Дисертації з теми "Ethnic composition of population"
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1
Lowe, Emily. "Ethnic Minority Youths’ Psychosocial Adjustment in School: Exploring the Ethnic Composition." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-23388.
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2
Haugh, Timothy D. "Losing the population : the impact of coalition policy and tactics on the population and the Iraqi insurgency /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Sep%5FHaugh.pdf.
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3
Terry, Peter Brian. "Perinatal mortality and birthweight in a multiracial population." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/30824.
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4
Marino, Carmen Dolores. "Sex and ethnic differences in mathematics in a well integrated population /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1988. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9225968.
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5
Storkey, Marian Elaine. "Population projections of different ethnic groups in London, 1991 to 2011." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246691.
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6
Willis, James. "Right ventricular assessment using ultrasound in a healthy, multi-ethnic population." Thesis, University of Bath, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619236.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Current published reference values for right ventricular (RV) echocardiographic assessment do not adequately account for the reported changes in size and function that can occur due to gender, age and body size. In addition, the potential effects on RV dimensions of ethnic variation within healthy volunteers are relatively unknown. The aim of this study was to better understand the potential differences in RV size that may result from gender, body size, ethnicity or age in a healthy volunteer group. 255 healthy volunteers (mean age 41+11 years 53% male) from five ethnic groups (Indian, Chinese, Malay, European, Afro-Caribbean) were recruited. Assessment of RV size was conducted using 2D calliper measurements, 3D volume, ejection fraction (EF) and RV deformation characteristics (peak systolic strain (PSS) and strain rate (PSSR)). Intraobserver, interobserver and test-retest scenarios were performed to assess measurement variability and reliability. Regression analysis identified gender, age, body size and ethnicity as significant coefficients of 2D RV size and 3D volume. European and Afro-Caribbean 2D and 3D measurements were on average larger than the remaining ethnic groups whilst males exceeded females. Allometric scaling of the raw 2D data to body surface area (BSA) resulted in gender and body size independent measurements whilst measurements between ethnic groups displayed varying significance on both RV size and volume. Increasing age resulted in a number of significant interactions with size and volume. Gender differences were apparent for both 3D ejection fraction (EF) and strain measurements. Females displayed both higher 3D EF and PSS using an RV freewall approach. The reproducibility of the RV measurements varied depending on the method used and the scenario undertaken. Gender, age and body size are important determinants of 2D linear deformation, and 3D acquired RV measurements. These results highlight the need for 4 appropriate allometric scaling of RV measurements to BSA, whilst highlighting the importance of documenting ethnicity.
7
Ballard, David. "Characterization and differentiation of three British population groups." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2013. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8529.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The British population is made up of three main ethnic groups: Caucasian, Afro- Caribbean and South Asian. The history of Britain is littered with a series of invasion and colonisation events, potentially resulting in a variety of different genetic influences shaping the native population. More recent immigration trends have lead to over 11 million people within the UK describing themselves as belonging to an ethnic minority. The aim of this research is therefore to characterise these three population groups for a series of genetic markers, in the process gaining an insight into the genetics and origins of the individuals within these groups and ultimately developing a robust population-of-origin classification system for a DNA sample of unknown origin. To this end, three distinct areas of the genome were investigated. This comprised the development of a suite of PCR multiplex reactions to analyse 11 Y chromosome short tandem repeat (STR) markers, sequencing of the maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA, and analysis of a number of autosomal Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) known to show population specific allele distributions. The results from these studies led to the development of simple (Y chromosome and mitochondria) or complex (SNPs) classification systems enabling unknown DNA samples to be categorised into one of these 3 ethnic groups with a high degree of certainty: the YSTR population-of-origin classification algorithm had a success rate of 80%, the mitochondrial version a 90% success rate while correct prediction was achieved over 94% of the time with the autosomal SNPs.
8
Ryabov, Igor. "SCHOOL RACIAL AND ETHNIC COMPOSITION EFFECT ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF LATINO ADOLESCENTS." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1124561780.
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9
Rouch, Elisenda Laborda. "Collagen Composition in different ethnic groups and changes in pelvic floor dysfunction." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494384.
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10
Prasad`, Pritha. "Teaching Within and Against: Rhetoric and Composition After Ferguson." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1560030915886502.
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11
Nylander, Per-Olof. "Ethnic heterogeneity of the North-Swedish population : its origin and medical consequences." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Medicinsk och klinisk genetik, 1992. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-102561.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Northern Sweden shows a unique population structure with remarkable geographical variations in the distribution of genetic disorders as well as genetic markers like blood groups, serum groups and red cell enzyme types. The present-day population of northern Sweden is a mixture of people of Finnish, Saamish (Lappish) and Central-Swedish origin. In this thesis the ethnic heterogeneity of the North-Swedish population (counties of Västerbotten and Norrbotten) was studied using genetic blood markers, and the epidemiological impact of the ethnic heterogeneity was exemplified by studying the geographical correlation between Finnish admixture and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The following results were found: 1 Two new ethnic marker genes were discovered: the GC*1F allele (GC serum groups) for Saamish influence and the TF*C3 allele (transferrin serum groups) for Finnish influence. 2 Regional gene frequency variations in the A1A2B0 blood groups, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) types and transferrin and GC serum groups were studied in a sample of 4100-5600 individuals from northern Sweden distributed according to birth place into 23 subpopulations. A significant regional heterogeneity was found in all systems. The ethnic marker genes (AB0*A2, GC*1F, TF*C3, PGD*C) showed clineal variations consistent with the expected patterns of Finnish and Saamish admixture. 3 Finnish and Saamish admixture was estimated in the 23 subpopulations using AB0*A2, GC*1F and PGD*C as Saamish markers and TF*C3, TF*DCHI, TF*B0-1 and SODI*2 as Finnish markers. The Saamish admixture varied between 0 and 34% and was strongest in the northern and northwestern parts of northern Sweden. The Finnish influence varied between 0 and 84% and was strongest in the northern and northeastern parts of the area. The ethnic marker genes showed significant geographical intercorrelations. 4 Hypercholesterolemia showed a significant heterogeneity between the 23 subpopulations, and there was a significant geographical covariation with the degree of Finnish admixture. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that Finnish genetic influence may contribute to the development of hypercholesterolemia and thereby to the increased rate of cardiovascular diseases found in northern Sweden. The results of this study suggest that in addition to the founder effect ethnic heterogeneity is an important determinant of the structure of the North-Swedish population.Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1992, härtill 7 uppsatser.
digitalisering@umu.se
12
Leete, Richard. "Fertility transition in Malaysia : an analysis by State and ethnic group." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261756.
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13
Kagawa, Masaharu. "Ethnic and cultural influences on body composition, lifestyle and body image among males." Curtin University of Technology, School of Public Health, 2004. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=16083.
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The aim of this research was to determine ethnic and cultural influences on body composition, lifestyle, and aspects of body image (perception, acceptability, and satisfaction) of younger (age 18-40 years) Australian and Japanese males, the latter including groups living in Australia and Japan. The sample sizes of the three groups were 68 Japanese living in Australia, 84 Japanese living in Japan, and 72 Australian Caucasian males respectively. The methodology included body composition assessments (by anthropometry and DXA), lifestyle and body image questionnaires, and dietary records. The study found significant p<0.05) ethnic differences in the %BF at given BMI levels and for Japanese the BMI values of 23.6kg/m2 and 28.6kg/m2 were found to be equivalent to 25 and 30 for Caucasians when used to classify individuals as "overweight" and "obese". Equations in common use for the calculation of body composition in Japanese males were evaluated using modern methods of body composition assessment and found to need considerable modification. New regression equations that represent BMI-%BF relationships for Japanese and Australians were proposed: Japanese: Log %BF = -1.330 + 1.896(log BMI), (R2 = 0.547, SEE = 0.09); Australians: Log %BF = -1.522 + 2.001(log BMI), (R2 = 0.544, SEE = 0.10). Equations were also developed to predict %BF for Japanese and Australian males from body composition assessments using anthropometry and DXA: Japanese: %BF = 0.376 + 0.402(abdominal) + 0.772(medial calf) + 0.217(age), (R2 = 0.786, SEE = 2.69); Australians: %BF = 2.184 + 0.392(medial calf) + 0.678(supraspinale) + 0.467(triceps), (R2 = 0.864, SEE = 2.37). Lifestyle factors were found to influence perceptions of body image.Australian males participate in physical activity more frequently than their Japanese counterparts (Australians = 98.6% involved in vigorous activity at least once per week, Japanese living in Japan = 85.7%, Japanese living in Australia = 72.1%). Significant differences p<0.05) in energy contribution patterns were found between the Japanese group (Protein: 14.4%, Carbohydrate: 50.4%, Fat: 28.1%) and Japanese living in Australia (JA: Protein: 16.3%, Carbohydrate: 47.3%, Fat: 32.3%) and the Australians (Protein: 17.1%, Carbohydrate: 47.9%, Fat: 30.6%). This shows that the Japanese living in Australia have adopted a more westemised diet than those living in Japan. Body Image assessments were done on all study groups using the Somatomorphic Matrix (SM) computer program and questionnaires, including the Ben-Tovim Walker Body Attitudes Questionnaires, (BAQ) the Attention to the Body Shape Scale (ABS), and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT). Japanese males tended to overestimate their weight and amount of body fat, while Australian Caucasian males underestimated these parameters. The Japanese groups had higher scores on the selfdisparagement subscale and lower scores on the strengths and the attractiveness subscales of the BAQ questionnaire than Australian males. Australian males also had higher scores on the EAT total score and the dieting subscale of the EAT questionnaire than Japanese males. When all groups of subjects selected their perceived body image from the SM program menu, these results had no relationship with measured body composition values, suggesting that further development of this program is needed for use in these populations.
14
Keating, Mark Joseph. "Inside the ring, the ethnic and racial composition of the Edmonton boxing community." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0007/MQ34312.pdf.
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15
Blackledge, Hanna Maria. "Outcomes in heart failure : study of contemporary trends in a multi-ethnic population." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/8276.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Heart failure is a growing cause of morbidity in an ageing population. Despite increasing use of clinically proven therapies its overall prognosis remains poor, and our knowledge of outcomes in some patient groups is still very limited. Most of existing evidence is based on clinical trial populations, which often exclude ethnic minorities, women or sicker elderly patients. UK’s South Asian population has been shown to suffer from particularly high rates of cardiovascular disease but data on their clinical outcomes have been lacking. This study aimed to evaluate heart failure outcomes in an unselected population and to test a hypothesis of poorer prognosis among South Asians. Using population-based historical cohort design, this thesis evaluates the longterm survival in a large unselected cohort of 5,789 patients with an initial heart failure admission between 1998 and 2001, on a background of the overall trends in heart failure hospitalisation and fatality between 1993 and 2001. The relative risks linked to main patient groups are estimated using logistic regression and survival modelling and a prognostic model is proposed. The results show a plateau in the rates of hospitalisation in the late 1990s. Despite a 50% improvement in survival between 1993 and 2001, outcomes remain poor with a 40% one year fatality. South Asian patients tend to be younger at first admission (by 8 years) and with higher rates of comorbidity, however, their survival appears to be similar to other groups. The developed models indicate high prognostic value of concomitant conditions, such as stroke and renal failure, but only a moderate effect of diabetes. This is the first large study to describe heart failure outcomes in a multi-ethnic contemporary population with an almost complete follow-up of patients. On a background of higher cardiovascular risk, younger age at first admission and higher rate of hospitalisation among South Asians, their clinical outcomes appear to be similar to white patients. Despite the clear limitations inherent in routine data sources, this study shows clear benefits in developing routine risk assessment models for public health research and health care evaluation.
16
Peloe, Andrew Alexander. "The spatial dynamics of Britain's ethnic communities : population change and migration in London." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369703.
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17
Mostafa, Samiul Adim. "Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Glucose Regulation in a multi-ethnic population." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31395.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is increasing rapidly, therefore there is a need to detect this disease earlier and more efficiently, and also to identify novel risk factors that may aid both its detection and prevention. Aims: 1) To discuss the benefits and disadvantages of using HbA1c for diagnosis of T2DM and impaired glucose regulation (IGR). 2) To explore the impact on prevalence of using HbA1c to detect T2DM and IGR in global and local populations. 3) To determine if diagnostic cut-points are equivalent in different ethnic groups 4) To determine the use of the triglyceride-to-HDL ratio and its association with insulin resistance and whether statins and liver enzymes predict T2DM. 5) To investigate if Vitamin D deficiency has a role in the prevention of T2DM by designing a 6 month randomised controlled trial on vitamin D replacement. Key findings: 1) Using HbA1c for diagnosis has some logistical advantages over glucose testing, but may not detect the same people as having T2DM or IGR. 2) In Leicestershire, using HbA1c will increase numbers of people with T2DM and IGR. On global level, there will be regional variation on the effect on prevalence. 3) HbA1c, fasting and two hour plasma glucose are independently higher in South Asians (SA). Complications of T2DM may begin earlier in SA. 4) The triglyceride-to-HDL ratio associates with insulin resistance in Europeans and SA men but not women. Statin therapy reduces the risk of incident T2DM. Liver enzymes predict T2DM in Europeans but not SA. 5) Vitamin D deficiency may form a target for reducing insulin resistance in SA – the final results of the VITALITY study in 2015 will contribute to evidence base in this area. Conclusions: In this thesis I have explored new ways of detecting T2DM and IGR by using HbA1c and what impact this may have; also novel risk factors for T2DM have been investigated that may help improve methods of both earlier detection and prevention of T2DM.
18
Keeratipongpaiboon, Thuttai. "Population ageing : changes in household composition and economic behaviour in Thailand." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2012. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/14570/.
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19
Franz, Wayne. "Multi-population PSO-GA hybrid techniques: integration, topologies, and parallel composition." Springer, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23842.
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Recent work in metaheuristic algorithms has shown that solution quality may be improved by composing algorithms with orthogonal characteristics. In this thesis, I study multi-population particle swarm optimization (MPSO) and genetic algorithm (GA) hybrid strategies. I begin by investigating the behaviour of MPSO with crossover, mutation, swapping, and all three, and show that the latter is able to solve the most difficult benchmark functions. Because GAs converge slowly and MPSO provides a large degree of parallelism, I also develop several parallel hybrid algorithms. A composite approach executes PSO and GAs simultaneously in different swarms, and shows advantages when arranged in a star topology, particularly with a central GA. A static scheme executes in series, with a GA performing the exploration followed by MPSO for exploitation. Finally, the last approach dynamically alternates between algorithms. Hybrid algorithms are well-suited for parallelization, but exhibit tradeoffs between performance and solution quality.
20
Carter, James R. "Ethnic Identity as a Predictor of Non-Medical Prescription Drug Misuse among a College Population." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron149149075569801.
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21
Williamson, Lee Emma Palmer. "Population projections for small areas and ethnic groups : developing strategies for the estimation of demographic rates." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2007. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.673858.
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22
Jacobs, Kahá:wi Joslyn. "Mental health issues in an urban Aboriginal population, focus on substance abuse." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0029/MQ64375.pdf.
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23
Tezic, Mustafa Can. "The Russian Population In The Kazakh Steppes." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608060/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis aims to understand the formation of the Russian identity in the Kazakh Steppes by examining the migration flows of Russians and the affects of state policies and pattern of inter-ethnic relations between the Russians and the Kazakhs during different historical periods. Constructionist theoryhas guided the analysis of the research. The Russian identity formation in the Kazakh Steppes is examined within the contextof three consequtive historical periods that correspond to fundamental social, political and administartive re-structuring. Firstis the period of the Russiam Empire, during which the resettlement policy of the Empire shattered the traditional social structures of the native Kazakhs and entailed extensive inter-ethnic contact between the Russians and the Kazakhs. Second period corresponds to the period of the Soviet Union, which experianced the intensification of Russian settelments in the Kazakh Steppes. The soviet policy, while encouraging Russianness as a component of soviet identity, atthe same time, granted autonomy todiverse ethnic entites. The third period, which correspondes to the current era starting with the disintegration of the Soviet Union, witnessed the emergance of Kazakh State. A large portion of the Russian population in the Kazakh Steppes remained in the independent republic of Kazakhstan and face a new challenges in tearms of identity formation due to the Kazakh nation building policies.
24
Pierce, Benjamin. "The Intersection of School Ethnic Composition and Structure: Predicting Social and Academic Outcomes Among Latino Students." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4964.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Latino students are at risk for poor social and academic outcomes in American schools, yet contextual models for understanding this risk have been elusive. Considerable research has attempted to understand the relation between the ethnic composition of schools and outcomes for Latino students, with inconsistent findings. It was hypothesized that school ethnic composition would be differentially related to outcomes in this population of students, depending on other school contextual factors. Using secondary data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), the present study examined individual and school-level moderators of the slopes of same-ethnicity representation (i.e., the percentage of same-ethnicity peers) and ethnic diversity predicting feelings of school belonging and the odds of high school completion among Latino youths. The results illustrate moderation of the slopes of ethnic composition variable depending on the socioeconomic status (SES) of schools as well as the extent of academic tracking. In low SES schools, same-ethnicity representation was positively related to both outcomes (belonging and completion) when academic tracking was low. In high SES schools, the slope of same-ethnicity representation predicting the odds of high school completion was negative under conditions of low ethnic diversity. Diversity was itself positively associated with high school completion across contexts, yet this relation was moderated by SES at the student level. Specifically, the association between diversity and completion diminished as student SES decreased, relative to the mean SES of students in a school. Altogether, the results suggest that conditions associated with reduced inequality among students, namely low systemic strain (higher SES) and low academic tracking, are related to more positive associations between both same-ethnicity representation and diversity, and social and academic outcomes for Latino students. Future research is advised to consider the intersection of school ethnic composition with other aspects of the school context as well as with characteristics of individual students.
25
Elek, Jennifer K. "Racial Interactions: A Demographic Perspective on Juror Biases in Deliberations." W&M ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626504.
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26
Ritchie, Stephen Robert. "Staphylococcus aureus population genetics and immune responses: correlation with ethnic variation in the incidence of bacteraemia." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/6104.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus [SA] is a common cause of disease in New Zealand, in particular the incidence of SA bacteraemia [SAB] is high. SAB is more common in M��ori and Pacific people than people of other ethnicities, but the reasons for this discrepancy are not known. Aim: This thesis investigated a range of reasons for ethnic variation in the incidence of SA infections in Auckland. In particular, the genetic structure of SA populations in Auckland, Samoa, Fiji and Tonga were determined and the adaptive immune responses to SA toxins were determined. Materials and Methods: 150 cases of SAB were interviewed and provided serum samples for analysis. 424 healthy population members were interviewed and cultures were performed of nasal swab specimens. Multi-locus sequence typing was performed on SA isolates from 150 cases of SAB in Auckland, 94 healthy nasal carriers in Auckland, 96 people with skin and soft tissue infection in Samoa, 109 people with predominantly skin and soft tissue infection in Fiji and 18 people with a variety of diseases in Tonga. Radioimmunoassay was used to measure antibody concentrations against toxic shock syndrome toxin [TSST-1] and four staphylococcal superantigen-like proteins [SSL] in acute and convalescent sera from 148 cases of SAB and sera from 21 healthy population members. Results: The incidence of SAB was higher in M��ori and Pacific people, but was not caused by a higher prevalence of nasal colonisation or infection with different, more virulent strains of SA. The SA populations in Auckland, Samoa and Fiji were not substantially different; furthermore, the SA populations in the Pacific were not substantially different to SA populations in other parts of the world. Indicators of socioeconomic deprivation were more common in cases of SAB, but M��ori and Pacific cases of SAB reported similar access to healthcare as cases of other ethnicities. Sera from M��ori and Pacific SAB cases had lower concentrations of neutralising antibody against TSST-1 and SSL9 compared with sera from SAB cases of other ethnicities. Conclusion: Ethnic variation in the incidence of SAB is multi-factorial; socioeconomic deprivation, increased rates of illness requiring invasive medical devices and adaptive immune responses all contribute.
27
Noble, Douglas James. "Predicting the epidemic : a study of diabetes risk profiling in a multi-ethnic inner city population." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2012. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/2960.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Type 2 diabetes has increased in prevalence globally in recent years, mainly due to obesity. Many other risk factors are well known. Identifying those at high risk of type 2 diabetes may guide targeted interventions aimed at reducing risk. Type 2 diabetes risk prediction is a complex science. The first half of this thesis presents a quantitative and qualitative systematic review of 145 risk prediction models and scores. Many are available; few are usable in real life clinical practice. Seven have high potential to be used with routine data (such as electronic primary care records). The second half of this thesis describes the use of one of the risk prediction scores locally, the QDScore, on a dataset of 519,288 electronic primary care records in East London, UK to calculate the ten year risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Ten percent of the population were at high risk (defined as a ten year risk of greater than 20%). Ethnicity and deprivation were key factors responsible for increasing risk, and there was overlap with cardiovascular morbidity. A sub-section of these data were mapped to explore the feasibility of using geospatial mapping to convey the risk of non-communicable disease in a public health setting. Previous research has focussed on targeting individuals with pre-diabetes (e.g. Impaired Fasting Glucose) and screening for undiagnosed diabetes. Going a step further back and identifying those at risk of type 2 diabetes is theoretically possible due to the wide availability of prediction algorithms, and such an approach is potentially achievable locally using electronic primary care records. This produces important descriptive data 3 to aid the interventions of general practitioners, public health specialists and urban planners. Future research should focus on interventions which reduce risk of type 2 diabetes in otherwise healthy adults.
28
Bingham, Daniel D. "The measurement, levels, and correlates of physical activity in a bi-ethnic population of young children." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/25463.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: The first five years of life, called the early years is a period of rapid and vital physical, behavioural, emotional and social development. Physical activity (PA) is one of the behaviours which develop during the early years, and high levels of PA during the early years have been shown to be related to multiple health outcomes. The importance of PA of young children (children during the early years) has been highlighted by a number of national governments. In order to better inform future interventions and public health policies, a greater understanding of the correlates and determinants of young children s PA is vital. Previous research has been limited through measurement inconsistencies, and few studies have been conducted within multi-ethnic communities, where many young children in the United Kingdom are born. Thesis Aims: 1) to systematically review published research in order to establish currently known correlates and determinants of PA in the early years and identify gaps within the literature. 2) Calculate an accelerometer wear-time criteria to reliably measure young children s habitual PA. 3) Investigate the validity and test re-test reliability of a new parental proxy reported PA questionnaire. 4) Investigate the levels and correlates of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) in toddlers (1-3 year olds) from a predominately bi-ethnic and bi-linguistic population. Methods: Aim 1) nine electronic databases were searched to identify previous research which investigated associations between an exposure/variable, and a quantitative measure of PA. Correlates/determinants of total PA (TPA), MVPA and light-intensity PA (LPA) were reported using an ecologic model. Aim 2) to calculate a wear-time criteria for young children a simple stepped process was used whereby statistical tests were run to determine the minimum length of wear for one day, if there were any differences between weekdays and weekend days, and the presence of reactivity. Intra-class correlation models and the Spearman-Brown prophecy formula were used to calculate wear-time reliability. Aim 3) this study was undertaken by 196 parents completing a proxy report questionnaire on their child s PA and sedentary behaviour after seven days of their young child (mean age 3.2 ,SD: 0.8 years) wearing an accelerometer. A total of 156 (79.6%) questionnaires were completed in English and 40 (20.4%) were completed in transliterated Urdu. Of the 196 parents, 109 parents completed the EY-PAQ a second time seven days apart from the first EY-PAQ completion; this was to assess test re-test reliability of MVPA and sedentary time. Validity analysis used all data and data falling with specific proportion boundaries for MVPA (2%-41%) and sedentary time (30%-94%). Reliability was assessed using intra-class correlations (ICC) and validity by Bland Altman plots and rank correlation coefficients. Aim 4) this study was undertaken by conducting a cross-sectional analysis using 24 month olds and their mothers data collected as part of the Born in Bradford (BiB) birth cohort sub-sample study called BiB1000. The outcome variable was daily minutes of MVPA measured by the EY-PAQ. Numerous independent variables covering the layers of an ecological model were selected. Univariate linear regression models accounting for sex, age, language and season were conducted to examine the differences between White British and South Asian children s daily minutes of MVPA and each of the EY-PAQ s domains, and the proportion of time spent in MVPA within each of the EY-PAQ s domains. A series of univariate linear regression analyses were performed to examine and identify correlates of MVPA (for the whole sample, and separately for White British and South Asian children). Significant variables found in univariate analyses were then included in hierarchical multivariable regression models (based upon the ecological model), in order to examine the percentage of variance accounted for in daily minutes of MVPA. Results: Aim 1) The systematic review identified a large volume of published research. All studies took place in high income countries and few studies (6%) were of high quality. A small number of correlates and determinants of TPA were identified. The only correlate of MVPA was sex and no determinants of MVPA or LPA were found. PA correlates/ determinants were relatively consistent between objective and subjective PA measures and few studies investigated correlates of toddlers or between children with White and South Asian ethnicity. Aim 2) No differences in accelerometer-determined time in TPA, MVPA or sedentary time were observed between weekdays and weekend days within this sample of young children. Similarly, there was no evidence of reactivity to accelerometer use. For young children living in Bradford, an accelerometer wear-time of a minimum of six hours on any three days was shown to provide reliable estimates of accelerometer-determined time in TPA, MVPA, and sedentary time. Aim 3) The test re-test reliability of the EY-PAQ was moderate for sedentary time and fair for MVPA. The EY-PAQ had poor agreement with accelerometry with both sedentary time and MVPA before the application of boundaries. Post application of boundaries the EY-PAQ still had poor agreement with accelerometer-determined sedentary time but good agreement for MVPA. Limits of agreement were wide for all variables and language and ethnicity did not confound results. Aim 4) Bradford toddlers were found to be very active and no difference was observed between proxy-reported time spent in MVPA between White British and South Asian children. However, White British toddlers were found to have spent significantly more time in reported MVPA while walking for transport compared to South Asian toddlers; while South Asian toddlers reportedly spent significantly more time of MVPA in the home compared to White British toddlers. Correlate models were only statistically significant when multi-layers of the ecological model were included; and correlates differed for South Asian and White British children. Conclusions: There is a need for more high-quality studies exploring correlates/determinants across all layers of the ecologic model, and research investigating MVPA correlates/determinants of toddlers and between ethnicities is sparse. The work reported within this thesis has produced a reliable wear-time criterion for use to estimate accelerometer-determined PA and sedentary time in young children living in a bi-ethnic community. This criterion can now be used in future accelerometer studies (validation, observational and intervention) and the stepped-process offers researchers a method to derive sample-specific wear time criteria. The EY-PAQ is a promising habitual population-level measure of young children s MVPA from a bi-ethnic community. In situations when objective methods are not possible for measurement of young children s MVPA, the EY-PAQ may be a suitable alternative. Levels of toddlers MVPA did not differ by ethnicity but the contexts and correlates did. Therefore, future interventions should seek to maintain and maximise high levels of toddlers MVPA and tailor interventions by ethnicity. The research conducted within this thesis will inform the development of surveillance systems, interventions and public health polices to improve young children s PA levels, particularly children living in a bi-ethnic community.
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Hemmings, Yvonne R. "Depression and physical activity in a U.K. mixed-ethnic population of children and adolescents with obesity." Thesis, University of London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542438.
Повний текст джерела
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Vitoroulis, Irene. "Bullying and Peer Victimization of Ethnic Majority and Minority Youth: Meta-Analyses and School Context." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32400.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study of ethnicity in bullying research has yielded inconsistent findings regarding the involvement and prevalence rates among ethnic majority and minority groups. On one hand, individual studies using ethnic group membership as a demographic variable indicate that ethnic minority groups are at times more or less likely to experience or perpetrate bullying compared to White students. On the other hand, contextual factors such as ethnic diversity have yielded more consistent findings showing that increased ethnic diversity is associated with lower bullying victimization among ethnic minority students.
The role of ethnicity in bullying and peer victimization was examined in this dissertation by investigating both individual and contextual variables. Studies 1 and 2 consisted of two meta-analyses that systematically addressed comparisons between ethnic majority (i.e., White) and minority students (i.e., Black, Asian, Hispanic) on bullying perpetration and peer victimization. Results indicated small and non-significant overall effect sizes; however, methodological moderators suggested that ethnic groups differ on bullying and peer victimization across countries, measurements, and age groups. Study 3 examined school ethnic composition and bullying involvement in a population-based, ethnically diverse Canadian sample. Results indicated that ethnic minority students experienced less bullying victimization in schools with a higher proportion of ethnic minority peers. School ethnic composition was not associated with bullying victimization for White students or bullying perpetration across both ethnic groups.
Taken together, these studies suggest that ethnicity as a demographic variable is not sufficient to account for differences in bullying involvement and that contextual variables are more adequate at explaining patterns of bullying across ethnic groups within the larger school and societal contexts.
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Lee, Sang Lim. "Racial and Ethnic Comparison of Migration Selectivity: Primary and Repeat Migration." DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/201.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purposes of this study are to examine migration disparities in primary, onward, and return migration by Hispanics, non-Hispanic black, and non-Hispanic white and to inspect the differences among the various types of migration. In addition, this study explores explanations of the migration disparities. These have been rarely studied because of a lack of proper migration data. This research employs the National Longitudinal Study of Youth (NLSY79) for a logistic regression of primary migration and for a hierarchical generalized linear model (HGLM) of the two types of repeat migration, namely onward and return. The results demonstrate that whites are more likely to make primary and onward migrations compared to blacks and Hispanics. But, with return migration, significant differences between whites and other minorities are not found. With respect to the contributors or explanations, this study indicates that the racial/ethnic migration disparities are not explained by socioeconomic status as opposed to explanations by human capital perspectives. The racial/ethnic disparities in migrations seem to be produced by discrimination and an unequal distribution of opportunities. Return migration presents several interesting different patterns compared with the other type migrations, including the effects of age and educational attainment. For return migration, old and less educated individuals have higher odds, showing reversed pattern of total, primary, and onward migration. The findings seem to indicate that different characteristics are involved in different types of migration.
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Leslie, Lisa M. "Putting differences in context incorporating the role of status and cooperation into work unit ethnic composition research /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7274.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.Thesis research directed by: Psychology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Arcidiacono, Steven. "Predicting Cardiovascular Fitness in Ethnic Minority Youth: A Comparison of Demographic, Body Composition, and Physical Activity Variables." Diss., NSUWorks, 2017. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_stuetd/112.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Prevalence of obesity, low physical activity, and poor physical fitness of youth in the United States are increasingly poor and in need of intervention to prevent later concerns like hypertension. The overall goal of this dissertation was to examine which factors weigh heaviest in predicting cardiovascular fitness in diverse youth, and how we might measure those factors by maximizing clinical utility and psychometric properties. The sample was gathered from a larger study examining physical activity in youth from Miami-Dade county enrolled in out-of-school programs. Participants (N = 58) were aged 6-17 and comprised exclusively of Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Black children and adolescents, the majority of whom were from low-income families. Predictors of fitness were gathered in three primary categories: demographic variables (age, gender, race/ethnic category, family income level), body composition (Body Mass Index [BMI] percentile, Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis [BIA]-measured body fat percentage), and habitual physical activity (accelerometer-measured counts per minute). These factors were entered in a hierarchical regression model to predict cardiorespiratory fitness measured by performance on a 20-meter shuttle run. Physical activity was not found to be significantly associated with fitness, and the effect size of this relationship was small, particularly when considering the impact of demographic and body composition variables. Overall, results reinforced the need for interventions to improve body composition and increase physical activity: the average participant was at the 81st percentile of BMI, had 26% body fat, was sedentary for approximately 84% of awake time, and only spent a few minutes per day engaging in vigorous physical activity. There were significant main effects of gender and race/ethnic category such that males and Non-Hispanic Black participants generally spent a greater proportion of time engaging in physical activity, with less sedentary time. Being female, younger, and having less body fat was associated with performance in the healthy fitness range when considering the impact of other variables, even though boys and older participants had more laps on the shuttle run. Findings presented in this dissertation indicate a continued need to develop technology with high utility, validity, and reliability to measure and improve indicators of health in diverse, low-income youth.
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Breithaupt, Peter G. "Validation of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Composition Assessment Methodologies in the Obese Pediatric Population." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20363.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rates of obesity (OB) are escalating among Canadian children and youth and the obesogenic environment is likely to cause further increases. An important aspect in providing clinical care to OB children is to have accurate assessment measures, particularly of their body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness. This project entails three interrelated projects aiming to develop novel cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition measurement techniques for an OB pediatric population. The purpose of the first project was to validate a new submaximal fitness protocol specifically geared towards OB children and youth. The second objective of this thesis involved assessing cardiorespiratory efficiency utilizing the Oxygen Uptake efficiency slope. The purpose of the third project was to determine the validity of a half-body scan methodology for measuring body composition in obese children and youth. The goal of developing these novel measurement techniques is improved design and evaluation of interventions aimed at managing pediatric obesity.
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Branstad, Kathryn Elizabeth. "Development of a Body Figure Scale and Assessment of Overweight in a Multi-Ethnic Pre-Adolescent Population." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34027.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Overweight and obesity have been increasing dramatically in the United States. Certain ethnic and sociodemographic subsets of the population, including Latino children, tend to suffer proportionally higher rates of overweight.
The first body figure scale was published in 1983 by Stunkard, Sørensen, and Schulsinger, researchers delineating the influence of genetics. Body figure scales consist of a series of similar figures, ranging in appearance from emaciated to obese. Respondents circle the figure that resembles the person or ideal of interest.
Currently no figure scale targets multi-ethnic or minority pre-adolescent populations. This study sought to discern the favored design parameters, including format and stance, for the creation of an evidence-based body figure scale for use with mixed populations of youth.
Eighty-nine fourth and fifth-grade students from four ethnically diverse elementary schools in northern Virginia were surveyed using novel and standard body figure scales, and assessed for anthropometric measures. Approximately 37% of subjects were at-risk of overweight or overweight; levels varied between and within ethnic groups. Subjects identified best with photographic format scales with figures shown in a three-quarters stance with their arms at their sides. The choice of a "self" figure on both the novel and Collins (1991) figure scales was related to BMI-for-age percentile and body image. The novel scale allowed differentiation of mean self-identified figure choices between ethnic groups.
There is hope that body figure scales will one day provide rapid, inexpensive assessment of overweight and obesity.Master of Science
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Wen, Jewel Ji Yang. "Adult NZ Chinese comparative study of body composition measured by DEXA." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/385.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Body fat, regional body fat and bone mineral mass, are linked to health conditions such as obesity and osteoporosis. The ethnic comparison of body composition may help to explain and understand the difference of health outcomes and health status in different ethnic groups. NZ Chinese is the largest Asian group in New Zealand, however, knowledge about health risks and body composition for NZ Chinese is very limited. Therefore, the aims of this thesis were: 1) To compare the relationships between body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat (%BF) of European (M29, F37), Maori (M23, F23), Pacific people (M15, F23), and Asian Indian (M29, F25) (existing data) with NZ Chinese aged 30-39 years; 2) To compare fat distribution, appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ApSM), bone mineral density (BMD) and limb bone lengths across these five ethnic groups. A convenience sample of healthy NZ Chinese (M20, F23) was selected by BMI to cover a wide range of body fatness. Total and regional body fat, fat free mass (FFM) and bone mineral content were measured by whole-body Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The main study findings were: • For a fixed BMI, NZ Chinese had a higher %BF than European and less %BF than Asian Indian. At a %BF equivalent to a BMI of 30 kg.m-2 in Europeans (WHO threshold for obesity), BMI values for Asian Indian and NZ Chinese women were 5.8 and 2.2 BMI units lower than European, respectively, and for Asian Indian and NZ Chinese men, 8.2 and 3.0 BMI units lower. • Abdominal-to-thigh fat ratio of NZ Chinese was significantly higher than that of European (P<0.001) and similar to that of Asian Indian. NZ Chinese had a significantly higher central-to-appendicular fat ratio than both Asian Indian and European (P<0.001). NZ Chinese was centrally fatter than European and Asian Indian. • For the same height and weight, NZ Chinese had significantly less FFM (-2.1 kg, P=0.039) and ApSM (-1.4kg, P=0.007) than European. NZ Chinese had significantly more FFM (+3.2 kg, P=0.001) than Asian Indian and similar ApSM to Asian Indian. • For the same weight, NZ Chinese had a similar BMD as European for female and male. NZ Chinese male had a higher BMD (+0.07 g.cm-2, P= 0.001) than Asian Indian male. • Among the five ethnic groups, NZ Chinese had the shortest leg (-1.5cm, P=0.016) and arm bone lengths (-2.3cm, P=0.001) (measured by DEXA) for the same DEXA height. Therefore, the relationship between percent body fat and BMI for Asian Indian and NZ Chinese differs from Europeans and from each other, which indicates that different BMI thresholds for obesity may be required for these Asian ethnic groups. Given the relatively high percentage body fat, low appendicular skeletal muscle mass and high central fat to appendicular fat ratio of NZ Chinese aged 30-39 years demonstrated in this study, promotion of healthy eating and physical activity is needed to be tailored for NZ Chinese. The NZ Chinese community should be advised to keep fit, prevent limited movements in older age, and to prevent obesity and obesity-related diseases.
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Sabater, Albert Coll. "Estimation of ethnic groups in sub-national areas for analysis of population change, England and Wales 1991 - 2001." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2007. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.673859.
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Molnár, Peter. "Elemental composition of fine particles : exposure in the general population and influence from different sources /." Göteborg : Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Institute of Medicine, Dept. of Public Health and Community Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/3124.
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Stein, Jennifer. "Juvenile Scleractinian Coral Density, Composition, and Influence on the Adult Coral Population in Southeast Florida." NSUWorks, 2012. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/173.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study was to collect baseline data of juvenile scleractinian coral density, spatial variability, size variability, and species composition across the linear shore parallel hard bottom coral communities offshore Broward County, Florida. Adult coral population data was also collected and compared with that of the juvenile coral population to better understand the local coral demographics and potential factors that influence the population structure. The juvenile and adult coral data from the Broward County coral communities was then compared to a second study region 50 kilometers south to identify latitudinal changes in the coral population structure.
The results of this study found that the densities and the list of coral species observed within the Broward County study region did fall within the range of densities found in other studies completed along the southern portion of the Florida Reef Tract and the Caribbean. Despite having similar species richness to other Caribbean studies, there was an overwhelming dominance of only a few species. This was also found in the adult coral population in the Broward study region.
The densities of both the juvenile and adult coral populations were significantly positively correlated as well as their number of species observed across the sites in the Broward County study region. Additionally, the highly dominant species found in the juvenile population were in the adult population.
Despite increasing coral density and diversity with decreasing latitude found in other studies conducted along the Florida Reef Tract, the results from this study were not as clear. Density of corals and the number of coral species did increase from north to south on the Outer reef however there was a significant decrease in the depth of the sample sites. On the Pavement habitat the density of juvenile corals increased from north to south however the number of coral species did not increase. The density and number of species of adult corals did not increase on the Pavement habitat with decreasing latitude as well making the results unclear.
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Lindh, Markus V. "Bacterioplankton population dynamics in a changing ocean." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-38712.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bacterioplankton is characterized by high diversity, short generation times and rapid turnover. Despite their small size, these numerous microorganisms are a fundamental piece of aquatic ecosystems by channeling carbon to higher trophic levels through dissolved organic matter utilization. Yet, several gaps remain in our knowledge and understanding of bacterioplankton populations regarding detailed temporal dynamics, and mechanisms determining biogeographical patterns and potential responses to climate change. The aim of this thesis was to examine responses in bacterioplankton community composition and function when challenged by natural and anthropogenically-induced change in environmental conditions. High temporal resolution analysis of bacterioplankton population dynamics in the Baltic Sea indicated detailed seasonal responses. It also showed a similar but wide spectrum of niche differentiation patterns within several major bacterial groups. Analysis of geographic distributions of marine bacterial populations revealed bimodal occupancy-frequency patterns in bacterial communities, indicating that the presence of many locally rare taxa along with a few locally abundant taxa were explained by stochastic variation in colonization and extinction rates. Experimental manipulations with natural marine bacterioplankton assemblages revealed both specialist and generalist strategies in utilizing specific dissolved organic carbon compounds. When subjected to experimentally increased sea surface temperatures, lowered pH and additions of terrigenous carbon, some populations decreased in relative abundance while others were stable; concomitantly, many populations increased in relative abundance. Shifts in bacterial community composition were shown to correlate with changes in community functioning, but detection of such correlations depended largely on the detail of phylogenetic analysis and successional stage of the communities. The results in this thesis suggest that both natural and anthropogenically-induced changes in environmental conditions promote simultaneous adjustment and replacement of bacterial populations tightly linked with metabolic plasticity. These trade-offs play a significant role for understanding the relationship between bacterioplankton population dynamics and potential shifts in carbon cycling properties. We also show the importance of regional effects in shaping bacterial community composition, crucial for interpreting bacterioplankton distribution patterns. In conclusion, this thesis emphasizes the critical importance of connecting analysis of bacterioplankton population dynamics with examination of ecological mechanisms to improve our understanding of factors that regulate the distribution and activity of distinct bacterioplankton populations.Hälften av all fotosyntes på vår planet utförs av växtplankton. De producerar organiskt material som utgör grunden för näringskedjan i havet. Ungefär hälften av det organiska material som produceras av växtplankton utnyttjas inte direkt, utan omsätts istället av bakterieplankton som lever och växer fritt i vattenmassan eller på olika partiklar. Bakterieplankton spelar därmed en nyckelroll i ekosystemet genom sin konsumtion av organiskt kol som för energi högre upp i näringskedjan. Trots deras nyckelroll i akvatiska miljöer vet vi fortfarande mycket lite om bakteriernas detaljerade säsongsmönster, mekanismer bakom rumsliga mönster och hur olika populationer kan komma att svara på klimatförändringar. Målet med denna avhandling var att undersöka hur specifika populationers dynamik och ekosystemfunktion påverkas av naturliga eller klimatorsakade förändringar i havsmiljön. Våra resultat av högupplöst säsongsbunden dynamik i Östersjöns bakteriesamhälle avslöjar en liknande bred uppdelning av ekologiska strategier inom varje större grupp av bakterier, både i relativ abundans och temporal fördelning. Utbredning i rum och tid av många lokalt ovanliga populationer jämfört med få lokalt vanliga populationer förklarades genom stokastisk variation i kolonisations- och utdöendehastigheter. Vidare tyder experimentella studier med tillsatser av olika kolkällor på att marina bakterier har olika ekologiska strategier, där populationer är specialister eller generalister i utnyttjandet av enskilda kolkällor. Med hjälp av experiment med naturliga bakteriesamhällen bekräftade vi tydliga temperatureffekter på bakteriesamhällets sammansättning, och en mindre effekt av lägre pH - som dock tillsammans med förhöjd temperatur bidrog till en tydlig synergistisk effekt på artsammansättningen. Ökad temperatur tillsammans med tillsats av terrestert kol gav också en stor effekt på bakteriesamhällets struktur och ekosystemfunktion och pekar på en potentiellt viktig påverkan av ökad framtida nederbörd och avrinning från vattendrag till havet. Samtliga tre experiment med fokus på klimatpåverkan bekräftade förekomsten av populationer som försvann eller minskade i relativ abundans vid klimatpåverkan (känslighet), medan andra var stabila (resistens). Samtidigt svarade många populationer positivt på klimatorsakade förändringar i havsmiljön och ökade i relativ abundans (respons) samtidigt som bakteriernas ekosystemfunktion påverkades positivt. Sammanfattningsvis visar denna avhandling att vissa nya bakteriepopulationer kan etablera sig och ersätta andra samtidigt som vissa befintliga populationer anpassar sin livsstrategi och ekologi till förändringar i havsmiljön. Vi visar också vikten av regionala effekter, d.v.s. kolonisation och utdöende, för bakteriesamhällets struktur, viktigt för tolkningen av biogeografiska mönster och den genomiska potentialen hos specifika populationer. Denna avhandling poängterar därmed betydelsen av att koppla studier av ekologiska mekanismer till både rumsliga och temporala spridningsmönster hos bakterier och till populationers kapacitet att svara på och anpassa sig till förändringar i havsmiljön.
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Avalos, Carmen. "General health condition, living arrangements, and socioeconomic status as contributing factors of depression among the elderly population." Thesis, California State University, Los Angeles, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10141090.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between general health condition, living arrangements, socioeconomic status, and depression among elderly adults. The California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) 2011-2012 dataset was utilized in order to conduct the secondary analysis of variables for this study. This study found that there is a significant relationship between general health condition, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, gender, and depression among the sample of elderly adult participants. The results from this study found that elderly participants who reported a poor general health condition (self-rated health) had higher levels of depression, and elderly adults who reported an excellent general health condition had lower levels of depression. A low socioeconomic status was correlated to higher levels of depression among elderly adults. This study also found that elderly minorities have higher levels of depression when compared to their counterparts. Female elderly adults were found to have higher levels of depression than males in this study. The results of this study serve to raise awareness and contribute knowledge of significant contributing factors correlated to depression among the elderly population.
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Desser, Daphne Payne. "Beyond identity politics toward dialogic ethics: The letters of Mordecai Ben-Ami." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For many the study of rhetoric has become a study of dialogue and difference, of communication across metaphorical and literal borders, and of the ethics of such communication. Using letters written in French by my great-grandfather, Mordecai Ben-Ami, a Russian Zionist, journalist, and fiction writer, as a site for analysis, I argue that a dialogic ethic of response offers scholars and teachers of rhetoric and composition a way to move beyond identity politics in our writing classes and the oppression of the other in our scholarship. I suggest that some of this field's most common theoretical lenses and practical sites of analysis--historiography, identity construction, gender, and translation--can be complemented by the application of dialogic ethics. Using conceptions of discourse and dialogism in work by Bakhtin and the concept of an ethics of responsibility in work by Levinas, I demonstrate that an intersubjective understanding of ethics rooted in the necessity of response to the other can help us meet the challenges of multicultural dialogue. The letters date from 1924-1928 and originate from Milan, Berlin, Odessa, and Chaiffa, among others. The dissertation is organized in chapters that employ, examine, and problematize a different postmodern approach to rhetorical analysis. Each chapter begins with an examination of a theoretical approach in relation to the letters, then analyzes sample letters using that approach. Each chapter then examines the analysis to discuss particular strengths and flaws of the theoretical framework and to suggest how a dialogic ethics can complement it. The chapters discuss the following: the historical situatedness of the letters, the shifting constructions of ethnicity and identity in the letters and in the dissertation, the gendered aspects of the reading and writing processes of the author and the translator, and finally the cultural politics involved in the translation of Russian Zionist letters by a postmodern American.
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Bergström, Jonas P. "Human serum transferrin glycosylation pattern : population differencies, analytical methodology and application as biomarker for testing of alcohol abuse and CDG /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-432-7/.
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Sydorchuk, A. S., L. I. Sydorchuk, and V. D. Moskaliuk. "Species composition and population level of palatine tonsils microbiota in patients with complicated forms of tonsillitis." Thesis, Збірник матеріалів науково-практичної конференції за участю міжнародних спеціалістів «Стратегія і тактика боротьби з інфекційними захворюваннями», присвяченої 125 - річчю Державної установи «Інститут мікробіології та імунології ім. І. І. Мечникова Національної академії медичних наук України» м.Харків, 17-18 жовтня 2012, 2012. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5083.
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Schreckenberg, Sonja E. "The Digital Divide: A Study of the Intra-Ethnic Divide within the African American Population in Johnson City, Tennessee." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2004. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0318104-184456/unrestricted/SchreckenbergS041904a.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S.)--East Tennessee State University, 2004.Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-0318104-184456. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
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Sidhu, Manbinder Singh. "Understanding health beliefs in relation to chronic disease and self-management in a socio-economically disadvantaged multi-ethnic population." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3971/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The development of lay-led chronic disease self-management programmes (CDSMPs) is considered to be an effective approach to help people self-manage chronic diseases. Current studies have, in their majority, been conducted with White participants, and it remains unclear whether CDSMPs lead to similar results for other ethnic groups, particularly high risk groups such as South Asians. This mixed methods research was constructed in two phases. Phase 1 consists of an evaluation of the Chronic Disease Educator (CDE) programme (a lay-led CDSMP). CDEs felt their role often changed during sessions, between a facilitator and educator, and were able to make content culturally applicable. Participants appreciated the group format of the programme. South Asian participants welcomed members of their community delivering the programme in community languages and were much more likely to report gaining new knowledge from attending the programme in comparison to other ethnic groups. Phase 2 consists of exploring current health beliefs with regards to chronic disease and selfmanagement within the Sikh community. Individuals from the Sikh community accessed a range of systems of support which included traditional health services, alternative remedies, the family and the community, all of which affected lifestyle, disease, symptom and emotional management.
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De, Lima Philomena J. F. "Ethnicity, 'race' and place : experiences and issues of identity and belonging in rural minority ethnic households." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/677.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis seeks to make visible the presence and voices of minority ethnic households in rural communities by addressing the ‘place blindness’ in research on ethnicity / ‘race’, and the ethnicity / ‘race’ blindness in rural literature. The overall aim of this thesis is to develop an understanding of the lived experiences and perspectives of minority ethnic households and individuals in parts of rural Scotland, and the Highlands and Islands in particular. The emphasis is on exploring the contingent, flexible and changing interaction between ethnicity / ‘race’ and rurality. This is achieved by drawing on four separately commissioned studies which were undertaken between 1998 and 2004, and were re-analysed for the purposes of this thesis. Within the context of these studies, the thesis examines the ways in which the social and spatial demography of rural minority ethnic households, and particular conceptualisations of rural have been mobilised to shape ideas and practices about belonging in parts of rural Scotland. In particular, the studies explore the ways in which minority ethnic households, parents/carers and young people across the four studies have felt they have been ‘invisible’ in relation to policy and service delivery issues, and developed strategies to overcome their marginalisation. The thesis concludes that the relationships, experiences and practices based on ethnicity / ‘race’ have to be understood as being grounded in specific spatial, national, local, historical and material contexts which are dynamic. It stresses the need to move away from binary accounts portraying minority ethnic groups as always ‘passive victims’, and the ‘host’ communities as invariably ‘perpetrators’ of racism, by recognising the importance of taking into account the cross-cutting nature of individual identities and experiences, deconstructing ‘white’ and recognising the countervailing forces of constraints and agency within this context.
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Potancoková, Michaela, Sandra Jurasszovich, and Anne Goujon. "Consequences of International Migration on the Size and Composition of Religious Groups in Austria." Springer Netherlands, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12134-018-0575-z.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Scientific knowledge on a population's religious composition is essential to
understand the challenges faced by societies today. It arises in opposition to speculations
about the actual size of religious groups that have been increasingly present in the
public discourse in Europe for many years. This is particularly the case in Austria
where the flows of refugees and migrants coming from the Middle East and Afghanistan
have intensified since 2011 and culminated in 2015. These sparked a debate on
the actual size of the Muslim population in Austria. This study fills the gap by
presenting estimates of the religious composition for 2016 and projections until 2046
based on several scenarios related to the three major forces affecting the religious
composition: migration (including asylum seekers), differential fertility and
secularisation. The projections demonstrate that religious diversity is bound to increase,
mostly through immigration and fertility. We further focus on the role and implications
of international migration on the age and sex composition within the six religious
groups: Roman Catholics, Protestants, Orthodox, Muslims, other religions and unaffiliated.
We find that the volume and composition of international migrants can maintain
youthful age compositions in minority religions - Muslims and Orthodox. Sustained
immigration leads to slower ageing but does not stop or reverse the process. The
disparity between older majority and younger minority religious groups will further
increase the cultural generation gap.
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Pinheiro, Amanda Emily Pinheiro. "The Relationship of Bone Density and Body Composition Between Student Athletes and a Non-Student Athlete Population." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1523273874020281.
Повний текст джерела
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Spell, Lindsay Joella. "Controlling the Empire: Measuring Ethnic Residential Segregation in London, 2001-2011." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1978.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research presents an overview of ethnic residential segregation in London, England, from 2001 to 2011 using four different methods of measurement. The purpose of the study was to both examine changes in the level of segregation among different ethnic groups between census dates and to compare various methods of measurement. Using the Index of Dissimilarity, Poulsen et al.'s (2001) typology classification and two different local statistics (Getis-Ord G* and Anselin Local Moran's I), the levels of concentration of the five main ethnic minority groups in London were measured for data from the 2001 and 2011 censuses. The five ethnic minority groups studied were: Black African, Black Caribbean, Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi. Of the five populations analyzed, only the Black Caribbean population showed any decrease in its overall level of segregation, while the other four all saw slight increases in segregation over the period. After comparing the four methods used, it was determined that while all offer a different perspective on the segregation of groups across space, the Anselin Local Moran's I statistic provides the most detailed result of variation in concentration across space.