part de l’affinité de la p53 pour ses gènes cibles et d’autre part de son activité transcriptionnelle. Nous proposons que différents stress et types cellulaires pourraient correspondre à différents scénarios de bifurcation et donc conduire à des réponses différentes après irradiation. Cette première analyse qualitative nous a permis de rendre compte de différents aspects de la dynamique du réseau observés expérimentalement, tels que le changement de fréquence des oscillations en cours de réponse, les oscillations de longue durée de la p53 ou l’amortissement rapide des oscillations à l’échelle d’une population de cellules. Pour nous affranchir des fortes non-linéarités inhérentes au traitement logique, nous avons ensuite traduit le modèle logique en un modèle différentiel et montré que les principaux comportements présentés par le modèle logique sont conservés, suggérant que la structure du réseau détermine dans une large mesure les principales potentialités dynamiques du système. L’analyse des propriétés de bifurcation du modèle différentiel en fonction du niveau de dommage à l’ADN nous a également permis de mettre en évidence la présence de deux régimes oscillants d’amplitude, de valeur moyenne et de fréquence nettement différentes, séparés par une zone de bicyclicité où ces deux régimes coexistent. Cette propriété permet d’expliquer l’existence des deux fréquences d’oscillation différentes qui ont été observées expérimentalement en fonction de la dose d’irradiation. Enfin l’analyse stochastique de notre modèle nous a, en particulier, permis de rendre compte de l’augmentation du nombre de cellules oscillant à des fréquences élevées lorsque la dose d’irradiation augmente, observée expérimentalement.
La deuxième partie de notre thèse a été consacrée à l’étude du réseau de facteurs GATA chez la levure S.cerevisiae. Ce réseau, constitué des activateurs Gln3 et Nil1 et des répresseurs Dal80 et Gzf3, comporte plusieurs circuits de rétroaction positifs et négatifs interconnectés. Dans le but d’aider à comprendre le rôle et le fonctionnement du réseau GATA, nous avons effectué une analyse théorique et expérimentale de son comportement dynamique en fonction de la qualité de la source azotée. L’analyse différentielle montre la possibilité d’un comportement bistable dans les milieux de qualité intermédiaire en azote et d’oscillations amorties suite à un transfert nutritionnel d’une condition azotée à une autre, lorsque l’activation des gènes du réseau par Gln3 et Nil1 est synergique ou lorsque le gène Gln3 est supprimé. Gzf3 serait le répresseur clef impliqué dans la bistabilité tandis que Dal80 serait le répresseur clef impliqué dans les comportements oscillants. L’analyse stochastique nous a permis d’étudier l’effet des fluctuations moléculaires sur ces comportements et les distributions de variables importantes du système dans une population de cellules. Pour le modèle synergique de la souche sauvage et celui du mutant gln3°, elle a montré l’existence, dans des milieux de qualité intermédiaire en azote, de deux populations de cellules qui coexistent :une population où l’expression de Dal80 est réprimée, une autre où son expression est activée. Enfin, l’étude de la dynamique du couplage entre la protéine fluorescente Gfp, sous le contrôle du promoteur de DAL80, et le réseau GATA montre que, pour des ordres de grandeur physiologique de la vitesse de disparition de la Gfp, la bimodalité présente au niveau du réseau GATA devrait se refléter au niveau de la Gfp.
Les comportements bistables et oscillants mis en évidence dans notre étude théorique du réseau GATA ont ensuite été testés expérimentalement en suivant la Gfp sous le contrôle du promoteur de DAL80 en fonction de la concentration de la source azotée glutamine. Cette étude expérimentale nous a permis de mettre en évidence l’existence d’oscillations amorties de la fluorescence de la protéine de fusion Dal80-Gfp. De telles oscillations cependant n’ont pas été observées dans les expériences réalisées sur les autres souches testées pour lesquelles le gène de la Gfp est fusionné au promoteur de DAL80. Notre étude expérimentale montre également l’existence, chez la souche sauvage, d’une population unique de cellules fluorescentes quelle que soit la concentration du milieu extérieur en glutamine testé (0.2mM à 10mM). Un modèle additif où l’activation des gènes du réseau par Gln3 et Nil1 n’est pas synergique serait donc en meilleur accord avec nos observations. Chez les souches où le facteur Gln3 est inactivé, par contre, deux populations cellulaires, l’une de forte fluorescence et constituée de cellules de grande taille, l’autre de plus faible fluorescence et constituée de cellules de taille plus petite, coexistent pour des concentrations intermédiaires du milieu extérieur en glutamine. La forte corrélation observée entre la taille et la fluorescence des cellules suggère que le comportement bimodal observé au niveau de la fluorescence est lié au comportement bimodal observé au niveau de la taille. Enfin, un modèle phénoménologique de la croissance cellulaire nous a permis de reproduire l’existence de deux populations cellulaires de taille distincte.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Yockell-Lelièvre, Julien. "Étude de la régulation transcriptionnelle de ICAM-1 : implication de la voie JAK/STAT." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27403/27403.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаNaciri, Ikrame. "Épigénétique, signalisation et cancer : Étude de la régulation transcriptionnelle des gènes Testis/Placenta spécifiques." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC254.
Повний текст джерелаSpatio-temporal gene transcriptional regulation is essential to establish and maintain cell identity. Impairment of the molecular mechanisms involved in this regulation could lead to diseases like cancer. Testis/Placenta specific genes (TS/PS) are found to be expressed in cancer while their expression is normally restricted in testis and placenta. Overexpression of TS/PS in cancer is correlated to bad prognosis and some of these genes are known to be oncogenes. Moreover these genes could induce immune responses when they are expressed in cancer making them good candidates for therapeutic targets.In this thesis, we set up two genetic screens, which allow us to identify three new actors involved in the transcriptional regulation of the TS/PS gene ADAM12. This metalloprotease which is overexpressed in many tumors is involved in cell migration and invasion of cancer cells. Our study showed that the kinase TAK1 (MAP3K7) and the chromatin remodelers KAT2A and SIRT6 are involved in the regulation of ADAM12 expression. We went further and dissect the molecular mechanisms involved in this regulation and we discovered a link between the acetyltransferase KAT2A and TAK1 signaling pathway. These results allow us to propose TAK1 and KAT2A as potential therapeutic targets in high-ADAM12 expressing tumors and/or in tumors with TAK1 mutations
Lehoux, Sylvain. "Étude de l'expression et des mécanismes de régulation transcriptionnelle tissu-spécifique du gène ST6GAL2." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10102/document.
Повний текст джерелаSialylation is one of the last step of the biosynthesis of glycan chains carried by glycoproteins and glycolipids. The a2,6-sialylation of N-acetyllactosaminyl (Galß1-4GlcNAc) structures is commonly found at the end of glycan chains and is involved in numerous cell / cell or host / pathogen adhesion and recognition events. In Human, two sialyltransferases synthesise this glycan epitope, namely hST6Gal I and hST6Gal II. They differ from each other in substrate specificity an in tissue-specific pattern of expression. Whereas the gene encoding hST6Gal I, ST6GAL1, is expressed in almost all tissues, ST6GAL2 shows a narrower pattern of tissue expression essentially limited to fetal and adult brain. In addition, hST6Gal II exhibits similarities in terms of substrate specificity and gene expression pattern with the sialyltransferase identified in D. melanogaster and therefore, seems to have conserved ancestral properties required for brain function and growing nervous tissue. Several studies have shown that the expression of sialyltransferases is controlled at the transcriptional level by the use of specific promoters that regulate their expression in a tissue-specific fashion. Data about ST6GAL2 are rather limited; however, it appears the expression of this gene is finely regulated by mechanisms likely conserved through evolution. The aim of this thesis was to identify the 5’ non translated regions of the ST6GAL2 gene and to characterize the associated promoter regions. From a neuroblastoma cultured cell model, we identified by 5’RACE three types of transcripts which are different only in their first non-coding exon. Those exons, named EX, EY and EZ, are located more then 42 kbp upstream of the first common coding exon and are only separated by 124 and 87 bp, respectively. Using Taqman duplex Q-PCR technology we have shown that the transcripts initiated by EX and EY are predominantly expressed compared to EZ both in several cell lines and in human brain tissue samples. We also demonstrated that the hST6Gal II protein is expressed in the different lobes of the human cerebral cortex, the cerebellum and the hippocampus. We isolated different genomic sequences upstream EX and within EX/EY/EZ region and inserted them in a reporter vector for luciferase assays. We could define two promoter sequences upstream EX and ZY. PCR site-directed mutagenesis experiments along with bioinformatics analysis revealed that transcription factors NF-?B and NRSF are likely to act as transcription inhibitors, whereas the Sox5, SP1, Pura and Olf1 factors would be involved in the transcriptional activation of ST6GAL2. The NRSF, Sox5, Pura and Olf1 transcription factors are notably involved in the transcriptional regulation of genes related to neuronal functions and the neuronal development. Eventually, we have shown evidence of a strong increased ST6GAL2 expression during neuronal differentiation of the NT2/D1 cell line under acid retinoic treatment, suggesting of putative role this enzyme in neuronal differentiation
Beaudoin, Jean-Denis. "Étude des G-quadruplexes comme régulateurs de l'ARN." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6222.
Повний текст джерелаBeranger, Guillaume. "Étude de la régulation transcriptionnelle du gène Tcirg1 dans le cadre de la différenciation ostéoclastique." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE4042.
Повний текст джерелаBone undergoes constant remodeling, and its homeostasis is under the control of two major cell types, namely osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The Tcirg1 gene encodes the osteoclast-specific a3 isoform of the V-ATPase a subunit. The V-ATPase complex is a proton pump responsible for the bone matrix degradation and mutations in the a3 subunit account for an osteopetrotic phenotype both in human and in mouse. Using the RAW264. 7 cell line as an osteoclast differentiation model, we studied the regulation of Tcirg1 gene expression. We identified PARP-1 as a transcriptional repressor which is downregulated during RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. We identified the AP-1 dimer JunD/Fra2 as an activating transcriptional factor involved in Tcirg1 promoter activity upregulation. We also identified a second PARP-1 interacting sequence adjacent to the JunD/Fra2 binding site. Finally, the data we obtained using Tcirg1 gene promoter deleted for the JunD/Fra2 site favoured the hypothesis of the existence, in pre-osteoclastic cells, of an inhibitory complex involving PARP-1 and the JunD/Fra2 binding sites we identified. We also studied the expression of TIRC7, an alternative product of the Tcirg1 gene which was identified in activated T-cells. Using the El-4 lymphocytic cell line as a model, we observed that the activation signal induced the splicing of the intron 5 of pre-mRNA species stored in the nucleus and their translocation to the cytoplasm. Lastly, we provided data suggesting the existence of a translational regulation responsible for a3 or TIRC7 synthesis, depending on the cell type. In the last section, we adressed the issue of PARP-1 involvement in the regulation of Tracp gene, a gene which encodes an acid phosphatase strongly up-regulated during osteoclastogenesis. As previously observed for Tcirg1 gene, we identified PARP-1 as a transcriptional repressor of Tracp expression, therfore establishing a new role for PARP-1 in RANKL-induced up-regulation of two critical genes for the osteoclast biology. Altogether, the results obtained in this study led us to propose the first model, involving PARP-1 inhibition release and JunD/Fra-2 binding, for Tcirg1 gene upregulation during osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, we provided data suggesting a new role for PARP-1 as a transcriptional factor critical for the osteoclast biology
Tekaya, Hamouda Nedra. "Identification et étude d'un nouveau mécanisme nucléaire de régulation post-transcriptionnelle par les micro-ARN." Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE4007/document.
Повний текст джерелаMicro-RNA, nuclear regulation, gene silencing, SfpqThere is a growing body of evidence about the presence and the activity of the miRISC in the nucleus of mammalian cells. Here we show by quantitative proteomic analysis that Ago2 interacts with the complex formed by Sfpq, Pspc1 and NonO in a RNA-dependent fashion. Sfpq mediates the interaction between miRISC with Pspc1 and NonO in the nucleoplasm. By HITS-CLIP coupled with transcriptomic analysis, we demonstrated that Sfpq specifically controls the downregulation of a subset of crucial let-7a-target mRNAs in stem cells, including Lin28a, Prtg, and Igf2bp1. Sfpq directly binds to specific sequence in the 3'UTR to promote the recruitment of selected nucleoplasmic miRNAs and triggers the decay, as we show for Lin28a mRNA. These results extend the miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing into the nucleus and indicate that a dual strategy
Margaillan, Guillaume. "Étude de la variabilité d'expression et de la régulation post-transcriptionnelle des uridine-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26556.
Повний текст джерелаPhase II metabolism is conveyed by UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT), which are enzymes regulating the inactivation of many drugs and endogenous molecules. This metabolic pathway is characterized by a significant interindividual variability at the level of gene expression and activity. The measurement of glucuronidation capacity and understanding of the mechanisms involved in this variability in human tissues are an important issue. However, the lack of substrate specificity for most UGT enzymes, the high similarity of their protein sequences and the lack of correlation between mRNA and protein expression complexifies accurate measurements of glucuronidation capacities in human tissues. To circumvent these issues, UGT quantification techniques by mass spectrometry have been recently developed. This allow us to determine whether expression patterns of UGT proteins, thus obtained by these quantifications, predict the potential of glucuronidation in human tissues. The results of our studies show a wide interindividual variability, but that the protein expression profiles of four UGT in liver and kidney tissues correlate with glucuronidation activities of their respective probe substrates. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that the glucuronidation capacity in tumor kidney tissues is greatly diminished relative to normal kidney tissues. Although many UGT regulatory mechanisms have been described, a significant part of their variability in mRNA, protein expression and activity remains unexplained and may involve epigenetic mechanisms, such as a regulation by microRNAs. Thus, we identified four microRNAs (miR-331, miR-376c, miR-409 and miR-494) as potential regulators of UGT2B15 / 2B17. Among these microRNAs, we have demonstrated the involvement of miR-376c in the regulation of UGT2B15 / 2B17, and determined that microRNAs could thus influence the bioavailability of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in prostate cancer cells in vitro and prostatic tumors in vivo.
Poulin-Laprade, Dominic. "Étude de la régulation transcriptionnelle des éléments intégratifs et conjugatifs de la famille SXT/R391." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7934.
Повний текст джерелаMathieu, Isabelle. "La rubredoxine de Clostridium Pasteurianum : clonage et séquençage du gène, étude transcriptionnelle ; expression chez Escherichia coli." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10031.
Повний текст джерелаDonnio, Lise-Marie. "Étude transcriptionnelle des mutations dans le Médiateur ou dans son partenaire NIPBL à l'origine des maladies génétiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ050/document.
Повний текст джерелаMediator (MED) is a multi-protein complex whose main role is to convey to basal transcriptional machinery the different signals from factors bound at specific DNA sequences , allowing thus a fine regulation of gene expression. Mutations in MED or its partners, like NIPBL, cause various diseases, such as congenital malformations, neurodevelopmental disorders or cancers. Using cells from patients carrying different mutations in the MED subunits, MED12 or MED17, or in NIPBL, we observed an alteration of the expression of studied genes which depend on the position of the mutation and on the nature of the activation. These variations of gene expression are the consequence of a defect in transcription complex formation, as well as in chromatin remodeling(post-translational histones modifications). In addition to better comprehend the role of the MED subunits MED12 and MED17, and of NIPBL on gene transcription, my thesis helped to better understand the ethiology of the disorders associated with mutations in these proteins
Baanannou, Aissette. "Étude de la régulation transcriptionnelle des gènes bab au cours du développement des appendices chez la drosophile." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1838/.
Повний текст джерелаA proper spatio-temporal expression of bric-a-brab2 is required for the proximo-distal (PD) patterning of the Drosophila leg and antenna. Here, we deciphered the molecular mechanisms controlling bab2 expression in developing distal leg (4 rings) and antennal (2 rings) tissues. Using site-targeted GFP reporter assay and BAC recombineering, we show that restricted bab2 expression relies on a single 0. 56 kb cis-regulatory module (CRM), which is necessary and sufficient to drive normal Bab2 function in both developing leg and antenna. Through deletion and site-directed mutagenesis approaches, we identified discrete DNA motifs acting either positively or negatively. Finally, loss- and gain-of-function genetic analyses in combination with in-vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assays established that the Distal-less homeodomain protein directly activates bab2 in all rings, whereas the Rotund C2H2 zinc-finger protein is specifically required for direct activation in the most proximal rings. This work paves the way to decipher at the molecular level how to make concentric rings from an epithelial layer in order to organize the PD limb patterning
Berodes, Maelle. "Étude de l'importance de la phosphorylation sur l'activité transcriptionnelle du facteur de transcription GATA4 sur certains promoteurs cibles." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28975/28975.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPlaza, Serge. "Étude de la régulation transcriptionnelle du gène Pax-QNR/Pax6, un gène essentiel pour la formation des yeux." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10068.
Повний текст джерелаBerodes, Maëlle. "Étude de l'importance de la phosphorylation sur l'activité transcriptionnelle du facteur de transcription GATA4 sur certains promoteurs cibles." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23448.
Повний текст джерелаMoisan, Stéphanie. "Étude des mécanismes de régulation à distance du gène CFTR." Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0018/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene was identified in 1989. Twenty five years later, the regulatory mechanisms controlling its complex expression are still not fully understood. Although, almost 1980 mutations have been identified, many cases of cystic fibrosis or CFTR Related Disorders remain still of unknown origin. The promoter which binds transcription factors and drives some aspects of CFTR gene expression, cannot alone account for tissue specific control. This implicates other distal cis- or trans-acting elements in cell-type-specific regulation of CFTR expression. The aim of our project is to study long-range regulatory elements of the CFTR gene, which could interact specifically with the CFTR promoter by tri-dimensional folding mechanism. We first developed the Chromosome Conformation Captures (3C) approach to map these chromosomal contacts. Subsequently, we enhanced our analyses with a high-throughput adaptation of 3C: the 3C-Carbon Copy (5C) technology. This approach allows the analysis of millions chromatin interactions. Thus, we have analyzed the spatial organization of a ~790kb region, comprising the CFTR gene, in primary nasal epithelial cells, which express the gene, and primary skin fibroblasts, which do not express the gene. Interactions between this locus and the CFTR promoter have been analysed by next generation sequencing with the Ion PGM™. We have compared chromatin conformation in order to identify uncharacterized regulatory elements that act especially in CFTR-expressing cells. Our approach has been validated by the identification of previously characterized regulatory elements. Moreover, we identify novel chromatin contacts of the CFTR promoter with chromosomal regions, which could potentially be involved in CFTR gene expression regulation. Thanks to 3C and 3C-derivated analyses, we could identify new possible mutations far from the gene, which may lead to its dysfunction by modifying the chromatin conformation or regulatory elements
Pfeffer, Sébastien. "Identification et étude fonctionnelle de protéines virales impliquées dans la suppression de l'extinction post-transcriptionnelle de gènes ou PTGS." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007938.
Повний текст джерелаTremblay, Jessy. "Étude de la régulation transcriptionnelle et post-traductionnelle du gène YPS1 codant pour l'endoprotéase yapsine-1 de Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ57841.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGrans, Julia. "Étude de la régulation transcriptionnelle de Mlxipl par RFX6 et identification des gènes cibles dans les cellules bêta pancréatiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ013.
Повний текст джерелаPancreatic endocrine function is critical for glucose homeostasis because pancreatic islets contain the only cells of the body, the beta cells, capable of producing and secreting insulin. The transcription factor RFX6 is maintained in all mature islet cells and is as an essential regulator of beta cell development, identity and function. In humans, RFX6 mutations cause Mitchell-Riley syndrome, a developmental disorder characterized by neonatal diabetes and malformations of the digestive tract. The search for RFX6 targets in murine islets revealed that the transcription factor Mlxipl is directly regulated by RFX6. In this thesis, we investigated the mechanism of Mlxipl transcriptional regulation by RFX6, and the respective roles of RFX6 and its downstream target MLXIPL in adult beta cells. We demonstrated that RFX6 binds to the first intron of Mlxipl that contains a critical RFX binding motif (xbox), and we identified cofactors of this process. By comparing the changes in the transcriptomes linked to the loss of RFX6 or MLXIPL in the pancreatic beta cell line Ins-1 832/13 and the glucose level, we determined the genetic programs controlled by RFX6 and MLXIPL
Viala, Julie. "Étude de la régulation des gènes clp et de leur implication dans le cycle de différenciation de Streptomyces lividans." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066366.
Повний текст джерелаMarthinet, Eric. "Modulation du phénotype typique de multichimiorésistance (MDR) des cellules cancéreuses humaines par des leurres transcriptionnels et étude de la régulation transcriptionnelle du gène MDR1 au niveau de la région MED-1." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10021.
Повний текст джерелаPeyraud-Thomas, Caroline. "Étude fonctionnelle des complexes multiprotéiques impliqués dans la régulation transcriptionnelle des gènes de la voie de biosynthèse des acides aminés soufrés chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066467.
Повний текст джерелаBergeron, Marjorie-Allison. "Étude des mécanismes de régulation transcriptionnelle des sous-unités alpha5 et béta5 des intégrines dans le contexte du mélanome uvéal." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/28963/28963.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPlener, Laure. "Étude des mécanismes d'activation transcriptionnelle des gènes de virulence et des fonctions d'adaptation in planta chez la bactérie Ralstonia solanacearum." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1255/.
Повний текст джерелаHrpG is the central virulence regulator of the phytopathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum. HrpG integrates environmental and host-dependent signals and induces the expression of type III secretion system genes via HrpB, as well as almost 200 genes independent from HrpB. A regulator highly homologous to HrpG was identified and characterised. This regulator, called PrhG, also induces the expression of hrpB, but only upon the environmental signal. We showed that HrpG and PrhG are two direct regulators of hrpB and that they partly require the same cis-regulatory sequences. The objective of our study is to understand how HrpG and PrhG share the control of hrpB expression and to define more precisely HrpG regulon in order to identify functions implicated in colonisation and adaptation to the host environment
Bergeron, Marjorie-Allison. "Étude des mécanismes de régulation transcriptionnelle des sous-unités α5 et ß5 des intégrines dans le contexte du mélanome uvéal". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24702.
Повний текст джерелаBellier, Audrey. "Les protéases ATP-dépendantes de Streptomyces lividans : étude de la régulation de leur expression et de leur implication dans le cycle de différenciation." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066016.
Повний текст джерелаSbih-Lammali, Fatima. "Étude transcriptionnelle et traductionnelle des gènes du virus d'Epstein-Barr et des proto-oncogènes dans les biopsies du cancer du rhinopharynx." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO1T150.
Повний текст джерелаBriançon, Nadège. "Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4αʾ : régulation transcriptionnelle du promoteur distal et étude fonctionnelle des isoformes par "knock-in" réciproques chez la souris". Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066003.
Повний текст джерелаLeonard, Simon. "Identification d'ARN régulateurs bactériens : développement d’une méthode de détection et étude de la régulation post-transcriptionnelle chez la bactérie phytopathogène Dickeya dadantii." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1279.
Повний текст джерелаBacterial organisms are directly exposed to environmental conditions and have to respond to environmental stress. To do so, several regulation network are known. Recently, post transcriptional regulation with small RNAs was suggested to be a fast and cheap in energy regulation mechanism. In the phytopathogen Dickeya dadantii, investigations on pathogenic process mostly focused on its control by transcriptional regulators. Knowledge of post-transcriptional regulation of the virulence factors is still in its infancy.To this end, we first studied the impact of RNA chaperones in the virulence of D. dadantii and showed that they were involved in the regulation of several virulence factors, like production of cell wall degrading enzyme. Then, we developed a new method to detect sRNAs from paired-end bacterial RNA-seq data. This method take paired end sequencing into account, which allow the sequencing of the both ends of each fragment. A comparative assessment showed that this method outperforms all the existing methods in terms of sRNA detection and boundary precision. Finally, this method was applied to sequencing data. With this analysis, more than one thousand sRNAs has been detected, with the identification of several candidates potentially involved in virulence.Thereby, this work highlight the existence of post-transcriptionnal regulation in D. dadantii and suggest candidates and mechanisms involved in this regulation
Massoumou, Médard. "Identification de gènes de Medicago truncatula spécifiques aux interactions mycorhiziennes à arbuscules et étude de l’activité transcriptionnelle régulée par le monoxyde d’azote." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOS030.
Повний текст джерелаExpression of fourteen M. Truncatula genes whose ESTs are only present in mycorrhizal root cDNA librairies was compared during root interactions with seven arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi belonging to different species and with other pathogenic / beneficial micro-organisms. Eleven of these genes were induced by all the AM fungal species and the other three genes showed a differential response. Most of these plant genes activated only in mycorrhizal roots could provide molecular markers for successful mycorrhizal interactions. At the appressorium stage 6 out of 9 genes activated by Glomus intraradices were also activated by G. Mosseae. The co-induction of plant genes by different species and genera of Glomeromycota points to common events in the mycorrhiza-related genetic programme. Transcription of M. Truncatula genes encoding NR and NIR (enzymes potentially implicated in NO production) was increased, but only during the early stage of root colonization by G. Intraradices. No difference in expression levels was observed for these two genes during incompatible interactions between the Myc- M. Truncatula mutant Mtsym13 and G. Intraradices, which pleads in favour of a role of NO in the signalisation process during the early stages of AM symbiosis establishment. Treatment of M. Truncatula with a NO donor (GSNO) activated expression of NR, NIR and MAP kinase genes in non inoculated-roots, which reinforces the hypothesis of role of NO in the AM symbiosis. Use of M. Sativa plants transformed to over- or under-express a class 1 hemoglobin gene pointed to an influence of Hb1 on the expression two marker plant genes of the symbiosis
Ould, Ali Naïma. "Étude du contrôle du catabolisme de l'arginine et de l'acétoïne par le facteur sigma54 de Bacillus subtilis." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077135.
Повний текст джерелаBoudoukha, Selim. "Étude de la régulation post-transcriptionnelle de l'expression des gènes par la protéine de liaison à l'ARN IMP-2 au cours de la myogenèse." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00759640.
Повний текст джерелаBoudoukha, Selim. "Étude de la régulation post-transcriptionnelle de l’expression des gènes par la protéine de liaison à l’ARN IMP-2 au cours de la myogenèse." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA11T095/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe RNA-binding proteins IMPs (IGF-II mRNA binding protein) first discovered in rhabdomyosarcoma cells (RMS) are expressed during embryonic development but their expression is decreased in adult tissues.We showed that IMPs and particularly IMP-2 are strongly expressed in mouse myoblatsts, during early regeneration of skeletal muscle in vivo and in and RMS. IMP-2 loss of function experiments using siRNA have shown that IMP-2 is necessary for microtubules stability(MTs), cell motility and invasion of myoblasts and RMS.Expression of IMP-2 specifically increases MTs stability by an enrichment of detyrosinated tubulin Glu-tubulin. Detyrosination is indispensable for myogenic differentiation and plays substantial role in tumor growth. Additionaly, MTs stabilization play an important role in focal adhesion remodeling, in cytoskeleton integrity, cell adhesion and cell motility.To get new insight into molecular mechanism underlying the function of IMP-2 in MTs stability and cell motility, full ranscriptome analysis was performed between IMP-2 knockdown (KD) myoblasts and control myoblatsts. We have further shown that IMP-2 controls the mRNA levels of many important mediators of cell adhesion such as PINCH-2, as well as multiple cytoskeleton remodeling, such as MuRF-3.We have identified a number of functionally relevant protein partners of IMP-2.Moreover subsequent RNAi screens have revealed the importance of IMP-2 regulated transcripts involved in cell motility and cell adhesion In conclusion, we show that IMP-2 dependent regulation of mRNA such as MuRF3 and PINCH2 largely contributes to the motility –deficient in IMP-2 KD cells. Moreover these results indicate clearly, that further analysis of IMP2 protein partners and RNA targets regulated by IMP-2 will help to characterized the function of IMP-2 and to propose a model of IMP-2 transcriptional regulation of gene expression in myoblasts and RMS cells
Bossu, Jean-Pierre. "Régulation transcriptionnelle de l'expression du gène de l'apolipoprotéine A-II humaine par son premier intron et étude du facteur de transcription HNF-4 humain." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10143.
Повний текст джерелаBavoux, Clarisse. "La face cachée d'une ADN polymérase translésionnelle : effets mutagènes et cancérogènes d'une dérégulation de Polk : étude de la régulation transcriptionnelle de Polk et POLH." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30063.
Повний текст джерелаGenetic instability can confer selective advantage to the mutated cells. We report here that the overexpression of human DNA polymerase k, an error-prone enzyme that is over-regulated in lung cancers, not only correlates with LOH (loss of heterozygosity) in tumours, but also stimulates spontaneous mutagenesis, homologous recombination and aneuploidy in CHO cells. The excess of Polk favours the proliferation of tumour cells in immunodeficient mice. These data suggest that dysfunctionning of DNA replication might be related to cancer-associated genetic changes and phenotype. The hypothesis of an alteration of genomic replication by such an overexpression is currently proposed,. The cell might tightly regulate the expression of these error-prone DNA polymerases. We characterized the promoting regions of the DNA polymerases Pol kappa and Pol eta, in the aim to better understand the regulation of these genes. Our preliminary results suggest that chromatin structure modifications, such as methylation of DNA and acetylation state of histones, could take part in their transcriptionnal regulation. Their promoters contain repressive and activating regions
Deltour, Sophie. "Étude des mécanismes de repression transcriptionnelle utilisés par le produit du gène suppresseur de tumeur HIC1, un candidat pour le syndrome de Miller-Dieker." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-99.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAksouh, Leyla. "Étude de l'impact de la régulation post-transcriptionnelle sur l'expression de la kinase du point de contrôle de la morphogénèse HSL1 chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6262.
Повний текст джерелаTilloy, Anne. "Étude de l'expression du cytochrome P450 2a5 en culture primaire d'hépatocytes de souris : induction des protéines impliquées dans la régulation post-transcriptionnelle du cytochrome P450 2a5." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T094.
Повний текст джерелаBerthiaume, Maryse. "Étude du lien fonctionnel entre le suppresseur de tumeur BRCA1 et la machinerie transcriptionnelle à certains gènes en absence ou présence de stress oxydatif in vivo." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5095.
Повний текст джерелаChaouni, Ben Abdallah Loubna. "Le plasmide pLUG10 de résistance au cadmium chez Staphylococcus lugdunensis : clonage, séquençage du plasmide, étude de la résistance et de la régulation de son expression." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T076.
Повний текст джерелаBeinsteiner, Brice. "Origine et évolution des récepteurs nucléaires et étude structurale du premier stéroïdien, ERR." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ099.
Повний текст джерелаNuclear receptors (NRs) are transcription factors which bind to specific DNA sequences and activate gene transcription in response to the binding of specific ligands. Among all of the RNs involved in the etiology of cancers, ERR estrogen receptors play an important role in breast, ovarian, colon, endometrial and prostate cancers. This NR is said to be orphan because it does not have a natural ligand known to date. Using an integrative structural biology approach combining cryo-electron microscopy, bioinformatics and evolution, my PhD work focused on the structural study of ERR and the origin and evolution of RNs. In this context, three informatic tools have been developed. The results obtained allowed, on the one hand, the revision of fundamental knowledge on the origin of nuclear receptors and their evolution. On the other hand, structural study of ERR allow us to acquire new data on topology of steroid nuclear receptors fixed on an element of ERRE / ERE response as well as on the allosteric mechanism of the binding of the coactivator PGC-1α on the dimer of ERR. The resolution of the complex at the atomic scale by cryo-electron microscopy will open the way towards the design of new therapeutic molecules
Marguet, Didier. "Analyses structurale et fonctionnelle du gène SRP de Saccharomyces cerevisiae codant pour une protéine riche en résidu sérine : étude de sa régulation transcriptionnelle positive par le glucose." Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10036.
Повний текст джерелаPrudhomme, Julie. "Étude de la reprogrammation du chromosome X dans les cellules souches embryonnaires et extra-embryonnaires au cours du développement préimplantatoire murin." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066486.
Повний текст джерелаIn female Mammals, the transcriptional silencing of one of the two X chromosomes during early embryogenesis compensates the dosage disequilibrium of X-linked genes between sexes. Random X chromosome inactivation occurs in the inner cell mass of the blastocyst and is maintained through adult life in the soma. In some Eutherian species including mice, extraembryonic tissues (trophectoderm and primitive endoderm) exhibit imprinted inactivation of the paternal X. The inactive state of the Xp can be extensively studied ex vivo in Trophoblast Stem (TS) cells derived from the trophectoderm. We were able to select from the general cell population, TS cells exhibiting partial reactivation of the Xp or showing a complete switch of imprinted X-inactivation pattern. This reveals an accrued epigenetic plasticity of imprinted X-inactivation in the trophectoderm as compared to random X-inactivation in the soma.Random X-chromosome inactivation is recapitulated during the differentiation of female Embryonic Stem (ES) cells – which serves as cellular model. This process is triggered by the cis-accumulation of Xist long non coding RNA molecules which create a nuclear repressive domain around the future inactive X chromosome. Before differentiation, the accumulation of Xist is repressed by another lncRNA, Tsix, that is transcribed antisense to Xist. In order to address the functional dynamics of Xist and Tsix RNAs, we inserted different types of tag sequences in the endogenous Xist/Tsix locus. Incorporated in the sense or antisense RNA, these tags are specifically recognized by fluorescent molecules, thereby allowing live cell imaging of these transcripts