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1
Lai, Karyn 1964. "Morality and the care ethic : relationships in the classical Confucian and Pauline Christian traditions." Phd thesis, Faculty of Arts, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/8617.
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2
Newham, Roger Alan. "The good health care professional : a critique of Edmund Pellergrino's approach to essentialist medical ethics and the virtues." Thesis, Keele University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540622.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In England, medical, nursing and other healthcare professions are required by their codes of professional ethics to have a working knowledge of moral principles and to be able to apply them in practice. Little, if anything, is said explicitly by these professions about the virtues. However, much is said about the character of the doctor or the nurse, and their supposed ability to recognise moral issues in their professional work and make morally good decisions. Edmund Pellegrino has questioned the appropriateness of applying moral principles to medical practice in contemporary times without a firm foundation. He attempts to restore the moral foundation of the profession of medicine, by restricting an account of the good to the profession which he claims, unlike ethics in general, there can be agreement on norms. From this position, moral principles in medical ethics can be justified, agreed upon, and provide firm action guidance in practice, as well as provide an independent ground for medical virtues. I will claim that Pellegrino's concern about disagreement and a loss of norms in ethics in general is not resolved in the restricted field of professional medical ethics and that his understanding of principles and the link with virtue is confused. Then, using virtue terms Pellegrino himself thinks necessary for making good decisions in practice, I will show how a certain account of the virtues can provide a plausible account of how we can become good healthcare workers and so support Pellegrino's goal; though it will not support his confidence in supplying both clear, moral, and normative constraints in a code of professional medical ethics and firm decision-making in practice.
3
Dolovich, Sharon. "Does political morality have a gender? : Feminism, contemporary liberalism and the ethic of care." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282885.
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4
Worsham, Lucas. "Unearthing the Seeds of Oppression and Injustice within Education: Using Intuition, Care, and Virtue to Guide the Educative Process and Cultivate Morality." UNF Digital Commons, 2016. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/645.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The emphasis of the inquiry is on the domain of education and the relationship present between the teacher and student more specifically. Essentially, the first part of the thesis outlines how the larger social-political system impacts the domain of public education, with the predominant issues of adversity becoming manifest at the level of the relationship that exists between teacher and student. The second part of the work utilizes the problems discovered and their impact on human experience to propose a virtue/care based method for approaching the relationship with the student in a way that both aligns more closely with the movement of experience, while also functioning to assist the student in shaping their own moral character. Essentially, the method being proposed is something that is meant to assist the teacher in her attempts to communicate with the student in a more personal sort of way, thus allowing for a higher degree of understanding of the unique personality of each student, with this understanding leading the teacher to form a more flexible approach that takes into account the various personalities of the students. In so doing the teacher is working to bring the experience of the student into the educative process, which should thereby increase student performance through their feeling more involved in the education being received.
5
Guimarães, Naso Renata. "Therapeutic Alliance between Psychologists and Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence: A Feminist Ethics of Care Interpretation." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Forum för genusvetenskap och jämställdhet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-141601.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis investigates the construction of the therapist-client alliance in the therapeutic setting with perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV). Moreover, it explores the ways a Feminist Ethics of Care perspective could enhance the partnership between the actors. To fulfil such aims, the author conducted six in-depth semi-structured interviews with psychologists working at one of the most renowned institutions for perpetrators of IPV in Norway and Sweden. The analysis of the psychologists' discourses demonstrates that several factors are influential in the alliance construction. The most important aspects are: the clients' perspective towards the psychologists; the therapists' views towards the clients; the psychologists' engagement with moral sentiments; the power struggle between the actors; and the use of techniques for the professionals to enhance their connection with the clients. Besides that, the discourses also show that moral superiority seems to guide the psychologists when relating with the perpetrators. Their views are embedded in an individualistic ethics based on the principles of Kohlberg's Ethics of Justice. The thesis suggests that a collective ethics such as Gilligan's Feminist Ethics of Care would enhance the partnership between the actors. This theoretical framework allows the psychologists to change their superior moral views of the clients to a moral responsibility towards them. When such movement in perspective happens, the therapists begin to see the perpetrators as human beings with many different facets. Consequently, they truly deny a judgmental impression towards their identity.
6
Romoser, Margaret A. "Socialized Medicine in Letters to the Editor: An Analysis of Liberal and Conservative Moral Frames." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1388842426.
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7
Onuoha, Chikezie. "Bioethics Across Borders : An African Perspective." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitetsbiblioteket [distributör], 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7844.
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Gabhart, Elizabeth Anne. "Religiousness and Spirituality: How Are They Related to Moral Orientations?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011767/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This dissertation examines correlations between religiousness and spirituality, to moral orientations using moral foundations theory as a framework. Using the 2012 Measuring Morality dataset, which provides a representative sample of the population of the United States, I create linear regressions which test associations between religiousness, spirituality, and each of the five moral foundations ((harm/care, fairness, in-group loyalty, respect for authority, and purity). I find that religiousness is negatively associated with concern for harm, and positively associated with respect for authority, a finding which implies that the moral behavior of religious people is rooted in respect for authority more than in any other moral concern. Spirituality is positively associated with concern for fairness. The implications of all findings are discussed, as well as limitations and recommendations for future research.
9
Johansson, Linda. "Autonomous Systems in Society and War : Philosophical Inquiries." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Filosofi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-127813.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The overall aim of this thesis is to look at some philosophical issues surrounding autonomous systems in society and war. These issues can be divided into three main categories. The first, discussed in papers I and II, concerns ethical issues surrounding the use of autonomous systems – where the focus in this thesis is on military robots. The second issue, discussed in paper III, concerns how to make sure that advanced robots behave ethically adequate. The third issue, discussed in papers IV and V, has to do with agency and responsibility. Another issue, somewhat aside from the philosophical, has to do with coping with future technologies, and developing methods for dealing with potentially disruptive technologies. This is discussed in papers VI and VII. Paper I systemizes some ethical issues surrounding the use of UAVs in war, with the laws of war as a backdrop. It is suggested that the laws of war are too wide and might be interpreted differently depending on which normative moral theory is used. Paper II is about future, more advanced autonomous robots, and whether the use of such robots can undermine the justification for killing in war. The suggestion is that this justification is substantially undermined if robots are used to replace humans to a high extent. Papers I and II both suggest revisions or additions to the laws or war. Paper III provides a discussion on one normative moral theory – ethics of care – connected to care robots. The aim is twofold: first, to provide a plausible and ethically relevant interpretation of the key term care in ethics of care, and second, to discuss whether ethics of care may be a suitable theory to implement in care robots. Paper IV discusses robots connected to agency and responsibility, with a focus on consciousness. The paper has a functionalistic approach, and it is suggested that robots should be considered agents if they can behave as if they are, in a moral Turing test. Paper V is also about robots and agency, but with a focus on free will. The main question is whether robots can have free will in the same sense as we consider humans to have free will when holding them responsible for their actions in a court of law. It is argued that autonomy with respect to norms is crucial for the agency of robots. Paper VI investigates the assessment of socially disruptive technological change. The coevolution of society and potentially disruptive technolgies makes decision-guidance on such technologies difficult. Four basic principles are proposed for such decision guidance, involving interdisciplinary and participatory elements. Paper VII applies the results from paper VI – and a workshop – to autonomous systems, a potentially disruptive technology. A method for dealing with potentially disruptive technolgies is developed in the paper.QC 20130911
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Bagge, Laura. "An investigation of the economic viability and ethical ramifications of video surveillance in the ICU." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/943.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this review of literature is to investigate the various roles of video surveillance (VS) in the hospital's intensive care unit (ICU) as well as its legal and ethical implications. Today, hospitals spend more money on the ICU than on any other unit. By 2030, the population of those 65 and over is expected to double. 80% of older adults have at least one chronic diseases (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). As a consequence, the demand for ICU services will likely increase, which may burden hospital with additional costs. Because of increasing economic pressures, more hospitals are using video surveillance to enhance quality care and reduce ICU costs (Goran, 2012). Research shows that VS enhances positive outcomes among patients and best practice compliance among hospital staff. The results are fewer reports of patient complications and days spent in the ICU, and an increase in reported hospital savings. In addition, VS is becoming an important tool for the families of newborns in the neonatal ICU (NICU). The belief is that the VS can facilitate parent-baby bonding. In the United States of America, privacy rights impose legal restrictions on VS. These rights come from the U.S. Constitution, Statutory law, Regulatory law, and State law. HIPPA authorizes the patient to control the use and disclosure of his or her health information. Accordingly, hospitals are under obligation to inform patients on their right to protected health information. It is appropriate that hospitals use VS for diagnostic purposes as long as they have obtained patient consent. According to modern day privacy experts Charles Fried and Alan Westin, a violation of a person's privacy equates a violation on their liberty and morality. However, if a physician suspects that a third party person is causing harm to the patient, than the use of covert VS is justifiable.B.S.N.
Bachelors
Nursing
Nursing
11
Chan, Shaun Y. W. "Williams, ethics, and morality." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq22448.pdf.
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Tiffany, Evan C. "The normativity of morality /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9988314.
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PEFFER, RODNEY GENE. "MARXISM, METAETHICS, AND MORALITY (ETHICS, SOCIALISM)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work first exposits and analyzes Marx's implicit moral theory and then examines various objections to the thesis that Marxism and morality are genuinely compatible. Chapter 2 ("Marx's Moral Perspective") traces the development of Marx's moral views and argues that his implicit moral theory is based on the values of freedom (as self-determination), human community and self-realization. Chapter 3 ("Morality and Marx's Theory of Exploitation") argues that Marx's concept of exploitation is, in part, evaluative and involves the violation of the freedom of the exploited due to undemocratic social institutions. In Chapters 4 ("Utilitarian Interpretations of Marx") and 5 ("Freedom, Equality, and Human Dignity in Marx") I argue that Marx is not a utilitarian nor, strictly speaking, a consequentialist of any sort: he does not demand the maximization of a nonmoral good but, rather, a maximum system of equal freedoms, both positive and negative. Chapter 6 ("Marxism, Morality, and Self-Interest") argues (1) that Marx's form of practical reasoning is not purely prudential nor, for any other reason, non-moral in nature and (2) that, in reality, Marx sees moral concerns as well as self-interest as part of revolutionary motivation. Chapter 7 ("Marxism and Moral Historicism") argues against the view that Marx is a "moral historicist," as well as against the thesis that morality is irrelevant from a Marxist point of view because socialism is (purportedly) inevitable. Chapter 8 ("Morality and Ideology") analyzes the Marxist concept of ideology and argues that once we become clear about both this concept and that of morality, we see that morality is not, as a whole, ideological. Chapter 9 ("Marxism, Moral Relativism, and Moral Objectivity") argues that Marxism is not committed to any pernicious form of ethical relativism and then brings to bear hypothetical choice theories and the ideal of unanimous intersubjective agreement. Finally, Chapter 10 ("Marx's Critique of Justice and Rights") takes up Marx's objections to these concepts and argues (1) that they either apply only to certain 'bourgeois' theories or are based on misconceptions and (2) an adequate Marxist moral and social theory must be grounded on theories of justice and human rights.
14
Yan, Hektor King Tak. "Art, morality and ethics : philosophical interpretations." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683310.
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Cacique, Denis Barbosa 1982. "Desenvolvimento e validação de conteúdo do Mosaico de Opiniões Sobre o Aborto Induzido (Mosai) : um instrumento para se conhecer as ppiniões de profissionais da saúde sobre a moralidade da interrupção voluntária da gravidez = Development and content validation of the "Mosaic Opinions About Abortion" : an instrument to investigate the views of health care professionals about the morality of abortion." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311730.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientadores: Renato Passini Júnior, Maria José Martins Duarte OsisDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-27T11:33:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cacique_DenisBarbosa_M.pdf: 6021042 bytes, checksum: 3c34c17eea2198eff7a2db0a382f8d99 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: No Brasil, o observável crescimento no número de publicações de pesquisas, realizadas ao longo dos últimos anos, visando a conhecer as opiniões de profissionais da saúde sobre a moralidade do aborto não tem sido capaz de desvelar, ao mesmo tempo com abrangência e profundidade, não apenas as atitudes favoráveis ou contrárias ao direito ao aborto, mas também suas razões subjacentes. O objetivo desta pesquisa consistiu em se desenvolver e validar o conteúdo do Mosaico de Opiniões Sobre o Aborto Induzido (Mosai), um questionário pelo qual se pretende conhecer com abrangência e profundidade as opiniões de profissionais da saúde sobre a moralidade do aborto. Sua primeira versão foi desenvolvida lançando-se mão da técnica de análise temática de conteúdo de livros, artigos, filmes, sites e jornais relatando casos de abortamento, bem como argumentando sobre sua prática. Inspirado no formato do instrumento Defining Issues Test, o Mosai apresenta seis dilemas morais relacionados à interrupção voluntária da gravidez, cujos desfechos devem ser escolhidos pelos respondentes e podem ser justificados mediante a classificação de 15 padrões de argumentos sobre a moralidade do aborto. A fim de validar seu conteúdo, o questionário foi submetido ao crivo de um painel de 12 especialistas, incluindo médicos, juristas, bioeticistas, sociólogos, enfermeiros e estatísticos, que emitiram notas e comentaram os critérios de clareza da redação, pertinência, adequação à amostra e adequação aos domínios. Ao incorporar algumas das críticas e sugestões recebidas nesse processo, espera-se que o Mosai apresente maior validade de conteúdo, habilitando-se para novas etapas de aperfeiçoamento até que possa ser aplicado amplamente entre profissionais da saúde com formações diversas
Abstract: There has been an observable increase in the number of research publications in Brazil aiming to investigate health care professionals' point of view over abortion morality in the past few years. However, such publications have failed to uncover the subjects' pro-life and pro-choice attitudes, as well as the reasons behind them. The objective of this research is to develop and validate the contents of "Mosaico de Opiniões Sobre o Aborto Induzido" (Mosai), a questionnaire intended to investigate, with both breadth and depth, health care professionals point of view about abortion morality. Its first version has been developed based on the thematic content analysis of books, articles, movies, websites and newspapers reporting cases of abortion, as well as arguing about their practices. Inspired by the characteristics of the instrument "Defining Issues Test", Mosai presents six moral dilemmas related to the voluntary interruption of pregnancy. The questionnaire is intended to enable research subjects to define the outcomes of such dilemmas. The same subjects would then be able to justify such outcomes by means of the classification of 15argument patterns about abortion morality. In order to validate the questionnaire, Mosai has been submitted to a scrutiny panel composed by 12 experts, which included doctors, lawyers, ethicists, sociologists, nurses and statisticians, who evaluated the criteria of clarity of writing, relevance, appropriateness to the sample and suitability to the domains. By incorporating some of the criticisms and suggestions received during this process, Mosai is expected to achieve good content validity, which would enable it to further enhancement steps and widely application among health care professionals with diverse backgrounds
Mestrado
Saúde Materna e Perinatal
Mestre em Ciências da Saúde
16
Townsend, George Anthony Barry. "Morality and central cases of rules /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09armt748.pdf.
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Igoumenidis, Michael. "Professional ethics and the concept of'double morality'." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496701.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Professional ethics often asks for a kind of behaviour which is at odds with basic moral requirements, or it imposes moral restrictions which are not to be found in ordinary everyday interactions. Therefore, the individual professional must develop a sort of 'double morality', that is, he must learn how to use different sets of moral rules depending on whether he finds himself in a professional context or not.
18
Horgan, Jane Elizabeth. "Religion, morality, and crime." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709223.
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19
Kim, Young-Ran Roh. "A justification of morality within the rational choice framework /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841311.
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20
Baltzly, Vaughn Bryan. "Contractarianism and Moderate Morality." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33999.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In his book The Limits of Morality, Shelly Kagan claims that contractarian approaches to ethics are incompatible with our common, everyday, "moderate" morality. In this thesis I defend a version of contractarianism that I believe leads to both deontological constraints and options; i.e., to a genuinely moderate morality. On my account, the parties to the agreement are conceived of as being motivated not only to promote self-interest, but also to formulate a code of ethics that gives proper respect to their moral status as persons. If such a picture of the bargainers' motivations is defensible, as I believe it is, then the 'moderate' may in fact have recourse to contractarianism in her defense of everyday morality, for - as my thesis argues - bargainers that are thus motivated will arrive at a moderate morality.Master of Arts
21
Milliken, John Robert. "The Authority of Morality." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1181165177.
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Holst, Cathrine. "Feminism, epistemology & morality." Bergen : University of Bergen, 2005. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/77564206.html.
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Nicki, Andrea Lynne. "Evil, morality and oppression, traditional and feminist ethics." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0005/NQ31946.pdf.
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Herman, Barbara. "Morality as rationality : a study of Kant's ethics /." New York : Garland publ, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35536548c.
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Ollila, Maija-Riitta. "The ethics of rendezvous : morality, virtues and love /." Helsinki : Societas philosophica fennica, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37607822k.
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Lavin, Michael. "Understanding limits: Morality, ethics, and law in psychology." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284605.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Work by Sales and Lavin has suggested that it is possible to improve the moral and ethical thinking of psychologists. In particular, moral and ethical thinking by psychologists could be improved if psychologists learned to use defensible moral metrics. The usefulness of formal training in ethics and morality, with the implicit condemnation of the moral metrics that might be taught in such training, has been challenged by writers such as Justice Holmes. He has alleged that professionals learn how to behave in their professional roles by practicing them. A variety of problems are noted with Holmes' view. Further, psychologists cannot rely on expert advice from Institutional Review Boards or Ethics Committees, even if they wished to do so. Institutional Review Boards, and by implication Ethics Committees, have serious deficiencies. However, psychologists can make considerable progress in their moral and ethical thinking, if they distinguish ethics from morality and also notice the similarities between moral thinking and scientific thinking and theorizing. A controversy over the recovered-memory therapy is employed to illustrate some of these distinctions and similarities. The argument continues by developing two moral metrics. The first begins with ethics and culminates in moral appraisal. The second makes moral appraisal an earlier step than ethical appraisal. With these metrics described, it is then noted that a popular metric in psychology, that of Koocher and Keith-Spiegel, is inadequate. It is then shown that the two moral metrics earlier described are reasonably believed to be adequate. The adequacy of one of them is directly illustrated with an example involving the question of whether persons with serious mental illnesses should be allowed to enter into contracts that would relax the criteria for their involuntary hospitalization and treatment. It is concluded that teachable, intellectually defensible moral metrics are possible, and that their use would improve the moral and ethical thinking of psychologists.
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Braswell, Michael, Joycelyn M. Pollock, and Scott Braswell. "Morality Stories: Dilemmas in Ethics, Crime & Justice." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. http://a.co/cDdF8Ob.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
pt. 1. Stories and moral dilemmas : an introduction--pt. 2. Loyalty and personal relationships--Black and blue--Amnesia of the heart--Sarah Salvation--Rosy--A different justice--Stray dogs--A harmless little romance--The end is near--pt. 3. Duties to self and others--Rasheed's ticket--Invisible boy--Short-cut--The big picture--Special of the week--It's too bad about Tommy--Ballad of the Wafflehouse queen--Truth teller--pt. 4. Justice and redemption--The open door--Prison lullabies--Tin spoke parade--Thunder for Mally--Best intentions--The cracker jack gospel--The mercy seat--As is.https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1103/thumbnail.jpg
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Braswell, Michael, Joycelyn M. Pollock, and Scott Braswell. "Morality Stories: Dilemmas in Ethics, Crime & Justice." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://amzn.com/1594603073.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
pt. 1. Stories and moral dilemmas : an introduction--pt. 2. Loyalty and personal relationships--1. Black and blue--2. Amnesia of the heart--3. Sarah Salvation--4. Rosy--5. A different justice--6. Stray dogs--pt. 3. Duties to self and others--7. Rasheed's ticket--8. Invisible boy--9. The big picture--10. Special of the week--11. It's too bad about Tommy--12. Truth teller--pt. 4. Justice and redemption--13. The open door--14. Prison lullabies--15. Tin spoke parade--16. Thunder for Mally--17. The mercy seat--18. As is.https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1102/thumbnail.jpg
29
Mein, Andrew. "Ezekiel and the ethics of exile." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361854.
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Curry, Oliver. "Morality as natural history." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
What are moral values and where do they come from? David Hume argued that moral values were the product of a range of passions, inherent to human nature, that aim at the common good of society. Recent developments in game theory, evolutionary biology, animal behaviour, psychology and neuroscience suggest that Hume was right to suppose that humans have such passions. This dissertation reviews these developments, and considers their implications for moral philosophy. I first explain what Darwinian adaptations are, and how they generate behaviour. I then explain that, contrary to the Hobbesian caricature of life in the state of nature, evolutionary theory leads us to expect that organisms will be social, cooperative and even altruistic under certain circumstances. I introduce four main types of cooperation: kin altruism, coordination to mutual advantage, reciprocity and conflict resolution and provide examples of "adaptations for cooperation" from nonhuman species. I then review the evidence for equivalent adaptations for cooperation in humans. Next, I show how this Humean-Darwinian account of the moral sentiments can be used to make sense of traditional positions in meta-ethics; how it provides a rich deductive framework in which to locate and make sense of a wide variety of apparently contradictory positions in traditional normative ethics; and how it clearly demarcates the problems of applied ethics. I defend this version of ethical naturalism against the charge that it commits "the naturalistic fallacy". I conclude that evolutionary theory provides the best account yet of the origins and status of moral values, and that moral philosophy should be thought of as a branch of natural history.
31
Haydon, Graham. "Education and the public understanding of morality." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10019191/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The theme 'the public understanding of morality' is introduced through a comparison with the idea of the public understanding of science. The argument proper starts in Part I with an overview of diversity of values in contemporary society. It is argued that it is important for education to promote the understanding of this diversity, but that this does not preclude an attempt at the same time to promote a shared understanding of morality. Consideration of the work of the 'National Forum for Values in Education and the Community' is used to show a way of narrowing down the whole field of values to a particular conception of morality. Part 11 looks further into this idea of 'morality in the narrow sense' and considers what kind of language - one of norms or one of virtues - is appropriate for articulating it. The discussion is made more concrete by reference to attitudes to violence. It is concluded that while both kinds of language are important, a language of norms has a certain priority in the articulation of morality in the narrow sense. Part III defends the idea of a morality of norms against some recent criticisms, and considers the public, including the educational, role of moral norms. Part IV tries to show how the understanding of morality which has been outlined can have some motivational force and be seen to have some authority. It is argued that the promotion of an understanding of morality, conceived in the way outlined, can appropriately be seen as a task for citizenship ed ucation. In an Epilogue it is suggested that the promotion of the public understanding of morality is a contribution to the moral development of society.
32
Harrosh, Shlomit. "Evildoing : an attack on morality." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c2ef133f-800f-460b-bf8d-8396b7f48070.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis presents a comprehensive theory of evildoing as an attack on morality, grounded in objective morality. It introduces evildoing as a distinct category of immorality, arguing that it is the relationship of evil acts to the core of morality that distinguishes them from ordinary wrongdoing. Two projects are undertaken: to provide an account of morality that can ground a theory of evildoing that is both objective and capable of systematically accommodating the diverse phenomena and definitions of evil acts, and to articulate and defend the attack on morality theory of evildoing. The challenge of the first project is met by a minimalist account of morality, structured by what I call the fundamentals of morality. The thesis defends a particular substantive account of these fundamentals, underpinned by the idea of conatus as the end of morality. Ultimately, it is conatus as the striving to persist in existence and prosper inherent in human beings that justifies the objectivity of the fundamentals of morality and with it the objectivity of the theory of evildoing, for it is these fundamentals that are attacked when we speak of an ‘attack on morality.’ Specifying and defending the conditions necessary for such an attack is the task of the second part of the thesis. An act constitutes evildoing, or an attack on morality, when it is wrong, results in serious harm to others, originates in an intention based on the correct belief that the act will cause or risk such harm, and where the perpetrator’s mental states and/or the act’s consequences are antagonistic to the realization of morality via one or more of its fundamentals.
33
Clayton, Barbra R. "Ethics in the Siksasamuccaya : a study in Mahayana morality." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38171.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This dissertation examines the ethics of Santideva, an Indian Mahayana Buddhist thinker of the seventh century CE, particularly through his work, the Sikṣadsamuccaya (Compendium of Teaching). This study therefore helps redress a significant imbalance in the scholarship on Buddhist ethics, which has up to now focused primarily on the morality of the Theravada Buddhist tradition. The dissertation incorporates both descriptive and metaethical analyses to answer three questions: What is Santideva's moral theory, and how does it compare with other characterizations of Buddhist ethics? Can one moral theory adequately describe Buddhist moral traditions?Through textual analysis and translations, this thesis offers a exegetical account of the moral thought in the Sikṣasamuccaya , beginning with a description of Santideva's understanding of how to become a bodhisattva, the Mahayana spiritual ideal. I provide an analysis of Santideva's understanding of key moral concepts, with a particular focus on virtuous conduct (sila), skillfulness (kusalatva), and merit (puṇya). I then test the assumption that Buddhist moral theory is homogeneous by comparing the results of this study with those of existing secondary literature on Buddhist ethics, and in particular, I respond to Damien Keown's position that Buddhist ethics can be considered a form of Aristotelian virtue ethics. I highlight those features of Santideva's thought that fit the framework of a virtue ethic, and then discuss the implications of those aspects of the tradition that are not well captured by it. In particular, I consider the utilitarian elements in Santideva's morality. In my conclusion, I attempt to resolve these apparently conflicting styles of moral reasoning with the idea that there is a shift over the course of a bodhisattva's career from a straightforward virtue ethic to a kind of utilitarian hybrid of virtue ethics. I conclude the thesis with some reflections on the value of comparative ethics and the effort to develop a comprehensive moral theory to describe Buddhist traditions.
34
Mannion, Gerard Michael Joseph Patrick. "The humble path to ethics : Schopenhauer, religion and morality." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324279.
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Patterson, Claire. "The morality and ethics of hunting : towards common ground." Thesis, Link to the online version, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/3102.
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36
MacMahon, Paul. "Reliance in morality and law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669886.
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37
Eryilmaz, Enes. "Politics, Law And Morality: David Hume On Justice." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613424/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis evaluates David Hume&rsquos notion of justice by examining the coherence in his legal, moral, and political philosophy. It is argued that on the whole, Hume&rsquo
s use of the concept justice is coherent in his theories of law, ethics, and politics. To this end, firstly, Hume&rsquo
s moral thought is examined in detail. Secondly, his legal theory and his position in legal philosophy are considered with references to its moral aspects. Next, Hume&rsquo
s notion of justice is examined in its relation with the state. It is observed that Hume&rsquo
s conception of justice has moral, legal, and political foundations, and that all of these subjects depend on the same principles. It is shown that the laws of justice constitute an ethical, legal, and political issue in Hume&rsquo
s philosophy. According to Hume, although obeying the rules of justice is a moral topic, the laws of justice are guaranteed by the state in large societies.
38
Redmond, David James. "God and the grounding of morality." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6488.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
I argue that, if God exists, moral facts ontologically depend on him. After distinguishing a variety of ways in which moral facts might ontologically depend on God, I focus my attention on the most prominent and most well-developed account of the relationship between God and morality viz., the account developed by Robert Adams in his Finite and Infinite Goods. Adams’ account consists of two parts—an account of deontic moral properties and an account of axiological moral properties. Adams’ account of deontic moral properties is a version of divine command theory according to which the property of being morally right (obligatory) and the property of being morally wrong are identical to the property of being commanded by God and the property of being forbidden by God, respectively. I argue that although Adams’ divine command theory is not vulnerable to many prominent objections that afflict other versions of divine command theory, his view is, nevertheless, both unmotivated and implausible.
Next, I explain Adams’ account of axiological properties, which is a particular version of what I call “theistic valuational particularism.” According to Adams’ theistic valuational particularism, the property of being intrinsically good or excellent is identical to the property of faithfully and holistically resembling God. I argue that because Adams’ conception of excellence is so broad, there are some things that have the property of being excellent but fail to resemble God. I argue that the same problem afflicts other, modified versions of theistic valuational particularism, including one that is defended by Scott Hill and another that is championed by Mark Murphy. Nevertheless, I argue that this problem does not afflict what I call “theistic moral valuational particularism,” the view that moral goodness is identical to the property of resembling God in certain, specified ways. Furthermore, I argue that, if God exists, theistic moral valuational particularism is not only well motivated theologically, but it can withstand the two most prominent objections that have been lodged against it, viz., the arbitrariness objection and the divine ascription problem.
39
Ling, Yu-shih Grace, and 凌友詩. "To revive morality: a Kantian critique of Rawls's theory of justice." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31245754.
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40
Allan, James. "Hume and reason : a sceptical theory of morality and law /." Thesis, [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13604466.
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41
Hotte, Alan M. (Alan Mark) Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "Morality and value-attitude correspondence." Ottawa, 1992.
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42
Kalokerinou, H. "Logic and morality : The ambiguities of universal prescriptivism." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381940.
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43
Morrison, Iain Patrick Daniel. "The development of Nietzsche's critique of morality /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008398.
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44
Ku, Hay Lin Helen. "Where does morality come from? aspects of Nietzsche's genealogical critique of morality and his idea of the Ubermensch /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10292004-074620/.
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45
Linden, David Edmund Johannes. "Medicine and morality in the ancient world : an analysis of Galen's medical and philosophical writings." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:986686c2-8397-43ae-9b61-44ffdf85770a.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The great power of the medical profession over the lives of men entails a wealth of moral problems in medical practice and lends particular importance to questions of the responsibility of the physician. We investigate the solutions offered by Galen, the most prolific medical author of classical Antiquity, in his medical and philosophical writings. Issues of ethics and moral psychology are discussed in numerous passages of Galen's works, and he even devoted a number of treatises exclusively to ethics. The main results of our analysis of these treatises and passages can be summarized as follows. Starting with his interpretation of a prominent Hippocratic maxim, we discuss possible motivations for Galen's re-definition of the relationship between physician and patient. For Galen, it was the physician, not the patient, who led the fight against the disease. This prominent position of the Galenic physician entailed particular obligations and responsibilities. But Galen also took the view that certain responsibilities resided with the patient, particularly that of selecting the right physician and keeping the prescribed diets. Moreover Galen thought that everybody ought to pursue the systematic liberation of the soul from passions and errors, guided by his ethical methodology. Galen gave disciplined care for one's health and acquisition of medical knowledge the status of moral duties for every educated person. For physicians, he provided a wealth of additional principles and rules of conduct, covering areas as diverse as experimentation with drugs, surgical risks, promulgation of knowledge on poisons, remuneration and other social impacts of medicine, and medical education, all of them inspired by respect for the health of man, the animal who topped the teleological hierarchy of creation, and medicine, the art whose task it was to preserve and restore man's health. Galen held medicine in exceptionally high esteem, even by the standards of physicians. His view of medicine as the divine art kat 'exochen is considered in the context of his high valuation of human life and health. Health assumed a high rank in the hierarchy of goods, for it provided the basis for all the other goods and virtues. For Galen, preservation and restoration of health could be attained only on the basis of a sound scientific methodology. He was reluctant to apply criteria external to medicine proper to its practice, and mostly judged the morality of medical activities by the adherence to the principles of a well-founded therapy and avoidance of undue harm.
46
Thomas, Samuel. "Face au refus de soin : les aides-soignantes en formation à l'épreuve des dilemmes moraux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0160.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La thèse étudie l’émergence et le traitement des dilemmes éthiques dans le travail desoin des aides-soignantes. Pour ce faire, elle mobilise trois types de matériaux, correspondant aux trois parties du manuscrit.Une première partie situe les pratiques de travail des aides-soignantes en service, ce qui permet de contextualiser les dilemmes dans les pratiques qui les font exister, et de constater la persistance d’une asymétrie dans le soin, au détriment des personnes soignées (personnes malades, patientes, usagères, etc.). La seconde partie historicise à la fois les catégories profanes et les catégories d’analyse associées à la morale. Elle permet de comprendre la coexistence de normes morales du soin qui entrent parfois en contradiction, de déconstruire les usages des termes d’éthique et de morale, puis d’élaborer un cadre théorique ajusté à l’étude des dilemmes moraux dans le soin.La troisième partie s’intéresse au traitement qui est fait des dilemmes éthiques en formation d’aide-soignante. La formation constitue à la fois un lieu d’observation privilégié, un moment de socialisation professionnelle et un cadre favorisant la réflexion sur les pratiques et les normes du soin. Cette troisième partie s’attache en particulier à saisir les conditions, les effets mais aussi les facteurs limitant ces montées en réflexivité portées par la formation.La thèse dégage une proposition théorique centrale : la relation de soin est le produit d’un rapport social de vulnérabilité, qui organise l’asymétrie entre aides-soignantes et patients au détriment de ces derniers. Les dilemmes moraux que suscitent les refus de soin sont susceptibles de mettre à l’épreuve cette asymétrie, lorsqu’ils font l’objet d’une montée en réflexivité éthique de la part des soignants. Ce mouvement critique est toutefois entravé par un cadre interprétatif individualiste, qui naturalise les normes morales du soin et transfère la responsabilité aux aides-soignantes. Les aides- soignantes se retrouvent alors bien seules pour faire face au refus de soin.Cette recherche a bénéficié d’un contrat doctoral effectué à l’École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), financé par le ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la recherche, via le réseau doctoral en santé publique (RDSP) coordonné par l’École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique (EHESP)The thesis examines the emergence and handling of ethical dilemmas in the caregiving work of nursing assistants. To do this, it mobilizes three types of materials, corresponding to the three parts of the manuscript.The first part situates the work practices of nursing assistants in service, which allows for the contextualization of dilemmas within the practices that give rise to them, and highlights the persistence of an asymmetry in care, to the detriment of those being cared for (sick individuals, patients, service users, etc.).The second part historicizes both the ordinary categories and the analytical categories associated with morality. It enables an understanding of the coexistence of moral norms in caregiving that sometimes contradict each other, deconstructs the usage of the terms ethics and morality, and develops a theoretical framework suited for the study of moral dilemmas in care.The third part focuses on how ethical dilemmas are addressed in nursing assistant training. Training serves as both a privileged observation site, a moment of professional socialization, and a framework that encourages reflection on care practices and norms. This third part specifically aims to capture the conditions, effects, and limiting factors of the increased reflexivity brought about by training.The thesis presents a central theoretical proposition: the caregiver-patient relationship is the product of a social relationship of vulnerability, which organizes the asymmetry between nursing assistants and patients to the detriment of the latter. The moral dilemmas arising from refusals of care are likely to challenge this asymmetry when they provoke an increase in ethical reflexivity among caregivers. However, this critical movement is hindered by an individualistic interpretive framework that naturalizes the moral norms of care and shifts responsibility onto nursing assistants. As a result, nursing assistants often find themselves alone in facing refusals of care.This research was supported by a doctoral contract carried out at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), funded by the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research, through the doctoral network in public health (RDSP) coordinated by the École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique (EHESP)
47
Jones, Drew. "Developing destruction: the arms industry, Catholic scientists, and morality." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2009. http://165.236.235.140/lib/DJones2009.pdf.
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48
Tan, Doreen Seng Keow. "Guanxi as a basis of managerial morality among Singaporean Chinese managers." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274270.
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49
Ellis, Elizabeth Anne. "Ethics of economic sanctions." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7879.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The ethics of economic sanctions is an issue that has been curiously neglected by philosophers and political theorists. Only a handful of philosophical journal articles and book chapters have ever been published on the subject; yet economic sanctions, as I will show, are significantly morally problematic and their use stands in need of moral justification. The aim of this thesis then is to consider how economic sanctions might be morally justified. Of the few writers who have considered this issue, the majority point to the analogies between economic sanctions and war and use the just war principles (just cause, proportionality etc.) as a framework within which to assess their moral permissibility. I argue that this is a mistake. The just war principles are derived from a set of complex and detailed arguments all planted firmly within the context of war. These arguments contain premises that, whilst they may hold true in the case of war, do not always hold true in the case of economic sanctions. Nevertheless, the rich just war tradition does offer a valuable starting point for theorising about economic sanctions and in the thesis I consider how the wider just war tradition might be brought to bear on the case of economic sanctions, beginning, not with the just war principles, but with the underlying arguments for those principles. In particular, I consider whether economic sanctions can be justified on the grounds that they are a form of self- or other-defence, that they are the ‘lesser evil’ and that they are a form of punishment. I argue that certain types of economic sanctions can be justified on the grounds that they are a form of self- or other- defence and that, in extreme circumstances, certain types of economic sanctions can be justified as the ‘lesser evil’. However, I argue that economic sanctions cannot be justified on the grounds of punishment. I also develop a ‘clean hands’ argument for economic sanctions that is unavailable to the just war theorist; I argue that where the goods and services to be supplied would contribute to human rights violations or other wrongful acts, there is a duty to impose economic sanctions to avoid complicity in this wrongdoing.
50
Donnelly, Andrew Donovan. "Identity, morality and communicativeness: the principles of conscience." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12169.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
What is the conscience? In this thesis I argue that, contrary to received wisdom, the conscience is not simply the moral sense, or the capacity to make moral judgements. I argue that conscience cannot be analysed in terms of any individually necessary conditions. Conscience (or as it is sometimes called ‘conscientiousness’), is a cluster concept. It can be analysed in terms of three principles which do not necessitate some thought or act being conscientious but, rather, count in favour, of that thought or act being conscientious. The three principles of conscience are identity (‘conscientious identity’), morality and communicativeness. Over the course of the thesis I articulate an argument in favour of my account of conscience through reference to both historical accounts of conscience (such as the accounts of Bishop Butler, Kant and Heidegger) and to recent discussions in moral philosophy (including the work of Kimberley Brownlee, Michael Bratman and Marina Oshana). Ultimately, I argue, these three principles are the principles of conscience because they capture, in different ways, what is valuable about conscience; they capture what a right of conscience purports to protect.