Дисертації з теми "Estimation de parc éolien"
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Bezerra, Rufino Ferreira Paiva Eduardo. "Wind Velocity Estimation for Wind Farms." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPSLM046.
This thesis designs algorithms to estimate the wind speed and direction for wind turbines and wind farms.First, we propose data-based methods to estimate the Rotor Effective Wind Speed (REWS) for a single turbine without prior knowledge of certain physical parameters of the turbine that might be unknown to an operator.We provide two data-based methods, based respectively on Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) and on an combination of GPR with high-gain observers.Second, grounding on this REWS estimation at the local level of one turbine, we address the question of estimating the free-flow wind at the level of a wind farm.We start by focusing on wind speed estimation, for a given known wind direction. For a wind farm with a simple geometry, we prove that a local speed measurement disturbed by the presence of the turbines can be used to estimate the free-flow wind speed. We ground our estimation methodology on a simplified wake model, which consists of first-order hyperbolic partial differential equations, the transport speed of which is the free-flow wind speed. We propose to use an analytical solution of these equations, involving transport delays, to perform an estimate of the local measurement and to update the free-flow wind speed estimate. We formally prove the convergence of this estimate and numerically illustrate the efficiency of this method.Finally, we move to a more general setup where both the free-flow wind speed and direction are unknown. We propose to use a two-dimensional wake model and to rely on an optimization-based method. This identification problem reveals to be particularly challenging due to the appearance of transport delays, but we illustrate how to circumvent this issue by considering an average value of the free flow wind speed history. Simulation results obtained with the simulator FAST.Farm illustrate the interest of the proposed method
Dumortier, Baldwin. "Contrôle acoustique d'un parc éolien." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0131/document.
Currently, acoustic studies are required to set wind farms up. They must ensure the tranquility of the inhabitants around the farms in accordance with current regulations. For this purpose, acoustic measurements are made during a couple of weeks. When measuring, the wind turbines are periodically stopped in order to evaluate the difference between ambient noise levels (with the turbines on) and residual noise levels (with the turbines off). A curtailment plan is then computed and sent to the wind farm owner in order to set it up in the local turbine control system (SCADA). Currently, the curtailment plan roughly depends on the weather conditions and the time of the day which are allegedly correlated to the acoustic variables. In practice, it frequently leads to violations of the acoustic constraints or electrical power loss. This is because the acoustic conditions constantly and strongly evolve over time: the wind turbine noise level finely depends on the weather conditions and the residual noise level depends on all the other acoustic sources and has therefore a stochastic nature. The goal of the thesis is to design a principled real-time control algorithm for wind farms. To do so, we investigate the use of a black-box source separation system that estimates the residual noise level and the wind turbine noise level. We first provide a theoretical formulation of the problem by accounting for specific practical issues, by defining the variables of the problem and by binding these issues to the state of the art. Then, we propose two complete control solutions and run an experimental evaluation. The first solution is a deterministic algorithm based on a constrained combinatorial optimization algorithm, which is inspired by the current approach for controlling wind farms while exploiting the source separation system. Moreover, we present a study of its ability to fulfill the French acoustic constraints that are computed as temporal medians of the acoustic variables. The second solution is stochastic and based on a state-space model defined by means of Gaussian uncertainties. It features a nonlinear Kalman filter in order to fuse the uncertainties of the model and of the source separation system, an Expectation-Maximization algorithm that computes the uncertainties for a specific farm, and a robust variant of the deterministic algorithm that takes the estimated uncertainties into account when computing the optimal command
Dumortier, Baldwin. "Contrôle acoustique d'un parc éolien." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0131.
Currently, acoustic studies are required to set wind farms up. They must ensure the tranquility of the inhabitants around the farms in accordance with current regulations. For this purpose, acoustic measurements are made during a couple of weeks. When measuring, the wind turbines are periodically stopped in order to evaluate the difference between ambient noise levels (with the turbines on) and residual noise levels (with the turbines off). A curtailment plan is then computed and sent to the wind farm owner in order to set it up in the local turbine control system (SCADA). Currently, the curtailment plan roughly depends on the weather conditions and the time of the day which are allegedly correlated to the acoustic variables. In practice, it frequently leads to violations of the acoustic constraints or electrical power loss. This is because the acoustic conditions constantly and strongly evolve over time: the wind turbine noise level finely depends on the weather conditions and the residual noise level depends on all the other acoustic sources and has therefore a stochastic nature. The goal of the thesis is to design a principled real-time control algorithm for wind farms. To do so, we investigate the use of a black-box source separation system that estimates the residual noise level and the wind turbine noise level. We first provide a theoretical formulation of the problem by accounting for specific practical issues, by defining the variables of the problem and by binding these issues to the state of the art. Then, we propose two complete control solutions and run an experimental evaluation. The first solution is a deterministic algorithm based on a constrained combinatorial optimization algorithm, which is inspired by the current approach for controlling wind farms while exploiting the source separation system. Moreover, we present a study of its ability to fulfill the French acoustic constraints that are computed as temporal medians of the acoustic variables. The second solution is stochastic and based on a state-space model defined by means of Gaussian uncertainties. It features a nonlinear Kalman filter in order to fuse the uncertainties of the model and of the source separation system, an Expectation-Maximization algorithm that computes the uncertainties for a specific farm, and a robust variant of the deterministic algorithm that takes the estimated uncertainties into account when computing the optimal command
Leclerc, Christophe. "Simulation numérique de l'écoulement tridimensionnel turbulent dans un parc éolien." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0033/MQ38690.pdf.
Aimene, Merzak. "Services au système et gestion d'interactions énergétiques transitoires dans un parc éolien offshore." Thesis, Le Havre, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEHA0020/document.
The massive integration of intermittent production of wind energy in electrical networks creates an electrical system stability problem. Indeed, its characteristics are very different from those of conventional sources controlled by Grid managers. Therefore, the injection of this energy makes new challenges for power Grid operators. Moreover, the connection conditions are evolving and go towards the situations that all different sources participate into services of electrical systems. This thesis proposes a new nonlinear control strategy based on a « one loop flatness control » of a wind energy conversion system. This control strategy has aim of energy interactions management at the connection point through generation and tracking of reference trajectories. As all system variables are functions of the « flat output » of the system, this control provides fast response and good control in transient state. The application of this new control strategy into an offshore wind farm which is able to satisfy different connection conditions was simulated successfully. Specifically, effects of various grid faults on the proposed ancillary services (frequency and voltage regulation, and low-voltage ride through capabilities) were performed
Dabin, Nathalie. "Modélisation et optimisation de la production d'un grand parc éolien en climat nordique." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2008. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/153/1/DABIN_Nathalie.pdf.
Jourieh, Munif. "Développement d'un modèle représentatif d'une éolienne afin d'étudier l'implantation de plusieurs machines sur un parc éolien." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003390.
Pezy, Jean-Philippe. "Approche écosystémique d'un futur parc éolien en Manche orientale : exemple du site de Dieppe-Le Tréport." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC262.
The French government has set a target of 23% of energetic consumption derived from renewable energysources including Marine Renewable Energy for 2020. Eight offshore wind farms (OWF) are plannedalong the Atlantic-English Channel French coasts and among them Dieppe-Le Tréport site in the easternpart of the English Channel. In order to gain further knowledge on the ecosystem structure andfunctioning before the OWF installation, my PhD thesis is focused on the construction of an EcopathModel on the wind farm site in comparison with similar benthic habitats from the English Channel. Thecollection of new data on biological compartments (zooplankton, suprabenthos, meiofauna, benthos anddemersal fishes) are essential. Four cruises (summers 2014 /2015 and winters 2015 /2016) allowed toestimate the contribution of each zoological group in two main benthic habitats: i.e. sandy gravels andmedium clean sands, founded on the site (about 30 km²), corresponding to two microbenthiccommunities well represented in the English Channel. Macrofauna was sampled with a Van Veen grab,suprabenthos with a modified Macer-Giroq sledge in one station from each benthic habitat (day andnight sampling) and fish with a beam trawl in ten stations. A total of 1,584 demersal fishes has beencollected and their stomach contents has been examined. The results show the importance of largebivalves in the benthic biomass whereas the crustaceans are preferential preys of fishes. This link isdiscussed within the trophic network between consumed and non-consumed species of benthiccommunities, and the concept trophic ‘cul de sac’
Bouzoubaa, Maryem. "Stratégies de maintenance intégrée à la production d'énergie dans un parc éolien sous contraintes opérationnelles et environnementales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. https://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/DDOC_T_2021_0351_BOUZOUBAA.pdf.
Globally, the development of wind farms is experiencing exceptional growth, visible through the increase of wind power installed annually and global wind power production. 2020 was the best year in the history of the global wind industry and it is estimated that wind turbine installation should grow three times faster over the next decade. Any energy production system is subject to random breakdowns which trouble production plans. Aging, breakdowns and maintenance times are examples of random phenomena often observed in those systems. In the particular case of wind turbines, the highly volatile and uncertain nature of the wind means that the duration of maintenance actions must be minimized in order to maximize the availability of the wind turbine and therefore its energy production. In addition to this, the risks associated with maintenance make it the major cause of accidents in the wind energy sector. Considering the lack of training for maintenance technicians and the absence of a prevention plan, a maintenance plan optimizing the number of interventions and their duration and considerably reducing the technical, economic and human consequences linked to these operations is essential. Maintenance and production are two main functions for any type of production. In practice, these two functions are often managed separately despite being in reality so close. Indeed, integration policies can improve productivity and reduce costs considerably. In this context, the research work proposed in this thesis consists in determining new maintenance policies integrated into energy production for a wind farm. Two integrated maintenance strategies were tested: perfect then combined imperfect / selective coupled to energy production, satisfying a service rate while taking into account environmental and operational constraints and. Indeed, for each strategy developed, the goal is to simultaneously determine an economical energy production plan and an optimal maintenance plan minimizing a total cost of energy production and maintenance. The particularity of this study is to consider the impact of the variation in energy production on the degradation of the wind turbine. The problem was modeled by the development and optimization of analytical models, then validated by numerical examples and sensitivity studies proving the robustness of the analytical models developed
Macri, Stefano. "Contribution à l'optimisation de la gestion de production des parc éoliens." Thesis, Orléans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ORLE3068.
Last decades saw a huge increase of the global wind energy demand because of its crucial contribution to the reduction of the CO2 emission for power generation. This situation highlighted some challenging aspects, such as the necessity to improve power yield maximization strategies. Indeed, wind farms (WFs) experience wake interactions, leading to power losses and fatigue loads for wind turbines (WTs). Promising solutions to mitigate these effects are based on Wind Farm control. The most common solutions currently being studied are the induction and the yaw control (or wake steering) strategies by controlling WTs individually. The present work deals with yaw control strategies and aims to characterize the effect of wind turbine wake deviation on the dynamics and global load variations of a downstream wind turbine, during a positive and negative yaw manoeuvre representing a misalignment/realignment scenarii. These were reproduced in wind tunnels while modelling the WTs as porous discs. Experiments were performed at two reduction scales and for two inflow conditions: homogenous isotropic and turbulent, and atmospheric boundary layer flows. The transient processes during yaw maneuvers were analysed from PIV and load measurement. While overall results show a non-dependence on the wake and load dynamics of the flow conditions and Reynolds scales, they highlight an influence of the yaw maneuver direction. In addition, the wake interaction between two full-scale WTs was also analysed through the processing of WT operational data acquired during a measurement campaign from the SMARTEOLE project. Through inter-correlations of power time series, time delays between neighboring WT responses were quantified, and their dependence to the degree of wake interaction and to the incoming wind speed is finally assessed
Raoux, Aurore. "Approche écosystémique des énergies marines renouvelables : étude des effets sur le réseau trophique de la construction du parc éolien au large de Courseulles-sur-Mer et du cumul d'impacts." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC251.
As part of the energy transition, the French government is planning the construction of eightOffshore Wind Farms (OWF) along the English Channel and Atlantic coasts including the Courseulles-sur-mer OWF. Until now, there is no holistic study on the OWF construction and operation effects onan ecosystem taken as a whole. This thesis is the first study to lay the foundations for an ecosystemapproach of Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) through the Courseulles-sur-mer OWF example. For thata combination of innovative modelling tools was applied to 1) characterise the ecosystem structureand functioning before the OWF construction; 2) simulate the impacts of this future OWF on theecosystem structure and functioning. A food-web model and three scenarios were constructed toinvestigate the “reef” and “reserve” effects induced by the OWF on the ecosystem. Ecological NetworkAnalysis indices, other ecosystem attributes and Mean Trophic Level were derived to investigate theecosystem health and state.However, being aware that this ecosystem is threatened by multiple perturbations, there is aneed to understand how human activities interact to influence ecosystem functioning in a long termclimate change context. Thus, a holistic view of cumulated impacts on the Courseulles-sur-mer’ecosystem through the use of an oriented signed digraph was also developed. Results highlighted acombination of significant changes in the food-web structure and ecosystem functioning. These resultscan play a vital role in both decision making by improving long term planning for the marineenvironment but also as tool for communication with the public and so contribute to a betteracceptability of MRE project
Dahmani, Ouahid. "Modélisation, optimisation et analyse de fiabilité de topologies électriques AC de parcs éoliens offshore." Nantes, 2014. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=f600bf1d-f958-4169-862b-896e31b48209.
The aim of this thesis is to design connection topologies of AC power systems which optimize the energy efficiency of offshore wind farms with different power levels, taking into account technical constraints such as power losses, reliability and also economical aspect. First, a mono- and multi-objective optimization platform based on genetic algorithm and Prim’s algorithm was developed and tested with several objective functions. The suggested new technique of coding the network topology into a binary string enables to take into account the three parts of the electrical grid of an offshore wind farm, namely the connection among the wind turbines of the MV grid side, the locations of the offshore electrical substations and the connection map of the HV transmission system. Then, a comprehensive study is carried out on the power system reliability issues using several methods. Different electrical arrangements are analyzed according to both investment cost and energy loss in order to evaluate the effectiveness and the optimal locations of the redundant paths on the network. Three real offshore wind farms are studied, including the “Banc de Guérande” park with a capacity of 480 MW. The results prove the performance of this optimization approach and its usefulness during the planning phase of a radial or meshed electrical network in an offshore wind farm
Ikni, Djamel. "Production d’énergie marine : intégration de la production éolienne offshore dans un bouquet énergétique décentralisé." Thesis, Le Havre, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEHA0020/document.
The research work performed in this thesis is in the framework of issues related of renewable energies led by GREAH laboratory. The research work has been funded by Le Havre Municipality Assembly (CODAH). The requirements of power fluctuations in the grid are given by the grid code established by the electricity utilities companies in order to mitigate the impact of the wind power fluctuation on frequency and voltage in electrical grid. As wind energy has a fluctuating behavior, solutions have been proposed in this thesis for the situation where the power produced by an offshore wind power plant exceeds the threshold given by the grid code. Among the solutions, we can quote the ability of the wind power plant to smooth its own power production or integrate storage units. In the first case, the use of power reserve in wind turbines is possible and two methods have been proposed, and their performance evaluated. For the second solution, a methodology to find and to choose out the storage technology has been discussed. Proposals to build offshore wind farms with technologies using direct current (DC) have emerged. To get a coupling which fulfills the requirement of good reliability of power electronic devices used for the design of new wind farms, it has been proposed in this thesis adequate converters and control strategies that ensure their stability
Kermagoret, Charlène. "La compensation des impacts sociaux et écologiques pour les projets d'aménagement : acceptation, perceptions et préférences des acteurs du territoire. Application au projet de parc éolien en mer de la baie de Saint-Brieuc (Bretagne,France)." Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0126/document.
In the context of a territory suffering from the negative impacts of an infrastructure declared of public utility, territorial compensation consists of a set of measure that aims to help maintaining the level of well-being of each and every individual as well as a desirable ecological state. This way, territorial compensation allows to balance between the global scale of the project, in which only the positive impacts are taken into account, and the local scale where both positive and negative externalities of the project are running. Initiated by a questioning on how such a public policy tool can be deployed at the heart of specific territories, the main objective of this PhD work is to characterize the expectation of local stakeholders towards the perceived impacts awaited from the instatement of a development project. More specifically, this work relies on an analytical approach centered on the study of the perception of the stakeholders of the Bay of St-Brieuc territory (Western Brittany, France), who are directly concerned by an offshore wind farm project. To reach suchaims, complementary qualitative and quantitative methods are used such as fuzzy cognitive mapping and choice experiment method. Using this kind of approaches allowed us to better define several keys for understanding how local stakeholders perceive the impacts of such a project and agree or not with compensation being an appropriate answer regarding the negative impacts of the project and consider the implementation of compensation in reference to their preferences towards different types of action – monetary incentives, public goods investments, ecological restoration. Our results show very heterogeneous perceptions in between the different stakeholders that can in a large part beexplained using the concept of Communities of Practice. Finally, when the principle of compensation is accepted by allthe stakeholders of a territory, the equivalency logical that determines the compensation expectations can be of three types: a territorial equivalency, in which the benefits of compensation must be shared by all inhabitants of the impacted territory; an ecological equivalency, in which the level of ecological functions or ecosystem services is maintained constant; and an equivalency based on economic values that must balance the loss of benefits underwent by some professional activities
Ismail, Boussaad. "Contribution à la conception robuste de réseaux électriques de grande dimension au moyen des métaheuristiques d’optimisation." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1024.
Like many systems, an electrical power grid must contend with faillures which, given its higth connectivity, could spread to entire regions: this is referred to blackout (avalanche phenomena), ie. with large-scale consequences. The size of power grids and their complexity make difficult to grasp these locally emergent phenomena. There is a number of existing works that were based on extensive use of statistical physics tools. The adaptation of percolation's methods and the Self-Organized-Criticality systems provide practical tools to describe the statistical and topological properties of a network. Optimization tools by metaheuristics particularly, particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithms (GA) have proved to be the cornerstone of this work and helped to define operational structures. Works developed in this area are still emerging. This thesis brings a contribution in several ways. First of all, we have taken advantage in optimization technics to better "stiffen" a power grid by coupling its topology with maintaining voltages at the nodes of the network using FACTS (Flexible Alternative Current Transmission System). In the optimal location FACTS problem, the objective is to determine the optimal allocation of reactive power, in relation to the location and optimal sizing of FACTS, in order to improve the performance of the power grid. Four main issues are then discussed: 1) Where to place FACTS in the network? How many FACTS? What power attributed to these FACTS? What type(s) attributed to these FACTS? At what prices ? In this thesis, all these questions will be modeled and discussed from the point of view of optimal power by applying, firstly, the strandard particle swarm optimization and by proposing a novel particle swarm optimization (alpha-SLPOS) and a local search (alpha-LLS). These two algorithms are inspired by the basic concept of PSO and the stable distributions (alpha-stable laws). Moreover, the scope of the project defined by the team @RiskTeam Alstom Grid requires the use of several techniques (from physics, statistics, etc) for particular purposes including the alpha-stable parametere estimation problem. Facing the failure of the existing methods for estimating the parameters of alpha-stable laws for alpha<0.6, we propose a novel semi-parametric estimator for such of probability distribution familly using metaheuristic to solve the underlying problem of optimization. Finally, in the end of the thesis, a decision support tool is designed for an internal team of Alstom Grid to optimize the internal topology of a wind farm
Esteoule, Tanguy. "Prévision de production de parcs éoliens par systèmes multi-agents auto-adaptatifs." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30246.
The use of renewable energies, particularly wind power, is one of the solutions commonly used to limit the worsening of ongoing climate change. The variability and intermittency of these energy sources are the main constraints to be managed to ensure the integration of renewable energies into the electricity grid. This problem can be partly solved by improving production forecasts in the short and medium term. The theory of AMAS (Adaptive Multi-Agent Systems) proposes to solve complex problems by self-organization for which no algorithmic solution is known. The local and cooperative behavior of the agents allows the system to adapt to a dynamic environment for maintaining the system in an adequate operating state. In this thesis, this approach is applied to the forecasting of wind farm production. More specifically, we are studying the integration of finer scale data (wind farms for a region or wind turbines for a farm) into the forecast model. We therefore propose a method that takes into account local data in the global forecast and more precisely the interdependencies between wind turbine and wind farm productions. The study led to the design of two adaptive multi-agent systems: AMAWind-Turbine forecasting the production of a wind farm using wind turbine data, and AMAWind-Farm forecasting the production of a region using wind farm data. These systems have been tested in real conditions on five wind farms currently in operation. The experiments carried out validated the proper functioning of the systems and showed a decrease in forecasting error, the main factor in the field of application
Haouas, Nabiha. "Wind energy analysis and change point analysis." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22554.
The wind energy, one of the most competitive renewable energies, is considered as a solution which remedies the inconveniences of the fossil energy. For a better management and an exploitation of this energy, forecasts of its production turn out to be necessary. The methods of forecasts used in the literature allow only a forecast of the annual mean of this production. Certain recent works propose the use of the Central Limit Theorem (CLT), under not classic hypotheses, for the estimation of the mean annual production of the wind energy as well as its variance for a single turbine. We propose in this thesis, an extension of these works in a wind farm by relaxation of the hypothesis of stationarity the wind speed and the power production, supposing that the latter are seasonal. Under this hypothesis the quality of the annual forecast improves considerably. We also suggest planning the wind power production during four seasons of the year. The use of the fractal model, allows us to find a "natural" division of the series of the wind speed to refine the estimation of the wind production by detecting abrupt change points. Statistical tools of the change points detection and the estimation of fractal models are presented in the last two chapters
Belmokhtar, Karim. "Contribution à l'intégration d'un parc éolien à un réseau électrique autonome, avec stockage d'énergie sous forme d'hydrogène." Thèse, 2015. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/7619/1/030933528.pdf.
Gaztanaga, Arantzamendi Haizea. "ETUDE DE STRUCTURES D'INTEGRATION DES SYSTEMES DE GENERATION DECENTRALISEE : APPLICATION AUX MICRORESEAUX." Phd thesis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00162416.
utilisation pour faciliter l'intégration des systèmes à base d'énergies renouvelables (EnR)
dans le réseau. Ce microréseau est constitué des générateurs à base d'EnR ainsi que de
systèmes de soutien qui incorporent des fonctionnalités additionnelles de façon à en améliorer
l'intégration. Sur la base de ce concept proposé, deux différentes applications types de
microréseaux on été étudiées en détail : un microréseau résidentiel ilôtable et un parc éolien
muni de systèmes DFACTS (STATCOM et DVR). Dans les deux applications, des structures
de contrôle/commande à différents niveaux et appliquées aux différents composants du
microréseau ont été développées, analysées en simulation off line et finalement validées sur
un banc expérimental hybride temps réel avec des prototypes à échelle réduite.