Статті в журналах: "Estuarine fish health"

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Hutton, Sara J., Scott J. St. Romain, Emily I. Pedersen, Samreen Siddiqui, Patrick E. Chappell, J. Wilson White, Kevin L. Armbrust, and Susanne M. Brander. "Salinity Alters Toxicity of Commonly Used Pesticides in a Model Euryhaline Fish Species (Menidia beryllina)." Toxics 9, no. 5 (May 20, 2021): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9050114.

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Changing salinity in estuaries due to sea level rise and altered rainfall patterns, as a result of climate change, has the potential to influence the interactions of aquatic pollutants as well as to alter their toxicity. From a chemical property point of view, ionic concentration can increase the octanol–water partition coefficient and thus decrease the water solubility of a compound. Biologically, organism physiology and enzyme metabolism are also altered at different salinities with implications for drug metabolism and toxic effects. This highlights the need to understand the influence of salinity on pesticide toxicity when assessing risk to estuarine and marine fishes, particularly considering that climate change is predicted to alter salinity regimes globally and many risk assessments and regulatory decisions are made using freshwater studies. Therefore, we exposed the Inland Silverside (Menidia beryllina) at an early life stage to seven commonly used pesticides at two salinities relevant to estuarine waters (5 PSU and 15 PSU). Triadimefon was the only compound to show a statistically significant increase in toxicity at the 15 PSU LC50. However, all compounds showed a decrease in LC50 values at the higher salinity, and all but one showed a decrease in the LC10 value. Many organisms rely on estuaries as nurseries and increased toxicity at higher salinities may mean that organisms in critical life stages of development are at risk of experiencing adverse, toxic effects. The differences in toxicity demonstrated here have important implications for organisms living within estuarine and marine ecosystems in the Anthropocene as climate change alters estuarine salinity regimes globally.

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Leal Filho, Walter, Gustavo J. Nagy, Filipe Martinho, Mustafa Saroar, Mónica Gómez Erache, Ana Lígia Primo, Miguel A. Pardal, and Chunlan Li. "Influences of Climate Change and Variability on Estuarine Ecosystems: An Impact Study in Selected European, South American and Asian Countries." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010585.

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It is well-known that climate change significantly impacts ecosystems (at the macro-level) and individual species (at the micro-level). Among the former, estuaries are the most vulnerable and affected ecosystems. However, despite the strong relations between climate change and estuaries, there is a gap in the literature regarding international studies across different regions investigating the impacts of climate change and variability on estuaries in different geographical zones. This paper addresses this need and reviews the impacts of climate change, variability and extreme weather on estuaries. It emphasises the following: (i) a set of climate parameters governing estuarine hydrology and processes; and (ii) a sample of countries in Asia (Bangladesh), Europe (Portugal) and South America (Uruguay). We reviewed the influences of the climatic drivers of the estuarine hydrology, ecological processes and specific species in estuarine communities across the selected geographical regions, along with an analysis of their long-term implications. The key results from the three estuaries are as following: (i) Hilsa fish, of which the catches contribute to 10% of the total earnings of the fishery sector (1% of GDP), are affected by climate-forced hydrological and productivity changes in the Meghna; (ii) extreme droughts and short-term severe precipitation have driven the long-term abundance and spatial distribution of both fish larvae and juveniles/adults in the Mondego; and (iii) the river inflow and fluctuations increases since the early 1970s have contributed to variations in the salinity, the stratification, the oxygen, nutrient and trophic levels and the spatial pattern for the life stages of planktonic species, fish biomass and captures in the Rio de la Plata. The results suggested that immediate action is needed to reduce the vulnerability of estuaries to climate stressors, mainly the changing river flows, storms and sea-level rise. As a contribution to addressing current problems, we described a set of adaptation strategies to foster climate resilience and adaptive capacity (e.g., early-warning systems, dam management to prevent overflows and adaptive fisheries management). The implications of this paper are two-fold. Firstly, it showcases a variety of problems that estuaries face from changing climate conditions. Secondly, the paper outlines the need for suitable adaptive management strategies to safeguard the integrity of such vital ecosystems.

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Kim, Jun-Wan, Kyu-Jin Kim, Beom-Myeong Choi, Kyung-Lak Lee, Min-Ho Jang, and Ju-Duk Yoon. "The Application of a Fish-Based Multi-Metric Index for the Assessment of Ecological Qualities of Estuaries in the Korean Peninsula." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 15, 2022): 11608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811608.

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Brackish water zones are areas with high ecological conservation value. In this study, 325 river estuaries in the Korean peninsula in individual sea areas (West Sea, South Sea, and East Sea) were divided into types of estuaries (upstream and downstream of open estuaries, closed estuaries) through the assessment of the health of the estuary aquatic ecosystems and fish communities were identified. An ecological assessment was carried out using the Korea Estuary Fish Assessment Index (KEFAI). The number of species increased as the size of the river increased in the case of small estuaries but gradually decreased in the case of large estuaries. In the closed estuaries, the relative abundances (RAs) of primary freshwater fish were the highest; however, in the open estuaries, the RAs of estuary fish were the highest. Non-metric dimensional analysis results suggested that there was a clear difference between the fish assemblages in the closed and open estuaries. The overall results of this study were that the RA of tolerant species was higher, and KEFAI was lower in closed estuaries than in open estuaries, indicating the negative effects of the construction of transverse structures on fish assemblages. The health of these estuarine ecosystems can be improved by addressing these negative effects.

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Lu, I.-Cheng, How-Ran Chao, Wan-Nurdiyana-Wan Mansor, Chun-Wei Peng, Yi-Chyun Hsu, Tai-Yi Yu, Wei-Hsiang Chang, and Lung-Ming Fu. "Levels of Phthalates, Bisphenol-A, Nonylphenol, and Microplastics in Fish in the Estuaries of Northern Taiwan and the Impact on Human Health." Toxics 9, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9100246.

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Due to the sparsity in knowledge, we investigated the presence of various estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EEDCs), including phthalates (PAEs), bisphenol-A (BPA), and nonylphenol (NP), as well as microplastics (MPs) in samples of the most widely consumed fish collected from different estuaries in northern Taiwan. We then proceeded to determine the likely contribution that this exposure has on the potential for health impacts in humans following consumption of the fish. Six hundred fish caught from five river estuaries (producing 130 pooled samples) were analyzed to determine how different factors (such as the river, benthic, pelagic, and migratory species) influence EEDCs’ contamination and the possible impacts on human health following typical consumption patterns. The predominant EEDCs was diethyl phthalates (DEP), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalates (DEHP), and di-iso-nonylphthalate (DINP) in fish, present at 52.9 ± 77.3, 45.3 ± 79.8, and 42.5 ± 79.3 ng/g dry weight (d.w.), respectively. Residual levels of NP, BPA, and MPs in the fish were 17.4 ± 29.1 and 1.50 ± 2.20 ng/g d.w. and 0.185 ± 0.338 mg/g d.w., respectively. EEDCs and MPs levels varied widely among the five river estuaries sampled due, in part, to differences in habitat types and the associated diversity of fish species sampled. For DEP, the Lao-Jie River and pelagic environments produced the most severely contaminated fish species, respectively. DEP residues were also associated with the burden of MPs in the fish. Based on our analysis, we predict no substantial direct human health risk by EEDCs based on typical consumption rates of estuarine fish by the Taiwanese people. However, other sources of EEDC exposure cannot be ignored.

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Priji, V. S., R. Karuppasamy, and G. Prasad. "The Occurrence of Microplastics in the Gut Contents of Selected Estuarine Fishes of Southern Kerala, India." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 44, no. 14 (July 20, 2023): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2023/v44i143559.

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This extensive study intends to assess the abundances of microplastics in estuarine fishes and to examine the spatial and temporal fluctuations in microplastic pollution in selected estuarine ecosystems, including those of the Thiruvananthapuram and Kollam districts. The presence of microplastics (those having a diameter of less than 5 mm) in the estuarine environment is a growing cause for alarm on both a national and international scale. To investigate this, between February 2020 and January 2022, we surveyed the seasonal deposition of microplastics in the stomachs of some estuarine fishes in Southern Kerala. Microplastics came in many forms that we were able to positively identify as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), and others. Microplastics were extracted from fish samples taken at 16 sites across two years and categorised according to size, colour, type and polymer content. Microfibers of less than 1 mm in length were the most common type of microplastic discovered in fish; they likely originated in domestic washing machines or garbage. Fish in Southern Kerala may be at greater risk of contamination since microplastics are more readily available there than in most other studies across the world. To better understand the risks to fish and create effective control methods to prevent plastic usage and minimise its influence on the aquatic environment, we advocate for more research on microplastic collecting in estuarine environments. Elemental analysis of sediment samples gathered from these sites. The objective of this study is to identify the toxic elements may potentially be transmitted to fish through microplastics and humans eat plastic-tainted fish and are exposed to plastic particles which causes various health problems.

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Gabriel, Fabrício Â., Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis, Lorena Soares, Ana Carolina A. Mazzuco, Rafael Christian Chavez Rocha, Tatiana D. Saint Pierre, Enrico Saggioro, Fabio Verissimo Correia, Tiago O. Ferreira, and Angelo F. Bernardino. "Contamination and oxidative stress biomarkers in estuarine fish following a mine tailing disaster." PeerJ 8 (October 28, 2020): e10266. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10266.

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Background The Rio Doce estuary, in Brazil, was impacted by the deposition of iron mine tailings, caused by the collapse of a dam in 2015. Based on published baseline datasets, the estuary has been experiencing chronic trace metal contamination effects since 2017, with potential bioaccumulation in fishes and human health risks. As metal and metalloid concentrations in aquatic ecosystems pose severe threats to the aquatic biota, we hypothesized that the trace metals in estuarine sediments nearly two years after the disaster would lead to bioaccumulation in demersal fishes and result in the biosynthesis of metal-responsive proteins. Methods We measured As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Se and Zn concentrations in sediment samples in August 2017 and compared to published baseline levels. Also, trace metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, Se and Zn) and protein (metallothionein and reduced glutathione) concentrations were quantified in the liver and muscle tissues of five fish species (Cathorops spixii, Genidens genidens, Eugerres brasilianus, Diapterus rhombeus and Mugil sp.) from the estuary, commonly used as food sources by local populations. Results Our results revealed high trace metal concentrations in estuarine sediments, when compared to published baseline values for the same estuary. The demersal fish species C. spixii and G. genidens had the highest concentrations of As, Cr, Mn, Hg, and Se in both, hepatic and muscle, tissues. Trace metal bioaccumulation in fish was correlated with the biosynthesis of metallothionein and reduced glutathione in both, liver and muscle, tissues, suggesting active physiological responses to contamination sources. The trace metal concentrations determined in fish tissues were also present in the estuarine sediments at the time of this study. Some elements had concentrations above the maximum permissible limits for human consumption in fish muscles (e.g., As, Cr, Mn, Se and Zn), suggesting potential human health risks that require further studies. Our study supports the high biogeochemical mobility of toxic elements between sediments and the bottom-dwelling biota in estuarine ecosystems.

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Yang, Shaochen, Kaifeng Sun, Jinling Liu, Nan Wei, and Xing Zhao. "Comparison of Pollution Levels, Biomagnification Capacity, and Risk Assessments of Heavy Metals in Nearshore and Offshore Regions of the South China Sea." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (September 27, 2022): 12248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912248.

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Seawater and fish were collected from nearshore (Pearl River Estuarine, PRE) and offshore (middle of the South China Sea, MSCS) regions of the South China Sea (SCS) to determine the heavy metals (HMs) pollution status and biomagnification characteristics. Results show that Cu in PRE seawater was moderately contaminated. Overall pollution risk of seawater were PRE (3.32) > MSCS (0.56), whereas that of fish was MSCS (0.88) > PRE (0.42). δ13C and δ15N exhibited distinguished characteristics for PRE and MSCS fish, indicating the diverse energy sources, nitrogen sources, and food web structures of nearshore and offshore regions. Cu was biomagnified whereas Pb and Ni were biodiluted in offshore fish. Hg presented significant biomagnification in both of nearshore and offshore fish. Finally, the target hazard quotient of Hg (1.41) in MSCS fish exceeded the standard limit, which was posed by high Hg concentration and consumption rate of offshore fish.

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Bucke, D. "Aquatic pollution: effects on the health of fish and shellfish." Parasitology 106, S1 (January 1993): S25—S37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000086091.

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SUMMARYAs there is little evidence of pollution affecting the health of fish and shellfish on a global scale, this paper attempts to put into perspective the pollution/fish disease relationship by reviewing examples of studies and reports in the historic and current literature. Although there is no dispute that pollution can affect the health of aquatic organisms under laboratory conditions and may be responsible for the decline of populations of such animals in some inland waters and some estuaries, most of the evidence for pollution causing or increasing disease in fish in open waters is circumstantial. Historical data proves that almost all fish and shellfish diseases known today have been described since the end of the last century. However, it is also known that water pollution, especially in inland waters, has for the past 400-500 years been the result of urbanization and industrialization. This has resulted in some major rivers becoming devoid of or deficient in fish stocks. The concern that pollution may influence the health status of fish and shellfish stocks has increased over the past 20 years. Initial attention was paid to epidermal diseases, including fin-rot in demersal fish, and protozoan diseases in molluscs in the heavily polluted bays and estuaries in North America. As the interest in this subject spread, it became political, and often controversial, especially amongst the North Sea countries. The disagreements have largely been settled amongst scientists because international bodies, such as the International Council for Exploration of the Sea (ICES), established workshops to investigate sampling methods and disease-reporting techniques. Recommendations from those workshops have contributed to some form of standardization for field work and the subject, although largely subjective, has some objective approaches which are described. As there are variable, interacting biological and physical influences in the aquatic environment, it is difficult to establish the background prevalences of diseases in populations offish and shellfish. Examples of the influences of climatic changes are presented, and these show that short-term catastrophes can be directly related. However, a more long-term problem is water acidification resulting largely from anthropogenic activities. In parts of Scandinavia this has, and is, leading to decimation offish stocks in inland waters. In general, diseases in fish and shellfish are very localized, but there is concern amongst scientists that certain cancers, especially liver tumours, occurring in demersal fish inhabiting polluted estuarine and coastal waters, are related to the release of chemicals, e.g. hydrocarbons, pesticides and heavy metals. This subject is discussed in detail, with examples of the author's own studies in North Sea fish. It is concluded that cancers in fish are of extremely low prevalence, and only present in a very few species, and then only in the oldest animals. Though changes in disease pattern may well be an indication of adverse environmental effects, further research is necessary for conclusive evidence.

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Zhang, Chaonan, Shaodan Wang, Di Sun, Zhengkun Pan, and Jixing Zou. "Investigation of Microplastics in Surface Water and Estuarine Mullet Mugil cephalus from 23 Estuary Areas, South China." Sustainability 15, no. 5 (February 25, 2023): 4193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054193.

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Microplastics, which are defined as small plastic particles smaller than 5 mm, have been found in various aquatic environments all over the world. In this study, we investigated the level of microplastics in the surface water and estuarine mullet Mugil cephalus from 23 estuary areas in the south of China. M. cephalus, due to its wide distribution and high tolerance, was selected as a candidate fish species for monitoring the ingestion of marine microplastics. The size, color, and type of all microplastics were recorded from the water and fish samples by stereomicroscope. The average abundance of microplastics was 18,261 items/m3 in the surface water, and 7.2 items/individual in fish. These alarming numbers revealed significant pollution due to microplastics in the environment. Fragments and minute-sized particles were the most common features found in both the water and the fish samples. Some impurities in the water sample were easily confused with microplastics, but regular forms on the surface of the impurity could be distinguished by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The shape, color, and size of the microplastics in the fish and water samples were similar, which suggested that the microplastics in the water might enter the organisms’ body, thereby affecting the health of aquatic species and even humans. Based on these findings, it is highly recommended that the monitoring and managing of pollution due to microplastics be addressed in the estuaries.

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Glasgow, Howard B., JoAnn M. Burkholder, Donald E. Schmechel, Patricia A. Tester, and Parke A. Rublee. "Insidious effects of a toxic estuarine dinoflagellate on fish survival and human health." Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 46, no. 4 (December 1995): 501–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287399509532051.

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Rodas-Suárez, O. R., J. F. Flores-Pedroche, J. M. Betancourt-Rule, E. I. Quiñones-Ramírez, and C. Vázquez-Salinas. "Occurrence and Antibiotic Sensitivity of Listeria monocytogenes Strains Isolated from Oysters, Fish, and Estuarine Water." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 11 (September 15, 2006): 7410–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00956-06.

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ABSTRACT We analyzed the presence of Listeria spp. in oyster, fish, and seawater samples and tested isolates for antibiotic sensitivity. Listeria monocytogenes was found in 4.5% of fish samples and 8.3% of seawater samples and was not recovered from oysters. Multiresistant environmental strains were found, representing a potential threat to human health.

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Kazour, Maria, Sharif Jemaa, Maria El Rakwe, Guillaume Duflos, Ludovic Hermabassiere, Alexandre Dehaut, Florane Le Bihanic, et al. "Juvenile fish caging as a tool for assessing microplastics contamination in estuarine fish nursery grounds." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 4 (October 15, 2018): 3548–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3345-8.

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Schlacher, Thomas A., Julie A. Mondon, and Rod M. Connolly. "Estuarine fish health assessment: Evidence of wastewater impacts based on nitrogen isotopes and histopathology." Marine Pollution Bulletin 54, no. 11 (November 2007): 1762–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.07.014.

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Sumithra, TG, TVA Kumar, TR Swaminathan, VN Anusree, PV Amala, KJ Reshma, TG Kishor, et al. "Epizootics of epizootic ulcerative syndrome among estuarine fishes of Kerala, India, under post-flood conditions." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 139 (April 30, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao03465.

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Epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS), primarily caused by the water mold Aphanomyces invadans, is an OIE-notifiable disease, having potential impacts on fisheries. We report EUS epizootics among estuarine fishes of Kerala, India, during 2018, under post-flood conditions 3 decades after its primary outbreak. Six fish species (Mugil cephalus, Platycephalus sp., Scatophagus argus, Arius sp., Planiliza macrolepis and Epinephelus malabaricus) were infected, including the first confirmed natural case in E. malabaricus and P. macrolepis. Salinity, surface temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH of resident water during the epizootic were <2 ppt, 25°C, 4.1 ppm and 7.0. The presence of zoonotic bacterial pathogens (Aeromonas veronii, Shewanella putrefaciens, Vibrio vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus) in tissues of affected fish indicates that EUS-infected fish may pose a public health hazard if not handled properly. Lack of clinical evidence in the region during the last 3 decades, a high number of affected fishes, including 2 new fish species, the severity of skin lesions and very low water salinity (<2 ppt) during the outbreak in contrast to historical water salinity records suggest relatively recent invasion by A. invadans. Phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer region of the rRNA gene showed that the same clone of pathogen has spread across different continents regardless of fish species and ecotypes (fresh/estuarine environments). Altogether, the present study provides baseline data which can be applied in EUS management strategies within brackish-water ecosystems. We recommend strict surveillance and development of sound biosecurity measures against the disease.

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Ramesh Mani Tripathi, Sandeep Pandey, Abbas Ali Mahdi, Mohd. Serajuddin, Kalpana Singh, and Mohd Kaleem Ahmad. "Concerns for Human Health Relating to Methylmercury (MeHg) Toxicity in Aquatic Environment: A Systematic Literature Review." Journal of Advanced Zoology 44, S-5 (November 15, 2023): 2308–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44is-5.1844.

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Mercury poses serious health risks to people, and during the last century, its contamination of the ocean's surface has more than doubled. As a result, authorities and organizations have taken measures to shield people from exposure to this dangerous substance. Mercury pollution mainly comes from many anthropogenic activities, such as burning coal and other industrial processes. In addition to polluting food chains in marine and coastal ecosystems, these operations released mercury into the environment, which subsequently accumulated in fish and was ingested by people. Fish eating from marine, estuarine, and freshwater sources is to blame for more than 90% of MeHg (methylmercury) exposure in the United States and most other regions of the world. This systematic review describes the biotransformation of Hg into MeHg, the entry of MeHg into the aquatic food chain/food web, and the bioaccumulation process of MeHg. This article also describes MeHg toxicity in fish. It focuses on the effects of exposure to MeHg on biochemical, histological, and neurological outcomes in humans, as evident from various epidemiological sources.

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Bowers, Holly A., Torstein Tengs, Howard B. Glasgow, JoAnn M. Burkholder, Parke A. Rublee, and David W. Oldach. "Development of Real-Time PCR Assays for Rapid Detection of Pfiesteria piscicida and Related Dinoflagellates." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 11 (November 1, 2000): 4641–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.11.4641-4648.2000.

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ABSTRACT Pfiesteria complex species are heterotrophic and mixotrophic dinoflagellates that have been recognized as harmful algal bloom species associated with adverse fish and human health effects along the East Coast of North America, particularly in its largest (Chesapeake Bay in Maryland) and second largest (Albermarle-Pamlico Sound in North Carolina) estuaries. In response to impacts on human health and the economy, monitoring programs to detect the organism have been implemented in affected areas. However, until recently, specific identification of the two toxic species known thus far,Pfiesteria piscicida and P. shumwayae (sp. nov.), required scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM is a labor-intensive process in which a small number of cells can be analyzed, posing limitations when the method is applied to environmental estuarine water samples. To overcome these problems, we developed a real-time PCR-based assay that permits rapid and specific identification of these organisms in culture and heterogeneous environmental water samples. Various factors likely to be encountered when assessing environmental samples were addressed, and assay specificity was validated through screening of a comprehensive panel of cultures, including the two recognized Pfiesteriaspecies, morphologically similar species, and a wide range of other estuarine dinoflagellates. Assay sensitivity and sample stability were established for both unpreserved and fixative (acidic Lugol's solution)-preserved samples. The effects of background DNA on organism detection and enumeration were also explored, and based on these results, we conclude that the assay may be utilized to derive quantitative data. This real-time PCR-based method will be useful for many other applications, including adaptation for field-based technology.

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Bachman, Pamela M., and Gary M. Rand. "Effects of salinity on native estuarine fish species in South Florida." Ecotoxicology 17, no. 7 (July 19, 2008): 591–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-008-0244-7.

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Smylie, Meredith S., Christopher J. McDonough, Lou Ann Reed, and Virginia R. Shervette. "Mercury bioaccumulation in an estuarine predator: Biotic factors, abiotic factors, and assessments of fish health." Environmental Pollution 214 (July 2016): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.007.

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Chung, Katy W., Peter B. Key, Philip Tanabe, and Marie E. DeLorenzo. "Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) Toxicity in Larval Estuarine Organisms." Toxics 12, no. 4 (April 2, 2024): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics12040267.

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Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a persistent contaminant that has been found globally within the environment. Key data gaps exist in the toxicity of PFOS to marine organisms, especially estuarine species that are crucial to the food web: fish, shrimp, and mollusks. This study developed toxicity thresholds for larval estuarine species, including grass shrimp (Palaemon pugio), sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus), mysids (Americamysis bahia), and Eastern mud snails (Tritia obsoleta). Multiple abiotic stressors (salinity and temperature) were included as variables in testing the toxicity of PFOS. Acute 96 h toxicity testing under standard test conditions of 25 °C and 20 ppt seawater yielded LC50 values of 0.919 mg/L for C. variegatus, 1.375 mg/L for A. bahia, 1.559 mg/L for T. obsoleta, and 2.011 mg/L for P. pugio. The effects of increased temperature (32 °C) and decreased salinity (10 ppt) varied with test species. PFOS toxicity for the sheepshead minnows increased with temperature but was not altered by decreased salinity. For grass shrimp and mud snails, PFOS toxicity was greater under lower salinity. The combination of higher temperature and lower salinity was observed to lower the toxicity thresholds for all species. These data demonstrate that expanding toxicity testing to include a wider range of parameters will improve the environmental risk assessment of chemical contaminants, especially for species inhabiting dynamic estuarine ecosystems.

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Roberts, Morris H., William J. Hargis, Charles J. Strobel, and Peter F. De Lisle. "Acute toxicity of PAH contaminated sediments to the estuarine fish,Leiostomus xanthurus." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 42-42, no. 1 (January 1989): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01699215.

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McKinley, Andrew C., Anthony Miskiewicz, Matthew D. Taylor, and Emma L. Johnston. "Strong links between metal contamination, habitat modification and estuarine larval fish distributions." Environmental Pollution 159, no. 6 (June 2011): 1499–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.03.008.

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Ahmed, Md Moudud, As-Ad Ujjaman Nur, Salma Sultana, Yeasmin N. Jolly, Bilal Ahamad Paray, Takaomi Arai, Jimmy Yu, and Mohammad Belal Hossain. "Risk Assessment and Sources Apportionment of Toxic Metals in Two Commonly Consumed Fishes from a Subtropical Estuarine Wetland System." Biology 13, no. 4 (April 14, 2024): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology13040260.

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The widespread occurrence of heavy metals in aquatic environments, resulting in their bioaccumulation within aquatic organisms like fish, presents potential hazards to human health. This study investigates the concentrations of five toxic heavy metals (Pb, Hg, Zn, Cu, and Cr) and their potential health implications in two economically important fish species (Otolithoides pama and Labeo bata) from a subtropical estuarine wetland system (Feni estuary, Bangladesh). Muscle and gill samples from 36 individual fish were analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF). The results revealed that the average quantities of heavy metals in both fishes’ muscle followed the declining order of Zn (109.41–119.93 mg/kg) > Cu (45.52–65.43 mg/kg) > Hg (1.25–1.39 mg/kg) > Pb (0.68–1.12 mg/kg) > Cr (0.31–5.82 mg/kg). Furthermore, Zn was found to be present in the highest concentration within the gills of both species. While the levels of Cu, Zn, and Cr in the fish muscle were deemed acceptable for human consumption, the concentrations of Pb and Hg exceeded the permissible limits (>0.5 mg/kg) for human consumption. Different risk indices, including estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), and carcinogenic or target risk (TR), revealed mixed and varying degrees of potential threat to human health. According to the EDI values, individuals consuming these fish may face health risks as the levels of Zn, Cu, and Cr in the muscle are either very close to or exceed the maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI) threshold. Nevertheless, the THQ and HI values suggested that both species remained suitable for human consumption, as indicated by THQ (<1) and HI (<1) values. Carcinogenic risk values for Pb, Cr, and Zn all remained within permissible limits, with TR values falling below the range of (10−6 to 10−4), except for Zn, which exceeded it (>10−4). The correlation matrix and multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) findings revealed that Pb and Cr primarily stemmed from natural geological backgrounds, whereas Zn, Cu, and Hg were attributed to human-induced sources such as agricultural chemicals, silver nanoparticles, antimicrobial substances, and metallic plating. Given the significance of fish as a crucial and nutritious element of a balanced diet, it is essential to maintain consistent monitoring and regulation of the levels and origins of heavy metals found within it.

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Park, Kiyun, Won-Seok Kim, Bohyung Choi, and Ihn-Sil Kwak. "Differential Expression of the Apolipoprotein AI Gene in Spotnape Ponyfish (Nuchequula nuchalis) Inhabiting Different Salinity Ranges at the Top of the Estuary and in the Deep-Bay Area of Gwangyang Bay, South Korea." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20 (October 19, 2021): 10960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010960.

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Spotnape ponyfish (Nuchequula nuchalis) is a dominant species that is broadly distributed from estuarine to deep-bay areas, reflecting a euryhaline habitat. Apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) is a main component of plasma lipoproteins and has crucial roles in lipid metabolism and the defense immune system. In this study, we characterized the N. nuchalis ApoAI gene and analyzed the expression of the ApoAI transcript in N. nuchalis collected at various sites in the estuary and the deep-bay area which have different salinities. Owing to the fish’s mobility, we conducted stable isotope analyses to confirm the habitat characteristics of N. nuchalis. Carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) from N. nuchalis indicated different feeding sources and trophic levels in the estuarine and deep-bay habitats. The characterized N. nuchalis ApoAI displayed residual repeats that formed a pair of alpha helices, indicating that the protein belongs to the apolipoprotein family. In the phylogenetic analysis, there was no sister group of N. nuchalis ApoAI among the large clades of fish species. The transcriptional expression level of ApoAI was higher in N. nuchalis inhabiting the deep-bay area with a high salinity (over 31 psu) than in N. nuchalis inhabiting the top of the estuary with a low salinity (6~15 psu). In addition, the expression patterns of N. nuchalis ApoAI were positively correlated with environmental factors (transparency, pH, TC, and TIC) in the high salinity area. These results suggest that ApoAI gene expression can reflect habitat characteristics of N. nuchalis which traverse broad salinity ranges and is associated with functional roles of osmoregulation and lipid metabolism for fish growth and development.

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Vogelbein, W. K., J. D. Shields, L. W. Haas, K. S. Reece, and D. E. Zwerner. "Skin Ulcers in Estuarine Fishes: A Comparative Pathological Evaluation of Wild and Laboratory-Exposed Fish." Environmental Health Perspectives 109 (October 2001): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3454914.

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Hong, Chia-Swee, Brian Bush, and Ju Xiao. "Coplanar PCBs in fish and mussels from marine and estuarine waters of New York State." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 23, no. 1 (February 1992): 118–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-6513(92)90026-y.

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26

Araujo, Glacio Souza, José William Alves da Silva, João Cotas, and Leonel Pereira. "Fish Farming Techniques: Current Situation and Trends." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 11 (October 30, 2022): 1598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111598.

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World aquaculture is increasingly diversified and intensive, due to the use of new technologies, having grown a lot in recent decades and contributed significantly to improving food security and reducing poverty in the world, with fish farming being a promising activity for the production of protein with high nutritional value. The large aquaculture companies that recognize the potential of this important modality have invested in the study and production of various productive segments of the most diverse species of fish. This review article aims to provide information on the world panorama of marine fish farming, with the main systems and production stages of the most important organisms with commercial potential, aiming to achieve a highly sustainable production, with high nutritional content and benefits for human health. The production of live feed in the larval stage should be highlighted, in order to optimize survival and weight gain. In addition, trends in the cultivation of estuarine and saltwater fish will be detailed in this review, such as the use of biotechnology and technological innovations, cultivations integration, and biosecurity. Thus, innovative methods to optimize the farming system need to be more ecosustainable, reducing the negative impacts on the environmental level.

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Nair, Anusree V., K. K. Vijayan, Kajal Chakraborty, and M. Leo Antony. "Diversity and characterization of antagonistic bacteria from tropical estuarine habitats of Cochin, India for fish health management." World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 28, no. 7 (May 13, 2012): 2581–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11274-012-1067-5.

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Transue, Lindsey, Agnieszka Monczak, Caroline Tribble, Alyssa Marian, Patricia Fair, Joseph Ballenger, Brian Balmer, and Eric W. Montie. "The Biological and Anthropogenic Soundscape of an Urbanized Port – the Charleston Harbor Estuary, South Carolina, USA." PLOS ONE 18, no. 4 (April 19, 2023): e0283848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283848.

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Soundscape ecology provides a long-term, noninvasive approach to track animal behavior, habitat quality, and community structure over temporal and spatial scales. Using soniferous species as an indicator, biological soundscapes provide information about species and ecosystem health as well as their response and resiliency to potential stressors such as noise pollution. Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, USA provides important estuarine habitat for an abundance of marine life and is one of the busiest and fastest growing container ports in the southeast USA. Six passive acoustic recorders were deployed in the Charleston Harbor from December 2017 to June 2019 to determine biological patterns and human-associated influences on the soundscape. Anthropogenic noise was detected frequently across the estuary, especially along the shipping channel. Despite this anthropogenic noise, biological sound patterns were identified including snapping shrimp snaps (Alpheus spp. and Synalpheus spp.), fish calling and chorusing (Sciaenidae and Batrachoididae families), and bottlenose dolphin vocalizations. Biological response to anthropogenic activity varied among trophic levels, with decreased detection of fish calling when anthropogenic noise occurred and increased dolphin vocalizations in the presence of anthropogenic noise. Statistically, fine-scale, temporal patterns in biological sound were not clearly identified by sound pressure levels (SPLs), until files with anthropogenic noise presence were removed. These findings indicate that SPL patterns may be limited in their interpretation of biological activity for noisy regions and that the overall acoustic signature that we find in more pristine estuaries is lost in Charleston Harbor.

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RAHMAN, MD BOKTHIER, MD SAZEDUL HOQUE, SUPRAKASH CHAKMA, SHAIDA AKTER, S. M. OASIQUL AZAD, and MST RUMA. "Effects of frozen storage on the proximate composition and formaldehyde content in some selected fish from three different sources of southern Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Fisheries 32, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.52168/bjf.2020.32.35.

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The study was conducted in aims to investigate the effects of frozen storage and cooking conditionson proximate compositions and formaldehyde content (FA) in some selected fish from three different sourcesin Bangladesh. Proximate composition in fresh and final frozen samples was determined by standard AOACmethod and FA content in fresh, frozen stored, and cooked samples was determined by spectrophotometricmethod. Among the studied fishes, marine fish contained higher protein (except Rita), lipid, and ash followedby estuarine and culture fish samples. Protein, moisture and ash content decreased and lipid content increasedsignificantly (p<0.05) during frozen storage for all samples and sources. The FA was lower in cultured fishsamples compared to that of the river and marine fish samples, both at fresh and end of frozen storage. Atfresh condition, FA content in all samples ranged from 0.41 to 0.71µg/g, 0.51 to 0.89µg/g, and 0.73 to1.69µg/g which increased to 0.95 to 2.11µg/g, 1.74 to 1.95µg/g, and 3.22 to 5.20µg/g at end of the storageperiod, respectively (p<0.05). Further, FA content significantly decreased after cooking in all the fishsamples (p<0.05). However, irrespective of fish species and sources, the FA content was higher than WHOrecommended value (0.2 µg/g). The study findings revealed that longer frozen storage of fish could be apublic health concern to the consumers.

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30

O’Reilly, M., J. Boyle, S. Nowacki, M. Elliott, and R. Foster. "Monitoring Scotland’s transitional water fish communities under the EU Water Framework Directive." Glasgow Naturalist 27, no. 3 (2021): 48–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37208/tgn27318.

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The history of monitoring transitional water fish in Scotland is briefly outlined. The requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive are explained and how this applies to the monitoring of transitional water fish communities in Scotland is described. The development of a monitoring programme for Scotland is outlined, including sampling methods and strategies. Six transitional waters were selected as representative for Scotland covering three different types of transitional water. A multi-metric tool, the Transitional Water Fish Classification Index was used to assess the ecological status of the fish communities in these waters and the operation of the different metrics and the creation of appropriate reference conditions is explained. The assessment tool was applied to survey data from 2005 to 2018, although only the more recent data fully met the tool requirements. The species composition and abundances in the respective transitional waters were compared. The fully valid surveys were all classed as of Good or High status, indicating the fish communities in all the representative transitional waters appeared to be in good ecological health. The efficacy of the different metrics is considered and some issues with Metric 2, enumerating migratory species, are discussed at length. A new multi-metric tool, the Estuarine Multi-metric Fish Index, is briefly discussed and its introduction for the assessments in Scotland is recommended.

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Castro, Muryllo Santos, Larissa Cristine Carvalho Penha, Thamires Alexsandra Torres, Marianna Basso Jorge, Luis Fernando Carvalho-Costa, Gilberto Fillmann, and Ricardo Luvizotto-Santos. "Genotoxic and mutagenic effects of chlorothalonil on the estuarine fish Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823)." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 29, no. 16 (November 22, 2021): 23504–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17328-2.

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Putri, Raden Roro Risang Ayu Dewayani, Bambang Retnoaji, and Andhika Puspito Nugroho. "Accumulation of Microplastics and Histological Analysis on Marine Fish from Coastal Waters of Baru and Trisik Beaches, Special Region of Yogyakarta." Environment and Natural Resources Journal 21, no. 2 (February 14, 2023): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/21/202200207.

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River flow to the sea is regarded as a pathway for the dispersion and pollution of microplastics. The hydrodynamics of the coastal water of Baru and Trisik Beaches may increase microplastic concentrations in this estuarine-marine area. This research evaluated the microplastic concentration in surface seawater and microplastic accumulation in consumed marine fish and performed histological analysis on the demersal marine fish intestine under natural exposure. Sample collection was carried out at 12 stations with three replications. The microplastics analysis was performed on marine fish (dorsal muscle, gills, and gastrointestinal tract) and seawater, and microplastic characterization was based on physical and chemical characteristics. Environmental parameters for statistical analysis included air and water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and salinity of seawater. Histological analysis of the intestine was performed on fish from three stations with two demersal fish species. The latter analysis included the length of the villi, the depth of the crypt cells, epithelial denudation with hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the number of goblet cells with periodic acid Schiff alcian blue staining. The results showed that the microplastic concentration was distributed throughout the fish sample for each of the stations. Microplastic concentrations for surface seawater showed the same pattern as marine fish. Microplastic accumulation in marine fish indicated the transfer of microplastic particles to various organs in the fish’s body. The histological analysis indicated, microplastic internalization in the intestine tissue, damaging intestinal structures. Further research is needed as consuming marine fish contaminated by microplastics may present increasing health risks.

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Richardson, N., A. K. Gordon, W. J. Muller, and A. K. Whitfield. "A weight-of-evidence approach to determine estuarine fish health using indicators from multiple levels of biological organization." Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 21, no. 5 (July 2011): 423–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.1207.

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Schartup, Amina T., Prentiss H. Balcom, Anne L. Soerensen, Kathleen J. Gosnell, Ryan S. D. Calder, Robert P. Mason, and Elsie M. Sunderland. "Freshwater discharges drive high levels of methylmercury in Arctic marine biota." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 38 (September 8, 2015): 11789–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1505541112.

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Elevated levels of neurotoxic methylmercury in Arctic food-webs pose health risks for indigenous populations that consume large quantities of marine mammals and fish. Estuaries provide critical hunting and fishing territory for these populations, and, until recently, benthic sediment was thought to be the main methylmercury source for coastal fish. New hydroelectric developments are being proposed in many northern ecosystems, and the ecological impacts of this industry relative to accelerating climate changes are poorly characterized. Here we evaluate the competing impacts of climate-driven changes in northern ecosystems and reservoir flooding on methylmercury production and bioaccumulation through a case study of a stratified sub-Arctic estuarine fjord in Labrador, Canada. Methylmercury bioaccumulation in zooplankton is higher than in midlatitude ecosystems. Direct measurements and modeling show that currently the largest methylmercury source is production in oxic surface seawater. Water-column methylation is highest in stratified surface waters near the river mouth because of the stimulating effects of terrestrial organic matter on methylating microbes. We attribute enhanced biomagnification in plankton to a thin layer of marine snow widely observed in stratified systems that concentrates microbial methylation and multiple trophic levels of zooplankton in a vertically restricted zone. Large freshwater inputs and the extensive Arctic Ocean continental shelf mean these processes are likely widespread and will be enhanced by future increases in water-column stratification, exacerbating high biological methylmercury concentrations. Soil flooding experiments indicate that near-term changes expected from reservoir creation will increase methylmercury inputs to the estuary by 25–200%, overwhelming climate-driven changes over the next decade.

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de Roos, Baukje, Nanna Roos, Abdullah-Al Mamun, Tahmeed Ahmed, Alan A. Sneddon, Francis Murray, Eleonor Grieve, and David C. Little. "Linking agroecosystems producing farmed seafood with food security and health status to better address the nutritional challenges in Bangladesh." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 16 (September 5, 2019): 2941–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019002295.

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AbstractObjective:Aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing food production sectors in many low-income and food-deficit countries with aquatic ecozones. Yet its specific impact on nutrition and livelihood in local communities, where commercial and/or export-orientated aquaculture activities are developed, is largely unknown.Design:The present narrative and argumentative review aims to provide an overview of our current understanding of the connections between aquaculture agroecosystems, local and national fish production, fish consumption patterns and nutrition and health outcomes.Results:The agroecological dynamic in a coastal-estuarine zone, where the aquatic environment ranges from fully saline to freshwater, is complex, with seasonal and annual fluctuations in freshwater supply creating a variable salinity gradient which impacts on aquatic food production and on food production more generally. The local communities living in these dynamic aquatic ecozones are vulnerable to poverty, poor diet and health, while these ecosystems produce highly valuable and nutritious aquatic foods. Policies addressing the specific challenges of risk management of these communities are limited by the sectoral separation of aquatic food production – the fisheries and aquaculture sector, the broader food sector – and public health institutions.Conclusions:Here we provide an argument for the integration of these factors to improve aquaculture value chains to better address the nutritional challenges in Bangladesh.

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Monteiro, M., C. Quintaneiro, F. Morgado, A. M. V. M. Soares, and L. Guilhermino. "Characterization of the cholinesterases present in head tissues of the estuarine fish Pomatoschistus microps: Application to biomonitoring." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 62, no. 3 (November 2005): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.12.007.

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37

Wishkovsky, Arieh, Elaine S. Mathews, and Beverly Anne Weeks. "Effect of tributyltin on the chemiluminescent response of phagocytes from three species of estuarine fish." Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 18, no. 6 (November 1989): 826–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01160296.

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38

Glasgow, Howard B., JoAnn M. Burkholder, Michael A. Mallin, Nora J. Deamer-Melia, and Robert E. Reed. "Field Ecology of Toxic Pfiesteria Complex Species and a Conservative Analysis of Their Role in Estuarine Fish Kills." Environmental Health Perspectives 109 (October 2001): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3454919.

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Navarro Flores, Jaime, and Ana Luisa May Tec. "Particularidades en el conocimiento de la biología del género Sphoeroides y Lagocephalus del golfo de México." JAINA Costas y Mares ante el Cambio Climático, no. 5 (November 7, 2023): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26359/52462.0423.

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The order Tetraodontiforme has the puffer fish, known scientifically under the genera Sphoeroides and Lagocephalus, they are among the most fascinating and enigmatic marine creatures. They inhabit marine, estuarine, and even freshwater bodies of tropical regions. Currently this order is represented by 105 genera and 435 species. Pufferfish have the fascinating ability to increase their body size by ingesting water or air, to avoid being preyed on. Pufferfish have an annual reproductive cycle with spawning peaks during the warmer months, considering temperature and salinity as optimal conditions. The genus Sphoeroides and Lagocephalus are considered omnivorous with a preference for a carnivorous diet. What makes them fish rich in high quality protein, fatty acids Ω3. In addition to containing essential minerals and vitamins. However, these fishes have neurotoxin, such as tetrodotoxin (TTX) which is often fatal to humans when consumed. But these toxins have pharmaceutical potential, due to their ability to block sodium channels, they are used to treat pain in patients with terminal cancer or as an analgesic and even to control opioid addictions. In contrast, aquaculture for these species, particularly for Lagocephalus laevigatus, is presented as a great opportunity, since the cultivation of these species under controlled conditions can avoid toxicity that it presents in its intestine, which could make it more attractive for consumption human, it also contributes to the conservation of the species and food security in the demand for protein. Keywords: Puffer fish, Tetraodontiform, Tetrodotoxin, Tetraodontidae

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Davias, Lori A., Matthew S. Kornis та Denise L. Breitburg. "Environmental factors influencing δ13C and δ15N in three Chesapeake Bay fishes". ICES Journal of Marine Science 71, № 3 (4 вересня 2013): 689–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst143.

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Abstract Stable isotope analysis has become a common tool for mapping trophic relationships, describing foodweb changes, and assessing ecosystem health. Clear interpretation of stable isotopes is facilitated by understanding how environmental factors can affect isotopic values; in estuarine systems, these factors may include salinity, land use, and shoreline habitat. To evaluate these factors, fish were collected from shallow-water habitats next to hardened (bulkhead and riprap) and unhardened (beach and marsh) shorelines within five subestuaries of the Chesapeake Bay that differed in predominant land use and salinity. This study focused on three common mid-Atlantic fish species: mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus, Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia, and white perch, Morone americana. Multiple regression analyses pointed to standard length, salinity, % of watershed as developed or crop land, and shoreline habitat type as important predictors for δ15N in all three species and for δ13C in mummichog and white perch. Further analysis controlling for the effects of salinity, land use, and fish size demonstrated that δ13C and δ15N were lower in tissues of fish collected next to marsh compared with hardened or beach habitat. Habitat effects were strongest for mummichog. This study focused on overarching patterns driving stable isotope signatures in fish; however, it also indicated potentially important interactions between nearshore habitat type and land use or salinity that deserve further analysis. Results have implications for the scale of isotope inquiry and give justification for more detailed follow-up studies of foodweb structure along modified and natural shorelines.

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Jahan, Sharmin, Md Abu Sayed Jewel, and Jesmin Ara. "Heavy metal concentrations in water from Bakkhali River estuary, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh." Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 9, no. 1 (March 25, 2024): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2024.0901022.

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Heavy metals contamination of water is considered as severe global issues for developing countries like Bangladesh. Because heavy metal pollution ruined aquatic ecosystem especially fish diversity which contribute important share on economy of a country. The present study designed to investigate the contamination level of lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in surface water of Bakkhali river estuary in Bangladesh. The decreasing order of metals concentration was Cu>Zn >Cr>Pb>Cd with the mean value of 2.6> 0.825 > 0.355 > 0.056 >0.003 mg/L, respectively. The results showed a significant seasonal variation of heavy metals concentration in water. Higher contamination occurred during post monsoon, while lower during the monsoon season. Among the all studied heavy metals Cu concentration was higher (2.6 mg/L) and lower (0.003 mg/L) concentration was Cd. Metal concentrations in water samples exceeded the safe limits of drinking water which indicated that the water from this estuarine river is not fully safe for using/drinking. The study area was not entirely polluted in terms of all metal concentrations. But level of metal concentration in polluted sites supposed risk to ecological health. The findings of present study recommended that continuous monitoring of water should be aimed to evaluate the risk which could help to maintain healthy coastal ecosystem and improve management strategy of this estuarine river.

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SCHÄRER, K., S. SAVIOZ, N. CERNELA, G. SAEGESSER, and R. STEPHAN. "Occurrence of Vibrio spp. in Fish and Shellfish Collected from the Swiss Market." Journal of Food Protection 74, no. 8 (August 1, 2011): 1345–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-001.

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The genus Vibrio includes gram-negative bacteria that inhabit estuarine ecosystems. V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus pose a considerable public health threat as agents of sporadic and epidemic foodborne infections associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked contaminated fish or shellfish. In this study, we analyzed 138 fish and shellfish samples collected from the Swiss market (fish fillets [n = 102], bivalves [n = 34], and squid [n = 2]). Microbiological analysis was done according to International Organization for Standardization method 21872-1/21872-2:2007, using thiosulfate citrate bile sucrose agar and chromID Vibrio agar as selective agar. Presumptive-positive colonies on thiosulfate citrate bile sucrose agar or chromID Vibrio agar were picked and were identified by the API 20E and species-specific PCR systems. V. cholerae isolates were tested further by PCR for the presence of the cholera toxin A subunit gene (ctxA). V. parahaemolyticus isolates were tested by PCR for genes encoding for thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and TDH-related hemolysin (trh). V. cholerae was isolated from three samples and V. parahaemolyticus from eight samples. None of these strains harbored species-specific virulence factors. Further, V. alginolyticus was isolated from 40 samples, and V. fluvialis was isolated from 1 sample. Our study provides, for the first time, data for the assessment of exposure to Vibrio spp. in raw fish and bivalves consumed in Switzerland.

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Rowe, Christopher L. "Growth responses of an estuarine fish exposed to mixed trace elements in sediments over a full life cycle." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 54, no. 2 (February 2003): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0147-6513(02)00055-6.

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Romero, Jaime, Sergueia Blas-Chumacero, Victoria Urzúa, Alejandro Villasante, Rafael Opazo, Felipe Gajardo, Claudio D. Miranda, and Rodrigo Rojas. "Lysin and Lytic Phages Reduce Vibrio Counts in Live Feed and Fish Larvae." Microorganisms 12, no. 5 (April 30, 2024): 904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12050904.

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Vibrio species are naturally found in estuarine and marine ecosystems, but are also recognized as significant human enteropathogens, often linked to seafood-related illnesses. In aquaculture settings, Vibrio poses a substantial risk of infectious diseases, resulting in considerable stock losses and prompting the use of antimicrobials. However, this practice contributes to the proliferation of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria and resistance genes. Our investigation aimed to explore the potential of biological agents such as bacteriophage CH20 and endolysin LysVPp1 in reducing Vibrio bacterial loads in both rotifer and fish larvae. LysVPp1’s lytic activity was assessed by measuring absorbance reduction against various pathogenic Vibrio strains. Phage CH20 exhibited a limited host range, affecting only Vibrio alginolyticus GV09, a highly pathogenic strain. Both CH20 and LysVPp1 were evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing Vibrio load in rotifers or fish larvae through short-setting bioassays. Our results demonstrated the significant lytic effect of endolysin LysVPp1 on strains of Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio splendidus. Furthermore, we have showcased the feasibility of reducing the load of pathogenic Vibrio in live feed and fish larvae by using a non-antibiotic-based approach, such as lytic phage and endolysin LysVPp1, thus contributing to the progress of a sustainable aquaculture from a One Health perspective.

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Gilmour, C. C., and G. S. Riedel. "A Survey of Size-Specific Mercury Concentrations in Game Fish from Maryland Fresh and Estuarine Waters." Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 39, no. 1 (June 30, 2000): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002440010079.

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Jones, Elizabeth R., Danielle Simning, Jenifer Serafin, Maria S. Sepúlveda, and Robert J. Griffitt. "Acute exposure to oil induces age and species-specific transcriptional responses in embryo-larval estuarine fish." Environmental Pollution 263 (August 2020): 114325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114325.

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Taylor, Matthew D. "Animal size impacts perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) concentrations in muscle tissue of estuarine fish and invertebrate species." Environmental Pollution 267 (December 2020): 115595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115595.

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Xieu, Wilson, Levi S. Lewis, Feng Zhao, Rachel A. Fichman, Malte Willmes, Tien-Chieh Hung, Luke Ellison, et al. "Experimental validation of otolith-based age and growth reconstructions across multiple life stages of a critically endangered estuarine fish." PeerJ 9 (November 17, 2021): e12280. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12280.

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Background The application of otolith-based tools to inform the management and conservation of fishes first requires taxon- and stage-specific validation. The Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus), a critically endangered estuarine fish that is endemic to the upper San Francisco Estuary (SFE), California, United States, serves as a key indicator species in the SFE; thus, understanding this species’ vital rates and population dynamics is valuable for assessing the overall health of the estuary. Otolith-based tools have been developed and applied across multiple life stages of Delta Smelt to reconstruct age structure, growth, phenology, and migration. However, key methodological assumptions have yet to be validated, thus limiting confidence in otolith-derived metrics that are important for informing major water management decisions in the SFE. Methods Using known-age cultured Delta Smelt and multiple independent otolith analysts, we examined otolith formation, otolith-somatic proportionality, aging accuracy and precision, left-right symmetry, and the effects of image magnification for larval, juvenile, and adult Delta Smelt. Results Overall, otolith size varied linearly with fish size (from 10–60 mm), explaining 99% of the variation in fish length, despite a unique slope for larvae < 10 mm. Otolith-somatic proportionality was similar among wild and cultured specimens. Aging precision among independent analysts was 98% and aging accuracy relative to known ages was 96%, with age estimates exhibiting negligible differences among left and right otoliths. Though error generally increased with age, percent error decreased from 0–30 days-post-hatch, with precision remaining relatively high (≥ 95%) thereafter. Increased magnification (400×) further improved aging accuracy for the oldest, slowest-growing individuals. Together, these results indicate that otolith-based techniques provide reliable age and growth reconstructions for larval, juvenile, and adult Delta Smelt. Such experimental assessments across multiple developmental stages are key steps toward assessing confidence in otolith-derived metrics that are often used to assess the dynamics of wild fish populations.

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Sundaravadivelu, Devi, Toby T. Sanan, Raghuraman Venkatapathy, Heath Mash, Dan Tettenhorst, Lesley DAnglada, Sharon Frey, Avery O. Tatters, and James Lazorchak. "Determination of Cyanotoxins and Prymnesins in Water, Fish Tissue, and Other Matrices: A Review." Toxins 14, no. 3 (March 16, 2022): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14030213.

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Harmful algal blooms (HABs) and their toxins are a significant and continuing threat to aquatic life in freshwater, estuarine, and coastal water ecosystems. Scientific understanding of the impacts of HABs on aquatic ecosystems has been hampered, in part, by limitations in the methodologies to measure cyanotoxins in complex matrices. This literature review discusses the methodologies currently used to measure the most commonly found freshwater cyanotoxins and prymnesins in various matrices and to assess their advantages and limitations. Identifying and quantifying cyanotoxins in surface waters, fish tissue, organs, and other matrices are crucial for risk assessment and for ensuring quality of food and water for consumption and recreational uses. This paper also summarizes currently available tissue extraction, preparation, and detection methods mentioned in previous studies that have quantified toxins in complex matrices. The structural diversity and complexity of many cyanobacterial and algal metabolites further impede accurate quantitation and structural confirmation for various cyanotoxins. Liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (LC–MS/MS) to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of toxin analysis has become an essential tool for cyanotoxin detection and can potentially be used for the concurrent analysis of multiple toxins.

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Blickley, T. Michelle, Cole W. Matson, Wyatt N. Vreeland, Daniel Rittschof, Richard T. Di Giulio, and Patricia D. McClellan-Green. "Dietary CdSe/ZnS quantum dot exposure in estuarine fish: Bioavailability, oxidative stress responses, reproduction, and maternal transfer." Aquatic Toxicology 148 (March 2014): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.12.021.

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