Дисертації з теми "Éthique éthique"
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Valentin, Claude. "Approches éthiques des fondements de la médecine dans ses rapports à l'enfant : enfance d'une éthique, éthique d'une enfance." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MARN0273.
Hamel, Olivier Bruno. "Enjeux éthiques de la construction d'un Espace éthique régional en région Midi-Pyrénées." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05D047.
The bioethical law of August 6th 2004 plans for the creation of regional ethical forums in France. In the Midi-Pyrénées area, there have already been several experiences and the participants are highly motivated. The history of ethical committees is presented at the international and national levels. This work's objective is to bring to the fore a certain number of ethical stakes linked to the creation of the regional ethical forum in Midi-Pyrénées. In order to answer the questions formulated, an analysis of the founding texts comes first. Investigative work then brings a second research direction. Local participants are questioned in semi-directed interviews. All hospitals in the region are evaluated as to their thoughts on the matter. The shakes that are brought forth seem to be mainly linked to the democratic working of the forums and to the teaching assignments they will conduct. Their autonomy and accessibility will be essential. The application of the law is of national importance as it allows for recognition of medical ethics as an academic subject
Pichevin, Thierry. "Tourbillonnement éthique d'un océanographe : pour une vigilance éthique des chercheurs." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA11T080/document.
In this thesis, using a rigourous ethical approach and relying on my own experience of a researcher in oceanography, I explore all the aspects of research - the choice of a research field, the development of knowledge, the consequences of the findings- to show that they are all subject to ethical tensions. I try to circumvent them, and to bring arguments to answer them. I eventually propose several ideas to develop the ethical carefulness among the scientists
Décamp, Brigitte. "Adolescence passage éthique ?" Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX10042.
Wehrey, Béatrice. "Suicide et éthique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR1M154.
Zhou, Xiyin. "Deleuze, temps et éthique : les trois synthèses du temps et les trois éthiques." Thesis, Paris, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSU0042/document.
This dissertation plans to contribute to a study of the philosophy of time and the ethics of Deleuze, by scrutinizing the conception of time drawn from the three syntheses in Difference and repetition and that of ethics which is embodied in the article titled “Spinoza and the three « Ethics » ” (Critical and Clinical), in order to show the isomorphism between the ternary structure of the three syntheses of time and that of the three Ethics. This brings about a meta-ethical stake going beyond the deleuzian scope and also enables to recapture the conception of ethics from a perspective of time. It’s about trying to arrive at a meta-ethical reflection, on the deleuzian ethics inspired by Spinoza and Nietzsche, from this ‘problematique’ of both time and ethics. The approach and the style that are adopted to realize this theme are neither exegetical nor hermeneutical,but inclined to construct the arguments. Hence, instead of adhering to the deleuzian assertions taken for granted, by insisting on an intellectual reserve and by practicing an argumentative attitude, a genuine conceptual dialogue with Deleuze from an external point of view becomes possible. This argumentative dialogue is realized by applyingsome powerful concepts, which don’t necessarily attach to the deleuzian system: the concept of ‘presentism’ is introduced by joining it with that of the spinozian ‘expression’ in order to make all the three syntheses of time univocal; the concept of ‘abduction’ is invited to clarify the particular philosophical manner of Deleuze. Therefore, this dissertation privileges an externalist point of view in the reading of the articulation between ontology of time and ethics
Abou-Chakra, Hanane. "Pour une éthique humaniste." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25370.pdf.
McKale, Annick. "Wittgenstein, éthique et esthétique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ39056.pdf.
Forget, Elisabeth. "L'investissement éthique : analyse juridique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAA017.
Ethical investment is based on non-financial criteria: the investor expects a return on the investment while pursuing a non-material objective, based on the respect of certain values. Ethics bring a nuance, which impacts the set of rules for this type of investment. It establishes the content of the investment policy and requires financial intermediaries to inform investors adequately. It also forces them to ensure ethical compliance of the investment to its ending. Ethical investment, however, is not limited to this. By adopting a consequentialist approach, investors can engage with issuers to defend their values. From a theoretical point of view, this shareholder activism highlights the failure of traditional theories to define the purpose of companies. Because the concept of “intérêt social”, which the French doctrine struggles to define, leads to a deadlock, a cross-disciplinary approach, the Stakeholder Theory, should be preferred
Geschwind, Herbert. "Éthique des soins palliatifs." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040162.
A coat is modestly covering the unwell body of a severely diseased patient who is aware that he/she is shortly going to die. To make it softer palliative care is prone to act as a substitute for curative medicine that is no longer effective in recovering the patient from the disease. In order to endow specificity, palliative care is evolving in the framework of curative care that is thought to result in more discomfort, harm and pain as far as both sophisticated diagnostic and therapeutic tools are concerned. Women are thought to be more deeply adjusted for care giving that is likely to soothe pain and absorb the emotional, spiritual and anxiety shock that is getting ahead of death. Lay people, caregivers and philosophers as well as people concerned with religion do think that doing so would be able to convert death tragedy into a more serene episode that the previous one without any help issued from conditions that used to leave dying patients living in loneliness
Sainte, Marie Renaud de. "Elaboration d'une éthique téléologique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0327/document.
In moral philosophical thought, teleology has often been associated either with a form of physical determinism or with obligation theories. However, it is possible to escape this opposition, and also the other apparent antinomies of ethical thought. The central point of our work consists in founding moral theory upon the relationship between the human will and the Good, and analysing all the great questions of ethical philosophy from the point of view of a metaphysical thought seeking to comprehend the process which leads from imperfection to achievement, by applying it in different ways, according to each entity. This return to the centre allows us to free ourselves from contradictions which seemed inescapable since the terms were fixed by Kantian philosophy. On the other hand, this work profits from certain advances of contemporary analytical philosophy. In addition to the reflections of this philosophical school, the intellectual tool of analogy allows us to think the movement towards perfection, without compromising either human freedom, or rationality of the action. We may thus reasonably think to reconcile general norms, individual freedom, and human desire. Our double approach of morality, on the one hand by a clear-cut ethical theory, on the other by detailed study of the human action allow us to consider the questions pertaining to human motivation and to escape the opposition between subjectivism and objectivity. Our point of view, firmly turned towards understanding the will as desire, allows us to rethink the relation of the individual towards the state, and the continuity between his native tendencies and political life
Lassarade, Carine. "Le discours éthique de l'entreprise : vers une éthique de la communication en entreprise." Bordeaux 3, 2004. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=2005BOR30029.
This thesis is a problematical for ethics. Whilst wanting to determine the concept of corporate social responsibility, we linked the fields of sociology, linguistics, philosophy, and communications with the fields of applications-namely, a mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods, with the aim of validating the following postulation: that the new citizenship is based on the abandonment of a mythical communication leading to an ethical communication which calls for a change in its relationship to responsibility, development and science. Our quantitative investigation proposes, with a selection of companies in Aquitaine, to account for their design of ethics through their practical application of concepts such as that of sustainable development or fair trade. A qualitative body of press articles supplements our analysis. In a society which defines performance as a central value, does the pragmatic framework of values which aims at replacing the constraint, fulfil the same function? Does "Ethics" per se not become a new categorical imperative with political and economic views, bringing a new response to risk and creates a sense of progress in a company which considers, for the time being, that the only possible attitude of precaution will guarantee it? Up to what point could freedom of expression versus freedom of reception see the emergence of a new form of responsibility from the new rules of rhetoric? We conclude that this ethical communication is now assimilated to an exercise of argumentative style where the consensus becomes an ideal of communication -even a myth
Jasmin, Jean-Christophe. "Communication et Éthique chez Kierkegaard." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28708.
Hirsch, Emmanuel. "Morale, éthique : la figure médicale." Tours, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOUR2020.
Modern medical practice observation and analysis versus new ethic issues that produce in post-modern times - and by reactualisating it - the ethical problem and its value. What is the medical ethic custom position in front of the infinities potentialities? how to regulate the actual procedures applied in the biological research and in the practicals consequences fields? exploration of this upcoming order that deeply changes the very involving human conceptions, the human meaning, the human future
Kim, Sang Rok. "Le mouvement éthique chez Lévinas." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1PH04.
The thought of Lévinas wants to make us sensitive to the profound uneasinesse of the european culture which has achieved its universalization. According to Lévinas, this malaise of the Europe is rooted in the contradiction between its two spiritual currents, between Hellenism and Hebraism, because it is the question of the violence committed by the process of history in spite of its rationality. This violence is, on one hand, justified by the greek rationality in the name of the historical necessities, but, in the other hand, denounced by the jewish sensibility in the name of God who commands the love of the neighbor. This contradiction between the good conscience ensured by the greek wisdom and the guilt aroused by the jewish love of the neighbor coincides with the contradiction which exists between the conscious and the unconscious. In this way, the thought of Lévinas meets the psychoanalysis. This work intends to follow, with – and against – the psychoanalysis, the lévinassian movement of the existence which aims to sublimate the uneasinesse of the culture through a metaphorical transformation
Bourgeois, Denis. "Fictions éclatées : littérature et éthique." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA080962.
This work is a contribution to the elaboration of a contemporary aesthetical theory, refering to the primacy of hallucination (stemming from the psychoanalytic field. ) the example of ethical claiming in literature in the xxth century, such as it shows in hermann broch and jean-paul sartre, is a fruitful example of insoluble problems coming up in classical aesthetic theory stemming from the philosophical ideal. All the more since literary research at that time, that is in the first half of the xxth century, owing to its extremism, such as for instance kafka, joyce, celine carry it out, demolishes these aesthetico-metaphysical limits. Thus has this work, in a first part, unfolded ethical claiming in literature and there recognized a consequence of the question of meaning ; it has then tried to delimit, in a second part, this new postflaubertian literary practice, born at the turn of the century, and studied its implications ; so as to rethink, in a third part, the bond of the human element to reality, to the world and to others, refering to the consequences of this radical artistic practice
Eggenspiller, Martine. "Famille, lien éthique et reconnaissance." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCC017.
Family is not only a private place but a political place too. This is why it concerns public life of state. We demonstrate that our familal life makes us sitizens. Furthermore, like inner and private, family is too the place of existence of severalfeelings wich are important in social and political life of us and of the potical society. Then our feelings of member of family answer to social norms. They make family an ethic community well-ordered by a civil contract
Morin, Eugénie. "René Char : éthique et Utopie." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040056.
By virtue of his tragic vision of the world, René Char initially appears to be far from a utopian. He is less interested in “enchanting dawns” than in the imminent dangers that await humanity. In many poems he attacks the naïve who believe that good will triumph, and values instead the pessimists “who see in their very lifetime the realization of what they most feared.” For this reason, Char has been placed alongside those who view utopia as the foyer of gulags and concentration camps, and hold utopianism responsible for the degeneration of so-called “socialist” states into totalitarian ones. Char suggests several times that between ethos (which encourages the adherence of poetry and thought to reality) and utopos (which distances us from the reality of the world) only an essential incompatibility can arise. To leave the question of utopia at this, however, is to ignore how a whole dimension of Char’s poetry is equally inspired by the “principle of hope.” His poetry from the early 1930s flows from a desire for “a world in every respect renewed by the attractive.” His later works are equally filled with “wish-images” of desiring consciousness, evocations of dreamed places – be it an “imperforate city,” a “country at the margins,” an “ideal citadel” or, indeed, “perfection, both earthly and inspired by the common good.” While Char has on several occasions taken it upon himself to attack future-oriented utopias, it is necessary to ask whether, from within this very criticism, we may find instead an invitation to think utopia otherwise
Lopes, Semedo Maria Luisa. "Vers une éthique de l'empathie." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040214.
Empathy is an emotional and cognitive early faculty which is universal and flexible, which allows us to be affected, to recognize and to respond properly to the subjectivity of others. Empathy allows us, therefore, to feel the emotions and feelings of the others but also to understand, to know and to predict their behavior in order to better adjust our intersubjective conduct. This behavior can range from simple social coordination to a true ethical conduct. The objective of this work is to present and reflect on the conditions of possibility of a new ethics: an ethics of empathy that considers this faculty as its foundation (contagion, empathic distress, imitation), its means (simulation, imagination, memory, attention empathic concern) and its goal (sharing, trust, cooperation, respect). The ethics of empathy is a hybrid ethics, cognitive-affective, realistic and idealistic, minimalist from the point of view of the relation to itself and with others because it prefers relationships with others to own duties. It is an ethics that combine universality and particular cases; that reconciles human nature (is) with values and principles (ought) while leaving space to be exceeded by taking into account human perfectibility, including through an empathetic education. We propose a modern interdisciplinary research that takes into account not only the latest studies in natural sciences and humanities on our ability to empathize, but also the new global world in which we live today
Lilti, Eliahou. "Propriété, éthique et droit hébraïque." Paris, INALCO, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INAL0028.
Hebraic law does not protect social order and neglects ethical values regarding ownership. To understand this we will look at Hebraic law through its original context, The Torah. The Torah consists of commandments which only apply to the realties of human nature, that is situations that are the essence of human existence like dress, business, and food. Naturally in these situations man will act according to his personal interest. Torah transforms this natural situation by applying religious commandments on every natural reality, without repressing it, and transforms it into a religious act. There are a few commandments regarding the natural reality of ownership, which transform it into a religious one. Because commandments apply to the realities of nature, Hebraic law will only relate to the natural reality of ownership. Since reality of ownership isn't social or ethical rather it is the effective control of goods, all laws and commandments will strictly correspond with effective control. Therefore there is a clear distinction in Hebraic law between social order, ethics and ownership. We will prove that this principe explains the laws of ownership, and that ethics do in fact have a significant place in the Torah, but do not influence the laws of ownership
Gonzalez, Georges. "L'euthanasie entre éthique et droit." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Perpignan, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PERP0050.
Since 1986 a new type of « stakeholder » has appeared on the legal scene : the terminally ill. The consideration and support for these people has shone more light on the real difficulties in defining the terminology, and the length of time that preceeds death. It is clear that, as soon as we are born, we begin the process which eventually takes us to the end of our existence. The human race survives because sexuality allows reproduction before ageing and death. As François JACOB emphasises : « We are born, we grow up, we get old, we die and the cycle of life continues. From the moment the egg is fertilized, our DNA determines when an individual will die »It seems obvious that society has forgotten the lessons of the past : dying is increasingly feared. We expect a dignified, peaceful, and painless death, in particular for those who have an incurable illness and suffer constant pain which cannot be eased by medication. Through the law dated 2nd February2016, Parliament responded to the wishes of the terminally ill by giving them new rights : The right to refuse treatment, the right to deep and continued sedation, the right to advance directives. However, we have to be cautious. Parliament generally consists of healthy people, who make laws for a situation that they don’t wish to experience, or imagine themselves in a condition which they cannot, in fact, possibly conceive. In some inextricable situations, the patient may decide that death is preferable to life. Such is the justification for requesting euthanasia or help to die, which is still illegal in France. Following the example of other countries who are more flexible on the subject, we could develop our end-of-life legislation whilst respecting the values on which our country is based, whilst respecting human dignity. This research concerns therefore the rights of those who are terminally ill, a very controversial issue nowadays. In particular, regarding the development of the legislation which decriminalizes euthanasia, emotive debates highlight deontological, societal, ethical, and philosophical issues
Vivarelli, Clémentine. "La Laïcité à l'école : une croyance normative entre éthique de responsabilité et éthique de conviction." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG010.
This thesis proposes to analyze the secularism in the school within the framework of a sociology of the values and beliefs. From a qualitative method and comprehensive crossing the compendium of speech of school agents and the observation of everyday situations, it is to interrogate the micro dimension and practice of the phenomenon. In considering the secularism as a normative belief consisting of values relating to freedom, equality, citizenship, to the Republic, to live together, etc. , this work is committed to highlight the semantic content and axiological of different forms of secularism, and to show the philosophical models and policies of society in which they find their anchor. The taking into account of the reports of rationality that school agents maintain with their beliefs, in terms of ethics of responsibility and conviction, provide the keys of explanation and understanding of the social practices of implementation of secularism, to the extent where they reveal constitute guides of the daily action
Krol, Anna. "La dimension éthique de la communication langagière : tentative de construction d'un modèle éthique de la communication." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAP001/document.
The problematic of my research concerns language - in particular, human communication in the interdisciplinary perspective. My research is based on philosophy (philosophy of language, ethics), sociology (Goffman, Mead), psychology (Piaget, Kohlberg, Watzlawick), sociolinguistics, linguistics (Jakobson, Buhler) Craig, McQuail) neuroethics (Patricia Churchland, Martha J. Farah). This disciplinary "mosaic" aims to study the complexity of interpersonal communication from several points of view in order to determine its "technically" constitutive elements. This will help establish a group of factors that play an important role in shaping the ethics of communication
Légaré, Kathy. "Éthique et santé publique, l'autonomie-responsabilité au centre des enjeux éthiques pour la prévention du VIH/sida." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0018/MQ56760.pdf.
Sarmiento, Lozano Camilo. "Formalisation des raisonnements éthiques : modélisation des processus en éthique et modélisation, représentation et automatisation du raisonnement causal." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS047.
This thesis is in the field of computational ethics, which aims to formalise ethical reasoning. In other words, this work is part of the field that seeks to emulate our capacity as rational beings to morally evaluate an action. The formalisation of this reasoning has two objectives: to better understand it and to integrate it into computer systems to ensure that decisions made comply with chosen moral principles.This thesis makes a contribution to the field in two ways. Firstly, it proposes a common framework for formalising faithfully the most common moral principles in Western philosophy. This first contribution can be summarised as 'modelling ethical processes'. The second set of contributions pertains to the proposal for formalising causal reasoning. This formalisation not only enhances our comprehension of this reasoning but also enables its integration into computer systems, facilitating the establishment of complex causal relationships. This capability is crucial for formalising a wide range of moral principles. To ensure that our proposal can formalise all these moral principles, we have designed it to satisfy a number of conditions. Firstly, our formalisation is based on a formalism that explicitly addresses the subtleties of problems related to both causal and ethical reasoning. Secondly, our formalism's definition of causality free of any confusion with the notion of responsibility. Otherwise, it would not be common to formalise all moral principles. Finally, our proposal can handle all causal cases, including the most complex. The second group of contributions focuses on 'modelling, representing and automating causal reasoning'. The main contributions of this thesis belong to this second group
Madore, Joël. "Éthique et politique chez Emmanuel Lévinas." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9158.
Lafortune, Bernard. "Éthique de la prohibition du cannabis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0005/MQ44709.pdf.
Rondeau, Dany. "Prolégomènes à une éthique globale interculturelle." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ65430.pdf.
Dugal, Louis. "Éthique et indifférence : questions pour Levinas." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26715/26715.pdf.
Bernard, Gaëlle. "Lyotard : politique, éthique : la justice improbable." Lille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL30002.
Couapel, Morgane. "Droit, éthique et médecine de substitution." Amiens, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AMIE0052.
Medicine by substitution includes therapeutics based on man’s treatment by elements and products of other people’s body. It concerns organs, tissues and cells transplantations, medically assisted reproduction and cloning. Law is necessary to provide a frame for it, but it is not enough to obtain a complete study of it. A pluridisciplinary approach is essential. The adopted legislation, revised after a five years’ delay, contributes to guarantee the respect of law, security and quality principles as far as using the human body is concerned. This legal and national approach must combine with a supranational approach and an extralegal approach, particularly in the fields of ethics, religion and society. It is possible to handle the human body in other people’s interest. But, it will have to guarantee the respect and the protection of persons, while authorizing the realization of saving therapeutics
Bilate, de Carvalho Danilo. "Nietzsche et une éthique des affects." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010610.
Rollot, Mathias. "Eléments vers une éthique de l'habitation." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080008/document.
The research aims at questioning the inhabitation philosophical idea in its critical contents. Beyond its binary reduction (inhabilitability : what would be inhabitable, and what may be un-inhabitable), it tries to shape more complex explainations of the different resistances to the inhabitations processes. To do so, the research first construct a dialogic structure of the « inhabitation » philosophical notion. Then, it put it in relation to the philosophical thinking of Günther Anders. Through the notions of conformisation, of « dividu », or the one of « familiarization », it wants to show how human inhabitation polarities can be difficult to realize in certains spatial configurations, with certains technological disposals, or inside certain societies or cultural structures. In all this, the study tries to establish a new reading of the complex relations that stands between architectures, inhabitations and responsabilities inside the liquid modernity we live in. Introduction of a larger « critical theory of milieus », it works at constructing a series of elements capable of representing inhabitation as a ethical value, as much as bringing the thinking to new potentialities. Sketching, in this way, contents and limits of what could be a paradoxal but also necessary inhabitation’s ethic
Endo, Fumihiko. "La pensée éthique de Roland Barthes." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA070119.
The aim of this thesis is to study the ethical thought of roland barthes. It tries to demonstrate the research of barthes for a moral of semiotic practice or of symbolic activities. Its first part is a description of the dialectic relation between ideological criticism and semiotics in barthes' works. We will study the birth of an semiocritical project (chapter 1). Its development in the structuralist phase (chapter 2) and its transmutation caused by introduction of the notion of "text" (chapter 3). Frankness of sign, suspension of signification and exemption of meaning will be postulated as positive values. The second part treats of the problem of "discursivity" in barthes and studies his research for a new affirmative discursivity. "arrogance" and "indifference" will be described as negative values inherent in existing scientific and critical metadiscourses. The notion of "pleasure" will be analysed from a semantical point of view (chapter 4). Then, an analysis of the two discourses of imaginary composed by barthes will be proposed (chapter 5). The last chapter (chapter 6) will be a study of the research of barthes on photography
Teixeira, Antonio. "Le "topos" éthique de la psychanalyse." Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081126.
Following the way developed by descartes with the modern science's discourse, the psychoanalysis postulate the notion of a subject's determinism by the meaning. However, we remain responsable of our subjective position. When lacan employs the concept of cause as a way of thinking the responsability, he sees in this notion an instrinsec hiatus that dissociates it from everything we understand based on terms of law and determination. We can conceive an ethical dimension to guide the freudien experience, as the cause comports a nonsensical aspect escaping from laws of the discourse that determines a subject as an effet. This works consists in situating through the figures from tragedy chosen by lacan the structural fonction of the cause as the ethical "topos", which defines the subjective responsability
Maglio, Milena. "Éthique de la sacralité de la vie, éthique de la qualité de la vie : généalogie d'une opposition théorique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAP005.
The debate between the sanctity of life ethic and the quality of life ethic has been at the core of bioethical discussions (especially those in English) for forty years. It is generally considered that the sanctity of life is an ancient ethic which belongs to the Judeo-Christian and to the Hippocratic traditions. The quality of life, for its part, is commonly understood as a modern ethic which was born with the scientific and technological development of the medical field started sixty years ago. It is then stated that the difference between the sanctity of life ethic and the quality of life ethic depends on the value that each ethic assigns to human life. A moral judgment about subjects as abortion, euthanasia, the withholding and withdrawal of life support, and so on, is supposed to result from this value. The literature on the subject is abundant, and the expressions “sanctity of life” and quality of life” are often used, but the meaning and the scope of these ethics remain sometimes unclear. This fact becomes more evident in the public debates, especially in the well-known cases. What (human) life, sanctity (of life), and quality (of life) mean? These questions rarely receive the same answer.The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the validity of the opposition between the sanctity of life ethic and the quality of life ethic with a genealogical approach and an archaeological method. The common idea of the sanctity of life is, first, analyzed to find its multiple and heterogeneous “descents” [provenances]. These “descends”, then, are put into context, focusing on the conditions in which the expression “sanctity of life” was mobilized, and on the discourses that opposed to it. This framework, finally, allows to bring a fresh look at the advent of the debate between sanctity of life ethic and quality of life ethic, as well as at its emergence and reconfiguration in bioethics. The challenge is to provide new keys for thinking differently the contemporary debate
Brabant, Louise. "Éthique de gestion de la coopération organisationnelle." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5283.
Azarre, Wilfrid. "Leadership éthique des dirigeants scolaires en Haïti." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67306.
This research explores the ethical issues faced by Haitian school administrators, their ability to perceive ethical issues in different professional situations, and the decisions and actions they take when facing such issues. The research uses a mixed methodology, combining quantitative and qualitative data. Three instruments were used, two of which were validated in Haiti to gather information. Two questionnaires (the Ethical Leadership Questionnaire - ELQ - and the Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire - ESQ) collected information from 198 secondary school principals in four departments in Haiti. A validated interview guide collected qualitative information from eight secondary school principals in three departments. To meet the objectives of the study, an initial series of analyses was conducted to verify the psychometric qualities of the questionnaires used. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were conducted on the ELQ and ESQ. The first revealed that the ELQ’s model fits the data. In the case of the ESQ, the initial analysis revealed a poor fit of the ESQ’s model to the data, forcing the removal of three items that were not sufficiently related to the rest of the scale. A second confirmatory factor analysis of the modified model of the ESQ provided a better fit although not fully satisfactory. These analyses allow to add Haiti to the list of countries where the ELQ and ESQ questionnaires have been culturally verified, although the latter tool will benefit from further studies. We then conducted descriptive statistics and compared the position of Haitian school principals on the different dimensions of the ELQ and ESQ. Results on the scale of ethical leadership development stages indicate that participants have reached different levels of development on the three dimensions of ethical leadership. Their score is associated to the emergence level for the critical dimension, to the level of presence for the justice dimension, and to the level of consolidation for the care dimension. Comparisons of scores and levels of development were made according to level of education, number of years of experience in the current position or organization, gender, age, language spoken at work and the department in which the institution is located. In general, the results of these comparisons are not significative. However, the evaluation of the effect sizes and of the levels of development of the different dimensions does show some small or moderate differences between certain subgroups. Qualitative analysis was also combined with quantitative analysis to better understand the strengths and vulnerabilities of Haitian school leaders in ethical decision-making. The quantitative and qualitative results indicate that Haitian school leaders are more concerned with the caring dimension of ethical decision making than with the justice and critical dimensions, and less with critical than the justice and caring dimensions of ethical decision making. These results support the studies by Langlois and Lapointe (2010) and Arar and al. (2016). Moreover, results show that, as assumed by the model, managers rarely obtain a high ranking on all three dimensions. Indeed, out of a total of 198 participants, only five have a high score on all three dimensions, and 12, on two dimensions. Training in ethical sensitivity appears to be important to help these managers better perceive the different types of ethical issues they are likely to encounter and to better take into account the different dimensions of ethical leadership when faced with an ethical dilemma. This thesis also highlighted the existence of contextual challenges that can hamper the ethical actions of Haitian school administrators and the lack of adequate training. The conclusion of the thesis underscores the importance of training principals and all actors in the Haitian school system in ethical sensitivity and leadership in order to establish or strengthen living together, equity and solidarity in the school and community.
Milewski, Jacky. "Argumentation et éthique dans le droit talmudique." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX32066.
The biblical text occupies a prominent place in Hebraic Law. It actually stands at the very origin of the law. But, like any other text, it needs to be interpreted in order to comprehend its meaning and to determine its purpose. To achieve this end, thirteen rules of interpretation are stated. However, these rules are not merely restricted to a means of interpretation, they also convey an ethical message
Lorrain, Jean-Louis. "Figures de la souffrance psychique : approche éthique." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T117.
As the front door of perception, the figure enables an ethical joumey through the mind-body of man, suffering in his neural and societal dimension. Searching for a substrate to sufferance calls for neurosciences and leads us to ponder over conscience, a mysterious phenomenon. As a vector of sufferance, creativity makes the invisible visible and art enables the unspeakable. Poetics and politics are presented as emergences against the impotence of science. Man suffering, altered by emotion, shows ethics his precariousness and frailty as powers raising the complexity of subjectivity and intent, making possible a suggestion of sucular transcendence. The sufferance of ethics, related to posthumanism, requires a re-foundation of ethics based upon responsibility, resistance, and the will not to abandon. Ethics becomes the interface between humanity and the suffering world, whose sufferance is intrinsic
Goffi, Jean-Yves. "Esquisses d'une éthique pour la société technologique." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100166.
According to some philosophers, modern technologies are out of control. They tend to establish an order of their own, of no relevance to ethical considerations. This is a technophobic stance. On the contrary, it can be argued that modern technologies, although risky enterprises, are open to ethical control. An examination of some problems from the field of bioethics (prenatal diagnosis, "animal’s rights") shows that the bounds of the moral community are to be expanded if a model of ethics is to be established in a technological society. Such a model can be broadly characterized as a kind of objective utilitarianism
Sawada, Naoyuki. "Écriture et morale : question éthique chez Sartre." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010561.
This thesis seeks to explicate the special relation between writing and morals in Sartre's works. To retrace the evolutio of the sartrean ethics, we proose, in stead of sketching his un1chieved theory, a reading of his key conceptsz, such "freedom", "knowledge", "recongnition", "understanding", "other", "self", etc. Why are moral issues and the question of writings privileged themes for sartre that is the question we attempt do answer here. Our analysis shows that the philosophical, literary and the autobiographical components from an ethical knot in sartre's works. So Sartre's analogy between morals and writing is not at all aleatory, because both themes are based on the question of communication and creation
Lang, Patrick. "La valeur : éthique, politique et sciences sociales." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010607.
Griffejoen-Cavatorta, Constance. "Libertinage et éthique aristocratique au XVIIe siècle." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS006S.
In the seventeenth century, many noblemen voiced the importance they attached to the liberty of mind, soul and body, through their deeds and works. Showing their voluptuous nature and celebrating the pleasures of the flesh, they freed themselves from stern morals. Displaying some distance towards religious beliefs and practices, they asserted their independence and denied the consideration due to the Altar. Fostering political opposition by their involvement in plots and conspiracies, or by fighting duels, they claimed for an ideal of rebelliousness. Libertine deeds, whether they relate to debauchery, disbelief or political rebellion, gain strength when accompanied by a libertine pen. The works written by representatives of aristocratic libertinage such as Montluc, Saint-Évremond, Bussy-Rabutin, La Fare or Chaulieu reveal a remarkable unity. These noblemen share values closely linked to their standing; composing libertine works - whether in matter or in manner – more perenially contributes to building their aristocratic ethos. Set at the heart of aristocratic libertinage, claiming for liberty thus assumes a major importance to the noblemen and their mental universe. Libertinage appears as an aspect essential to nobiliary culture and constitutes one of the most fundamental ways of expressing aristocratic identity and consciousness
Boldrini, Miranda. "Éthique, imagination et réalité chez Iris Murdoch." Thesis, Amiens, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AMIE0039.
The thesis focuses on Iris Murdoch's (1919-1999) moral thought. The research aims to show Murdoch's heterogenic and innovator role within contemporary moral philosophy, in particular in the analytic tradition. Murdoch's philosophical perspective is analyzed in three axes : the relationship between ethics and language ; moral psychology ; the relationship between philosophical method and normativity. The thesis shows Murdoch's contribution to some central debates of contemporary philosophical ethics, notably : the critic of the dichotomy between fact and value ; moral perfectionism ; and the critic of "scientism" and the kind of non-scientific naturalism Murdoch conceive for ethics. Through this analysis, both theoretical and historical, the research argues that Murdoch played a crucial role in the constitution of an alternative line of analytic moral philosophy : a "philosophy of the ordinary" inheriting from Wittgenstein, which consider philosophical reflection as conceptual elucidation interested in ordinary moral life. In this perspective, the thesis explores the relationship between Murdoch's moral thought and contemporary ethics of care along with feminist approaches interested in moral epistemology, in order to show that what Murdoch offers for ethics is a "different moral epistemology"
Guyard, Joël. "Langage, éthique, névroses par preuves et dommages." Rennes 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN20034.
In this thesis we pursue a work of formulation of the model of the standard defined by Jean Gagnepain up to the point of necessary precision to claim to interpret five clinical corpuses of neurosis according to three analytical aspects (dialectic, axialité, reciprocity) and three dissociations (speech, stratagem, transfer). We adduce the analogy sign / standard there to refer to us in the médiationnistes studies of the aphasia. It is mutually that the types(chaps) of neurosis define themselves: every chapter thus makes echo to the others. These five corpuses come to consolidate the fundamental hypothesis of the immanence of an axiologique analysis with what they supply us, by proofs and damage, the criteria. The autolyse of the security or the title shows itself by the delusion(decoy) of the urgent there require or are these patients has to redefine explicitly a behavioral identity or has to re-deduct explicitly a behavioral unity. The delusion of this obnubilation which breaks with the reciprocity pawns
Salmon, Anne. "L'offre éthique : une production de l'ordre économique." Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090030.
Moukine, Billah Saïda. "Poétique, métaphysique et éthique chez Muhammad Iqbal." Toulouse 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU20071.
Muhammad iqbal (1877-1938), is a muslim poet-philosopher, born in india and honoured today as "the spiritual father of pakistan". His poetry bears trends of persian classical imagery and mystical symbolism. Yet, iqbal's treatment proves original both in meaning and style. "the concept of nature" is one of the themes showing a personal dynamic mysticism. It also betrays a hiearchic and prophetic vision not only of nature (through the four elements, the vegetal and animals worlds) but also of man and community. The english conferences the reconstruction of religious thought in islam express at best his insistance on a quranic foundation for the development of individual and society, culminating in the position of the perfect man. However this enlightening level of god's servant requires the practice of reason, meditation and creativity involved in the infinite reality. At last, iqbal's project of pakistan betrays a tension between materialism and transcendence in a real implication in the modern world
Le, Quitte Samuel. "Phénoménologie et éthique des valeurs selon Husserl." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S174.
Husserl's philosophy is an attempt to obtain objective knowledge on the world, which offers a description of the cognitive consciousness, in order to distinguish a presumptive or an illusory belief and an authentic knowledge. However, such a methodological precedence of the objective knowledge should not hide the actual priority of a non-objective and pre-predicative experience of the world. Indeed, the world first appears to us as a practical and valuable world. We can see beautiful objects, useful tools, pleasant landscapes. One is drawn by a sound or disturbed by a light. How are these two points of view to be reconciled? May we conciliate the methodological priority of theoretical consciousness and the empirical precedence of values and goods? This question deals with the possibility of phenomenology itself, because this philosophical method has to transform itself in order to take into account the idiosyncratic kinds of problems that raise the experience of values. Values reach the limits of the “objectifying consciousness's” possibilities. Because they do not belong to the realm of nature, values are not one of the empirical properties of things. More precisely, ethical values query the need of unity in Reason and the need of a strict parallelism between different intentional acts. May injustice or virtue appear as do so colours or shapes in the sensible world? Can these values be intentionally constituted? Does the meaning of values ever exceed the constitutive capabilities in the subject? In order to answer these questions, two fields shall be developed. The first one questions the possibility of a value theory, which is brought by the phenomenological method, that is to say, through a demand of analogy and a demand of transcendental constitution. The second one indicates how the understanding of ethical values implies some shifting and new elaborations in the methodology itself, in order to show, behind the rationality of emotional and volitional acts, the life and work of the ethical subject
Perrot, Philippe. "Devenir soi-même. Ambiguïtés d'un projet éthique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC0008.
Philosophy is not a clearly bounded and closed field. All philosophical questions point towards an elsewhere, an unknown land that remains to be discovered and where no one has yet set foot. More than any other question, the question of the “self” upsets attempts to integrate all answers in a rigorously defined and closed space. As Bergson clearly emphasised, it is only possible to master intellectually that which is inert and static, and only what has already taken place can be explained. Now, if it is outside the self that the inert and the static are to be found, it is precisely because the self appears and arises in the world as a process of uprooting and going beyond all that is. Because it is not just an objective correlative and because it cannot ignore what it owes to a primary uprooting, the self constitutes, as a consequence, the ultimate problem of philosophy.The solution to the problem of the self would be to reveal or establish in the world an order of things sufficiently admirable as to allow it to do away with the feeling of being superfluous. There would therefore be at least two ways of approaching the question of “becoming oneself” : either by moving towards a pacification through accepting an order, or conversely by insisting on the idea of a split and an irreversible exile. However the ambiguity of the question is due to the impossibility of getting rid of one of the two competing viewpoints. If there has been a split, it is from an initial unity ; one has begun then with acceptance. But if the question arises of knowing what we are going to do with ourselves, it is because we have become uprooted from our selves. The uprooting of the self refers to the state of inadequacy and splitting of the self. Nevertheless experience shows that this state, which engenders the desire to rely on oneself alone, is most frequently concealed by the self. Social pressure, imitation, habit, the search for happiness overcome this desire. We aspire to become ourselves, but choose not to take the risk ; we follow in the footsteps of our forebears; we act out the roles that are expected of us.The question of “becoming one’self” only imposes itself so starkly in those who are haunted by the memory of a split that they interpret as a “self transforming primary experience”. Rather than going with the flow of things, this split goads them to react and try to set their own course. Beyond the “dynamics of life”; there is another : the “dynamics of existence”, which depends on individual responsibility. On can only become oneself through taking the risk of plunging into the latter, that is by striving to be the cause of oneself. To do so, it is necessary to withdraw. But withdrawing doesn’t mean losing oneself. The will to wander, which drives the self that wishes to forge itself, is not suicidal. The self is thereby faced with two major difficulties. On the intellectual level, it must remain “readable”; in other words, even if what it undertakes is not accessible to everyone, the figure that it draws must nevertheless make sense and be able to entice others. On the moral level, it must withstand the common opinion that the individual be understood as a “part” and not as a “separate person”.The project of trying to “become oneself” expresses the ambiguity of the sudden irruption of human subjectivity into the world. It is as much a question of exposing oneself to Otherness in all its forms as of vanquishing and subduing it. Its aim has no pragmatic goal. That the human race finds itself strengthened or better prepared to face future challenges is not what is essential. Always different, each new attempt embodies a figure which, like a star, shines simply in the silence of the night