Дисертації з теми "Essais de dynamique des véhicules"
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Lechner, Daniel. "Analyse du comportement dynamique des véhicules routiers légers : développement d'une méthodologie appliquée à la sécurité primaire." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2002. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1892_dlechner.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is to show how the knowledge of road vehicle dynamics can contribute to improve the primary safety level for the driver-vehicle-road system. After a presentation of the modeling tools used, mainly the multibody system modeling software MORGAN'S, taking advantage of the Lie Group formalism, the first part of the thesis deals with the development of different dynamic models for passenger cars. Their validity area is than determined by comparing simulation results with data collected on an instrumented car, driven by a professional driver on test tracks on a large panel of manoeuvers. This work clearly put in evidence, and mainly for application to accident analysis, the interest of simple models, with only 3 degrees of freedom for the car body, but for which many care is taken for their parameterization. In the second part of the thesis, the model with the best compromise between parameter simplicity, operating easiness and validity, is developed in order to emulate the intervention of stability control systems : models including 4WS and yaw moment control by differential braking are created. The potential of such devices to enable a significant improvement of primary safety appears really promising. In parallel, a specific model has been developed to be embedded on an instrumented car to run jointly with the acquisition device. The information coming from sensors is combined with the one coming from the model to build what has been called the "real time active safety diagnosis", showing different operating points characterizing the driver-vehicle system behaviour. This device could be further developed to identify objective criteria for the activation of stability control systems. In addition to the different vehicle dynamic models created, the final product of this thesis is thus a demonstrator of this innovating concept of active safety diagnosis, taking advantage of an embedded model
Gagnon, Louis. "Développement d'un modèle dynamique et quantification de l'influence du profil de la route sur un véhicule." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30171/30171.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаA multibody model of a semi-trailer truck with 331 degrees of freedom was built using an open source software. It was calibrated and validated by an on road experimental campaign. There, the signal from a photodetector, 10 acceleration signals, the weight distribution, meteorological data, and the longitudinal profile have been collected. In order to properly represent the interaction with the road, a dynamic tire model has been developed and it is precise at up to 100 Hz. The latter was calibrated with data obtained from a trustworthy finite element model. Finally, the truck model was used in a parametric study which allowed to obtain the relationships between various road surface evaluation criteria and the efficiency of vehicles. These criteria are the IRI, the HRI, and many more inspired from those two. The efficiency is evaluated in terms of fuel consumption, vehicle wear, passenger health, and security.
Pagliarecci, Nico. "On the understanding of the vehicle-driver interaction using the objectification of subjective assessment : application to the tire development process." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MULH4104.
Повний текст джерелаThe tire is heavily involved in the performance of a vehicle. Vehicle's fuel consumption (rolling resistance, aerodynamics), noise, comfort, handling and safety are related to the tire chosen. By using objective measurements, it is possible to predict some of those features but for some others like handling we cannot really predict the subjective evaluation made by experienced test drivers. Trial/error methodology is sometimes applied to identify tire potential and to gauge the tire performance related to specific designs and mechanical characteristics.Today, in the automotive industry, the evaluation of vehicle and tire handling performance is still largely performed on a subjective basis by experienced test drivers. This is justified by the fact that customer perception of vehicle performance is also made subjectively and, no reliable relationship has been found to relate objective performance measures to the human perception of performance.An extensive literature review on the objectification of subjective assessment, the vehicle-driver interaction, the vehicle dynamics simulation and the explorative multivariate data analysis as well as statistical hypothesis testing is the first research step aimed to investigate the methodologies, the data analytics and statistical tools used by other researchers.Based on the literature review, the thesis proposes a methodology that allows to translate subjective evaluations into objective metrics (vehicle environment as well as vehicle-tire environment) enabling the prediction of the outcome of a subjective test by using objective measurements leading to a reduction of the iterations during the tire development process. The choice of the most relevant vehicle dynamics model’s complexity depicts the main tire mechanical features affecting the handling performance and their effect on the objective metrics of interest. Specific experimental vehicle dynamics maneuvers have been selected for this study with the aim of unpacking the complexity of the subjective handling assessment without being simplistic and paying attention to interconnectedness of the different variables and their interplay with contextual factors.In the frame of the above-mentioned correlation study, the role of the driver in the driver-vehicle system is investigated. The results presented show that, with the chosen methodology, it is possible to gain insights on the driver’s testing strategy identifying the main vehicle responses affecting all the stages of the subjective evaluation. To deepen and strengthen the understanding of the driver’s role, two panel studies involving professional and non-professional drivers have been carried out. Those allowed the study and analysis of the vehicle-driver interaction in terms of proprioception and vision, audio-visual influences and aftereffects in motion
Jacquot, Benoît. "Conception, étude et réalisation des algorithmes de commande des systèmes de traction asynchrone pour les TGV de nouvelle génération." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT115H.
Повний текст джерелаEl, Hachem Wissam. "Three essays on transition to alternative fuel vehicles through distributive justice." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, Ecole supérieure des sciences économiques et commerciales, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ESEC0007.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we have investigated the transition from internal combustion engines (ICE) to alternative fuel vehicles (AFV) while considering the social dimension via the concept of DJ. This enabled us to highlight the many tradeoffs at play between the different policy instruments as well as between the three sustainability pillars, and therefore to minimize them. Each of the essays looked at AFV transition from a different angle with each one complementing the other two. Each of the essays has some limitations that were partially dealt with in the other two essays. However, there remains plenty of work to be done on this subject in the future
Mouelhi, Chaouki. "Trois essais en dynamique financière." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26319/26319.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLiégeois, Philippe. "Essais en économie dynamique appliquée." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211600.
Повний текст джерелаMapagha, Saül. "Qualification de la prédiction du comportement vibratoire d'un sous-système sur véhicule." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00557906.
Повний текст джерелаMahmoudi, Madjid. "Corrélation entre essais de CEM sur table et essais sur véhicules d' équipements pour automobiles." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066438.
Повний текст джерелаJordan, Robert. "Essais sur la dynamique du déséquilibre." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37606261k.
Повний текст джерелаJordan, Robert. "Essais sur la dynamique du déséquilibre." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX24004.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of the theory of temporary equilibria with rationing to the determination of quantities when prices, wealth distribution and agents' expectations are given. Accordingly, it supplies a microeconomic foundation for macroeconomic analysis such that it is presented in is-lm tradition. However, quantities solutions that appear are not stationary as long as agents' endowments cannot remain unchanged when trade occurs, and as they are not necessarily satisfied with the transactions they realise. Prices being given, dynamic adjustment of stocks leads to steady states whose stability and comparative static properties are not always the same that those of temporary equilibria. In order to study prices adjustment in disequilibrium situations, it is necessary to exhibit an exact measure of the effective excess demand that appears in a fixed price equilibrium. From this point of view, the theory of effective demand under stochastic and manipulable rationing is better than that one can get from deterministic and non-manipulable rationing schemes. To every price vector, it associate a locally unique temporary equilibrium with a vector of effective excess demand that must go to zero when prices move according to this "law of supply and demand". This price adjustment may be associated with that concerning stocks into a "non tatonnement" process. However, non competitive price dynamics are not to be excluded since, when prices move slowly, agents can rationally hold non walrasian conjectures about their trading possibilities
Pelgrin, Florian. "Essais sur la dynamique de l'inflation." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010033.
Повний текст джерелаBouton, Nicolas. "Stabilité dynamique des véhicules légers tout-terrain." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF21978.
Повний текст джерелаAkitoby, Bernardin A. Y. M. "Essais en macroéconomie et équilibre général dynamique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq26627.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаZhang, Jingrui. "Contribution à la commande de la dynamique des véhicules." Amiens, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AMIE0201.
Повний текст джерелаCherouat, Hatem. "Problèmes de commande et d'observation en dynamique des véhicules." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112023.
Повний текст джерелаThe main topics of this dissertation are observer and control designs for a dynamic system which describes the behavior of the chassis of a vehicle. The controls which are currently available in this field have a local character which reduces their performances and makes the interaction of their effects a potential source of instability. One of the solutions to this problem is so-called integration of the controlers. In this work the design of a global supervisor is proposed. It consists of 3 levels and uses the two actuators which are the brake and the steering angle. The first level of the supervisor is dedicated to the observer design of the lateral velocity and the yaw rate as well as the estimation of the longitudinal velocity. The second level is concerned with the design of various controls of the main three dynamic variables of the chassis (yaw rate, lateral and longitudinal velocities). The control variables which are used in this part are the steering angle and the moment of inertia created by the lateral forces. The last level of the supervisor is for the distribution of the longitudinal forces to the four actuators, and for the determination of the torques which are necessary for their realization
El, Messoussi Wissam. "Contribution à la commande robuste de la dynamique du véhicule." Amiens, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AMIE0112.
Повний текст джерелаThe automotive domain is in permanent evolution and different challenges and objectives appear, whether these are of technological, safety or environmental nature. The use of automobiles is increasing worldwide and motivates research work in four main areas: drive assistance, safety, comfort, fuel economy and vehicle emissions. In this thesis, we focus on the first and second areas; drive assistance and safety. Whilst a variety of factors contribute to accidents, human errors account for a major part of them. For this reason, a variety of drive assistance systems are being developed by automotive manufacturers to automate mundane driving operations, reduce driver burden and prevent vehicles from spinning, drifting out and rolling over (ESP, ABS, AFU, ACC, REF,…), thus reducing accidents. The research work in this domain remains a challenge. Indeed, such systems are still under development to improve their efficiency in critical drive situations. This thesis focuses on this problem and deals with robust vehicle control. An 11-DOF mathematical model has been developed to describe vehicle dynamics. The nonlinear vehicle model was then approximated by a Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model with structured parametric uncertainties to take into account plant dynamics and controller uncertainties as well as vehicle longitudinal velocity variation, in the control synthesis. In order to validate the developed vehicle model, we compared simulated data with recorded measured data using the software "veDYNA" of vehicle dynamics simulation and also an experimental vehicle equipped with ESP/ABS calculator. After some experiments and suitable driving manoeuvres were carried out, the measured data was then compared to the simulations data, showing a validation of the developed model
Briat, Olivier. "Contribution à la conception et à l'intégration d'un accumulateur cinétique d'énergie dans une plate-forme de test pour véhicules électriques à source hybride." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12577.
Повний текст джерелаJaballah, Belgacem. "Observateurs robustes pour le diagnostic et la dynamique des véhicules." Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00734379.
Повний текст джерелаAndrieux, Arnaud. "Estimation de l'adhérence mobilisable des véhicules : application à la dynamique longitudinale." Troyes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TROY0006.
Повний текст джерелаTo warn of the loss in control of a vehicle on a slippery surface, the driver must be warned when his driving does not guarantee him anymore safety. So, for a given pneumatic-roadway configuration, the actual friction u must be measured and compared with the potential maximum friction umax. Car implemented estimation of umax for low stresses requires precise measurement of the longitudinal slip rate k and the longitudinal friction coefficient u. To obtain k, a signal processing method is proposed to eliminate the deterministic component of the measurement noise on speed signals. To obtain u, a calculation method based on support vector machines (SVM) is used. These techniques are then implemented on a test vehicle to develop an experimental method allowing to obtain curves u =f (k). A trial campaign allowed varying several parameters of the pneumatic-roadway contact. The results show the influence of the tire and the road on the appearance of curves u =f (k). They also show the impossibility to estimate umax only from the longitudinal stiffness of the pneumatic-roadway contact, countering some results issued from the literature. Nevertheless a predictor of umax based on a priori knowledge of the pneumatic-roadway contact is introduced
Izri-Lahleb, Sonia. "Architecture de fusion de données pour le suivi dynamique de véhicules." Amiens, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AMIE0603.
Повний текст джерелаGarnier, Philippe. "Controle d'éxécution réactif de mouvements de véhicules en environnement dynamique structuré." Grenoble INPG, 1995. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005045.
Повний текст джерелаThe work presented in this thesis is about automated movements of vehicles within a semi-structured dynamic environment. The problem in focus is the reactive control of vehicles in environments such as "automated parking area" or "dedicated driving lanes". The basic topology of these environments are assumed to be known a-priori. However, unforeseen static and dynamic obstacles might be encountered during the movement of the vehicle. In order to tackle the problem it is necessary to make a nominal motion plan with only a partial knowledge of the world. This nominal plan is modified whenever necessary by means of a reactive mechanism. The current work particularly focusses on this latter aspect. In this work a kino-dynamic planner is coupled to a reactive controller which is able to adapt in real-time to the unexpected changes in the environment. The controller consists of a set of basic behaviors such as trajectory tracking and obstacle avoidance all of which may be activated simultaneously. These behaviors are then combined to obtain a global behavior corresponding to the planned movements. The controller employed is a Mamdani type fuzzy controller based on the fuzzy logic. The main interest in the use of a fuzzy controller is that the desired behaviors can be encoded in the form of weighted rules which in turn can be expressed in a language similar to the natural human language. The simulation results of the controller are easily extended to experiments performed on a real vehicle within the INRIA/INRETS Praxitele project
Kootbally, Zeïd. "Prédiction des positions de véhicules autonomes dans un environnement routier dynamique." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOS064.
Повний текст джерелаThe goal of autonomous vehicles research is to build physical systems that can move purposefully and without human intervention in static and dynamic environments, and also in known, partially known and unknown environments. The field of autonomous vehicles is continuing to gain traction both with researchers and practitioners. Funding for research in this area has continued to grow over the past few years, and recent high profile funding opportunities have started to push theoretical research efforts into practical use. Before releasing any autonomous vehicle in the real world, it is important to model the components within a simulated environment and assess the performance of the vehicles in the virtual world. We present the PRIDE framework (Prediction In Dynamic Environments), a hierarchical multiresolutional approach for moving object prediction that incorporates multiple prediction algorithms into a single, unifying framework. PRIDE is based upon the 4D/RCS (Real-time Control System) and provides information to planners at the level of granularity that is appropriate for their planning horizon. The lower levels of the framework utilize estimation theoretic short-term predictions based upon an extended Kalman filter with an associated confidence measure. The upper levels utilize a probabilistic prédiction approach based upon situation recognition with an underlying cost model that provides predictions that incorporate environmental information and constraints. PRIDE is run in the systems' world model independently of the planner and the control system and has knowledge of the road structures via a road network database. The results of the prediction are made available to a planner to allow it to make accurate plans in dynamic environments. We have applied this approach to the visualization tool AutoSim and later on to the MOAST/USARSim framework which incorporates the physics, kinematics and dynamics of vehicles involved in traffic scenarios
Sentouh, Chouki. "Analyse du risque et détection de situations limites : application au développement des systèmes d’alerte au conducteur." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2007. http://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2007/interne/2007EVRY0019.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe problematic of the thesis enter within the framework of the preventive driving assistance systems by the study of the vehicle dynamic behavior and the application of the observers for the detection upstream of driving critical situations. In this work, we proposed a warning unit to provide information or an alarm to the driver, sufficiently in advance, in order to avoid road departure accidents, which takes into account several constraints: Excessive longitudinal speed even on straight road section, excessive lateral dynamic (excessive lateral acceleration and yaw rate), vehicle lateral positioning (excessive lateral displacement and relative yaw angle) and small values of time to lane crossing. To give a solution to the problem of the road departure accidents related to a problem of vehicle dynamics, a new model of critical speed in curve was developed. This model takes into account the evolution of the vehicle dynamics as well as the mechanical parameters. The detection algorithms were tested on several scenarios and alarms obtained correspond well to felt drivers and in the exact places
Bizimana, Olivier. "Essais sur la dynamique du taux de change et l’intégration financière." Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090012.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we analyze the dynamics of exchange rates in a growing financial integration environment. We first review the main puzzles characterizing the exchange rates. We show that the traditional theoretical models fail to explain the exchange rates dynamics in the current financial environment. Furthermore, we implement an econometric analysis on data surveys conducted by Reuters, and we show that agents anticipate a reversal of trends in the dollar towards the PPP; and that this form of expectation is rational. We then assess the importance of capital markets in the analysis of exchange rate dynamics, which has not been addressed in literature so far. On the basis of a Generalized Portfolio Model taking into account the close relationship between the capital markets and foreign exchange market, we demonstrate that: (i) positive demand and productivity shocks imply a depreciation of the real exchange rate in the long-term; (ii) increasing the portfolio diversification (reduced "home bias") amplifies the response of the economic and financial variables after demand and supply shocks. Moreover, we show empirically that the external debt of the United States and the differential of rate of return on capital are important determinants of the dollar real effective exchange rate. Lastly, we show that portfolio models integrating these variables realize the best performances in forecasting exchange rates
Treibich, Tania. "Trois essais sur la dynamique industrielle : banques, investissement et performance économique." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE0030.
Повний текст джерелаThe relation between economic performance and the banking sector evolves according to the economic context and depends on firms’ as well as banks’ performance. Firms’ capacity to finance their production and investment plans impacts their ability to grow and improve their efficiency. As a consequence, industrial dynamics, i. E. How firms are selected within a market, are impacted by bank-firms links and the credit allocation process. In turn, the structure and performance of the banking sector also feed back into firms’ ability to fund their projects. This work thus investigates the mechanisms of transmission between the banking sector and industrial dynamics from three different perspectives, using alternative tools and methods. We start with an empirical study of the relation between firm performance and investment in the French and Italian manufacturing sectors. Because investment opportunities are aligned with the projects finally financed, we can conclude that the banking sector does not seem to distort selection mechanisms. Second, we turn to the analysis of the relationship-building process between firms and banks, and how their choices impact credit rationing. To do so, we resort to an experimental study, where we are able to disentangle supply and demand factors explaining the emergence of single or multiple lending links. We complete our study with an agent-based macroeconomic model, which bottom-up perspective shows how the individual decisions impact macroeconomic aggregates. In this last work, we are able to evaluate how bank bailout policies as well as fiscal rules interact and impact the macroeconomic targets
Alatriste, Contreras Martha Gabriela. "Essais sur les propriétés structurelles et la dynamique du système économique." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0132.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis analyses empirically the structural properties of the economy and evaluates the impact of changes in its structure on aggregate outcomes such as production and the spreading of shocks. The analysis in this thesis is part of a multidisciplinary approach where input-output is combined with complex network analysis to study the productive structure of an economy. We analyze the european union's input-output network as a whole, the input-output network of 22 member countries, and the french input-output network using a more disaggregated classification of sectors. The first chapter studies the structural properties of the economy identifying the most important sectors. In this first chapter, we investigate if global centrality measures in network analysis provide additional information of the productive structure and the role and importance of sectors in it. We found that the economy has an asymmetric structure with only a few very important sectors that have good diffusion properties. The second chapter evaluates the impact of these properties as the capability of sectors to spread shocks and form avalanches in the economy. We use three models to measure the impact of two types of sectoral shocks : a shock on final demand and a shock on technology. Results show that the asymmetrical structure of european economies makes them vulnerable to large avalanchess. Finally, third explores the mechanism generating the structure of the economy and its evolution through time driven by technological progress. In the model proposed in the third chapter sectors create new connections and change the intensity of old ones according to their centrality
Limouni, Achour. "Étude dynamique, théorique et expérimentale des essais de frottement pion-disque." Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1106.
Повний текст джерелаDufour, Ludovic. "Caractérisation et modélisation du collage structural multi-matériaux sous sollicitation dynamique." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017VALE0012/document.
Повний текст джерелаSince few decades, composite material is an innovative field for the reduction of structure weight. However, assemblies of composite together or with metallic part are still a challenging point. Structural bonding is an unavoidable technology for the assemblies of multi-materials structures. Within the development and dimensioning procedure, the use of bonding requires the definition of numerical models and characterization methods. Furthermore, in crashworthiness (explicit code), models must be in agreement of time calculation limitations. The present work propose to define a modelling and characterisation approach for bonding assemblies under dynamic loading. The final aim is to provide a model able to modelling multi-materials structure under crash loading. For it, a characterisation of a phenomenological model (mesoscopic scale) is proposed. This model allow a fine description of the mechanical field in the bonded joint. With test carried out with an Arcan test device specially developed for dynamic loading, the mesoscopic model is used for the identification of an intrinsic failure criteria. Using mesoscopic model and the intrinsic failure criteria, a cohesive model (macroscopic model) in agreement of time calculation limitations is identified. Finally, this model is validated through dynamic tests on multi-materials substructures
Ripert, Pierre-Jean. "Modélisation et identification paramétrique de l'effort de contact pneumatique/sol pour la dynamique véhicule." Nantes, 2006. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=7dfc229e-6ee9-466d-bbe3-ca82178b642c.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with improvement of tire correlation between real tests and simulations. Two ways are used: in one hand parametric identification methodology and in another hand tire model. Parametric identification methodology is said “guaranteed” because it is designed in a criticism way. Thus with all kind of excitations (from test bench or passenger car), structure model and parameters can be obtained robustly. Tire model is based on the robotic formalism and on empirical specification model of tire/ground interaction forces. The obtained model can be used to specify or to predict tyre static force behaviours and first order dynamics. The developed parametric identification methodology and the tire model are combined to characterise few tires with the PSA Peugeot Citroën test bench. Pertinent and observable behaviours are so deduced. The methodology is applied to cornering force and self aligning torque models dedicated to steering handling. At the end the method is applied to real running car measurements to identify cornering force. It proves the validity of the method both for test bench data and for running car data
Puel, Guillaume Ladevèze Pierre. "Sur une théorie des méconnaissances en dynamique des structures." Cachan : ENS, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008493.
Повний текст джерелаNuméro national de thèse de l'original : 2004DENS0030. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. p. 153-164.
Rabhi, Abdelhamid. "Estimation de la dynamique du véhicule en interaction avec son environnement." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS0033.
Повний текст джерелаThe general framework of the research is the application of the nonlinear control tools (sliding mode observers, robust control. . . ) and methods for diagnostics in order to improve the security of the vehicle. Motivation of our work is due to the fact that the infrastructure is involved the majority of accidents. The was born, which uses as more as possible the environmental information's in order to study the comportment of the vehicle in its trajectory. The difficulties and the high costs of the sensors, to measure contact forces belween wheel and the ground were an important motivation for design of non linear and robust observers. Then, a new technique for the estimation with cascaded observers was developed to dedu the angular velocities and accelerations of wheels by use of the ABS encoders. This method al/ows us to estimate the longitudinal stiffness of each tire and its effective radius. The adherence also can be reconstructed. Robust observers with unknown inputs are proposed to estimate the road features (profile, slope and inclination angle), which are used to assist the driving. Final/y, we present a method for detecting faults in the dynamics of the vehicle. We have considered only Iwo types of faults: Faults in the suspension system Variation of pressure in tire
Nganga, Irungu William. "Essais sur la dynamique de la soutenabilité de la dette du Kenya." Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080024/document.
Повний текст джерелаExisting literature on debt sustainability emphasizes the existence of a threshold or a tipping point beyond which debt compromises growth and destabilizes the economy. This Ph.D. thesis goes beyond threshold testing and presents three additional approaches which could be used to further interrogate debt dynamics. Using annual time series data from 1963 to 2015, and employing a Structural Vector Autoregressive Model (SVAR), Markov switching models (MS) and Self-Exciting Threshold Autoregressive models (SETAR) for robustness, the three chapters cross-examine Kenya’s debt sustainability, by addressing three questions: First chapter, is the fiscal policy response to macroeconomic shocks consistent with a sustainable debt trajectory? The second chapter, given that the fiscal response may deviate from the sustainable path in the short-run, are these deviations systematically corrected in the long run? The third chapter, to what extent does coordination between monetary and fiscal policy, if any, alleviate or exacerbate debt sustainability in the long run? The results obtained confirm the following: (i) The primary balance reacts to macroeconomic shocks in a manner consistent with debt sustainability (ii) Fiscal consolidation might be counterproductive as a response to debt management. (iii) Debt drives growth in Kenya. (iv) Both sustainable and unsustainable fiscal regimes are dominant with each lasting an average of four years, while the No-Ponzi game condition weakly holds in the Kenyan economy in the long run. (v) The persistence of unsustainability regime for more than four years could threaten long-run fiscal sustainability
Bossuroy, Thomas. "Quatre essais sur la dynamique des structures sociales et politiques en Afrique." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0018.
Повний текст джерелаThe first chapter uses household surveys to set down a measurement of intergenerational mobility between the farm and non-farm sectors in Ghana, Uganda, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea and Madagascar. The differences between former French and former British colonies (the latter displaying a much higher level of social fluidity) result from different educational and settlement policies implemented by the colonizers, which impacted educational, geographical and in turn occupational mobility. The second chapter explores the individual incentives to identify to the ethnic group, by using recent surveys from seven West-African countries. Education and a strategic use of kinship networks by underprivileged people and the migrants stand out as the main driving forces. Ethnic identification may be viewed as an instrument for upward mobility when formal means of social achievement are failing The third chapter investigates whether ethnicity drove the election results of the 2004 presidential poil in Ghana, and therefore uses several datasets matched at the district level. An ethnic and a non-ethnic model are compared. Ethnicity explains the structure of votes slightly better, but does not rule out the non-ethnic model. But the ethnic mode! fails to account for the evolution of votes between two polls, which is the result of evaluative voting. Non-ethnic determinants thus appear to drive the pivotal voter and, therefore, election outcomes. The fourth chapter argues that studies on the African political economy should focus less on structural features like ethnic fragmentation and neopatrimonialism, and more on how political and economic inequalities shape the dynamics of social structures
Brara, Ahmed. "Étude expérimentale de la traction dynamique du béton par écaillage." Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Brara.Ahmed.SMZ9928.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPuel, Guillaume. "Sur une théorie des méconnaissances en dynamique des structures." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008493.
Повний текст джерелаConcerning the quantification of the quality of a model in comparison with an experimental reference, we present a new theory based on the concept of lack of knowledge (lok) combining interval analysis with probabilistic features: the basic principle consists in globalizing the various sources of errors on the substructure level using a scalar internal variable, called the lok variable, defined over an interval whose upper and lower bounds follow probabilistic laws. From these basic loks, we can derive for the whole structure the effective lok for a quantity of interest (e. G. An eigenpulsation), resulting in an interval with stochastic bounds that we can compare with experimental values. The quantification of the quality of a model results in the determination of the basic loks the most representative of the experimental data. The process uses additional experimental information to reduce the loks and is successfully applied to academic as well as industrial cases
Martinez-Gomez, Luis. "Navigation sûre pour véhicules autonomes en environnement dynamique: une approche basée "Inevitable Collision State"." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00600578.
Повний текст джерелаChanut, Stéphane. "Modélisation dynamique macroscopique de l'écoulement d'un trafic routier hétérogène poids lourds et véhicules légers." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0040/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe traffic composition is one of the phenomenon that road managers have to address. In particular a question arises: the impact on the flow of trucks. This thesis proposes a traffic flow model making it possible to describe the behavior of a heterogeneous traffic. This proposed model is a macroscopic one, with two classes. The traffic is described like a continuous flow and is assumed to be composed of two homogeneous classes: trucks and passenger cars, which are different from their speeds and their lengths. The model is completely solved and a numerical resolution is built with a Godunov scheme. A particular attention is paid to the passing phenomenon and its effects on the flow by a specific modelling. The applications of the model are numerous, in particular for what concerns the test of regulation strategies for a heterogeneous traffic
Croix, Patrick. "Endommagement et rupture des métaux anisotropes pour la dynamique et le crash de véhicules." Valenciennes, 2002. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/35d379a9-0ce7-47e2-b08f-5ae639026583.
Повний текст джерелаThe shape and orientation of the microvoids are taken into account in the finite element model developed to improve the prediction of cracks occurrence. The evolution law of porosity due to nucleation is modified to solve the problem of the non-evolution of damage in pure shearing. An identification procedure of damage parameters by the inverse method is developed. This method is based on the correlation of experimental and numerical results, obtained from tensile and Arcan tests. The identification was carried out in the case of an anisotropic aluminium material. To obtain an independence with the mesh size, two strategies are used : by an adaptive meshing based on a damage criterion and/or by the determination of the damage parameters according to the size of the mesh. This work is illustrated by several confrontations of experimental/numerical tests carried out on an extruded aluminium tube
Marguet, Bruno. "Enrichissement de modèles de comportement dynamique de véhicules de transport guidés par confrontation modale." Valenciennes, 1990. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/97f5ea66-6d50-48bd-9504-08e62db3d20c.
Повний текст джерелаKai, Jean-Marie. "Contrôle automatique de véhicules aériens à voilure fixe." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4117/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe present thesis develops a new control approach for scale-model airplanes. The proposed control solutions exploit a simple but pertinent nonlinear model of aerodynamic forces acting on the aircraft. Nonlinear controllers are based on a hierarchical structure, and are derived on the basis of theoretical stability and convergence analyses. They are designed to operate on a large spectrum of operating conditions. In particular, they avoid the singularities associated with the parameterization of the attitude and the heading of the vehicle, and do not rely on a decoupling between longitudinal and lateral dynamics. First, the trajectory tracking problem is addressed by extending the thrust vectoring method used for small rotor vehicles to the case of fixed wing vehicles. In the case of airplanes, the main challenge is to take into account the aerodynamic forces in the design of control systems. In order to solve this problem, the proposed control is designed and analyzed on the basis of the proposed aerodynamic forces model. The flight envelope is thus broadened beyond trim trajectories which are classically used in the literature. This solution is then adapted to the path following problem, and kinematic guidance and dynamic control laws are developed within a single coherent framework that applies to almost any regular 3D path. The proposed control laws incorporate integral terms that robustify the control with respect to unmodelled dynamics. Several practical issues are addressed and the proposed control laws are validated via hardware-in-the-loop simulations. Finally, successful flight test results illustrate the soundness and performance of the proposed control laws
Roussel, Jean-Marie. "Apport de la viscoélasticité dans l’analyse dynamique des essais au Heavy Weight Deflectometer." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSET015.
Повний текст джерелаThe Heavy or Falling Weight Deflectometer (F/HWD) is a non-destructive pavement assessment device. The F/HWD test is based on the measurement of the deflection generated by an impulse loading. F/HWD tests are generally analysed by inverse analysis methods, the purpose of which is to determine the mechanical properties of the pavement layers. These methods are based on the search of mechanical properties for which the deflections calculated using numerical models are comparable to the deflections measured in situ. Despite its widespread use on road and airport pavements, it turns out that the data from this test are often interpreted within a questionable background because the elastostatic method commonly used does not consider dynamic effects and limits the behaviour of bituminous materials to linear elasticity. This work, in the framework of a cooperation between the Civil Aviation Technical Centre (STAC) and the Laboratory of Tribology and Systems Dynamics (LTDS) has the main objective to study the analysis methods of the F/HWD test data by including the dynamic effects and the linear viscoelastic properties of bituminous materials. During this work, the F/HWD devices has been studied with external sensors. Then, two numerical methods for simulating the F/HWD test were set up: the Finite Element Method in time domain and the Spectral Element Method in frequency domain. These two tools allow the calculation of the pavement response under F/HWD impulse loading according to several hypotheses of equilibrium (quasi-static and dynamic) and behaviour of bituminous materials (linear elastic and linear viscoelastic). Finally, a dynamic viscoelastic inverse analysis method is proposed. After having been verified and evaluated, it is applied to HWD tests carried out on the STAC test facility at several pavement temperatures between 0°C and 30°C. The results are compared with those obtained by the classical elastostatic and elastodynamic methods. The linear viscoelastic properties deduced from the HWD tests are also compared to the results of complex modulus tests on the materials of the test facility carried out in the ENTPE laboratory
Brown-Brulant, David. "Contribution à l'étude de la sécurité des procédés par simulation dynamique des écoulements." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ECAP0359.
Повний текст джерелаLévesque, Cédrik. "Analyse du comportement dynamique des bâtiments en acier de faible hauteur." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1496.
Повний текст джерелаDeraemaeker, Arnaud. "Sur la maîtrise des modèles en dynamique des structures à partir de résultats d'essais." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DENS0039.
Повний текст джерелаLa, Lance Arnaud de. "Etude du comportement du système pneumatique-sol appliquée à la mobilité des véhicules terrestres." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20176.
Повний текст джерелаAl, Galib Dhafar. "Comportement statique et dynamique de structures fusibles susceptibles d'absorber les énergies d'impact en cas de crash." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ISAL0033.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this study is to contribute to the improvement of the behavior to the crushing tubular extrusion, which should permit to find a structure optimizing the absorption of impact energy. An attempt to identify the characteristic behaviors of the studied structures was made by an experimental, analytical and numerical approach, Three main objectives constitute the frame of our study: * How will be able to reduce, during the crash, the first peak load, which reflect the decelerations transmitted to the occupants of the vehicle? * How will be able to dissipate by a controlled manner the kinetic energy during crash event? The proposed process, which reduced the first load peak, can be used for other geometries and other materials? * How can one evaluate the influence of the rupture of aluminum alloy on the global behavior of tubes, and what criteria can one propose to detect the rupture? On the experimental and numerical plan, the behaviors of static and dynamic crushing of circular and square aluminum tubes have been studied. A process that permits to decrease the deceleration transmitted to the passengers during impact or frontal collision has been proposed and validate. We could also have evaluated the behavior of these tubes while varying the mass and the speed of impactor and finally to study geometric imperfection, boundary conditions and loading affects on the static and dynamic behavior. Propositions are made for the choice of the geometric parameter used in order to facilitate the similarity (material, geometry). Finally, we linger especially on the influence of the rupture, that it is necessary to consider in an objective of design and quantification of the energy absorbed
Hili, Amal. "Essais sur les incitations salariales." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1088/document.
Повний текст джерелаWe aim at modeling various incentive mechanisms, determining the conditions of their implementation and analyzing their effects on employees’ efforts, the firm’s performance and the social welfare. These effects are studied in static and dynamic frameworks. The first two chapters (2 and 3) are parts of the static analysis. In the last three chapters (4, 5 and 6), we take into account a temporal dimension. In the chapter 2, we analyze the factors which determine the employee ownership implementation and estimate its impact on agents’ welfare. We prove the importance to consider jointly the effort disutility and size in the explanation of employee ownership implementation. We also show that large firms are going to distribute sub-optimal capital shares to their employees. We compare in the chapter 3, from the viewpoint of the various economic agents, two scenarios of profit sharing: the first one where the part of profit results from a negotiation and the second where this part is unilaterally fixed by capitalists. We show that those shareholders may prefer bargaining while it is possible for the employees to prefer a unilateral fixing of profit shares. We also justify the necessity of a regulator’s intervention as the interests of both capitalists and social planner never converge. The chapter 4 examines the optimal strategy of divesting actions by the large shareholder in an infinite horizon game where divesting shares allows an increase in the company’s value through its incentive effect on the managers’ efforts
Deniau, Virginie. "Recherche des caractéristiques optimales d'un nouveau moyen d'essais électromagnétiques appliqué aux tests d'équipements électroniques embarqués sur véhicules." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-75-76.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаKleilat-Iaaly, Iman. "Contribution à la modélisation mécanique et thermique d'une machine synchroréluctante pour une application véhicule." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2641.
Повний текст джерелаIn the context of electric and hybrid vehicle applications, the development of low-cost electric machines makes sense. The flux barrier synchronous reluctance motor is proving to be a viable alternative for traction applications, especially automotive, replacing permanent magnet machines. Mechanical and thermal constraints play an essential role in the design of synchronous reluctance motors. The mechanical behavior affects the power density of the machine by limiting its rotational speed. The thermal behavior affects the performance of the machine in terms of torque density by limiting the allowable current density. The work proposed in this thesis consists in developing a multi-physical model of the synchronous reluctance motor with a particular focus on mechanical and thermal aspects. An important part of the work includes an experimental validation of the proposed models. This validation uses a prototype of the synchronous reluctance motor and test facilities available in the laboratory