Дисертації з теми "Estimation géostatistique"
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Bordessoule, Jean-Luc. "Estimation géostatistique d'un gisement d'uranium multicouche." Paris, ENMP, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ENMP0226.
Повний текст джерелаBez, Nicolas. "Statistiques individuelles et géostatistique transitive en écologie halieutique." ENSMP, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENMP0736.
Повний текст джерелаSchaub, François. "Estimation géostatistique de l'impédance acoustique après migration prestack en profondeur." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002987.
Повний текст джерелаSchaub, François. "Estimation géostatistique de l’impédance acoustique après migration prestack en profondeur." Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENMP1449.
Повний текст джерелаOne of the main goal of geosciences in the petroleum industry is to build accurate and predictive reservoir models, expressed in terms of properties such as geological facies, porosity or acoustic impedance. The seismic reflection technique, at the base of geophysical prospecting, provides the reflection coefficients associated to the geological interfaces. These coefficients give information about the subsurface structures and allow us to estimate the layers petroacoustic properties. We use a preserved amplitude prestack depth migration which gives the depth migrated seismic data, where reflectivity variations versus angle are conserved. The variation analysis is done with the common image gathers sections along trajectories defined by the reflectivity variations with the angle. These trajectories provide a geology depth structural interpretation (the skeleton) with two major AVA attributes: intercept and gradient. A horizon picking phase using both skeletons defines the intervals where the simulation will be achieved. Then, after the interpretation of the hydrocarbons anomalies over the seismic and AVA attributes sections, we propose to locally constrain the geostatistical simulation in order to reproduce these anomalies. To handle it, we use the relationship between the acoustic impedance and the intercept. This method finally provides a depth acoustic impedance section, valid over the whole studied area, which contains the hydrocarbon anomalies for a possible oil and gas exploration & production
Dong, Anne. "Estimation géostatistique des phénomènes régis par des équations aux dérivées partielles." Paris, ENMP, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ENMP0179.
Повний текст джерелаParscau, Du Plessix Jérôme de. "Estimation locale des paramètres d'anisotropie en milieux transversalement isotropes (TI)." Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10132.
Повний текст джерелаKoneshloo, Mohammad. "Caractérisation, estimation et valorisation de gisements d'argiles kaoliniques du bassin des Charentes." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00199226.
Повний текст джерелаLes gisements récemment mis en exploitation, sont relativement plus riches en alumine que ceux déjà épuisés. Ces nouveaux gisements, plus profonds que les anciens, ont subi des phénomènes postsédimentaires plus intenses. Dans cette étude on compare des données chimiques des différents gisements de Bassin des Charentes. La formation des argiles hyperalumineuses est particulièrement étudiée. On essaie d'améliorer la connaissance des gisements en utilisant les analyses statistiques. Les données disponibles sont les résultats d'analyses chimiques des échantillons carottés des argiles kaoliniques.
Des méthodes géostatistiques sont proposées pour l'étude de ces gisements et sont appliquées à certains d'entre eux. Les problèmes de l'utilisation des outils de la géostatistique pour ce genre de dépôt sont abordés et on essaie de présenter des démarches adaptées.
Ces outils nous permettent de mettre en évidence l'importance d'une connaissance de la variabilité spatiale des éléments chimiques dans ce gisement pour mieux gérer les opérations d'exploration, d'extraction et de classification des dépôts de kaolin.
Des simulations géostatistiques permettent de visualiser la variabilité spatiale des différentes catégories d'argile. Elles ont été mises en oeuvre dans le cadre de la méthode des plurigaussiennes seuillées. Deux cas ont été traités : simulation de faciès argileux fondés principalement sur des critères visuels, et simulation de classes d'argile définies à partir de leur teneur en Al2O3.
Faraj, ʿAbdelmalek. "Techniques géostatistiques au service de l’aménagement de la pêcherie céphalopodière marocaine." Paris, ENMP, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005805.
Повний текст джерелаThe regulation of the cephalopod fishery off Morocco is mainly focused on catch limitation of the target specie, octopus (Octopus vulgaris). Its exploitable biomass is estimated by direct assessments through scientific surveys. These have to (i) provide a good estimator - unbiased and accurate – of the global abundance with its estimation variance and stock distribution maps, (ii) monitor the spatio-temporal dynamic of the octopus, whose knowledge is essential for management. To achieve this: • The spatial features of the octopus densities are described and the conditions of stationarity are analyzed on the basis of historical data. • Methods for global estimation - transitive and intrinsic - are applied taking into account the data characteristics, including non-stationarity on the probabilistic intrinsic approach and the uncontrolled sampling on the deterministic transitive approach. • The spatial pattern of the octopus is described using geostatistical indicators. It is characterized by a widespread distribution of the spawning stock over the continental shelf and a coastal recruitment success. Some important implications for management are discussed. Finally, this work is seen within larger context of the cephalopod fishery management and the new fishing policy. New perspectives for the application of the geostatistical techniques and the spatial statistics are considered for stock assessments, especially of the octopus
Aubry, Philippe. "Le traitement des variables régionalisées en écologie : apports de la géomatique et de la géostatistique." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10013.
Повний текст джерелаBaume, Olivier. "Approche géostatistique de l'influence des paramètres physiques sur la propagation acoustique à grande distance." Le Mans, 2006. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2006/2006LEMA1019.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаIn non-urban zones, the long range sound propagation for road or industrial sources is highly dependent on the boundary conditions (ground characteristics) and on the stability conditions of the surface boundary layer of the atmosphere. Therefore the characterization of the sound propagation conditions are meant to include the micrometeorological information. Besides, the relation between propagation conditions and the acoustic level is statistically uncertain. The purpose of the thesis is to bring new ideas and methods on the problem of time and space estimation of the acoustic field an its related parameters of influence within the geostatistical framework. First, acoustic time series are analysed. The experimental variogram of the series gives an image of the autocorrelation, the shape of which we try to explain with the corresponding micrometeorological conditions. The second part of the work is focused on both time and space evolution of the ground properties of an average field. The ground specifie air flow resistivity is the main parameter of the study. An ordinary Kriging technique is used for mapping. Conditional simulations are also obtained and can be utilized in future studies as input data in complex numerical models. Third, when considering the acoustic field as a stochastic field, it is possible to analyse in situ data. We develop a method of space estimation of the sound level using geostatistical tools combining both a simple physical model and a random model of the fluctuations
Gabriel, Edith. "Détection de zones de changement abrupt dans des données spatiales et application à l'agriculture de précision." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20107.
Повний текст джерелаPannecoucke, Léa. "Combinaison de la géostatistique et des simulations à base physique – application à la caractérisation de panaches de contaminants." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM047.
Повний текст джерелаA major issue concerning the remediation of industrial plants is the characterization of contamination within soils and groundwater. Two classical approaches are combined in this work: geostatistics and numerical simulations of flow and transport. It aims at improving the estimates of radionuclide activities by taking into account physically-based information into a mathematical model. Two methods are introduced in this work. They are both based on a large number of simulations of contaminant plumes, taking into account the uncertainties on input parameters. The first method is kriging with an external drift, in which the drift is the average of the simulations. The second method is kriging with a non-stationary empirical variogram computed from the set of simulations, which models the spatial structure of the phenomenon under study. The performances of the methods are first assessed on a synthetic test case, which deals with the migration of a tritium plume in the unsaturated zone of a sandy aquifer. Then, they are assessed on two datasets collected around Chernobyl nuclear plant. The results underline the benefit of combining geostatistics and numerical simulations, especially when only few observations are available
Lasm, Théophile. "Hydrogéologie des réservoirs fracturés de socle : analyses statistique et géostatistique de la fracturation et des propriétés hydrauliques ; application à la région des montagnes de Côte d'Ivoire (domaine archéen)." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT2290.
Повний текст джерелаRicard, Nadine. "Estimation de teneurs en minéraux industriels par analyse d'images "in situ" : application au gisement d'andalousites de Glomel (Côtes d'Armor)." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20035.
Повний текст джерелаDubost, Julien. "Variabilité et incertitudes en géotechnique : de leur estimation à leur prise en compte." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13808/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe current evolution of the geotechnical engineering places the risk management of geotechnical origin in the heart of its objectives. We also notice that the complexity of the projects of development (through the objectives costs/deadline/performances which are sought) is increasing and that soil chosen to receive them present unusual geotechnical conditions. These unfavourable conditions usually mean a strong variability of the soil properties, which induces soil investigation and data analysis more difficult. This work of thesis deals with the characterization of the natural variability of soils and with the uncertainties dues to geotechnical investigations, with the aim to better take them into account in geotechnical engineering project. This work takes place in the context of the management of the risk of project with geotechnical origin. The main statistical tools used for describe the scattering of the data and their spatial variability (geostatistic), as well as the probabilistic methods enabling to use their results in calculations, are presented under the view of their application in geotechnical design. The approach is applied to a project of railway platform. This infrastructure was located on a site where the geology and the geotechnical conditions are complex, and which present important deformations due to the soil settlements. A new analysis of geotechnical data was started again. First, geotechnical data were included in a database in order to ease their statistical and geostatistical treatment. Their statistical and spatial variability were characterized allowing a better understanding of the site. The geologic and geotechnical model so established was then used to assess the settlement effects. An analysis in three levels is proposed: global, local and spatial, which give means to estimate the settlement values and its uncertainty, respectively, on the scale of the site, on the boring points, and on zone of study according to the spatial connectivity of soil properties. The results clearly show the interest of statistical and geostatiscal methods in characterizing complex sites and in the elaboration of a relevant geologic and geotechnical model. The settlement analysis proposed highlight that the parameter uncertainties are of first importance on the design calculations and explain the global behaviour of the infrastructure. These results can be translated in the form of a reliabilitry analysis which can be then used in a process of decision-making and risk management. In a wider way, this work of thesis contributes toward the elaboration and the analysis of the geotechnical investigations, with the aim to identify, to estimate and to take into account the variability and the uncertainties of the data during the various stages of the project. It leads to better control of the risk of geotechnical origin
Xu, Shan. "Caractérisation de l’environnement karstique de la grotte de Lascaux par couplage de méthodes géophysique, statistique et géostatistique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0244/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Lascaux cave, one of the most important prehistoric caves in the world, located in Dordogne (24, France) needs particular attention both for itself and for the environment interms of conservation and vulnerability since its discovery. Geophysical methods in particular Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) enable us, in a non-invasive way, to monitor the karsticenvironment.A Time-Lapse monitoring by ERT was carried out next to the cave. Together with analysis of the local effective rainfall (ground water recharge) and the flow in the cave, the monitoringhelped us to identify an area where upstream underground water is probably stored e.g. arecharge zone. There is a large electrical contrast between the surrounding limestone and theprobable recharge zone. Then, a multivariate analysis through the resistivity values allowed usto characterize the model blocks, showing a specific behavior over time, especially the blockswith the lowest electrical resistivity. A prediction model of the flow in relation with the recharge zone succeeded to predict the beginning and the end of flow, even the daily event withextremely high value of flow.In order to visualize the environment in 3D condition, a geostatistical modelling was then applied to the resistivity values. The geostatistical models can emphasize the limit betweenthe limestone promontory and the clayey/sandy formations to the east/west part of the site. In the limestone promontory, the models also showed the possible connection between theanomalous conductive areas that may have a special consequence in this karstic environment.The Time-Lapse monitoring by ERT allows us to understand the karstic structures andrecharge phenomena. The 3D geostatistical modeling showed efficiency for the characterization of the cave environment. Those results can help to provide advices for the cave preservation
Cavalcante, Fraga Luis Henrique. "Caractérisation des sols pollués via des méthodes géophysiques : couplage entre le diagnostic conventionnel et les méthodes géophysiques pour estimer la distribution spatiale des polluants à l’aide du formalisme géostatistique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS645.
Повний текст джерелаThe spatial characterization of pollution sources is a key step for estimating the costs of the rehabilitation of contaminated sites. Geochemical sampling is costly and time-consuming and only allows punctual information about contamination levels. This PhD work evaluated the electromagnetic mapping method (EMI) for imaging the physical properties of the subsoil to (1) define geophysical measurement protocols and (2) exploit spatialized geophysical and geochemical data for a better estimation of hydrocarbon-polluted soil volumes through geostatistical formalism. The results at the Poitiers’ site, located in a peri-urban context with an unknown backfill coverage, highlighted the sensitivity of the EMI method for determining the geometry of the backfill layer. The new geophysical measurement strategy applied at the Rouen’s site, which is heavily polluted with hydrocarbons and located in an urban environment, has been modified with exhaustive EMI mapping, electrical resistivity and polarization tomography, ground penetrating radar and physical measurements at sample scale. The multivariate statistical analysis indicated an overall correlation between the hydrocarbon levels and the apparent electrical conductivities measured by the EMI method. Nevertheless, the heterogeneity of the urban fill, surface facilities and a discontinuous aquifer have severely disrupted EMI measurements. Despite the decrease in the variance of estimation error when geophysical data have been integrated into geostatistical models, linear correlations are still weak. A novel geophysical measurement protocol has been designed and demonstrated its potential for assessing contaminated sites
Zahaby, Mohamed El. "Contribution à la définition d'une norme des sites pollués : élaboration d'une méthodologie pour l'évaluation de la contamination d'un sol par éléments tracés." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL045N.
Повний текст джерелаWalker, Emily. "De la trajectoire des prédateurs à la cartographie de leurs proies : estimation spatiale de l'activité des senneurs et des thonidés dans l'Océan indien." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00552183.
Повний текст джерелаBernard-Michel, Caroline. "Indicateurs géostatistiques de la pollution dans les cours d’eau." Paris, ENMP, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENMP1367.
Повний текст джерелаIn order to assess river quality, different parameters such as nutrients concentrations are measured in different monitoring stations, setting up a very important but heterogeneous database. The French evaluation system of water quality recommends to summarize the information contained in these measurements by a few statistical indicators such as the annual mean of concentrations or the 90% quantile. They are estimated using the classical statistical inference based on hypothesis proved to be incorrect: time correlations and seasonal variations are ignored. Actually, in France, nitrate concentrations are generally higher in winter. Biases and confidence intervals can be reduced by kriging or segments of influence and a linear interpolation of the empirical quantile is proposed. Methods are analysed theoretically and experimentally on the Loire Bretagne basin. Estimating indicators along a stream network then requires specific models of random functions because usual covariance models are no longer valid on such structures. We propose a global model of random functions along a tree graph introducing the concept of “elementary thin streams”, defined by the whole set of paths between sources and outlet. At each point of the network, the river is considered to be the linear combination of these streams on which one dimensional stationary random functions are defined. An application to water discharge on the Moselle Basin (north-east of France) is presented
Ahmed, Shakeel. "Estimation des transmissivités des aquifères par des méthodes géostatistiques multivariables et résolution indirecte du problème inverse." Paris, ENMP, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENMP0096.
Повний текст джерелаGalle, Sylvie. "Analyse des champs spatiaux par utilisation de la télédétection : estimation de la durée quotidienne d'insolation en France à l'aide d'images du satellite Météosat et de mesures sol." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00694114.
Повний текст джерелаSeck, Ibrahim. "Estimation et prévision immédiate des précipitations sur un bassin urbain." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC055.
Повний текст джерелаGood quality rainfall estimations and nowcasts are an essential prerequisite for the development of reliable flash flood warning systems, especially for urban catchments, where the socioeconomic consequences of hazardous precipitation events are high. The risks posed by such extreme events are further heightened because of climate change. In this context, this thesis aims to investigate the potential of using a small weather radar in combination with the local rain gauge and national radar networks to improve the quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) of rainfall, and to deliver reliable nowcasts. This research was carried out in the flood prone urban catchment of Clermont Ferrand-Riom.To improve QPEs with a high spatiotemporal resolution (5 minutes and a 100 m), the performance of geostatistical interpolation techniques has been investigated using rain gauge data as a primary variable and X-band radar data as a secondary variable for the kriging with an external drift and conditional merging techniques. Radar data was used for the inference of climatological variograms for each precipitation type (stratiform, convective or mixed) for all geostatistical interpolation techniques including ordinary kriging. The long-term evaluation of these techniques shows the benefit of using the geostatistical approach to merge rain gauge and radar data, especially to capture the spatial variability of rainfall. Additionally, two methods were examined to combine the X-band LAWR (Local Area Weather Radar) data with the PATNTHERE product (Rainfall sums with a resolution of 5 minutes and 1 km, provided by the national weather service Météo-France). The first method uses the PANTHERE product (using mainly a C-band radar over the area of interest) to correct X-band data from attenuation effects, and the second one consists of applying a quantile-quantile correction to the X-band data using the PANTHERE product to take advantage of its overall better measurement accuracy, both methods have shown satisfactory results in terms of reducing bias of X-band radar data in comparison with rain gauge data.In the second section of this research, a feature-based forecasting method has been applied to two rainfall events in order to investigate the ability of the X-band LAWR of providing reliable nowcasts. The method includes several steps aimed at identifying, tracking, and then interpolating the features of rainfall cells such as area, speed, and average precipitation intensity. The application of this method on two case studies shows that it provided satisfactory results for forecast lead times up to 30 minutes but efficiency degrades for further time frames.In conclusion, the research carried out in this thesis indicates that local X-band LAWR have great potential for rain estimates and forecast and should be considered in the development of flash flood warning systems, especially for urban catchments
Srikhum, Piyawan. "Statistiques spatiales et étude immobilière." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767315.
Повний текст джерелаRakhmatullaev, Shavkat. "Amélioration des méthodes opérationnelles pour l'évaluation de la capacité utile de stockage des barrages à l'aide d'outils de géo-information. Etude du barrage d'Akdarya, Province de Samarkand, Ouzbékistan." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551440.
Повний текст джерелаBlanc, Rémi. "Apport des statistiques spatiales à l'élaboration de critères d'homogénéité et à l'inférence en analyse de textures : application à la caractérisation de matériaux." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00168074.
Повний текст джерелаLa première partie consiste en une formalisation du problème en termes statistiques.
Dans une seconde partie, nous présentons deux familles de méthodes paramétriques permettant le calcul de la variance d'estimation, de même que les relations entre ces deux familles. Nous montrons cependant les difficultés liées à leur mise en œuvre dans le contexte applicatif envisagé.
La troisième partie est consacrée à l'étude d'une méthode non paramétrique basée sur un sous-échantillonnage par blocs. Elle permet une estimation de la variance d'estimation dont les propriétés sont analysées dans le cadre général de la décomposition de Wold des processus stationnaires 2-D. Cette analyse exhaustive nous permet de proposer des critères objectifs qualifiant l'homogénéité de la moyenne et de la variance d'une texture, propriété nécessaire pour l'inférence statistique.
Enfin, dans une dernière partie, ces critères sont appliqués et validés dans un contexte industriel de caractérisation de matériaux composites par analyse d'image.
Kirstetter, P. E. "ESTIMATION QUANTITATIVE DES PRECIPITATIONS PAR RADAR METEOROLOGIQUE : INFERENCE DE LA STRUCTURE VERTICALE DES PLUIES, MODELISATION DES ERREURS RADAR-PLUVIOMETRES." Phd thesis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00355957.
Повний текст джерелаNOTRE CONTRIBUTION À CES TRAITEMENTS CONCERNE PARTICULIÈREMENT UNE SOURCE D'ERREUR POUR LA MESURE DES PRÉCIPITATIONS PAR RADAR MÉTÉOROLOGIQUE : L'HÉTÉROGÉNÉITÉ VERTICALE DES PRÉCIPITATIONS. NOUS NOUS PLAÇONS DANS LA CONTINUITÉ DE LA MÉTHODE À BASE STATISTIQUE D'IDENTIFICATION DU PROFIL VERTICAL DE RÉFLECTIVITÉ PAR INVERSION PROPOSÉE PAR ANDRIEU ET CREUTIN (1995). NOUS AVONS ÉTENDU CETTE MÉTHODE AU CAS DE SUPPORTS GÉOGRAPHIQUES ÉVOLUTIFS DANS LE TEMPS AFIN DE CONSIDÉRER LE TYPE DE PRÉCIPITATIONS (CONVECTIF, STRATIFORME).
L'ÉVALUATION DES TRAITEMENTS, PAR LA CARACTÉRISATION DE L'INCERTITUDE DE L'ESTIMATION DE PLUIE PAR RADAR, EST UN ASPECT IMPORTANT DU TRAVAIL. NOUS AVONS DÉVELOPPÉ UNE TECHNIQUE BASÉE SUR LA GÉOSTATISTIQUE POUR ÉTABLIR UNE PLUIE DE RÉFÉRENCE À PARTIR DE DONNÉES PLUVIOMÉTRIQUES. NOUS AVONS ÉGALEMENT DÉVELOPPÉ UN MODÈLE POUR CARACTÉRISER LA STRUCTURE STATISTIQUE DES ERREURS AINSI QUE LEUR STRUCTURE SPATIO-TEMPORELLE.
NOUS AVONS ENFIN DÉVELOPPÉ UNE APPROCHE D'IDENTIFICATION DU PVR À BASE PHYSIQUE. EN DIMINUANT LE NOMBRE DE PARAMÈTRE PAR RAPPORT À LA MÉTHODE INITIALE ET EN INTRODUISANT DES CONTRAINTES PLUS PHYSIQUES, CETTE APPROCHE VISE À AMÉLIORER LA ROBUSTESSE D'IDENTIFICATION DU PVR.