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1
Vyskupaitis, Andrius. "EFFICIENCY ESTIMATION OF TRANSPORT COMPANIES' ACTIVITY." TRANSPORT 18, no. 2 (April 30, 2003): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16483840.2003.10414067.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this article methodological subjects of activities efficiency research of the transport companies as well as other complex systems are analyzed. Methodically it is the most important to select estimation indexes of efficiency of searching object activities. After the system of indexes is formed, it is determined that it is more useful to use the system of technical economic indexes in order to estimate the level of efficiency of the activities of transport companies. It is so, because none of the separate indexes individually is able comprehensively to reflect the activities of transport systems or separate companies. Using the proposed method it is possible to research the great amount of objects according to numerous indexes. The main task is to form conditionally monolithic groups from the totality of objects. The level of activities of the objects in these groups should be similar. It would be possible to solve this task with the help of the image identification theory. The essence of this theory is to used necessary algorithm for the identification of searching objects signs. On this basis each object is reckoned in a certain monolithic objects group. Next step is the use of classification algorithms, which enable to classify the whole of searching objects. In this article you would fmd two main stages of classification problem solution. In the first stage the expansion of the objects into monolithic groups according to one of the indexes goes. The quality of this stage depends on the amount of the groups and on the selection of a concrete index. In the second stage the final objects expansion into monolithic groups according to the whole of selected technicaleconomic level indexes goes. Here is the manifold classification of the objects. Its results enable to determine the efficiency level of transport systems activities as well as to improve the quality of planning transport company's activities.
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L, Raghavendar Raju, and C. R. K. Reddy. "Node activity based trust and reputation estimation approach for secure and QoS routing in MANET." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 5340. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i6.pp5340-5350.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Achieving safe and secure communication in MANETs is a key challenge due to its dynamic nature. A number of security studies disclose that reputation management systems are able to be effectual with less overhead. The reputation of a node is calculated by using automated assessment algorithms depend on predefined trust scheme. This paper proposes a Node Activity-based Trust and Reputation estimation (NA-TRE) approach for the security and QoS routing in MANET. NA-TRE aims to find trust estimation and reputation of a node. The NA-TRE approach monitors the activity changes, packet forwarding or dropping in a node to find the status of the node. The various activities of a node like Normal State (NS), Resource Limitation State (RS) and Malicious State (MS) are monitored. This status of a node is helpful in computing trust and reputation. In this paper NA-TRE approach compared with existing protocols AODV, FACE and TMS to evaluate the efficiency of MANET. The experiment results show that 20% increasing of throughput, 10% decrease of overhead and end to end delay.
3
Ishchenko, Olena. "METHODICAL APPROACHES TO EVALUATION OF INFRASTRUCTURE SUPPLY OF TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS SYSTEMS." Economic Analysis, no. 28(4) (2018): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2018.04.313.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. The state and development of transport and logistics systems of the territories is inextricably linked with the investment climate and social and economic development, since it affects the mobility and dynamism of social and economic processes, forms additional advantages for the development of all types of business. That is why the study of the level of infrastructure provision of the transport and logistics system of the regions of Ukraine remains an important issue in modern conditions. Purpose. The article aims to develop the methodical tools for assessing the proportionality of the infrastructure provision of transport and logistics activities in the regions and the efficiency of the use of existing infrastructure objects. Results. The article deals with the essence and systematization of the main components of the transport and logistics infrastructure of the region. Under the infrastructure of transport and logistics activity of the region, it is proposed to understand the complex system of technical, organizational, economic, and informational and communication support for the implementation of transport and logistics services, which are concentrated in this region. The methodical approaches to carrying out of complex estimation of the infrastructure provision of the regions' development have been explored. The methodical approaches and analytical tools for estimating the imbalances of infrastructure provision and the efficiency of transport and logistics systems functioning in the regions are based on the calculation of the system of comparative indicators and parameters of transport and logistics activity in the regions and take into account the peculiarities of their geographical location and the corresponding competitive advantages (technical, organizational, financial, informational and specific). Conclusions. The effectiveness of the development of strategic plans and programs for the development of transport and logistics infrastructure at both the national and regional levels requires a systematic picture of the state of the infrastructure in certain regions and the weaknesses in which major efforts should be directed to overcoming. In this context, the use of the author's methodological toolkit can be useful in identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the regions, their clustering, and identifying the priority tasks of optimizing the transport and logistics system in the design process of transport sector plans and programs.
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Hille, Sander, Maria Akhmanova, Matouš Glanc, Alexander Johnson, and Jiří Friml. "Relative Contribution of PIN-Containing Secretory Vesicles and Plasma Membrane PINs to the Directed Auxin Transport: Theoretical Estimation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 11 (November 12, 2018): 3566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113566.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The intercellular transport of auxin is driven by PIN-formed (PIN) auxin efflux carriers. PINs are localized at the plasma membrane (PM) and on constitutively recycling endomembrane vesicles. Therefore, PINs can mediate auxin transport either by direct translocation across the PM or by pumping auxin into secretory vesicles (SVs), leading to its secretory release upon fusion with the PM. Which of these two mechanisms dominates is a matter of debate. Here, we addressed the issue with a mathematical modeling approach. We demonstrate that the efficiency of secretory transport depends on SV size, half-life of PINs on the PM, pH, exocytosis frequency and PIN density. 3D structured illumination microscopy (SIM) was used to determine PIN density on the PM. Combining this data with published values of the other parameters, we show that the transport activity of PINs in SVs would have to be at least 1000× greater than on the PM in order to produce a comparable macroscopic auxin transport. If both transport mechanisms operated simultaneously and PINs were equally active on SVs and PM, the contribution of secretion to the total auxin flux would be negligible. In conclusion, while secretory vesicle-mediated transport of auxin is an intriguing and theoretically possible model, it is unlikely to be a major mechanism of auxin transport in planta.
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Olha, Komelina, Dubishchev Viktor, Lysenko Mykola, and Panasenko Nataliia. "Ukraine Unified Transport System Potential and Its Development Management Effectiveness Integral Assessment." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.3 (September 15, 2018): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.3.19972.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Transport system is an important constituent of country’s economy. This system development is a significant factor ensuring population standard of living. Research in the field of unified transport system of Ukraine development estimates reveals its condition as not sufficient to meet modern requirements. Among the problems which are to be first of all solved to improve transport system of Ukraine operation estimates, an important place belongs to the issues of industry management information and analytical provision: lack of data collecting and processing effective system, methodology for objective condition assessment and prospective of the industry development, systematic approach to development coordination and long-term panning of all modes of transport operation, criteria and indices for quality estimation in providing transportation services. Solving these problems is impossible without significant improving the country’s unified transport system management. Transport infrastructure in Ukraine requires considerable systemic changes, oriented to logistics which will provide integration effect, reduce costs and improve service quality. Methodology for the national economy transport system development integral estimation was developed based on the modern information base including approach to determining peculiarities of forming transport system of Ukraine potential and its development management effectiveness under global challenges. The developed methodical approach can be efficiently used for analyses, control, accounting, planning, forecasting and regulating the industry activity at the national and regional levels and the level of separate country’s transport subsystems. Suggested approach can be used for evaluating efficiency of transport system development innovative and investment projects, and is the basis for defining market transformation vectors considering its socially optimal development level as well as regarding innovative and investment projects financing.
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Șerban, Paul-Razvan, Monica Dumitrașcu, Bianca Mitrică, Ines Grigorescu, Irena Mocanu, Gheorghe Kucsicsa, Alexandra Vrînceanu, and Cristina Dumitrică. "The Estimation of Regional Energy Consumption Based on the Energy Consumption Rate at National Level. Case Study: The Romanian Danube Valley." Energies 13, no. 16 (August 14, 2020): 4219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13164219.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Based on the national level data on energy consumption by final consumption sectors (agricultural, industrial, construction, residential and transport), the present study is aimed at estimating the energy consumption at county level. The overall energy Romania has consumed throughout a year has been broken down into ‘demographic’ and ‘economic’ components. The changes in the two components were determined on an annual basis for the following reference years: 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015. The variables used in the current investigation were assembled into two groups of indicators: demographic (urban population, population size, proportion of the population aged 65 years and over, the economically active population divided according to activities of national economy: agriculture, industry, transport), and economic (GDP per capita, energy consumption by the activities of the national economy: agriculture, residential, industry, transport). In some cases, where a significant share of the population worked in the industry sector (with the probability of a diversified industry), our calculations overestimated energy consumption. This may also be due to the cumulative effect of some demographic factors (i.e., the high degree of urbanization). The paper discusses the effect of the demographic variables (e.g., size, age and occupational structures) have on energy consumption. The paper shows that the economic growth Romania has been subject to since the year 2000 has led to a rise in energy consumption for two economic activities (agriculture, transportation) and it also turned out that improving the technologies used in industry has a positive effect on energy efficiency. Energy efficiency depends, in addition to the technologies used in each economic activity, on demographic factors. Some of the demographic factors have different trends in terms of energy consumption. The effect of the population size must be explained in the context of changes in the structure by age groups (aging of the population), changes in fertility and mortality rates. Moreover, the economic structure changes alongside the alterations undergone by the demographic structure. This, in turn, changes production and consumption, transport infrastructure, as well as social services. In order to draw firm conclusions about the relationship between energy consumption and population structure by age group, further detailed studies are needed, including making use of other indicators.
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Duleba, Nadiia. "Methodical bases of definition of level of economic safety of the motor transport enterprise." INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, no. 7-8 (2020): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37332/2309-1533.2020.7-8.21.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose. The aim of the article is deepening of theoretical bases and development of methodical recommendations on definition of level of economic safety of the motor transport enterprise and the prevention of threats of loss of economic safety by it. Methodology of research. The methodological basis of the article is the general provisions of economic theory, the work of economists on economic efficiency of production and economic security of enterprises. The following methods are used to analyse the state and main trends of economic security of the enterprise: the method of correlation and regression analysis - to determine the unknown parameters in matrix form and the vector of unknown parameters; methods of economic and mathematical modelling - for calculation of unknown parameters of multifactor regression. Findings. Methodical bases of definition of level of economic safety of the motor transport enterprise consisting of three blocks are developed: an estimation of a current condition of economic activity, a choice of factors of influence on economic safety and determining the level of economic security of the transport enterprise, each of which contains a set of actions, the implementation of which ensures the transition to the next block. Originality. Theoretical provisions are substantiated and the block diagram of definition of level of economic safety of the motor transport enterprise which is based on comparison of net operating incomes and operating expenses of the motor transport enterprise is developed. When the net operating income exceeds the total operating costs, the economic activity of the trucking company becomes profitable. But in order to talk about the economic security of its operating activities, the company needs a certain level of income that will cover the unforeseen costs associated with the influence of internal and external factors – “safety margin”. Practical value. The obtained results allow determining the level of economic security of motor transport enterprises and serving as a basis for further studies of the impact of internal and external factors on their activities and the mechanism for ensuring the success of these enterprises in the long term. Key words: economic security, motor transport enterprise, safety margin, levels of economic security, transition zone, vector of unknown parameters.
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Martins, Rosa, Haylemar de Nazaret Cardenas-Rodriguez, Levy Ely Lacerda Oliveira, Erik Leandro Bonaldi, Frederico de Oliveira Assuncao, Germano Lambert-Torres, Helcio Francisco Villa-Nova, et al. "Technical and Economic Analysis of the Implementation of a Self-Sustainable Briquetting Process for Electric Generation." Energies 15, no. 6 (March 15, 2022): 2146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062146.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The wood industry is an essential part of the economy of some regions in Brazil. Although the excess of wood residue is an environmental concern, it is also an alternative source for electricity generation. This allows for compliance with current legislation to minimize environmental impacts such as strategies to control the emission of pollutants and the decarbonization in the wood exploration activity. Despite this, the thermoelectric plants based on wood residues face problems associated with the low efficiency in generation due to the high moisture content of the residues, and challenges related to transport and storage. In this sense, this work is to evaluate the application of a self-sustainable briquetting plant as an alternative for solving the problems associated with the high moisture content, transport, and storage of wood residues. The aspects related to the construction of the briquetting plant and economic indicators associated with the economic feasibility, such as, the estimation of the net present value over the project lifecycle, internal rate of return and pay-back period, are also presented and discussed. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the plant mainly due to the better energy/volume ratio of the briquette (drying and compaction) and the transportation cost savings associated to the density of the compacted material.
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Tsimoshynska, O., M. Koval, H. Kryshtal, L. Filipishyna, W. E. Arsawan, and V. Koval. "Investing in road construction infrastructure projects under public-private partnership in the form of concession." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 2 (2021): 184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2021-2/184.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose. To substantiate an approach to road development investment management in Ukraine in compliance with the principle of syncretism and the use of Quality Function Deployment methodology, to improve the methodological approach to calculating the concession fee for brown-field and green-field road concession projects. Methodology. The study used a set of general and special methods of cognition: the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method, the environmental approach, multimodal analysis, Decoupling Index, Decoupling Factor, logical generalization, quantitative and qualitative comparison, scientific abstraction and systematization. Findings. According to the results of research on interrelation of cost of an investment project and volumes of works by their types, an economic-mathematical model of estimation of need for investments in projects for construction, reconstruction, repair and maintenance of public motor roads is offered. The proposed model, unlike the existing ones, is based on lateral understanding of the clarity of delineation of capital needs by type of road construction, which will provide taking management decisions on investment projects with model and information tools that will help obtain the most realistic assessment of need for capital needed to improve the transport operation condition of motor roads in Ukraine. Originality. The organizational-economic mechanism of management of investment activity of road economy and the estimation of efficiency of co-financing investment projects under programs on construction, reconstruction, repair and maintenance of motor roads is advanced. The diagnostics of efficiency of investment of construction of public motor roads under public-private partnership in the form of concession is improved. Practical value. The results of the study can be used in the activities of road industry of Ukraine for the development and implementation of investment projects under motor road development programs.
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Dubytskyi, Oleksandr, Valerii Dembitskyi, Irina Pavlova, and Pavlo Mazilyuk. "Increasing the efficiency of the activity of the transport and forwarding company." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Transport 11, no. 1 (2020): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/2413-4503-2020-11-1-62-70.
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Rodrigues, Bruno Timóteo, Demetrio Antonio Zema, Javier González-Romero, Mikael Timóteo Rodrigues, Sérgio Campos, Pablo Galletero, Pedro Antonio Plaza-Álvarez, and Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja. "The Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for Estimating Soil Volumes Retained by Check Dams after Wildfires in Mediterranean Forests." Soil Systems 5, no. 1 (February 5, 2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems5010009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Check dams act as soil collectors during floods, thus retaining a large amount of sediments. The estimation of the soil volumes stored behind a check dam is a key activity for a proper design of these control works and for evaluation of soil delivery after restoration measures at watershed level. Several topographic techniques have been proposed for this activity, but the sediment wedge mapping tools are complex and time consuming. Conversely, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has been proposed to support aerophotogrammetric techniques for several survey activities with promising results. However, surveys by UAVs have never applied to calculate the size of the sediment wedge behind check dams that are built in fire-affected watersheds, where soil loss and sediment transport may be high after a wildfire. To fill this gap, this study evaluates the efficiency and efficacy of aerophotogrammetric surveys using UAVs to estimate the volume of the sediments stored behind ten check dams, built as post-fire channel treatment in a forest watershed of Castilla La Mancha (Central Eastern Spain). The results of the aerophotogrammetric technique were compared to traditional topographic surveys using a total station and GNSS/RTK, assumed as reference. The estimation of sediment wedge volume provided by UAVs was more accurate (mean RMSE of 0.432), extensive (density of mapped points of 328 m−2) and quick (two days of fieldwork) compared to surveys using the topographic method (RMSE < 0.04 m, six days of field work and density of mapped points of 0.194 m−2) by the topographic method. The differences in the sediment volume estimated by the two methods were not significant, but the UAV method was more accurate for the larger check dams. Moreover, a significant correlation was observed between the volume estimates provided by the two methods, shown by a coefficient of determination close to 0.98. Overall, these results propose a larger use of the aerial surveys for mapping activities in channels regulated by check dams, such as those built for restoration of fire-affected forest watersheds.
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Kashkanov, Andriy, Serhiy Reiko, Vasyl Diorditsa, Vitaliy Kashkanov, and Anastasia Kashkanova. "Improving the quality of auto-technical examination of road accidents in conditions of composition uncertainty." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Transport 12, no. 2 (February 2021): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/2413-4503-2020-12-2-61-67.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Decision-making in solving the problems of auto technical examination of road accidents (road accidents) is carried out in conditions of incomplete information, ie in conditions of uncertainty, which may be stochastic or fuzzy in nature, and therefore is compositional. When forming expert opinions of auto technical examination of road accident the general uncertainty is formed due to uncertainty of the chosen structure of model of road accident, experimental data, error of measuring devices, adequacy of model of road accident, uncertainty of indications of witnesses and other proofs, competence and honesty of the expert. The calculation of vehicle parameters in motor vehicle expertise in the vast majority of cases is performed without estimating the error of the results, which does not meet the requirements of the Law of Ukraine "On Metrology and Metrological Activity" and determines the relevance of improving methods of solving road accident technical examination. The paper reveals the prospects of improving the existing methods of assessing the effectiveness of braking of wheeled vehicles, as the main way to prevent accidents in road transport, which is regulated by the current Traffic Rules. The basic theoretical dependences which form a basis of the improved technique of estimation of parameters of movement of cars at braking are presented. Analysis of the results of the calculations shows that by taking into account the design of the braking system, type and condition of tires used in assessing braking efficiency, the improved technique avoids the same solutions within one category of vehicles, and taking into account stochastic and fuzzy uncertainty narrows the range of possible solutions by 49.4 %. The probability of occurrence of type I errors is reduced by 1.75-18.5%, and type II errors - by 43.1-67.8%.
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Kovács, György. "First Cost Calculation Methods for Road Freight Transport Activity." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 18, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ttj-2017-0010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The transport activity is one of the most expensive processes in the supply chain. Forwarding and transport companies focuses on the optimization of transportation and the reduction of transport costs. The goal of this study is to develop a method which calculate the first (prime) cost of a given transport task more precisely than the state of the art practices. In practice the calculation of transport fee depends on the individual estimation methods of the transport managers, which could result losses for the company. In this study the elaborated calculation method for total first cost is detailed for three types of fulfilment of transport tasks. The most common type of achievement is, when “own vehicle is used with own driver”. A software was also developed for this case based on the elaborated method. Based on the calculations of our software, the first cost can be defined quickly and precisely to realize higher profit.
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Xing, Jia, Siwei Li, Yueqi Jiang, Shuxiao Wang, Dian Ding, Zhaoxin Dong, Yun Zhu, and Jiming Hao. "Quantifying the emission changes and associated air quality impacts during the COVID-19 pandemic on the North China Plain: a response modeling study." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 22 (November 25, 2020): 14347–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14347-2020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Quantification of emission changes is a prerequisite for the assessment of control effectiveness in improving air quality. However, the traditional bottom-up method for characterizing emissions requires detailed investigation of emissions data (e.g., activity and other emission parameters) that usually takes months to perform and limits timely assessments. Here we propose a novel method to address this issue by using a response model that provides real-time estimation of emission changes based on air quality observations in combination with emission-concentration response functions derived from chemical transport modeling. We applied the new method to quantify the emission changes on the North China Plain (NCP) due to the COVID-19 pandemic shutdown, which overlapped the Spring Festival (also known as Chinese New Year) holiday. Results suggest that the anthropogenic emissions of NO2, SO2, volatile organic compound (VOC) and primary PM2.5 on the NCP were reduced by 51 %, 28 %, 67 % and 63 %, respectively, due to the COVID-19 shutdown, indicating longer and stronger shutdown effects in 2020 compared to the previous Spring Festival holiday. The reductions of VOC and primary PM2.5 emissions are generally effective in reducing O3 and PM2.5 concentrations. However, such air quality improvements are largely offset by reductions in NOx emissions. NOx emission reductions lead to increases in O3 and PM2.5 concentrations on the NCP due to the strongly VOC-limited conditions in winter. A strong NH3-rich condition is also suggested from the air quality response to the substantial NOx emission reduction. Well-designed control strategies are recommended based on the air quality response associated with the unexpected emission changes during the COVID-19 period. In addition, our results demonstrate that the new response-based inversion model can well capture emission changes based on variations in ambient concentrations and thereby illustrate the great potential for improving the accuracy and efficiency of bottom-up emission inventory methods.
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Korneev, K. A. "Assessing Institutional Readiness of East-Asian Countries to Pass over to Technologies of Hydrogen Power Engineering." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, no. 1 (February 14, 2022): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2022-1-5-15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Such states of East Asia as China, Japan, the Republic of Korea depend seriously on import of primary power resources. No wonder, they do their best to extend possibilities of renewable power engineering as the industry, which could cut volumes of crude oil, natural gas and coal import and provide higher power independence. The accident at the Fokusima-1 nuclear power station resulted in re-estimation of the place and role of nuclear power stations in the power generation structure not only in Japan. It formed another ground for accelerated introduction of renewable power engineering technologies. Apart from traditional solar and wind power stations we can see brand new solutions, among them the use of hydrogen for power needs. These technologies came into being in the 1960s – 1970s but only in the 2000s and later the acceptable level of security was reached as well as, at least partial commercial efficiency of using hydrogen as a power source in industry, municipal sector and transport. The article provides information about the readiness of formal institutions in the mentioned-above countries to pass over to hydrogen power plants, it also studies the present day investment mechanisms of supporting business in this field. To do this we should analyze the legal base of activity regulation in the sphere of production and consumption of hydrogen for power needs in China, Japan and the Republic of Korea and to compare results attained in this direction. This analysis could estimate a potential niche for Russia as an exporter of power hydrogen. Russia possesses all necessary resources for getting green hydrogen with the help of the hydrolysis method at hydroelectric stations. It is an acute trend as the ecologic situation in East-Asian states is continuously deteriorating.
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Кракос, Ю. Б., та А. О. Приходько. "ПОЗИЦІОНУВАННЯ ЛОГІСТИЧНОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА НА РИНКУ МЕБЛІВ ЗА УМОВ МІЖНАРОДНОГО СПІВРОБІТНИЦТВА". TIME DESCRIPTION OF ECONOMIC REFORMS, № 2 (30 липня 2019): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/cher.2019.2.02.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article deals with the issue of the expediency of identifying the criteria for the evaluation of international logistics freight forwarding organizations in the conditions of the rapid development of the Ukrainian furniture industry. The purpose of the research is to establish criteria for the evaluation of international logistics freight forwarding firms in view of the existing prospects in the development of the furniture industry in Ukraine and its definite orientation towards foreign economic activity. The object of the research is a logistics enterprise on the Ukrainian furniture market in a chain of international cooperation and interaction. The methods used in the research. The methodological basis for the study is the system of scientific methods used in the complex to achieve the goal and solve the tasks. The dialectical method made it possible to substantiate the causal relationships in the process of positioning a logistics company in the Ukrainian furniture market. The historical method has been used in the study of historical experience of the chronology of events and facts on the Ukrainian furniture market. In order to obtain research findings, also general scientific system and logical methods are used. The international conventions of bilateral treaties, legislative acts of Ukraine, reference books became the empirical base. The hypothesis of research. There is no unambiguous view on the problem of forming a single set of criteria for the assessment of international transport logistics intermediaries, therefore consideration and study of the peculiarities of the assessment of such elements of the international supply chain is open and necessary for the improvement of the activity of Ukrainian furniture enterprises. The statement of basic material. The factors that led to the activation of foreign economic activity at furniture enterprises were considered. The role and main advantages of using international forwarding intermediaries are established. The main shortcomings in the criteria sets in the existing methods of estimation of transport and logistics organizations are revealed. The originality and practical significance of the research is to offer evaluation criteria in the process of selecting potential international logistics freight forwarding partners, which should be observed by furniture companies. The expediency of using the proposed criteria was substantiated in order to facilitate the process of selecting potential transport and logistics partners for doing business in the furniture industry. Conclusions of the research. The direction of the Ukrainian market for the "conquest" of foreign markets, necessitates the improvement of existing methods for assessing the level of quality of international transport operations, helping management of logistics companies and clients to optimally assess the degree of service effectiveness, the level of satisfaction of customers, identify the weak and strong points within the framework of this activity , and adjust in accordance with this management system and innovate.
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Zhao, Y., L. Qiu, R. Xu, F. Xie, Q. Zhang, Y. Yu, C. P. Nielsen, et al. "Advantages of city-scale emission inventory for urban air quality research and policy: the case of Nanjing, a typical industrial city in the Yangtze River Delta, China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 13 (July 9, 2015): 18691–746. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-18691-2015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. With most eastern Chinese cities facing major air quality challenges, there is a strong need for city-scale emission inventories for use in both chemical transport modeling and the development of pollution control policies. In this paper, a high-resolution emission inventory of air pollutants and CO2 for Nanjing, a typical large city in the Yangtze River Delta, is developed incorporating the best available information on local sources. Emission factors and activity data at the unit or facility level are collected and compiled using a thorough onsite survey of major sources. Over 900 individual plants, which account for 97 % of the city's total coal consumption, are identified as point sources, and all of the emission-related parameters including combustion technology, fuel quality, and removal efficiency of air pollution control devices (APCD) are analyzed. New data-collection approaches including continuous emission monitoring systems and real-time monitoring of traffic flows are employed to improve spatiotemporal distribution of emissions. Despite fast growth of energy consumption between 2010 and 2012, relatively small inter-annual changes in emissions are found for most air pollutants during this period, attributed mainly to benefits of growing APCD deployment and the comparatively strong and improving regulatory oversight of the large point sources that dominate the levels and spatial distributions of Nanjing emissions overall. The improvement of this city-level emission inventory is indicated by comparisons with observations and other inventories at larger spatial scale. Relatively good spatial correlations are found for SO2, NOx, and CO between the city-scale emission estimates and concentrations at 9 state-opertated monitoring sites (R = 0.58, 0.46, and 0.61, respectively). The emission ratios of specific pollutants including BC to CO, OC to EC, and CO2 to CO compare well to top-down constraints from ground observations. The inter-annual variability and spatial distribution of NOx emissions are consistent with NO2 vertical column density measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). In particular, the Nanjing city-scale emission inventory correlates better with satellite observations than the downscaled Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC) does when emissions from power plants are excluded. This indicates improvement in emission estimation for sectors other than power generation, notably industry and transportation. High-resolution emission inventory may also provide a basis to consider the quality of instrumental observations. To further improve emission estimation and evaluation, more measurements of both emission factors and ambient levels of given pollutants are suggested; the uncertainties of emission inventories at city scale should also be fully quantified and compared with those at national scale.
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Zhao, Y., L. P. Qiu, R. Y. Xu, F. J. Xie, Q. Zhang, Y. Y. Yu, C. P. Nielsen, et al. "Advantages of a city-scale emission inventory for urban air quality research and policy: the case of Nanjing, a typical industrial city in the Yangtze River Delta, China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 21 (November 12, 2015): 12623–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-12623-2015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. With most eastern Chinese cities facing major air quality challenges, there is a strong need for city-scale emission inventories for use in both chemical transport modeling and the development of pollution control policies. In this paper, a high-resolution emission inventory (with a horizontal resolution of 3 × 3 km) of air pollutants and CO2 for Nanjing, a typical large city in the Yangtze River Delta, is developed, incorporating the best available information on local sources. Emission factors and activity data at the unit or facility level are collected and compiled using a thorough on-site survey of major sources. Over 900 individual plants, which account for 97 % of the city's total coal consumption, are identified as point sources, and all of the emission-related parameters including combustion technology, fuel quality, and removal efficiency of air pollution control devices (APCD) are analyzed. New data-collection approaches including continuous emission monitoring systems and real-time monitoring of traffic flows are employed to improve spatiotemporal distribution of emissions. Despite fast growth of energy consumption between 2010 and 2012, relatively small interannual changes in emissions are found for most air pollutants during this period, attributed mainly to benefits of growing APCD deployment and the comparatively strong and improving regulatory oversight of the large point sources that dominate the levels and spatial distributions of Nanjing emissions overall. The improvement of this city-level emission inventory is indicated by comparisons with observations and other inventories at larger spatial scale. Relatively good spatial correlations are found for SO2, NOx, and CO between the city-scale emission estimates and concentrations at nine state-operated monitoring sites (R = 0.58, 0.46, and 0.61, respectively). The emission ratios of specific pollutants including BC to CO, OC to EC, and CO2 to CO compare well to top-down constraints from ground observations. The interannual variability and spatial distribution of NOx emissions are consistent with NO2 vertical column density measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). In particular, the Nanjing city-scale emission inventory correlates better with satellite observations than the downscaled Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC) does when emissions from power plants are excluded. This indicates improvement in emission estimation for sectors other than power generation, notably industry and transportation. A high-resolution emission inventory may also provide a basis to consider the quality of instrumental observations. To further improve emission estimation and evaluation, more measurements of both emission factors and ambient levels of given pollutants are suggested; the uncertainties of emission inventories at city scale should also be fully quantified and compared with those at national scale.
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Pavlenko, О., and D. Velykodnyi. "FORMING OF A RATIONAL SCHEME OF SERVICING ORDERS FOR CARGO DELIVERY BY THE FREIGHT FORWARDING COMPANY." Municipal economy of cities 1, no. 154 (April 3, 2020): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-1-154-223-230.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper analyzes this day state of development and current trends in the forming of a rational scheme for servicing cargo delivery orders within the framework both individual enterprises and transport on the whole. It’s allowed to form the main purposes of the study this article. The scientific works about the cargo delivery improve-ment by the freight forwarding enterprise focus on the development of effective interaction between the process participants, but they don't consider possible changes in the execution of technological operations under the impact of relevant factors. It has been determined there is a need to choose a methodical approach to form a rational order servicing scheme to further reduce the cost of cargo delivery and accordingly to increase the profits of freight forwarding enterprise. Seven alternative schemes of servicing the order for the cargo delivery by the freight forwarding company have been proposed. They take into account the possible combinations of the relevant operations list execution that accompany the transport process organization and realization. The process of choosing a rational scheme for the cargo delivery is guided by the maximum profit and considers the established parameters, such as: the customer service scheme, the transportation distance, the volume of cargo. In order to obtain the most reliable data on the parameters of the transport process, the required number of observations has been determined; it amounted to 127 observations of the volume of shipment, and 142 ones of the delivery distanc-es. The developed plan of full-factorial experiment allows to adequately assessing the effect of initial parameters (a shipment volume and a delivery distance) on the efficiency criterion (an enterprise's profit). The model's reproducibility check was performed with use Cochran's criterion, that was amounted 0.9779; it means the experiment can will be reproduce. According to certain assumptions, values of initial data and duration of operations that were performed by the enterprise, it has been calculated the values of the elements of the estimation indicator – income and expenses for each scheme of service, as well as the efficiency criterion – the profit. On the basis of the regression analysis of the experiment's results, a regression model in linear form with a non-zero coefficient has been determined, in which each coefficient indicates the respective factor influence quantity on the resultant indicator – the profit. It is found this model is the most adequate because the value of the "R-square" is the largest and equal to 1. The results of the profit determination showed that the highest level of the indicator is achieved when servicing the order for cargo delivery of 21.45 tons for a distance of 1817 km according to the scheme service № 5; it is the least costly in terms of number of services, time of work execution, when the vehicles and handling machinery are used effectively enough. In this case the company makes a profit of 28951.86 UAH, which is many 26292.69 UAH than servicing the order the existing in the enterprise scheme № 2. Keywords: rational scheme, delivery, freight forwarding company, profit
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Gonçalves, Daniel Neves Schmitz, Renata Albergaria de Mello Bandeira, Mariane Gonzalez da Costa, George Vasconcelos Goes, Tássia Faria de Assis, Márcio de Almeida D’Agosto, Isabela Rocha Pombo Lessi de Almeida, and Rodrigo Rodrigues de Freitas. "A Multitier Approach to Estimating the Energy Efficiency of Urban Passenger Mobility." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 9, 2020): 10263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410263.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As society has experiences new modes of mobility in recent years, cities have planned to increase their energy efficiency as a way of reducing environmental impacts and promoting economic development. However, governments face difficulties in establishing mechanisms to determine the best actions in the management of urban mobility regarding energy efficiency and to elaborate a ranking of cities based on energy efficiency in order to better allocate resources. This is due to the complex nature of obtaining a wide range of activity and energy data from a single municipality, especially in data-scarce regions. This paper develops and applies a model for estimating the energy efficiency of urban mobility that is applicable to different contexts and backgrounds. The main contribution of the article is the use of a multitier approach to compare and adjust outputs, considering different transport configurations and data sets. The results indicate that variations in vehicle occupancy and individual motorized transport rates have a significant impact on energy efficiency, which reached 0.70 passenger-kilometers/MJ in Sorocaba, Brazil. However, as the use of electric vehicles increases in this city, this scenario is expected to change. Additionally, the method has been proven to be an important mechanism for benchmarking purposes and for the decision-making process for transport investments.
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Fülöp, Melinda Timea, Miklós Gubán, György Kovács, and Mihály Avornicului. "Economic Development Based on a Mathematical Model: An Optimal Solution Method for the Fuel Supply of International Road Transport Activity." Energies 14, no. 10 (May 20, 2021): 2963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102963.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to globalization and increased market competition, forwarding companies must focus on the optimization of their international transport activities and on cost reduction. The minimization of the amount and cost of fuel results in increased competition and profitability of the companies as well as the reduction of environmental damage. Nowadays, these aspects are particularly important. This research aims to develop a new optimization method for road freight transport costs in order to reduce the fuel costs and determine optimal fueling stations and to calculate the optimal quantity of fuel to refill. The mathematical method developed in this research has two phases. In the first phase the optimal, most cost-effective fuel station is determined based on the potential fuel stations. The specific fuel prices differ per fuel station, and the stations are located at different distances from the main transport way. The method developed in this study supports drivers’ decision-making regarding whether to refuel at a farther but cheaper fuel station or at a nearer but more expensive fuel station based on the more economical choice. Thereafter, it is necessary to determine the optimal fuel volume, i.e., the exact volume required including a safe amount to cover stochastic incidents (e.g., road closures). This aspect of the optimization method supports drivers’ optimal decision-making regarding optimal fuel stations and how much fuel to obtain in order to reduce the fuel cost. Therefore, the application of this new method instead of the recently applied ad-hoc individual decision-making of the drivers results in significant fuel cost savings. A case study confirmed the efficiency of the proposed method.
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Тюленев, К. Г. "Management of multimodal transportation based on methodology for estimating gross profit per time period." MORSKIE INTELLEKTUAL`NYE TEHNOLOGII)</msg>, no. 1(55) (March 3, 2022): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37220/mit.2022.55.1.018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Система линейных контейнерных перевозок является одним из важнейших компонентов товаропроводящей сети, обеспечивающей связанность территорий, конкурентоспособность промышленности, развитие внешнеэкономической деятельности. В результате структурных изменений в мировом промышленном производстве линейные контейнерные перевозки получили динамичный импульс развития. В представленной статье рассмотрены специализированные методические подходы к обеспечению эффективности организации линейных контейнерных сервисов с использованием водного и наземного транспорта, определена целесообразность интегрированного управления мультимодальными контейнерными перевозками, сформирован комплекс мер, способствующих привлечению дополнительных грузопотоков, развитию экспорта транспортных услуг и цифровой трансформации в сфере мультимодальных контейнерных перевозок. Внедрение интегрированных инструментов управления линейными контейнерными перевозками позволяет повысить эффективность товародвижения. Линейное контейнерное судоходство ввиду этого становится основой транспортной интеграции при осуществлении международных мультимодальных перевозок. Эффективное использование активов линейного судоходства способствует повышению конкурентоспособности мультимодальных сервисов и российской терминальной инфраструктуры, стимулирует инвестиционный спрос, увеличение объемов производства в регионах, тяготеющих к портам, рост транзитного грузооборота, внося вклад в поступательное развитие внешней торговли и транспортной системы страны. The system of liner container shipping is one of most important components in the commodity distribution network, enabling the connectivity of territory, competitiveness of industry and development of foreign economic activity. As a result of structural changes in world industrial production, liner container shipping achieved a dynamic development acceleration. Represented article reflects specialized methodological approaches for providing the effectiveness of line container services applying water and land transport, verifies the reasonability of integrated management for multimodal container transportation, forming complex measures supporting the increase of line cargo traffic, developing export of transport services and digital transformation in the sphere of multimodal container transportation. Implementation of integrated procedures for managing liner container transportation is facilitating the efficiency of merchandise flows. On this evidence liner container shipping becomes the basis of transport integration in the international multimodal transportation. Efficient use of liner shipping assets provides the increase of competitiveness for multimodal services and Russian terminal infrastructure, stimulates investment demand, increase of production volumes in regions located towards ports, and the growth of transit cargo turnover, contributing to the progressive development of national transport system and foreign trade.
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Pickford, Michael. "A brief reply to Ernest Albuquerque." Policy Quarterly 9, no. 4 (November 1, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/pq.v9i4.4463.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mr Albuquerque challenges my article in Policy Quarterly (Volume 9, Issue 3, 2013) on three main grounds. Firstly, he uses the well-known limitations of standard cost-benefit analysis (CBA) in transport project appraisals as the basis for claiming that the ‘strategic fit’ and ‘effectiveness’ criteria adopted by the NZTA lead to a better estimation of the total economic impact of the proposed activity than using the ‘efficiency’ criterion alone. He implies that these criteria attempt to capture the impact of large transport schemes on long-term land use development and on induced traffic effects. However, he does not substantiate this claim, and it is unclear how use of these criteria could achieve that goal.
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Danylenko, Viktoria, and Tatiana Borovik. "TRANSPORT LOGISTICS AS A FACTOR OF SUPPORTING FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF DOMESTIC ENTERPRISES." Economic scope, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2224-6282/177-6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to the active development of international cooperation, the issues of optimizing the process of planning and organizing the international delivery of goods and resources to the final consumer, in other words, the need for efficient transport logistics is growing. The purpose of the study is to determine the problems and prospects of transport logistics using in the foreign economic activity of domestic enterprises. Transport is one of the most important sectors of the Ukrainian economy. The share of transport services is quite significant in the structure of foreign trade of services in Ukraine. Exports of transport services in 2020 amount to 4.88 billion dollars, which is 43.7% of total exports of services. Imports – is 1.01 billion dollars (19.5%). Modern conditions of the freight market are characterized by increased competition, reduced profits, increased and emerging new requirements for the quality of services provided. Market conditions are becoming increasingly difficult for logistics and freight forwarding companies. The dynamics of cargo turnover and cargo transportation by types of transport in Ukraine has been studied and the tendency to decrease the volume of cargo turnover in recent years has been revealed. Features of transport and logistics services are considered. It is noted that the transport and logistics support of foreign economic activity should be aimed at: assessing the system of transport and logistics services for compliance with customer requirements, the structure of transport demand, based on market trends; determination of specialized transport and logistics needs, status and dynamics of demand for logistics services; study of the system of organizational and economic interaction of participants of specialized transport and logistics services of cargo transportation of enterprises. Perspective ways of improving domestic transport logistics in the field of foreign economic activity are identified, including: ensuring safe operation of transport; improving the mechanism of sanctions for violating safety rules in transport; improving energy efficiency of vehicles; optimization of multimodal logistics schemes operation; efficient use of logistics infrastructure through improved transportation management, warehousing and information systems.
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Villagra, Damian, Ana García-Cegarra, Diego I. Gallardo, and Aldo S. Pacheco. "Energetic Effects of Whale-Watching Boats on Humpback Whales on a Breeding Ground." Frontiers in Marine Science 7 (January 11, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.600508.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Interactions between whale-watching boats and cetaceans can lead to changes in their behavior. From a management perspective, it is important to understand how this type of disturbance can be translated into physiological effects, such as changes in their energetic metabolism. Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) typically do not feed while in breeding grounds, thus they depend on finite energy reserves. The effect of whale-watching boats on the energetic metabolism of humpback whales, in the breeding ground of northern Peru (4°10′35″S, 81°08′03″W) was evaluated. Groups of humpback whales were tracked from land, under the following scenarios: with, without, and before-during-after the presence of whale-watching boats. Mass-specific cost of transport (COT) was used as a proxy of energetic efficiency and calculated from swimming speed and breath frequency estimations. No differences were detected in breath frequency, swimming speed, and COT when comparing whales with and without boats. However, in the presence of boats, swim speed increased, and COT decreased as the number of boats increased. Exponential increment in breathing frequency at higher swimming speed was not detected. The absence of swimming speeds beyond the assumed optimal range suggested no shifts into metabolic inefficiency. Our results suggest optimal swimming speed between 2 and 4.05 m/s, representing COT values between 0.020 and 0.041 J × (kg × m)–1. In light of our results, we encourage the implementation of regulations of the activity, particularly limiting the number of boats interacting with the same group of humpback whales.