Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Ethnicité – Soudan"

The authors discuss Stuart Hall's lifelong critical engagement with Marxism - though his was a complex, subtle, agonistic, Marxism, where nothing is taken for granted. This engagement continued even as postcoloniality, ethnicity, race and identity steadily came to the centre of Hall's attention, constituting ways of thinking that in some ways represented a departure. Hall can be seen as a mediator, both within Marxism - for example structuralism versus culturalism - and between Marxism and other discourses, finding areas in common as well as difference, respecting aspects of a position without endorsing whole positions; and in so doing transforming the problem under consideration. He is also discussed as an organic intellectual, who - though with no assumption of a shared class or shared party - sought to create a collective self-consciousness, a coalition, that could offer an effective challenge to the state. The concept of conjuncture is an important part of these ideas. These aspects of Hall's work are discussed further in relation to racialisation and racism, where Hall is seen as committed to both analytic and practical observation, and to humanism as well as Marxism: the people at the centre of the analysis are agents not categories. Hall was not aiming to bring things to a rounded, validity-seeking coherence, but to always leave some strands open: his thinking is constitutively open. At the same time his underlying, very simple, message is that, in some way or another, the many issues we face are all connected, and we should never give up the integrative pluralism of political thinking. The great danger is fragmented pluralism, where the politics of difference, wherever the differences are, leads to political de-alignment rather than coalitional unity.

Cette thèse analyse l’histoire longue de la marginalisation économique et politique de l’Est du Soudan et la formation des classes sociales dans la région. Elle s’appuie sur un travail de terrain ethnographique mené dans l’Est du Soudan de 2017 à 2021 et faisant appel à des techniques et méthodes qualitatives (entretiens, observations, focus group discussion). Des sources locales écrites et des documents d’archives ont également été utilisés. Du point de vue théorique, en mobilisant des perspectives marxistes et postcoloniales, la thèse aborde la notion foucaultienne de « gouvernementalité » pour comprendre comment l’Indirect Rule coloniale a servit à catégoriser les populations autochtones à travers des identités religieuses et ethniques, en construisant des idéologies et des pratiques qui ont conditionné les dynamiques socioculturelles locales. La thèse soutient que sous la British Native Administration, « définir » signifiait « donner du pouvoir », et dans cette perspective, elle se concentre sur les processus de « formation des classes sociales » comme une clé de lecture majeure des configurations sociales contemporaines dans l’Est du Soudan. La thèse montre également comment les régimes post-indépendance ont sapé les formations socio-économiques et politiques coloniales afin de créer de nouvelles loyautés, alimentant de nouvelles contradictions et de nouveaux conflits entre les groupes locaux. Ce faisant, ils ont confirmé les principes de la politique coloniale en matière de religion et d’ethnicité et ont accru les conflits dans la région. À travers une approche historique, la thèse vise à questionner les racines d’une marginalisation de longue date de l’Est du Soudan, éclairant également les processus de troubles et d’instabilité dans la région, qui ont émergé depuis 2019, dans la période qui a suivi la Révolution de Décembre
This thesis analyses the long history of economic and political marginalization of Eastern Sudan and class formation in the region. The work is based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Eastern Sudan from 2017 to 2021, by using qualitative techniques and methods (interviews, observations, focus group discussion). Written local sources and archival documents have also been used. From the theoretical point of view, employing Marxist and Postcolonial perspectives, the thesis tackles Foucault’s notion of “governmentality” to understand how the colonial Indirect Rule categorized native populations across religious and ethnic identities, building ideologies and practices which conditioned local socio-cultural dynamics. The thesis argues that under British Native Administration to “define” was to “empower”, and from this perspective it focuses on processes of “class formation” as a major reading key of contemporary social configurations in Eastern Sudan. The thesis also shows how the post-independence regimes undermined the colonial socio-economic and political formations in order to build new loyalties, fuelling new contradictions and conflicts among local groups. In doing so, they confirmed principles of colonial policy of religion and ethnicity and increased conflict in the region. Through an historical approach, the thesis aims to question the roots of a longstanding marginalization of Eastern Sudan, also shedding light on processes of unrest and instability in the region, that emerged since 2019 in the period that followed December Revolution

Andean Truths: Transitional Justice, Ethnicity, and Cultural Production in Post-Shining Path Peru studies how literature, drama, film, and the visual arts contest the dominant narrative of national peace and reconciliation, as constructed by Peru’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Established in 2001, the Commission aimed to ‘investigate and make public the truth’ of the country’s twenty-year civil war, drawing upon homologous predecessors that provided a highly scripted model of truth-gathering and national healing. In this model, a predetermined collective mourning, catharsis, and reconciliation would move the nation forward in a consensually-determined fashion. Andean Truths shows that the Peruvian case proves internationally-endorsed models insufficient for arriving at the ‘truth’ of a national trauma that primarily affected disenfranchised ethnic groups, namely, the Andean Quechua speaking populations that accounted for the overwhelming majority of victims of the violence. Even as scholars recognize the importance of bringing multiple voices to the table in discussing post-Shining Path Peru, the question remains of what a more Andean-oriented transitional justice process might entail. Drawing on theories of decoloniality, intercultural communication and epistemological diversity (following scholars such as Enrique Dussel, Aníbal Quijano and Boaventura de Sousa Santos), this book analyzes cultural products, from the theater of Yuyachkani to the narrative of Oscar Colchado Lucio, the art of Edilberto Jiménez, and other popular artistic responses, that highlight Andean understandings of the conflict and its aftermath. These cultural products challenge dominant understandings of the conflict and question Peru’s ability to overcome its collective trauma without seriously reconsidering prevailing cultural paradigms.

Chapter 5 considers how race and ethnicity influence food charity in the UK. It describes manifestations of race and racism in US community food movements, drawing upon the commentaries of American social scientists Julie Guthman and Rebecca de Souza, and considers systemic ethnic and racial inequalities in socio-economic status and in food security in the UK. It argues that, in the light of socio-economic inequalities between ethnic groups, black and minority ethnic individuals might be expected to be over-represented among those seeking emergency food aid in the UK, compared to white people. Informed by primary research in Bradford and York, the chapter in fact reveals an under-representation of black and minority ethnic individuals in some forms of food aid. In considering the reasons for this under-representation, it describes the performative power of ‘whiteness’ in some food charities and the, associated, stigmatisation of ethnic minorities and poor whites.