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Дисертації з теми "Essais biomécaniques"
Virgaux, Nicolas. "Modélisation par éléments finis et évaluation clinique d'un système innovant de fusion percutanée pour les pathologies rachidiennes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENSAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENAM0035.
Повний текст джерелаSuffering from low back pain can be disabling and may lead to a surgical intervention. The predominant surgical technique consists in bridging two vertebrae with a bony bridge. A new technique has been developed to create such a bridge with the minimal impact. The objective of our work is to determine the results of this technique with a three complementary axes approach. The first axe consists in evaluating the clinical results in a real-life setting. The second axe consists in determining the influence of parameters specific to the technique on the mechanical response of an instrumented lumbar spine by in-vitro testing. The last axe consists in a finite element model of this technique in a human spine to measure the influence of properties of the graft on the mechanical response. The three-axes approach allowed us to highlight the clinical interests of such a technique as well of its limitations. The in-vitro and numeric axes allowed us to analyze in detail the mechanical response of an instrumented spine and to determine its specificities. Clinical and scientific conclusions have been drawn based on the combination of the three axes as well as future potential evolutions of the technique. These evolutions could lead to technical innovations and future research projects. From a more general perspective, the benefits of the three-panes approach have been demonstrated for throughout understanding of the complementarity key parameters that could yield aa given clinical outcome, from a biomechanical point of view
Herzhaft-Le, Roy Juliette. "Efficacité d'un traitement ostéopathique pour les problématiques biomécaniques de succion des nouveau-nés." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11074.
Повний текст джерелаAbstract: Background: National and international policies recommend breastfeeding for its benefits on mothers’ and infants’ health. In Quebec, almost nine out of ten mothers initiate breastfeeding with their baby but half of these stop during the first month, due to biomechanical sucking difficulties, and this, despite increasing support from lactation consultants (LC). Osteopaths worldwide work with these babies, but there is little empirical evidence for this type of treatment. The primary objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of an osteopathic treatment coupled with usual lactation consultations on infants’ identified as having biomechanical sucking difficulties. Methods: A single blind randomized controlled trial including 97 mother-infant dyads referred by LC. The dyads were randomized into two groups: osteopathic intervention or usual care. Four measurement times over a 10-day period (pre and post intervention) allowed for the determination of the babies’ ability to latch, the intensity of pain felt by mothers as well as any perceived side effects. Osteopathic lesions were documented in an effort to establish a profile T-tests and Chi-square tests as well as regression models were used to compare groups. Results: Babies having received the osteopathic intervention showed a clinically and statistically significant increase (p<0.001) in their ability to latch compared to the usual care group. Analyses did not show any statistically significant difference between groups with regard to the pain felt by mothers at the different measurement times. However, 3 days post intervention, the mothers in the intervention group perceived a significant decrease in their level of pain (p=0.001). A profile of osteopathic dysfunctions in these babies was generated with 84,5% of them found to have a posterior skull dysfunction. No serious or severe side effects were reported. Conclusion: Osteopathic treatment coupled with lactation consultations seem to be a promising avenue for mother-infant dyads with biomechanical sucking dysfunctions. Further research is needed to optimize osteopathic treatment in terms of targeting babies, timing and duration of interventions and also to better document and standardize areas with osteopathic lesions.
Laurent, Henry. "Approche micromécanique de l'os cortical : mesures de champs et simulation numérique." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ECAP1068.
Повний текст джерелаThis work aims to bring new insight in the mechanical behaviour of cortical bone. The main aim is to develop a model of the mechanical behaviour of cortical tissue, using experimental results. Some mechanical tests are conducted. First, the localization of the strain during compression tests was obtained with digital image correlation. We show that the strain is heterogeneous and poorly related to local mineral content. Then, using nanoindentation measurements, we show that the heterogeneity of local Young's modulus is mainly related to the heterogeneity of mineral content. Also, some relaxation test are performed: the out of plane displacement field is monitored. We show that the relative displacement osteon/matrix is one order of magnitude more than the inter-lamellar movement. A finite element model is also developed. It takes into account the heterogeneity of mineral content and the shape of osteons. The computed strain field is compared to the experimental one, and the heterogeneity of elastic properties is identified with an inverse method. We show that the heterogeneity of elastic properties results in some specific stress concentration inside the tissue. This heterogeneity should thus be taken into account in future models, and it could contribute to rise in bone fragility with elderly due to modification in remodeling process
Hauw, Denis. "Programmer les actions sportives acrobatiques : essai d'application en milieu scolaire." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100133.
Повний текст джерелаIn a first part, an analysis of the program instruction concept and of his involvement in knownledge structure is produced. A prospect renovation based upon the soviet theory of activity is suggest and hold in this case theorical model of reference status. In a second part a theorico-experimental analysis of the acrobatic in sport gymnastic leads to proposed a reference for rational analysis of the acrobatic actions. It is based upon an objective analysis with biomecanical and an analysis of the operative images of the champions. This reference is realized with an algorithmic structure with the nodal operation concept. Then, an experimental analysis of pedagogical application with a specific pratice, the forward somersault, leads to study bionecanical conditions of result, and the profit-earning capacity of social genesis of this acrobatic action
Ninou, Michel. "Le genu valgum de l'adulte : approche biomécanique et essai de demembrement : à propos de 16 cas, recul de 7 à 9 ans." Saint-Etienne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STET6406.
Повний текст джерелаJundt, Géraldine. "Modèles d'endommagement et de rupture des matériaux biologiques." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00544861.
Повний текст джерелаGaro, Anais. "Modélisation du corps vertébral en chargement dynamique : intégration de l'effet de l'âge." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00615426.
Повний текст джерелаAuperrin, Audrey. "Caractérisation tissulaire pour la détermination du comportement de l'os crânien: essais mécaniques et imagerie médicale." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00454865.
Повний текст джерелаNeveu, Pauline. "Etude morpho-fonctionnelle et biomécanique des allures quadrupèdes des insectivores : essai de modélisation de la locomotion d'un morphotype mammalien de base." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112189.
Повний текст джерелаBenkhémis, Ines. "Essai de repérage du critère minimisé spontanément par le sportif : exemple du saut en longueur." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2357.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this study is to find criteria which is minimized by a long jumper at the take-off. After motion capture angular positionsand velocities at the initial and final time are used in parametric optimisation procedure with differents criteria. Energetic criteria are associated with economic goal. Sthenic criteria are associated with the musculo-skeletal concept. Results demonstrate that sthenic criteria simulate gestual with countermovement whereas energetic criteria simulate continuous gestual
Книги з теми "Essais biomécaniques"
Biomechanics: Mechanical properties of living tissues. 2nd ed. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1993.
Знайти повний текст джерелаBiomechanics: Circulation. 2nd ed. New York: Springer, 1997.
Знайти повний текст джерелаFung, Y. C. Biomechanics: Motion, flow, stress, and growth. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1990.
Знайти повний текст джерела1941-, Reilly Thomas, Hughes M, Lees A, and World Congress on Science and Racket Sports (1st : 1993 : Runcorn, England), eds. Science and racket sports. London: E & FN Spon, 1995.
Знайти повний текст джерелаBiomechanics of Human Motion: Applications in the Martial Arts, Second Edition. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
Знайти повний текст джерелаArus, Emeric. Biomechanics of Human Motion: Applications in the Martial Arts, Second Edition. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
Знайти повний текст джерелаArus, Emeric. Biomechanics of Human Motion: Applications in the Martial Arts. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
Знайти повний текст джерелаArus, Emeric. Biomechanics of Human Motion: Applications in the Martial Arts, Second Edition. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
Знайти повний текст джерелаBiomechanics of Human Motion: Applications in the Martial Arts. Taylor & Francis Group, 2012.
Знайти повний текст джерелаArus, Emeric. Biomechanics of Human Motion: Applications in the Martial Arts, Second Edition. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
Знайти повний текст джерела