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Статті в журналах з теми "Estuarine pollution"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 2 березня 2023

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1

Kolpakov, Nickolay V. "Anthropogenic pollution of estuaries in south Primorye: a review." Izvestiya TINRO 187, no. 4 (December 30, 2016): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2016-187-3-18.

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Cited data on anthropogenic pollution of the estuaries in south Primorye (northwestern coast of the Japan Sea) are briefly reviewed and analyzed. The estuaries are ranked by concentration of pollutants in the sewage disposed to the rivers and by integrated abiotic index calculated as the sum of toxicity in the bottom sediments and concentration of petrohydrocarbons in water and grounds. By these parameters, the oligohaline estuaries of big rivers as the Razdolnaya and Artemovka have the highest level of pollution, the mesohaline estuaries as the Tesnaya, Gladkaya, and Kievka have the intermediate rank of anthropogenic impact, and the polyhaline estuaries of small rivers as the Sukhodol, Shkotovka, Barabashevka, and Ryazanovka are low polluted. The estuarine ecosystems are generally well-adapted to high variability of environmental factors, and therefore are highly resistant to anthropogenic pollution. There is concluded that, despite of considerable pollution in some cases, dynamics of the estuaries dwellers abundance is determined mainly by natural factors, first of all by the volume of freshwater discharge, the estuarine ecosystems in Primorye function normally, and the state of their biological resources is sufficient. Thus, fishery, aquaculture, and recreations have at present good prospects in the estuaries and adjacent marine and river waters, in parallel with other economic activity, as hydraulic constructions, certainly under condition of all requirements of the nature protection legislation and with ecological monitoring. For these water bodies, technological and economic development can successively coexist with traditional nature management and wildlife preserving.

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2

Govender, Joelene, Trishan Naidoo, Anusha Rajkaran, Senzo Cebekhulu, Astika Bhugeloo, and Sershen Sershen. "Towards Characterising Microplastic Abundance, Typology and Retention in Mangrove-Dominated Estuaries." Water 12, no. 10 (October 9, 2020): 2802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102802.

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Plastic and, particularly, microplastic (MP) pollution is a growing research theme, dedicated largely to marine systems. Occurring at the land–sea interface, estuarine habitats such as mangroves are at risk of plastic pollution. This study compared MP pollution (level, morphotype, polymer composition, size and colour) across four South African estuaries, in relation to the built and natural environment. Mouth status, surrounding human population densities and land-use practices influenced the level and type of MP pollution. Systems that were most at risk were predominantly open estuaries surrounded by high population densities and diverse land use types. Microplastic levels and the diversity of types detected increased with increasing levels of anthropogenic disturbance. Overall, microfibres dominated in estuarine water (69%) and mangrove sediment (51%). Polyethylene (43%) and polypropylene (23%) were the dominant polymers overall. Weathered fishing gear, weathered packaging items and run-off from urban/industrial centres are probable sources of MP pollution. Increased run-off and river input during the wet/rainy season may explain the markedly higher MP loads in estuarine waters relative to the dry season. By contrast, MP deposition in mangrove sediment was higher during the dry season. Sediment MP abundance was significantly positively correlated with both pneumatophore density and sediment size (500–2000 µm). This study highlights the role of mangroves as MP sinks, which may limit movement of MPs into adjacent environments. However, under conditions such as flooding and extreme wave action, mangroves may shift from sinks to sources of plastic pollution.

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3

McCall, Grant S., Russell Greaves, Robert Hitchcock, Brian Ostahowski, Sherman W. Horn, and Muhammad I. Rehan. "The Estuarine Ecological Knowledge Network: Future Prospects." Marine Technology Society Journal 55, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 122–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.55.3.31.

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Abstract Estuaries are profoundly rich, diverse, and complex ecosystems, and crucial to the overall health of Earth's oceans. Estuarine ecological complexity is matched by tremendous human cultural diversity. In the United States, millions of people live in estuarine environments from the Gulf of Mexico to the Arctic—many of whom directly depend on the productivity of marine resources in both commercial and subsistence fishing activities. Yet, estuaries are also among Earth's most threatened landscapes against the backdrop of global warming, sea-level rise, agricultural and industrial pollution, habitat loss, overfishing, and so on. This represents a looming disaster for our oceans at a global scale. The Estuarine Ecological Knowledge Network (EEKN) is based on the idea that fishing communities living within major estuaries are the key to ensuring the health of global oceans. Coastal fishing communities have vast accumulations of ecological knowledge about the functioning of estuarine ecosystems and interact with those ecosystems in intimate ways on a daily basis. This network is designed to connect coastal communities in monitoring the health of estuarine ecosystems and in using traditional ecological knowledge to develop strategies for enhancing ecosystem health and resilience.

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4

McElroy, Anne E., W. B. Vernberg, A. Calabrese, F. P. Thurberg, and F. J. Vernberg. "Pollution Physiology of Estuarine Organisms." Estuaries 11, no. 1 (March 1988): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1351720.

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5

Wilkinson, M., C. M. Scanlan, and I. Tittley. "The attached algal flora of the estuary and Firth of Forth, Scotland." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 93, no. 3-4 (1987): 343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000006795.

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SynopsisA current intensive mapping scheme for Forth seaweeds shows the normal attenuation gradient of species going upstream in the estuary with the existence of two areas of species depletion in the firth, around Kirkcaldy and Edinburgh. Ordination of species presence data suggests the continuation of estuarine influence into the firth and the possibility of slight differences in composition of the flora between the north and south banks in the mid and inner firth. Impoverishment of the flora around Edinburgh since the 19th century can be ascribed to increased pollution, but possibly also, to a lesser degree, to shore reclamation. Following abatement of sewage pollution, differences in the recovery of the algal flora on different shores may be related to the nature of the pollution-induced animal community. Recent work on the upper estuarine flora of the many small, highly-stratified sub-estuaries of the Forth system has revealed a marked shore zonation pattern of smaller mat-forming species.

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6

Van Impe, J. "Estuarine pollution as a probable cause of increase of estuarine birds." Marine Pollution Bulletin 16, no. 7 (July 1985): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(85)90565-x.

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7

Beasley, E. L., M. A. Hiller, and R. B. Biggs. "Susceptibility of U.S. Estuaries to Pollution." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 6-7 (June 1, 1988): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0205.

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Utilizing data primarily from the U.S. Department of Commerce, both estuaries and watersheds for 78 U.S. systems are analyzed. Watersheds are classified according to total population and discrete subpopulations. The Vollenweider approach, which compares hydraulic loading to nutrient loading of lakes, is adapted to estuaries. By considering total population as a surrogate of point source nutrients, agricultural workers as a surrogate of non-point source toxics and nutrients and chemical + metal workers as a surrogate of point source toxics, we can estimate potential anthropogenic impacts on watersheds. When these surrogates are plotted against hydraulic loading, managers have a tool to identify estuaries most likely to be under greatest anthropogenic presaure. The estuaries with highest susceptibility from total population, as well as the estuaries with the the highest susceptibility to toxic stress, are identified. On a Vollenweider diagram, the phosphorous loadings of freshwater bodies are plotted as a function of hydraulic loading. The permissible-excessive phosphorous loadings have been both theoretically and empirically determined. We have replotted the freshwater data and added 33 U.S. estuary P loadings that were previously unavailable. Estuaries plot on the Vollenweider diagram as a continuum of fresh waterbodies, both in terms of hydraulic loading and phosphorus loading. Most estuaries appear to have permissible P loadings. Analysis of nutrient loading (normalized to hydraulic loading) versus water quality parameters like chlorophyll a indicates that estuaries are more efficient users of nutrients than are freshwater bodies, and that they reach a “nutrient saturation point”. Perhaps this is due to grazing or turbidity. It appears that, in general, the OECD eutrophication modeling approach is applicable to estuarine systems as well as lakes and impoundments.

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8

Bengani, R., and M. Gadhia. "APPRAISING THE WATER POLLUTION INDEX OF AN ESTUARIAL ENVIRONMENT." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 7, no. 4 (August 1, 2022): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v07i04.018.

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The WPI is an important tool to summarize a large number of water quality data into simple terms which is one of the most effective ways to interrelate information on water quality trends. The information generated can help to guide policy makers on effective restoration, conservation and management of water resources. In this technique the weightage for various water quality parameters is assigned to be inversely proportional to the recommended standards for the corresponding parameters. Estuaries represent productive aquatic habitats and are characterized by dynamic biogeochemical processes. Water quality loss in estuaries is, therefore, one of the worst forms of water pollution. For the analysis of water parameters, the water samples were collected and preserved in pre-rinsed plastic bottles at monthly intervals during June 2011–May 2013 for the period of two years from the Dumas vicinity of Tapi estuary. Temperature and pH were analyzed in situ and other parameters were analyzed as per standard references. The WPI in the studied area in the first year ranged between 1.2334 to 7.8266 whereas it varied from 1.797 to 6.439 in second year of the study. The higher value of WPI was observed during the month of December and January in the first year and in the month of December in the second year indicating high polluted nature of the estuary. The overall study revealed the polluted nature of the water ranging from mild to severe during different months in the studied area. It was observed that estuarine environment was polluted by the impact of anthropogenic as well as industrial activities. This study is important as understanding the ecological status of the estuarine habitats is imperative for successful environmental management and sustainable development.

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9

Delorenzo, Marie E. "Impacts of climate change on the ecotoxicology of chemical contaminants in estuarine organisms." Current Zoology 61, no. 4 (August 1, 2015): 641–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/61.4.641.

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Abstract Global climate change effects will vary geographically, and effects on estuaries should be independently considered. This review of the impacts of climate change on the ecotoxicology of chemical contaminants aims to summarize responses that are specific to estuarine species. Estuarine organisms are uniquely adapted to large fluctuations in temperature, salinity, oxygen, and pH, and yet future changes in climate may make them more susceptible to chemical contaminants. Recent research has highlighted the interactive effects of chemical and nonchemical stressors on chemical uptake, metabolism, and organism survival. Assessments have revealed that the nature of the interaction between climate variables and chemical pollution will depend on estuarine species and life stage, duration and timing of exposure, prior stressor exposure, and contaminant class. A need for further research to elucidate mechanisms of toxicity under different abiotic conditions and to incorporate climate change factors into toxicity testing was identified. These efforts will improve environmental risk assessment of chemical contaminants and management capabilities under changing climate conditions.

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10

da Silva, Renan B., Giovanni A. P. Dos Santos, Ana Luiza L. de Farias, Débora A. A. França, Raianne Amorim Cavalcante, Eliete Zanardi-Lamardo, Jose Roberto Botelho de Souza, and Andre M. Esteves. "Effects of PAHs on meiofauna from three estuaries with different levels of urbanization in the South Atlantic." PeerJ 10 (December 2, 2022): e14407. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14407.

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Estuarine environments are suggested to be the final receivers of human pollution and are impacted by surrounding urbanization and compounds carried by the river waters that flow from the continent. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the contaminants that can reach estuaries and can directly affect marine conservation, being considered highly deleterious to organisms living in these environments. This research investigated the meiofauna of three estuaries exposed to different levels of urbanization and consequently different levels of PAH concentrations, in order to assess how these compounds and environmental factors affect the distribution, structure and diversity of these interstitial invertebrates. A total of 15 major meiofauna groups were identified, with Nematoda being the dominant taxon (74.64%), followed by Copepoda (9.55%) and Polychaeta (8.56%). It was possible to observe significant differences in all diversity indices studied in the estuaries. With the exception of average density, the diversity indices (richness, Shannon index and evenness) were higher in the reference estuary, Goiana estuarine system (GES). On the other hand, the Timbó estuarine system (TES) had the lowest Shannon index value and richness, while the Capibaribe estuarine system (CES) had the lowest evenness value. The latter two estuaries (TES and CES) presented intermediate and high levels of urbanization, respectively. The ecological quality assessment (EcoQ) in the studied estuaries was classified from Poor to Moderate and the estuary with the lowest demographic density in its surroundings, GES, showed a better ecological quality (Moderate EcoQ). A significant distance-based multivariate linear modelling regression (DistLM) was observed between the environmental variables and the density of the meiobenthic community, where PAHs and pH were the main contributors to organism variation. The sediments were characterized by predominance of very fine sand and silt-clay in the most polluted environments, while the control site environment (GES) was dominated by medium grains. The highest concentrations of PAHs were found in the most urbanized estuaries, and directly affected the structure of the interstitial benthic community. The metrics used in the present study proved to be adequate for assessing the environmental quality of the investigated estuaries.

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11

Langston, W. J. "Practical handbook of estuarine and marine pollution." Environmental Pollution 99, no. 2 (1998): 291–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-7491(97)00189-9.

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12

Voudrias, Evangelos A., and Craig L. Smith. "Hydrocarbon pollution from marinas in estuarine sediments." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 22, no. 3 (March 1986): 271–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(86)90043-0.

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13

Costello, Mark J. "Estuarine ecotoxicology." Marine Pollution Bulletin 21, no. 1 (January 1990): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(90)90154-z.

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14

Kennish, Michael J. "Environmental threats and environmental future of estuaries." Environmental Conservation 29, no. 1 (March 2002): 78–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892902000061.

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Estuaries exhibit a wide array of human impacts that can compromise their ecological integrity, because of rapid population growth and uncontrolled development in many coastal regions worldwide. Long-term environmental problems plaguing estuaries require remedial actions to improve the viability and health of these valuable coastal systems. Detailed examination of the effects of pollution inputs, the loss and alteration of estuarine habitat, and the role of other anthropogenic stress indicates that water quality in estuaries, particularly urbanized systems, is often compromised by the overloading of nutrients and organic matter, the influx of pathogens, and the accumulation of chemical contaminants. In addition, the destruction of fringing wetlands and the loss and alteration of estuarine habitats usually degrade biotic communities. Estuaries are characterized by high population densities of microbes, plankton, benthic flora and fauna, and nekton; however, these organisms tend to be highly vulnerable to human activities in coastal watersheds and adjoining embayments. Trends suggest that by 2025 estuaries will be most significantly impacted by habitat loss and alteration associated with a burgeoning coastal population, which is expected to approach six billion people. Habitat destruction has far reaching ecological consequences, modifying the structure, function, and controls of estuarine ecosystems and contributing to the decline of biodiversity. Other anticipated high priority problems are excessive nutrient and sewage inputs to estuaries, principally from land-based sources. These inputs will lead to the greater incidence of eutrophication as well as hypoxia and anoxia. During the next 25 years, overfishing is expected to become a more pervasive and significant anthropogenic factor, also capable of mediating global-scale change to estuaries. Chemical contaminants, notably synthetic organic compounds, will remain a serious problem, especially in heavily industrialized areas. Freshwater diversions appear to be an emerging global problem as the expanding coastal population places greater demands on limited freshwater supplies for agricultural, domestic, and industrial needs. Altered freshwater flows could significantly affect nutrient loads, biotic community structure, and the trophodynamics of estuarine systems. Ecological impacts that will be less threatening, but still damaging, are those caused by introduced species, sea level rise, coastal subsidence, and debris/litter. Although all of these disturbances can alter habitats and contribute to shifts in the composition of estuarine biotic communities, the overall effect will be partial changes to these ecosystem components. Several strategies may mitigate future impacts.

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15

Randall, C. W. "The environmental, economic and societal consequences of inadequate nitrogen pollution controls." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 5-6 (March 1, 2004): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0733.

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Because adequate nutrient controls were not established in the USA and other countries when there were past opportunities to do so, nutrient pollution of estuaries and coastal waters has resulted in the impairment of ecosystems and major reductions or collapse of fisheries at numerous sites around the world, resulting in major economic and societal impacts. The root problem is that political policies and processes have permitted municipalities, developers, industries and farmers to expand and operate without paying the full cost of their activities. Their expanded activities have occurred at the expense and displacement of those who rely on the productivity and recreational value of our estuarine and coastal waters. Some governments have developed remedial nutrient control programs, but most of them have been poorly conceived, under funded and inadequately enforced, resulting in small increments of progress that tend to be lost because of inadequate land use and immigration controls. It is proposed that establishment of comprehensive nutrient controls is needed throughout the world to preserve and protect estuarine and coastal waters, and to protect or re-establish fisheries, for both economic and societal stability. Nitrogen is the key nutrient for the establishment of control strategies. It is recommended that nutrient recovery from wastewaters and controlled reuse of both water and nutrients be widely implemented as a part of nutrient control strategies.

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16

Ivar do Sul, Juliana A., and Monica F. Costa. "Plastic pollution risks in an estuarine conservation unit." Journal of Coastal Research 65 (January 2, 2013): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/si65-009.1.

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17

Mirlean, Nicolai, Vlad E. Andrus, Paulo Baisch, Gilberto Griep, and Maria R. Casartelli. "Arsenic pollution in Patos Lagoon estuarine sediments, Brazil." Marine Pollution Bulletin 46, no. 11 (November 2003): 1480–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-326x(03)00257-1.

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18

Fogg, G. E. "Estuarine and coastal pollution: Detection, research and control." Marine Pollution Bulletin 17, no. 11 (November 1986): 521–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(86)90645-4.

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19

Alve, E. "Benthic foraminiferal responses to estuarine pollution; a review." Journal of Foraminiferal Research 25, no. 3 (July 1, 1995): 190–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.25.3.190.

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20

Bourdeau, P., and H. Barth. "Estuarine, Coastal and Ocean Pollution: EEC Policy and Research." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 4-5 (April 1, 1986): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0175.

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This paper presents an overview of the policy and research of the European Community concerning estuarine, coastal and marine pollution. The structure and implementation of the European Community marine environmental policy, intended to combat the various types of pollution of the sea, and to protect the European waterways and the marine environment are described. Particular reference is made to actions dealing with oil pollution and other harmful chemical substances released into the sea. The environmental research programme, aimed at providing scientific support to the environmental policy of the European Community, addresses short-, mid- and long-term problems. Thus it deals mostly with pollution : its sources, detection, fate, pathways, environmental and genetic effects; and abatement and prevention of pollution by oil, wastes, fertilizers, heavy metals and other environmental chemicals. It is also increasingly concerned with improving the understanding of the functioning of estuarine, coastal and marine ecosystems. The future orientations of the Community's marine environmental policy and research are discussed. These will stress the preventive aspects of environmental protection.

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21

Fouet, Marie P. A., David Singer, Alexandra Coynel, Swann Héliot, Hélène Howa, Julie Lalande, Aurélia Mouret, Magali Schweizer, Guillaume Tcherkez, and Frans J. Jorissen. "Foraminiferal Distribution in Two Estuarine Intertidal Mudflats of the French Atlantic Coast: Testing the Marine Influence Index." Water 14, no. 4 (February 18, 2022): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14040645.

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This study focuses on the foraminiferal distribution on intertidal mudflats of two contrasted estuaries (Auray and Vie) along the French Atlantic coast. In both estuaries, the foraminiferal communities are dominated by Haynesina germanica and the Ammonia tepida group. Stations located near the outlets show a high diversity and abundance of species of the genus Elphidium. Stations in the inner estuary show a higher proportion of agglutinated species (Ammotium salsum, Ammobaculites agglutinans). Multivariate statistical analysis suggests that the distance to the sea and the percentage of fine sediment (<63 µm) are the two main parameters explaining the foraminiferal distribution. Chemical analyses of the sediment show that the two studied estuaries are not affected by major anthropogenic pollution, so that the faunas should mainly reflect the natural controlling parameters. Three indices of environmental quality commonly used in coastal areas show counter-intuitive differences between stations, suggesting that these indices may be less reliable for use in intertidal estuarine mudflats. The newly developed Marine Influence Index (MII) integrates three major ecological factors: the position of the sampling point on the salinity gradient, the emergence time at low tide and the relative importance of fresh water discharge. In our dataset, MII shows significant correlations with the controlling environmental parameters (distance to the sea, percentage grains < 63 µm), as well as with the foraminiferal patterns (PCA axis 1, species richness, percentage of Elphidium spp. and Quinqueloculina spp.). These results suggest that the MII explains a substantial part of the faunal variability on estuarine intertidal mudflats, and can be used to detect deviations from the natural distribution patterns in response to anthropogenic pollution.

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22

Li, Ye, Xinran Liu, Min Liu, Xiaofei Li, Qing Wang, Junmin Zhu, and Abdul Qadeer. "Distribution, sources and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the estuarine–coastal sediments in the East China Sea." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 19, no. 4 (2017): 561–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7em00016b.

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23

Milne, R. A., P. C. Nicholas, C. Pattinson, and W. Halcrow. "The Definition of Effluent Discharge Consent Conditions in Complex Estuarine Environments." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 4-5 (April 1, 1986): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0202.

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The Welsh Water Authority puts considerable emphasis upon the scientific determination of discharge consents through which it controls coastal pollution. It also pursues a policy which encourages the effective use of estuarine and coastal capacity to assimilate effluents. Conflict between environmental protection and cost-effective effluent disposal is minimised by concentrating upon the relationships between environmental quality objective (E.Q.O.), environmental quality standard (E.Q.S.) and discharge consent. Welsh Water has devoted considerable resources to the understanding and prediction of these relationships in estuaries and has developed a protocol for consent setting. This protocol is described and illustrated with examples from recent work on the Loughor and Dee estuaries in Wales. Desk study, specialised investigations and mathematical modelling techniques are integrated to identify critical processes in the dispersal, degradation and biological impact of pollutants. These are modelled to predict effluent behaviour for various discharge regimes, allowing a flexible approach to the selection of a consent.

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24

Mahajan, B. A., and M. Srinivasan. "Mercury pollution in the estuarine region around Bombay Island." Environmental Technology Letters 9, no. 4 (April 1988): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593338809384574.

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25

Elliott, M., A. H. Griffiths, and C. J. L. Taylor. "The role of fish studies in estuarine pollution assessment." Journal of Fish Biology 33, sa (December 1988): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1988.tb05558.x.

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26

Dutrieux, E., F. Martin, and O. Guelorget. "Oil pollution and polychaeta in an estuarine mangrove community." Oil and Chemical Pollution 5, no. 4 (January 1989): 239–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-8579(89)80014-0.

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27

Sindermann, Carl J. "BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ESTUARINE/COASTAL POLLUTION." Journal of the American Water Resources Association 24, no. 5 (October 1988): 931–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb03007.x.

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28

Wang, Wen-Xiong, Ke Pan, Qiaoguo Tan, Laodong Guo, and Stuart L. Simpson. "Estuarine Pollution of Metals in China: Science and Mitigation." Environmental Science & Technology 48, no. 17 (August 21, 2014): 9975–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es503549b.

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29

McLusky, Donald S. "Marine and estuarine gradients." Marine Pollution Bulletin 24, no. 1 (January 1992): 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(92)90318-z.

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30

Vane, Christopher H., Grenville H. Turner, Simon R. Chenery, Martin Richardson, Mark C. Cave, Ricky Terrington, Charles J. B. Gowing, and Vicky Moss-Hayes. "Trends in heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls and toxicity from sediment cores of the inner River Thames estuary, London, UK." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 22, no. 2 (2020): 364–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9em00430k.

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31

McCall, Grant S., Anthony Akpan, Doru Banaduc, Diego Figueroa, Nelson Fontoura, Robert Hitchcock, Sherman Horn, Devashish Kar, and Thong Tran. "The Estuarine Ecological Knowledge Network Makes Progress: International Project Sites and Potential Ways Forward." Marine Technology Society Journal 56, no. 3 (June 8, 2022): 116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.56.3.28.

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Abstract The Estuarine Ecological Knowledge Network (EEKN) brings together scientists and coastal fishing communities in seeking new ways forward for Earth's major river deltas and estuaries, including the Mississippi (United States), Rio Grande (United States), Danube (Romania/Ukraine), Ganges (India/Bangladesh), Niger (Nigeria), and Mekong (Vietnam) river deltas, and the Patos Lagoon (Brazil). Such environments are universally understood as crucial for the biological productivity of oceans and they are home to hundreds of millions of human inhabitants, many of whom directly depend on that marine richness in terms of the operation of their socioeconomic systems. As human-induced climate change and its consequences for Earth's oceans and coastlines increases, estuarine ecosystems are particularly threatened by problems such as sea-level rise, coastal erosion, saltwater intrusion, and increased impacts from tropical storms. These problems are often amplified by human dynamics of environmental degradation, including overfishing, pollution, and large-scale landscape modification projects. The EEKN is designed to enhance communication and cooperation between fishing communities, scientists, and policy makers in learning about the complexity of both ecological and socioeconomic systems in estuaries and deltas, and in developing more effective policy for managing fisheries, protecting and restoring coastlines, and increasing the resilience of coastal communities.

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32

Seriani, Robson, Denis Moledo de Souza Abessa, Camilo D. S. Pereira, Aline A. Kirschbaum, Andrea Assunção, and Maria José T. Ranzani-Paiva. "Influence of seasonality and pollution on the hematological parameters of the estuarine fish Centropomus parallelus." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 61, no. 2 (June 2013): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592013000200003.

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This study investigated the hematological parameters of the tropical estuarine fish Centropomus parallelus and their use as a non-destructive biomarker for aquatic pollution. Individuals were collected, in summer and winter, at two estuaries, Cananéia (CAN) and São Vicente (SVE), and blood was extracted by caudal puncture. The evaluated parameters were hematocrit (Ht), red blood cells (RBC), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), and the leukocyte (WBC) and thrombocyte counts. Fishes from CAN showed higher values of absolute number of thrombocytes in the summer. The fishes from SVE presented lower values of Ht and MCV in winter. Comparing the hematological parameters of fishes from these two sites, Ht, MCV, WBC and RBC were higher in fishes from SVE in the summer, whereas during the winter, Ht and thrombocytes were higher in animals from SVE. The results allow attributing the changes in the blood of fishes to seasonality and the presence of contaminants.

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33

Li, Xiaojun, Yanping Zhao, Guoxiang Wang, Ruiming Han, Xinyi Dang, Zhuoran Li, Jiafeng Ren, and Chenxi Gao. "Sedimentary nitrogen fractions and source assignment from different inflows to a receiving lake." Water Supply 20, no. 5 (May 25, 2020): 1950–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2020.106.

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Abstract The spatial distribution of the sediment nitrogen in ten typical estuaries of Lake Taihu was determined. A simple quantitative estimation model and principal component analysis (PCA) method were applied to find the source and major factors of estuarine sediment nitrogen loading. The average concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), organic nitrogen (Org-N), ammonium nitrogen and nitrate-nitrogen in the sediments of the ten estuaries were 1315.5, 1220.1, 82.53 and 6.45 mg/kg, with the organic fraction dominating. Results showed a significant difference for the TN concentration in sediments of different estuaries, which was mainly caused by geographical location, land use type and vegetation restoration measures. An important result was that sediment nitrogen in 80% of the estuaries was mainly originated from autochthonous algae and presettled organic matter, although there has been continuous pollution input from inflow rivers. The source estimation results found that the autochthonous aquaculture excretion, algae and hydrophyte debris and buried biodetritus accounted for 58.9% of the total nitrogen loading, which dominated the nitrogen sources compared with the pollution input. In addition, the PCA method was used to find that phosphorus loading and redox conditions were the major limiting factors affecting the distribution of inorganic and , respectively.

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34

Finley, Megan A., Simon C. Courtenay, Kevin L. Teather, and Michael R. van den Heuvel. "Assessment of Northern Mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus macrolepidotus) as an Estuarine Pollution Monitoring Species." Water Quality Research Journal 44, no. 4 (November 1, 2009): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2009.033.

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Abstract The use of multiple spawning fishes in environmental effects monitoring programs has proven difficult for a number of reasons including the inability to predict reproductive investment and ensure synchronous sampling of reference and impacted populations. The estuarine resident northern mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus macrolepidotus) has been successfully used as a sentinel for effects of pulp and paper mill effluents in Atlantic Canada and has been proposed for monitoring other anthropogenic impacts. This study investigated the spatial and temporal variability of the somatic parameters used to describe fish performance, specifically measures of energy use and storage, in estuaries located in Prince Edward Island, Canada. Three sites with varying levels of agricultural input were studied. Fish at all sites depleted their energy reserves over winter, as reflected in depressed condition, liver size, and gonad size, but then quickly replenished them in May. These population parameters were highly variable throughout the reproductive season and within an estuary. Spawning was continuous at all sites without indication of lunar or other periodicity. We conclude that repeated sampling is required to assess reproductive output in the northern mummichog and densities of adults and young-of-the-year deserve further investigation as a potentially less logistically demanding indicator of eutrophication.

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35

Lawrence, Andrew, and Carl Poulter. "The potential role of the estuarine amphipod Gammarus duebeni in sub-lethal ecotoxicology testing." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 7-8 (October 1, 1996): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0606.

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The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of Gammarus duebeni as an indicator of estuarine pollution. This involved the development of sub-lethal pollution bioassays monitoring respiration rate, swimming efficiency and precopula pairing; assessment of the sensitivity of the assays to copper pollution and comparison of the suitability of the assays. Significant impairment of respiration rate, as measured by changes in pleopod beat, was determined at a copper concentration of 600 μg 1−1. Significant impairment to swimming ability was determined after exposure to copper pollution at a concentration of 600 μg 1−1 and precopula pairing was significantly reduced at a concentration of 600 μg 1−1. Of the assays, swimming efficiency and pleopod beat frequency appear to offer the most potential for further development. The lower limit of sensitivity of the bioassays developed in this study is yet to be determined. However, the levels of copper shown to induce an effect can be experienced in the natural environment. The study has shown thatGammarus duebeni can be used in sub-lethal pollution assays, at relatively high Cu concentrations, and indicates that it is potentially a useful species with which to assess estuarine water and sediment pollution.

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36

Herut, Barak, Yaron Gertner, Yael Segal, Guy Sisma-Ventura, Nurit Gordon, Natalia Belkin, and Eyal Rahav. "Long-Term (2002–2021) Trend in Nutrient-Related Pollution at Small Stratified Inland Estuaries, the Kishon SE Mediterranean Case." Water 15, no. 3 (January 25, 2023): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15030484.

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Nutrient pollution may negatively affect the water quality and ecological status of rivers and estuaries worldwide, specifically in stratified and small inland estuaries. We present a long-term, two-decade data set of dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll-a (chl-a), dissolved oxygen (DO), and potentially toxic algal cell concentrations at the Kishon River estuary (Israel) as a case study for assessing nutrient ecological thresholds in such type of estuaries, prevalent along the Mediterranean coast of Israel. In-situ measurements and water samples were collected at 3 permanent stations at the lower part of the estuary every March and October/November in 40 campaigns over the years 2002 to 2021. In spite of an improvement in nutrient loads and concentrations as recorded over the last 2 decades, the nutrient and chl-a levels at the Kishon estuary surface water represent mostly a ‘bad’ or ‘moderate’ ecological state, considering the recommended thresholds discussed in this study. It is suggested to develop a combined suite of nutrient and biological variables for assessing Good Environmental Status (GES), considering the relatively high residence time of such small, low-flow estuarine water bodies.

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37

Wilkinson, Martin, Ian Fuller, and Fiona Lees. "The Potential of Attached Algal Communities as Estuarine Pollution Indicators." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 4-5 (April 1, 1986): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0263.

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Monserrat, José M., Pablo E. Martínez, Laura A. Geracitano, Lílian Lund Amado, Camila Martinez Gaspar Martins, Grasiela Lopes Leães Pinho, Isabel Soares Chaves, Marlize Ferreira-Cravo, Juliane Ventura-Lima, and Adalto Bianchini. "Pollution biomarkers in estuarine animals: Critical review and new perspectives." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 146, no. 1-2 (July 2007): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.08.012.

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39

Pearce, John B., and Linda Despres-Patanjo. "A review of monitoring strategies and assessments of estuarine pollution." Aquatic Toxicology 11, no. 3-4 (January 1988): 323–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-445x(88)90082-3.

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40

Punchihewa, N. N., S. R. Krishnarajah, and P. Vinobaba. "Mysid (Crustacea: Mysidacea) Distribution in the Bolgoda Estuarine System and Lunawa Lagoon, Sri Lanka." International Journal of Environment 6, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v6i1.16865.

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Mysids are one of the most abundant and important fauna in estuarine hyperbenthic communities. They form important links in estuarine food chains and play a critical role in the cycling of energy within estuarine systems. Therefore, it is important to recognize the distribution of estuarine mysids in Sri Lanka. The present study was undertaken in Bolgoda estuarine system and Lunawa lagoon, in order to find out the distribution of mysids in these brackish water systems. Reconnaissance surveys were conducted, in Bolgoda North Lake, Panadura estuary of the Bolgoda estuarine system and the Lunawa lagoon from April 2012 to February 2013. The samples were collected using a hand held dip net, during day time at low tide along an eighty meter transect at the boundary of the estuarine waters. Mesopodopsis zeylanica was the only mysid species observed from the low water areas of the lagoon along the boundary of the stream. In each collection, it was recorded, higher percentages of females than the males. Mysids were recoded only from unpolluted areas and they were absent, where Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) was widespread. The findings of this analysis could be used to establish the fact that boundary condition and polluted condition are having a great effect on presence of mysids. It may be due to their specific niche requirements and specialized habitats. Accordingly, mysids serve as pollution indicator species in estuarine ecosystems. An immediate management strategy is required in protecting the Bolgoda estuarine systems from dumping household pollutants as well as other pollutants and complete elimination of the invader plants like E. crassipes, in order to protect estuarine biodiversity.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT Volume-6, Issue-1, Dec-Feb 2016/17, page: 23-30

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41

Wellershaus, Stefan. "Mud accumulation in estuarine channels ‐ a question of dredging?" Environmental Technology Letters 7, no. 1-12 (January 1986): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593338609384410.

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42

Hwang, Soonho, Sang-Min Jun, Jung-Hun Song, Kyeung Kim, Hakkwan Kim, and Moon-Seong Kang. "Application of the SWAT-EFDC Linkage Model for Assessing Water Quality Management in an Estuarine Reservoir Separated by Levees." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (April 26, 2021): 3911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11093911.

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Estuarine reservoirs are available for use in various water resource systems. In agriculture, supplying irrigation water that meets water quality standards is essential for food safety. This study focused on the Ganwol estuarine reservoir in the midwestern region of South Korea, which suffers from water quality deterioration problems. To explore the water quality improvement in an estuarine reservoir, it is essential to understand the characteristics of water quality changes in the reservoir following water pollution control management. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of water quality management on the estuarine reservoir, which is separated by levees, using the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT)-environmental fluid dynamics code (EFDC) linkage model. In this study, soil remediation by dredging the reservoir’s bottom soil and effluent control from public sewage treatment works were considered as the water management plans. The results of this study indicate that reducing the internal load of the reservoir increases internal resilience and reducing the external inflow load decreases the impact on the system. Hence, comprehensive measures are effective in improving water quality.

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Lonsdale, Jemma, Rose Nicholson, Keith Weston, Michael Elliott, Andrew Birchenough, and Roxana Sühring. "A user's guide to coping with estuarine management bureaucracy: An Estuarine Planning Support System (EPSS) tool." Marine Pollution Bulletin 127 (February 2018): 463–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.032.

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44

Carmona Rodrigues, A., M. Cardoso da Silva, A. Câmara, T. Faria Fernandes, and J. Gomes Ferreira. "Dispersion Modelling for a Complex Estuary – The Case of the Tagus." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 6-7 (June 1, 1988): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0212.

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Estuarine dispersion models have been commonly used to define the pollutant loads permissible to achieve pre-defined water quality levels and improve our knowledge of estuarine phenomena. Those models for large estuaries with complex hydrodynamic and ecological processes usually have extremely high running times. This paper presents an approach based on the use of increasingly complex models, which attempts to circumvent the problem of initial lack of data, as well as to give some initial insight into the processes of the Tagus Estuary, within acceptable levels of precision. As a first stage, simple models were developed and applied to the estuary, one of the largest in Europe, with more than 300 sources of pollution and intensive use for recreation, fishing, and navigation. The computational exercises undertaken with these models were also used to accumulate information on the response of the Tagus Estuary to a number of forcing conditions. This information, synthesized in ‘if … then' rules, was integrated to form a data base on the estuary, which is currently being developed. The data base will organize existing information and, providing that learning mechanisms are included, it will also create new knowledge, as well as supplying the complex models under development with reasonable initial values.

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45

Parveen, Salina, Kenneth M. Portier, Kevin Robinson, Lee Edmiston, and Mark L. Tamplin. "Discriminant Analysis of Ribotype Profiles of Escherichia coli for Differentiating Human and Nonhuman Sources of Fecal Pollution." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 7 (July 1, 1999): 3142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.7.3142-3147.1999.

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ABSTRACT Estuarine waters receive fecal pollution from a variety of sources, including humans and wildlife. Escherichia coli is a ubiquitous bacterium in the intestines of warm-blooded animals and is used as an indicator of fecal pollution. However, its presence does not specifically differentiate sources of pollution. A total of 238E. coli isolates from human sources (HS) and nonhuman sources (NHS) were collected from the Apalachicola National Estuarine Research Reserve, from associated sewage treatment plants, and directly from animals and tested for ribotype (RT) profile. HS and NHS isolates showed 41 and 61 RT profiles, respectively. At a similarity index of ca. 50%, HS and NHS isolates demonstrated four clusters, with the majority of HS and NHS isolates located in clusters C and D; isolates obtained directly from human and animal feces also could be grouped within these clusters. Discriminant analysis (DA) of RT profiles showed that 97% of the NHS isolates and 100% of the animal fecal isolates were correctly classified. The average rate of correct classification for HS and NHS isolates was 82%. We conclude that DA of RT profiles may be a useful method for identifying HS and NHS fecal pollution and may potentially facilitate management practices.

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46

Sharifi, A. R., I. W. Croudace, and R. L. Austin. "Benthic foraminiferids as pollution indicators in Southampton Water, southern England, U.K." Journal of Micropalaeontology 10, no. 1 (August 1, 1991): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.10.1.109.

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Abstract. A study of heavy metals in estuarine sediments and foraminiferal tests along with foraminiferal distributions from Southampton Water indicates that:a) heavy metals have a marked effect upon foraminiferid distribution. Some species are able to tolerate pollution and their relative abundance increases at discharge points, whereas other species develop test deformities. Investigation of cores show that no deformed specimens exist within sediments prior to the introduction of pollution.b) deformed specimens contain higher levels of elements such as Cu and Zn than non-deformed specimens. This indicates that heavy metals may be responsible for the abnormalities within foraminiferid tests. Culture experiments support this hypothesis. Specimens of Ammonia beccarii (Linné) developed abnormal chambers over a period of 12 weeks within a culture medium containing 10–20ppb of Cu.

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47

El-Sebae, A. H. "Egyptian Mediterranean Coastal and Estuarine Pollution by Pesticides and Heavy Metals." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 4-5 (April 1, 1986): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0219.

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48

Watson, Elizabeth Burke, Elisabeth Powell, Nicole P. Maher, Autumn J. Oczkowski, Bhanu Paudel, Adam Starke, Katelyn Szura, and Cathleen Wigand. "Indicators of nutrient pollution in Long Island, New York, estuarine environments." Marine Environmental Research 134 (March 2018): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.01.003.

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49

Brack, Karin, and Rodney Stevens. "Historical pollution trends in a disturbed, estuarine sedimentary environment, SW Sweden." Environmental Geology 40, no. 8 (June 1, 2001): 1017–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540100294.

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50

Wetz, Michael S., and David W. Yoskowitz. "An ‘extreme’ future for estuaries? Effects of extreme climatic events on estuarine water quality and ecology." Marine Pollution Bulletin 69, no. 1-2 (April 2013): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.01.020.

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