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Ferdi, Roni, Irsan Saleh, Theodorus Theodorus, and Salni Salni. "Uji Efek Antibakteri Propolis Terhadap Escherichia Coli Dan Shigella Dysenteriae Secara In Vitro." Biomedical Journal of Indonesia: Jurnal Biomedik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya 5, no. 2 (May 31, 2019): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32539/bji.v5i1.7982.
Анотація:
Bakteri yang sering menjadi penyebab diare infeksi adalah Escherichia coli dan Shigella dysenteriae. Penggunaan antibiotik yang berlebihan dan kurang rasional pada kasus diare mendorong terjadinya perkembangan resistensi patogen multi obat. Propolis merupakan salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi infeksi diare. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kemampuan efek antibakteri ekstrak propolis terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Shigella dysenteriae dalam pengujian secara in vitro dengan berbagai konsentrasi. Penelitian eksperimen laboratorium secara in vitro. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah bakteri Escherichia coli dan Shigella dysenteriae dengan tahapan penelitian dimulai dari proses ekstraksi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode ekstraksi bertingkat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi fraksi n-heksan terkecil yang masih menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli dan Shigella dysenteriae adalah 250 µg/ml dan konsentrasi ini dinyatakan sebagai nilai KHM. Uji kesetaraan konsentrasi 250 µg/ml fraksi n-heksan propolis setara dengan 4,0 µg/ml ciprofloxacin terhadap Escherichia coli dan setara dengan 4,6 µg/ml ciprofloxacin terhadap Shigella dysenteriae, sedangkan uji kesetaraan konsentrasi 250 µg/ml fraksi etil asetat propolis setara dengan 5,2 µg/ml ciprofloxacin terhadap Escherichia coli dan setara dengan 4,5 µg/ml ciprofloxacin terhadap Shigella dysenteriae. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah Ekstrak n-heksan dan etil asetat propolis memiliki efektifitas antibakteri terhadap Escherichia coli dan Shigella dysenteriae. Fraksi n-heksan dan etil asetat propolis memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan ciprofloxacin dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli dan Shigella dysenteriae. Senyawa antibakteri yang terdapat dalam fraksi n-heksan dan etil asetat propolis adalah flavonoid dan fenol.
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Novalina, Dhiah, Sugiyarto Sugiyarto, and Ari Susilowati. "Aktivitas Antibakteri Kulit Buah Karika Dieng terhadap Shigella flexneri dan Escherichia coli." Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29238/teknolabjournal.v7i2.137.
Анотація:
Karika merupakan tanaman endemik Dataran Tinggi Dieng. Daun Karika telah diteliti memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri penyebab diare, sedangkan kulit buah dibuang atau dijadikan campuran pakan ternak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri kulit buah Karika terhadap bakteri penyebab keracunan, Shigella flexneri dan Escherichia coli. Sampel difraksinasi untuk memperoleh fraksi n-heksan dan etil asetat. Fraksi diuji aktivitas antibakteri nya terhadap bakteri Shigella flexneri dan Escherichia coli dengan metode sumuran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fraksi etil asetat dengan konsentrasi 50% memiliki daya hambat tertinggi terhadap Shigella flexneri dan Escherichia coli dibandingkan dengan konsentrasi lainnya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa kulit buah Karika memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Shigella flexneri dan Escherichia coli.
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Siregar, Beladiena Citra, Welly Darwis, and Mardhatillah Sariyanti. "Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Akar Tanaman Lauh Putiah (Ficus racemosa L.) Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Shigella dysenteriae Penyebab Diare." Jurnal Kedokteran RAFLESIA 5, no. 1 (October 31, 2019): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/juke.v5i1.8778.
Анотація:
ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Diare merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan di dunia dan negara berkembang. Mortalitas diare berkisar 17,5-21% dengan ekuivalent 1,5 juta orang setiap tahunnya. Escherichia coli dan Shigella Sp. merupakan patogen utama penyebab diare. Antibioik siprofloksasin yang digunakan untuk mengobati diare memiliki berbagai efek samping. Pemanfaatan tanaman obat merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut. Akar Lauh Putiah merupakan salah satu tanaman obat tradisional yang mempunyai banyak manfaat, salah satunya sebagai antibakteri. Penggunaan akar pada masyarakat Desa Pasar Pino dengan cara meminum air rebusan dari akar Lauh Putiah. Kebiasaan dan pengetahuan tersebut telah secara turun-temurun, namun belum dilatarbelakangi studi ilmiah.Metode: Ekstraksi akar Lauh Putiah dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% dan dilarutkan dengan DMSO. Hasil ekstraksi kemudian dilakukan Uji Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Setelah dilakukan uji MIC kemudian dilakukan pengujian efektivitas. Kedua uji ini menggunakan metode difusi kertas cakram. Parameter yang digunakan ialah besarnya zona hambat yang terbentuk disekitar kertas cakram, dan kontrol positif yang digunakan adalah larutan antibiotik siprofloksasin 50 µg/ml untuk bakteri Escherichia coli dan bakteri Shigella dysenteriae.Hasil: Hasil pengujian MIC didapatkan bahwa ekstrak akar Lauh Putiah memiliki kemampuan sebagai antibakteri terhadap bakteri Esherichia coli dan Shigella dysentriae. Dari analisis statistik pengujian ANOVA pengaruh ekstrak akar Lauh Putiah menghambat bakteri Escherichia coli dan Shigella sysentriae memiliki nilai Fhitung > Ftabel dengan nilai ? = 0,05 dan kemudian diuji lanjut dengan menggunakan uji Duncan dan didapatkan zona hambat yang efektif konsentrasi yang efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli adalah konsentrasi 60% (AE3). Pada bakteri Shigella dysentriae didapatkan konsentrasi yang efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Shigella dysenteriae adalah konsentrasi 87,5% (BE4).Kesimpulan: Ekstrak Akar Tanaman Lauh Putiah (Ficus racemosa L.) memiliki daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli dan Shigella dysentriae. Kata kunci: Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Lauh Putiah, Ficus racemosa Linn. ABSTRACTBackground: Diarrhea is one of health problems in the world and developing countries. Diarrhea mortality range is 17.5-21% with an equivalent of 1.5 million people per year. Escherichia coli and Shigella sp. are the main pathogen bacteria that causes diarrhea. Ciprofloxacin is common antibiotic that used to treat diarrhea, but it has various side effects. The use of medicinal plants is an alternative to overcome this problem. Lauh Putiah roots is one of the traditional medicinal plants that has many benefits, one of the benefits is to produce antibacterial compounds. Lauh Putiah roots is used as a medicine for people in Pasar Pino village, it used to heal diarrhea by drinking boiled water from Lauh Putiah roots. These habits have been passed down through generations, but it has not been proofed by scientific studies.Methods: Extraction of Lauh Putiah root was done by maceration method using ethanol 96% and dissolved with DMSO. The extraction results were used to Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) assay. After MIC assay, effectiveness assay was done. Both of these assay used paper disk diffusion methods. The parameters that used were the amount of inhibition zone formed around the disc paper, and the positive control used ciprofloxacin antibiotic 50 µg/ml for Escherichia coli and Shigella sp.Results: The MIC assay results showed that the roots extract of Lauh Putiah had the ability as an antibacterial against Esherichia coli and Shigella dysentriae. From the statistical analysis of ANOVA test, the effect of Lauh Putiah root extract inhibits Escherichia coli and Shigella sysentriae with a value of Fcount> Ftable with a value of ? = 0.05 and then further tested using Duncan test and found an effective inhibition zone concentration that inhibits growth of Escherichia coli in 60% concentration (AE3) and inhibits growth of Shigella dysentriae in 87.5% concentration (BE4).Conclusion: Lauh Putiah Root Extract (Ficus racemosa L.) has inhibitory effect on the growth of Escherichia coli and Shigella dysentriae. Keywords: Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Lauh Putiah, Ficus racemosa Linn.
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Dewi, Lulu Fatma, Sartini Sartini, and Rahmiati Rahmiati. "Isolasi Bakteri Asam Laktat dari Usus Sapi (Bos taurus) serta Kemampuannya dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Bakteri Eschericia coli dan Shigella sp." Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi UMA (JIBIOMA) 1, no. 1 (May 5, 2019): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jibioma.v1i1.145.
Анотація:
The purpose of this research was to determine the ability of BAL from cattle intestine (Bos taurus) in inhibiting the growth of Eschericia coli and Shigella sp. Testing of BAL capability in inhibiting growth of Escherichia coli and Shigella sp. using the disc-diffusion method or the Kirby-Bauer method, which was done by measuring the inhibit zone around the paper disc. Data were analyzed descriptively by displaying data in table and picture form. The results obtained 2 isolates of BAL from the cow intestine. All isolates showed positive results when tested for antibacterial against Escherichia coli and Shigella sp. In isolate BAL with code sp1 has inhibition zone against Escherichia coli equal to 7.5 mm and to Shigella sp. of 6.8 mm, whereas in isolate BAL with code sp2 has inhibition zone against Escherichia coli equal to 8.9 mm and to Shigella sp. of 8.0 mm. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that isolates of lactic acid bacteria with sp2 code has inhibition zone 8.9 mm in inhibiting Eschericia coli while against bacteria Shigella sp. has a diameter of 8.0 mm.
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Denita, Alvina Via, Ainur Rofieq, H. Husamah, and Abdulkadir Rahardjanto. "Analysis of Bacteria Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp and Shigella sp on Black Sticky Rice Ice in Malang." Mangifera Edu 6, no. 2 (January 31, 2022): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31943/mangiferaedu.v6i2.129.
Анотація:
Es tape ketan hitam is a traditional drink that is in great demand by the public and has the potential as a source of disease transmission is in the process of processing not using proper hygiene sanitation. The purpose of this research is to determine the content of Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., and Shigella sp. in es tape ketan hitam. The research was conducted by planting Escherichia coli on EMBA and planting Salmonella sp., and Shigella sp. on SSA. The technique used is the spread method. The results of this study indicate that samples 1, 2, 5 and, 6 contain Escherichia coli exceeding the threshold. Samples 1, 5 and, 6 contained Salmonella sp., and Shigella sp. exceed the provisions. Microbiological requirements of drinks based on PerBPOM RI No. 13 of 2019 is the maximum total Escherichia coli, which is < 3 colonies/ml and 0 colonies/25ml (negative) for Salmonella sp., and Shigella sp. So it can be concluded that 4 out of 6 samples of es tape ketan hitam in Malang City do not meet the criteria for a drink that is fit for consumption based on PerBPOM RI No. 13 of 2019.
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Suwandi, Edy. "Pengaruh Air Rebusan Rimpang Jeringau Merah (Acorus Calamus L.) Konsentrasi 100%, 75%, 50%, Dan 25% terhadap Sensitifitas Bakteri Escherichia Coli, Salmonella Typhi dan Shigella sp." Jurnal Laboratorium Khatulistiwa 2, no. 2 (July 7, 2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30602/jlk.v2i2.327.
Анотація:
Abstract: Red Jeringau (Acorus calamus L.) is one of the endemic plants of West Kalimantan which contains antibacterial, phytochemical, and antioxidant activity. This plant has been used for generations by people who live in the interior and away from health services as a mixture of traditional medicines. This study aims to determine the effect of the concentration of Jeringau Red rhizome water on the sensitivity of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Shigella sp with concentrations of 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%. The Red Jeringau Rhizome is obtained from the Landak Regency and then boiled using distilled water. This study uses a quasi-experimental design with sampling techniques using purposive sampling. This study was conducted with 6 replications for each treatment. The effectiveness test of the Red Jeringau rhizome boiled water was carried out using the Kirby Bauer method with bacterial suspension which was adjusted to Mc Farland’s turbidity standard. The data obtained were then analyzed using a simple linear regression test and obtained p (0.00) <α (0.05) against the bacteria Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Shigella sp. This means that H1 is accepted so that it can be stated that there is an influence of the concentration of Jeringau Red rhizome water on Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Shigella sp. The magnitude of the contribution effect of Jeringau Red rhizome on bacterial sensitivity is 85.7% (R = 0.857) in Escherichia coli, 91.1% (R = 0.911) in Salmonella typhi, and 85.7% (R = 0.857) in Shigella sp.Abstrak Jeringau Merah (Acorus calamus L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman endemik Kalimantan Barat yang mengandung antibakteri, ftokimia, dan aktivitas antioksidan. Tumbuhan ini secara turun temurun dimanfaatkan masyarakat yang tinggal dipedalaman dan jauh dari pelayanan kesehatan sebagai ramuan obat tradisional.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi air rebusan rimpang Jeringau Merah terhadap sensitiftas bakteri Escherichia coli, Salmonella typi dan Shigella sp dengan konsentrasi 100%, 75%, 50% dan 25%. Rimpang Jeringau Merah diperoleh dari Kabupaten Landak kemudian direbus menggunakan aquadest. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimen semu (Quasi Experiment) dengan teknik pengmbilan sampel dengan cara purposive sampling. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan 6 replikasi untuk masing-masing perlakuan. Uji efektiftas air rebusan rimpang Jeringau Merah dilakukan menggunakan metode Kirby Bauer dengan suspensi bakteri yang disesuaikan dengan standar kekeruhan Mc Farland. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji regresi linear sederhana dan didapatkan p (0,00) < α (0,05) terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, dan Shigella sp. Hal ini berarti H1 diterima sehingga dapat dinyatakan bahwa terdapat pengaruh konsentrasi air rebusan rimpang Jeringau Merah terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, dan Shigella sp. Besarnya kontribusi pengaruh rebusan rimpang Jeringau Merah terhadap sensitiftas bakteri yaitu 85,7% (R=0,857) pada Escherichia coli, 91,1% (R=0,911) pada Salmonella typhi, dan 85,7% (R=0,857) pada Shigella sp.
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Azmuda, Nafisa, Rabeya Bilkis, Humaira Akter, Anowara Begum, Sirajul Islam Khan, and Nils Kåre Birkeland. "Serological cross-reactivity of environmental Escherichia coli strains with Shigella-specific antisera." Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology 33, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2018): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v33i1.39600.
Анотація:
Many bacteria of clinical and environmental origin show evidence of sharing common surface antigens. The present study aimed for isolation of Escherichia coli strains that were serologically cross-reactive with Shigella species from freshwater ecosystems in Bangladesh by conventional cultural methods. Among twenty eight isolates, two isolates, termed 12(35) and 6(50) showed cross-reactivity with four polyvalent serogroup-specific Shigella antisera using slide agglutination assay. The isolates were identified and charcterized by cultural and biochemical properties and Western blot analysis. The isolates showed typical Escherichia coli cell morphology and cultural and biochemical properties and were identified as Escherichia coli by API 20E tests. Western blot analysis confirmed the isolates as cross-reactive with all the four group-specific Shigella antisera due to presence of immunogenic proteins and LPS. One of the isolates also showed cross-reactivity with multiple type-specific Shigella boydii antisera (monovalent) because of immunogenic proteins. Both the isolates were identified as nonpathogenic due to absence of virulence marker genes of diarrheagenic E. coli variants.This study revealed that a number of bacteria present in the environment could share important Shigella species surface antigens. Naturally occurring nonpathogenic environmental bacteria expressing surface antigens specific for certain types of Shigella could be a good choice for vaccine candidates against shigellosis.
Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 33, Number 1-2, June-Dec 2016, pp 29-33
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Nguyen, Trung Vu, Phung Van Le, Chinh Huy Le, and Andrej Weintraub. "Antibiotic Resistance in Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and Shigella Strains Isolated from Children in Hanoi, Vietnam." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49, no. 2 (February 2005): 816–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.49.2.816-819.2005.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT The MICs for 162 diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strains and 28 Shigella strains were determined on the basis of NCCLS guidelines. More than 75% of the strains were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol (53.6% of Shigella strains), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Multiresistance was detected in 89.5% of E. coli strains and 78.6% of Shigella strains.
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Hyma, Katie E., David W. Lacher, Adam M. Nelson, Alyssa C. Bumbaugh, J. Michael Janda, Nancy A. Strockbine, Vincent B. Young, and Thomas S. Whittam. "Evolutionary Genetics of a New Pathogenic Escherichia Species: Escherichiaalbertii and Related Shigellaboydii Strains." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 2 (January 15, 2005): 619–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.2.619-628.2005.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT A bacterium originally described as Hafnia alvei induces diarrhea in rabbits and causes epithelial damage similar to the attachment and effacement associated with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Subsequent studies identified similar H. alvei-like strains that are positive for an intimin gene (eae) probe and, based on DNA relatedness, are classified as a distinct Escherichia species, Escherichia albertii. We determined sequences for multiple housekeeping genes in five E. albertii strains and compared these sequences to those of strains representing the major groups of pathogenic E. coli and Shigella. A comparison of 2,484 codon positions in 14 genes revealed that E. albertii strains differ, on average, at ∼7.4% of the nucleotide sites from pathogenic E. coli strains and at 15.7% from Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium. Interestingly, E. albertii strains were found to be closely related to strains of Shigella boydii serotype 13 (Shigella B13), a distant relative of E. coli representing a divergent lineage in the genus Escherichia. Analysis of homologues of intimin (eae) revealed that the central conserved domains are similar in E. albertii and Shigella B13 and distinct from those of eae variants found in pathogenic E. coli. Sequence analysis of the cytolethal distending toxin gene cluster (cdt) also disclosed three allelic groups corresponding to E. albertii, Shigella B13, and a nontypeable isolate serologically related to S. boydii serotype 7. Based on the synonymous substitution rate, the E. albertii-Shigella B13 lineage is estimated to have split from an E. coli-like ancestor ∼28 million years ago and formed a distinct evolutionary branch of enteric pathogens that has radiated into groups with distinct virulence properties.
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Amos, Dora, Priya Khanna, Sayeed Adnan Aali, and Guduru Gopal Rao. "Is whole genome sequencing the answer for identifying Shigella bacteraemia?" BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 12 (December 2019): e231596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-231596.
Анотація:
We present a rare case of Shigella flexneri bacteraemia and the challenges of differentiating Escherichia coli and Shigella spp using conventional and newer laboratory techniques in diagnostic laboratories. The organism was identified only after whole genomic sequencing .
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Elzuhria A, Nadia, Nur Silmi Kaffah, Nafis Rizqi N, Ummi Hanidah, Aisyah Mallika S, Firda Ayu Nabilla, Fajwatunnisa Azkadhafina, et al. "ANTIBIOTICS SENSITIVITY TEST DIFFUSION AND DILUTION METHODS." Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 1 (June 25, 2023): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33533/jrpps.v2i1.7027.
Анотація:
An antibiotic sensitivity test is a method to test the response of bacteria to antibiotics. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of an antibiotic against microbial activity. The sensitivity test was conducted with two methods, namely, the diffusion method and the dilution method. The diffusion method was performed using paper discs (Kirby-Bauer) against Escherichia coli and Shigella sonnei bacteria with amoxicillin, neomycin, and sulfonamide antibiotics. The data required is the diameter of the inhibition zone. Results showed that Escherichia coli was sensitive to amoxicillin but resistant to sulfonamide and neomycin. Meanwhile, Shigella sonnei was resistant to amoxicillin, neomycin, and sulfanilamide. Furthermore, the dilution method was performed to test the potency of amoxicillin against Escherichia coli bacteria using the liquid dilution method. The data required were test tubes with liquid media that showed no turbidity. The results showed that the minimal inhibitory concentration of amoxicillin against Escherichia coli was 0.25%. Based on the results of the antibiotic sensitivity test using the diffusion and the dilution methods, it can be concluded that amoxicillin has high effectiveness against Escherichia coli bacteria with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.25%, while Shigella sonnei is resistant to the antibiotics tested.
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Rahayu, Nunik Tri, Ai Sri Nurhasanah, Alfi Rumidatul, Feldha Fadhila, and Yayan Maryana. "Pengujian Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Kulit Ranting Sengon Dengan Pelarut Metanol Dan N-Heksana." Jurnal Mitra Kesehatan 3, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47522/jmk.v3i1.82.
Анотація:
Pohon Sengon (Falcataria moluccana) memiliki senyawa metabolit sekunder yaitu terpenoid, steroid, flavonoid, fenolik, tanin, saponin yang berfungsi sebagai antibakteri. Antibakteri bersumber dari alam menjadi alternatif untuk pengobatan penyakit infeksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak kulit ranting Sengon dengan pelarut n-heksana dan metanol terhadap Shigella dysentriae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, dan Proteus mirabilis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Kirby Bauer dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 9%, 9,5%, 10%, 10,5% dan 11%. Hasil ekstrak kulit ranting Sengon menunjukkan adanya zona bening dengan konsentrasi efektif yaitu 11% terhadap Shigella dysentriae (4 mm), Escherichia coli (1,7 mm), Salmonella typhi (3,3 mm). Sedangkan ekstrak kulit ranting Sengon dengan pelarut n-heksana terhadap Proteus mirabillis (2,7 mm). Ekstrak kulit ranting Sengon dengan pelarut metanol dan n-heksana memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Shigella dysentriae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, dan Proteus mirabilis. Kata kunci: Antibakteri, Falcataria moluccana, N-heksana, Metanol
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Rahayu, Nunik Tri, Ai Sri Nurhasanah, Alfi Rumidatul, Feldha Fadhila, and Yayan Maryana. "PENGUJIAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK KULIT RANTING SENGON (Falcataria moluccana) DENGAN PELARUT METANOL DAN N-HEKSANA." Jurnal Mitra Kesehatan 3, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.47522/jmk.v3i1.44.
Анотація:
Pendahuluan: Pohon Sengon (Falcataria moluccana) memiliki senyawa metabolit sekunder yaitu terpenoid, steroid, flavonoid, fenolik, tanin, saponin yang berfungsi sebagai antibakteri. Antibakteri bersumber dari alam menjadi alternatif untuk pengobatan penyakit infeksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak kulit ranting Sengon dengan pelarut n-heksana dan metanol terhadap Shigella dysentriae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, dan Proteus mirabilis. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Kirby Bauer dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 9%, 9,5%, 10%, 10,5% dan 11%. Hasil: Hasil ekstrak kulit ranting Sengon menunjukkan adanya zona bening dengan konsentrasi efektif yaitu 11% terhadap Shigella dysentriae (4 mm), Escherichia coli (1,7 mm), Salmonella typhi (3,3 mm). Sedangkan ekstrak kulit ranting Sengon dengan pelarut n-heksana terhadap Proteus mirabillis (2,7 mm). Kesimpulan: Ekstrak kulit ranting Sengon dengan pelarut metanol dan n-heksana memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Shigella dysentriae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, dan Proteus mirabilis.
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Hanum, Zuraida, Rastina Rastina, and Veronica Wanniatie. "Kemampuan Antibakteri Susu Fermentasi terhadap Escherichia coli dan Shigella." Jurnal Agripet 17, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v17i1.6572.
Анотація:
ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan starter Lactobacillus plantarum pada konsentrasi 3%, 4% dan 5% dan diinkubasi selama 48 jam pada suhu kamar. Pengamatan terhadap susu fermentasi dilakukan selama 8 hari. Uji antibakteri ini dilakukan untuk melihat apakah susu fermentasi tersebut mampu menekan pertumbuhan patogen enterobakteri. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian aktivitas penghambatan mikroba dari susu fermentasi terhadap bakteri patogen dengan tiga kali ulangan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan ANOVA. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan susu fermentasi sebagai antibakteri terhadap Escherichia coli dan Shigella flexneri terjadi pada jumlah sel sebanyak (106 CFU/ml) di dalam nutrient agar. Fermentasi susu menggunakan konsentrasi 5% starter memperlihatkan luas zona hambat tertinggi yaitu 17.42 mm terhadap E. coli pada hari kedua. Sedangkan terhadap Shigella flexneri luas zona penghambatan sebesar 8.88 mm pada hari ketiga dengan konsentrasi starter yang sama. (The antibacterial ability of fermented milk to escherichia coli and shigella flexneri)ABSTRACT. The study was performed using Lactobacillus plantarum as starter at concentrations of 3%, 4% and 5% and incubated for 48 hours at room temperature. Observation of fermented milk conducted for 8 day. The antibacterial activity test was analyzed to find whether fermented milk able to inhibit pathogen growth. The antibacterial ability of suppressing of Enterobacteriaceae growth observed by using Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri (106 CFU/ml) in Nutrient Agar and challenge to fermented milk using 3%, 4% and 5% starter or about (50 µl/well). Further testing of microbial inhibitory activity of fermented milk against pathogenic bacteria conducted by three replications. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using ANOVA. The results showed that the ability of fermented milk as antibacterial on Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri occurred in the amount of sell as much as (106 CFU / ml) when it grown in nutrient agar. As a conclusion, fermented milk using a 5% starter showed that the highest inhibition zone of 17.42 mm to E. coli on the second day observation. While inhibition zone of Shigella flexnerii was 8.88 mm on the third day with the same starter concentration.
15
Warsinah, Warsinah, Triyadi Hendra Wijaya, and Nuraeni Ekowati. "The Antibacterial Activity of Acanthus ilicifolius L. n-Hexane Fraction." Journal of Science and Technology Research for Pharmacy 1, no. 2 (January 22, 2022): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jstrp.v1i2.49615.
Анотація:
Background: Recently, with the high prevalence of diarrhoea caused by bacterial infection, the usage of antibiotics has increased. Antibiotic overuse might lead to several side effects and resistance, suggesting the development of an alternate antibacterial agent. A mangrove plant, Acanthus Illinois, contained triterpenoid, which has antibacterial properties.
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of the Acanthus Illinois n-hexane fraction against Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae.
Method: The Acanthus Illinois was fraction using n-Hexane, identification of secondary metabolite compound using GC-MS, and evaluation of antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae under paper disc methods. This study was designed using a fully randomized design (CRD) with concentrations of fractions 1%, 2%, and 4%. The GC-MS results were compared to the WILEY 9 library and analysed. A prism graph was used to measure the inhibition zone of antibacterial activity.
Result: The n-hexane fraction yield is 3.3% and contains sesquiterpene compounds (trans (beta.)-caryophyllene, alpha humulene, naphthalene decahedron-4A-methyl), terpenoid alcohol (3,7,11,15-tetramethyl -2-hexadecane-1-ol), and fatty acids (hexadecanoic acid methyl ester. Acanthus Illinois n-hexane fraction has antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae in a dose-dependent manner.
Conclusion: The n-hexane fraction of leaves Acanthus ilicifolius contains sesquiterpene, alcohol terpenoids, and fatty, and has antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae
16
Sitompul, Erly, Ahmad Hafizullah, Yosy Cinthya Eriwaty Silalahi, and Realisni Telaumbanua. "UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL BIJI PINANG (Areca catechu L.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Escherichia coli, Shigella dysentriae, DAN Salmonella typhi." JURNAL FARMANESIA 4, no. 2 (December 25, 2017): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.51544/jf.v4i2.2705.
Анотація:
One of the medicinal plants is the areca nut (Areca catechu L.) from the Arecae family which has the potential as an anticancer having antioxidant and antimutagenic, astringent, and anthelmintic effects. Areca nut seeds contain alkaloids, such as arekoline, arekolidine, arekain, guvakolin, guvasine and isoguvasine. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the betel nut (Areca catechu L.) simplicia, class of compounds, and the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of areca nut (Areca catechu L.) against the growth of Escherichia coli, Shigella dysentriae, and Salmonella typhi bacteria. The method used is the ethanol extract of areca nut (Areca catechu L.) obtained from the maceration process with 96% ethanol. The results of phytochemical screening showed that the ethanolic extract of areca nut (Areca catechu L.) contains a group of alkaloid compounds, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, and triterpenoids. The effect of giving young betel nut ethanol extract to Escherichia coli, Shigella dysentriae, and Salmonella typhi bacteria was indicated by the formation of an inhibition zone of optimum concentration. The ethanol extract of old betel nut against Escherichia coli, Shigella dysentriae, and Salmonella typhi bacteria was characterized by the formation of an optimum concentration inhibition zone. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of areca nut (Areca catechu L.) has antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Shigella dysentriae, and Salmonella typhi.
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Nasution, Parlindungan, Sugito Sugito, and Kuswiyanto Kuswiyanto. "Pengaruh Konsentrasi Ekstrak Metanol Daun Sambiloto (Andrographis Paniculata Ness) terhadap Sensitivitas Enterobacteriaceae dengan Metode Difusi." Jurnal Laboratorium Khatulistiwa 2, no. 1 (July 7, 2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30602/jlk.v2i1.323.
Анотація:
Abstract: Sambiloto is plant one of the natural resources that be come important to used as medicine. Sambiloto effcacy had been known since long time ago. Based on it’s pharmacological properties, Sambiloto leaves provide antidiarrheal activity against bacteria that causing diarehea in humans especially Eacherichia coli and Shigella dysentriae bacteria. The main content of Sambiloto leaves are diterpenoid lactones (andrographolide), paniculides, farnesols and flavonoids. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of the methanol extract concentration of Sambiloto leaves toward the sensitivity of Escherichia coli and Shigella dysentriae bacteria by using diffusion method. Research design using quasi experimental research. Sample used were leaf extract of Sambiloto with concentration of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% with six times repetition. Data was collected and analyzed by using Spearman analysis. Based on the reseach fnding, the measurement of inhibition zone on Escherichia coli bacteria test found that the average value were 14.67 mm at 100% concentration, 13.67 mm at 75% concentration, 12.17 mm at concentration 50% and 10.00 mm at 25% concentration. While Shigella dysentriae bacteria test obtained that average value were 14.33 mm at 100% concentration, 13.33 mm at 75% concentration, 11.17 at concentration 50% and 9.33 mm at 25% concentration. The data were analyzed by Spearman test and the result was (p = 0,000 <0.01). It showed that there was inhibition zone effect of Sambiloto leaves extract on bacterial sensitivity of Escherichia coli and Shigella dysentriae by using diffusion method. It was concluded that the Sambiloto leaves extract is antibacterial.Abstrak: Tanaman Sambiloto merupakan salah satu bahan alam yang semakin banyak peminatnya untuk dijadikan obat. Khasiat Sambiloto sebenarnya sudah dikenal sejak zaman dahulu. Berdasarkan sifat farmakologinya, daun Sambiloto memberikan aktivitas antidiare terhadap bakteri yang menyebabkan diare pada manusia khususnya bakteri Escherichia coli dan Shigella dysentriae. Kandungan utama dari daun Sambiloto adalah diterpenoide lactones (andrographolide), paniculides, farnesols dan flavonoid. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak metanol daun sambiloto terhadap sensitivitas bakteri Escherichia coli dan Shigella dysentriae dengan metode difusi. Desain Penelitian ini berbentuk penelitian eksperimental semu. Sampel yang digunakan adalah ekstrak daun sambiloto dengan konsentrasi 100%, 75%, 50% dan 25% dengan pengulangan sebanyak enam kali. Data dikumpulkandan dianalisis dengan analisis Spearman. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pengukuran zona hambat pada uji bakteri Escherichia coli didapatkan nilai rata-rata 14.67 mm pada konsentrasi 100%, nilai rata-rata 13.67 mm pada konsentrasi 75%, nilai rata-rata 12.17 mm pada konsentrasi 50% dan nilai rata-rata 10.00 mm pada konsentrasi 25%. Sedangkan uji bakteri Shigella dysentriae didapatkan nilai rata-rata 14.33 mm pada konsentrasi 100%, nilai rata-rata 13.33 mm pada konsentrasi 75%, nilai rata-rata 11.17 pada konsentrasi 50% dan nilai rata-rata 9.33 mm pada konsentrasi 25%. Data dianalisis dengan uji Spearman didapatkan hasil (p = 0,000 < 0.01), menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh zona hambat ekstrak daun sambiloto terhadap sensitivitas bakteri Escherichia coli dan Shigella dysentriae dengan menggunakan metode difusi. Dapat disimpulkan bahawa ekstrak daun sambiloto bersifat antibakteri.
18
Beld, M. J. C., and F. A. G. Reubsaet. "Differentiation between Shigella, enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) and noninvasive Escherichia coli." European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 31, no. 6 (September 7, 2011): 899–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10096-011-1395-7.
19
Telaumbanua, Realisni, and Ulfayani Mayasari. "UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL BIJI PINANG (ARECAE SEMEN) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI ESCHERICHIA COLI, SHIGELLA DYSENTRIAC, DAN SALMONELLA TYPHI." KLOROFIL: Jurnal Ilmu Biologi dan Terapan 5, no. 2 (December 29, 2021): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.30821/kfl:jibt.v5i2.9370.
Анотація:
<p class="abstrak">This study aims to determine the characteristic of simplisia areca nut (<em>Arecae semen</em>), the class of compounds antibacterial activity determination of ethanolic extract of areca nut (<em>Arecae semen</em>) against <em>Escherichia coli, Shigella dysentriae,</em> dan <em>Salmonella typhi</em>. The method used is ethanol extract of areca nut obtained from maceration process with ethanol 96%. Antibacterial activity testers by the diffusion method in order to use paper discs against <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Shigella dysentriae</em>, <em>Salmonella thyphi</em>. The results of phytochemical screening showed that the areca seed etanol extract (<em>Aracae semen</em>) contained tannin, flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, dan triterpenoid. The effect of giving ethanol extract of young area nut <em>Escherichia coli, Shigella dysentriae,</em> dan <em>Salmonella typhi </em>bacteri in marked with the formation of inhibit zone of optimum concentration respectively 150 mg/ml, 300 mg/ml, dan 400 mg/ml with an average diameter of 14.36 mm, 14.16 mm, and 14.23 mm. Ethanol extract of old areca nut to bacteria <em>Escherichia coli, Shigella dysentriae,</em> dan <em>Salmonella typhi </em>in marked with the formation of inhibit zone of optimum concentration respectively 300mg/ml, 400 mg/ml, and 500 mg/ml with an average diameter of 14.46 mm, 14.16 mm and 14.26 mm. Based on the result can be concluded ethanol extract of areca nut (<em>Arecae semen</em>) seeds have antibacterial activity to <em>Escherichia coli, Shigella dysentriae,</em> dan <em>Salmonella typhi. </em>Photochemical screening contains a class of compounds having activity as antibacterial, antidiare, dysentery, and antiparasitic.</p>
20
S, Ebrahimi, Jalali H, and Ziaolhagh SH. "Evaluating the antimicrobial effects of turmeric, ginger and clove extracts on some food pathogen." MOJ Food Processing & Technology 11, no. 1 (January 23, 2023): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojfpt.2023.11.00274.
Анотація:
The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of turmeric, ginger and clove on food pathogens including Salmonella Typhimurium, Shigella Dysenteriae and E. coli. To determine the antimicrobial effects, certain volumes of hydroalcoholic extracts of turmeric, ginger and clove were added to the blank disks, and after culturing the bacteria in Müller-Hinton Agar culture medium, the disks were placed on the culture medium and after the time required for the growth of the microorganism, the cultures were examined for the diameter of the growth inhibition zone. Among the aqueous extracts, the highest antibacterial effect was related to the aqueous extract of turmeric on Escherichia coli pathogen with an average diameter of the growth inhibition zone of 17 mm and the lowest antibacterial effect was related to the aqueous extract of turmeric versus Salmonella with an average diameter of the growth inhibition zone of 9.5 mm. Among ethanolic extracts, the highest antibacterial effect was related to turmeric and ginger against Escherichia coli and Shigella (average diameter of growth inhibition zone 15.1 mm) and the lowest effect was related to ethanolic extract of turmeric versus Salmonella (mean diameter of growth inhibition zone of 10 mm. Among methanolic extracts, the highest antibacterial effect was related to turmeric methanolic extract versus Shigella (mean diameter of growth inhibition zone of 16.8 mm) and the lowest effect was related to methanolic extract of clove versus Escherichia coli (mean diameter of growth inhibition zone of 10.5 mm). Among the studied pathogens, Salmonella showed the highest sensitivity to the hydroalcoholic extracts of the medicinal plants used, and the highest resistance was obtained for Shigella. Considering that the hydroalcoholic extracts of turmeric, ginger and clove have antimicrobial properties, they can be used as food preservatives against Salmonella, Escherichia and Shigella.
21
Lan, Ruiting, M. Chehani Alles, Kathy Donohoe, Marina B. Martinez, and Peter R. Reeves. "Molecular Evolutionary Relationships of Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli and Shigella spp." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 9 (September 2004): 5080–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.9.5080-5088.2004.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC), a distinctive pathogenic form of E. coli causing dysentery, is similar in many properties to bacteria placed in the four species of Shigella. Shigella has been separated as a genus but in fact comprises several clones of E. coli. The evolutionary relationships of 32 EIEC strains of 12 serotypes have been determined by sequencing of four housekeeping genes and two plasmid genes which were used previously to determine the relationships of Shigella strains. The EIEC strains were grouped in four clusters with one outlier strain, indicating independent derivation of EIEC several times. Three of the four clusters contain more than one O antigen type. One EIEC strain (an O112ac:H− strain) was found in Shigella cluster 3 but is not identical to the Shigella cluster 3 D2 and B15 strains with the same O antigen. Two forms of the virulence plasmid pINV have been identified in Shigella strains by using the sequences of ipgD and mxiA genes, and all but two of our EIEC strains have pINV A. The EIEC strains were grouped in two subclusters with a very low level of variation, generally not intermingled with Shigella pINV A strains. The EIEC clusters based on housekeeping genes were reflected in the plasmid gene sequences, with some exceptions. Two strains were found in the pINV B form by using the ipgD sequence, with one strain having an mxiA sequence similar to the divergent sequence of D1. Clearly, EIEC and Shigella spp. form a pathovar of E. coli.
22
Lee, C. K., S. J. Oh, H. J. Kim, B. H. Kim, B. K. Kim, Y. K. Park, and B. G. Yang. "P919 Gut microbial signature and phenotype-specific Indicators in fecal microbiota of Korean patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 17, Supplement_1 (January 30, 2023): i1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac190.1049.
Анотація:
Abstract Background The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Asian countries have been increasing rapidly over the last few decades. This study was aimed to reveal gut metagenomic characteristics and identify a robust fecal microbial marker in Korean patients with IBD through a large-scale comparative study. Methods Gut metagenomic study using 640 fecal samples collected from patients with 523 IBD (223 Crohn’s disease [CD], 300 ulcerative colitis [UC]) and 117 healthy controls was conducted by 16S rRNA sequencing. Unsupervised cluster analysis based on the predicted functional genes was conducted. Microbiome Multivariable Association with Linear Models was used to determine relationship between metagenomic data and clinical metadata after adjusting for multiple covariates. Results Patients with IBD, particularly CD, had a significantly lower alpha diversity than the controls (p <0.05). An increase in stool consistency was positively associated with community diversity in controls and UC (p = 5.3e-11, Kruskal-Wallis test), but not in patients with CD. Differential abundance analysis revealed an expansion of the phylum Proteobacteria and its constituent taxa in CD, and Ruminococcaceae and Bacteroidaceae families in UC, LDA score [log10] >2.0, p <0.05. Patients with CD had a strong association with Escherichia-Shigella in their fecal microbiome compared to the controls in a multivariable model (FDR <0.01). Microbial functional prediction revealed the strong upregulation of bacterial invasion of epithelial cells and Shigellosis pathways in CD (FDR <0.01, absolute coefficient >2.0). Strong enhancement of the siderophores biosynthesis pathways, the aerobactin and enterobactin biosynthesis pathways (FDR <0.01, absolute coefficient of 2.947 and 1.971, respectively), with abundant contribution from the genus Escherichia-Shigella, is in line with the results obtained from taxonomic profiles. Clustering analysis identified two distinct function-based clusters showing a contrast in the diseae behavior of IBD. Cluster II enriched in patients with stricturing/penetrating Crohn's and extensive UC displayed a significant increase of the genus Escherichia-Shigella (Fig. 1a) and a simultaneous depletion of the genus Faecalibacterium (Fig. 1b), all FDR <10-50. Conclusion The present study adds to the growing evidence that the pathogenesis of CD is underpinned by the genus Escherichia-Shigella. Escherichia-Shigella may be a universal pathobiont in IBD, irrespective of ethnic and life-style backgrounds. Abundance shifting of Escherichia-Shigella and Faecalibacterium in fecal microbiomes is strongly linked with advanced behavior of IBD, which will have significant implications for future research on the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
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Luck, Shelley N., Sally A. Turner, Kumar Rajakumar, Ben Adler, and Harry Sakellaris. "Excision of the Shigella Resistance Locus Pathogenicity Island in Shigella flexneri Is Stimulated by a Member of a New Subgroup of Recombination Directionality Factors." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 16 (August 15, 2004): 5551–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.16.5551-5554.2004.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT Pathogenicity islands are capable of excision and insertion within bacterial chromosomes. We describe a protein, Rox, that stimulates excision of the Shigella resistance locus pathogenicity island in Shigella flexneri. Sequence analysis suggests that Rox belongs to a new subfamily of recombination directionality factors, which includes proteins from P4, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, and Yersinia pestis.
24
Prunier, Anne-Laure, Raymond Schuch, Reinaldo E. Fernández, and Anthony T. Maurelli. "Genetic Structure of the nadA and nadB Antivirulence Loci in Shigella spp." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 17 (June 22, 2007): 6482–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00525-07.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT Comparison of nadA and nadB in 14 Shigella strains and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli versus E. coli showed that at least one locus is altered in all strains. These observations explain the characteristic nicotinic acid auxotrophy of Shigella organisms and are consistent with the previously identified antivirulence nature of these genes for these pathogens.
25
Schultz, C. "Isoenzyme analysis of typhoid-Shigella and Escherichia-Shigella hybrid vaccines and their parental strains." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 27, no. 12 (1989): 2838–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.27.12.2838-2841.1989.
26
Okeke, Iruka N., Aaron O. Aboderin, and Japheth A. Opintan. "Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli May Account for Uncultured Shigella." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 94, no. 2 (February 3, 2016): 480–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.15-0777a.
27
OMURA, Kanzo, Akio YOSHIDA, Norihiko SUZUKI, Shinya TAKAI, Yoshihisa KUSUI, Yasuo NAKANO, and Yoshihito MIYATA. "Rapid Differentiation Method for Shigella and Escherichia coli." Journal of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases 66, no. 4 (1992): 456–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.66.456.
28
Lan, Ruiting, and Peter R. Reeves. "Escherichia coli in disguise: molecular origins of Shigella." Microbes and Infection 4, no. 11 (September 2002): 1125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1286-4579(02)01637-4.
29
Rai, Suman, and Shiva Kumar Rai. "Anti-Bacterial Effect of Zanthoxylum armatum Oleoresin Against Some Bacterial Isolates from Pork and Chicken Meat Sold in Dharan, Nepal." Himalayan Journal of Science and Technology 1 (December 1, 2017): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hijost.v1i0.25820.
Анотація:
Zanthoxylum armatum is a medicinal plant found in the Himalayan range. The present study was carried out to unravel the antimicrobial activities of Z. armatum oleoresin against bacteria isolated from raw pork and chicken meat sold in Dharan submetropolitan city. Five bacterial species Salmonella enterica var Typhi, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated. The antimicrobial activity of oleoresin extracted from Z. armatum was tested by agar well diffusion method and MICs were compared with standard antibiotics against isolated bacteria. The MIC values of oleoresin were ranged from 25-75 μl/mL. Zone of inhibition for oleoresin extracted with acetone was 10 mm (25 μl/mL) against Shigella dysenteriae and Staphylococcus aureus, and 9.5mm (25 μl/mL) against Escherichia coli respectively. Zone of inhibition of oleoresin extracted with chloroform was 12 mm (25 μl/mL) and 11 mm (25 μl/mL) against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus respectively, that of oleoresin extracted with cyclohexane was 10mm(25 μl/mL and 50 μl/mL) against all the isolates, except Bacillus cereus. Zone of inhibition of oleoresin extracted with methanol was 10mm (25 μl/mL) and 9.5 cm (25 μl/mL) against Shigella dysenteriae and Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli respectively. Zone of inhibition of oleoresin extracted with petroleum ether was 10 mm (25 μl/mL and (50 μl/mL) against Escherichia coli and all the isolates except Escherichia coli. Increasing oleoresin concentrations showed greater antimicrobial effect on the isolates. Bacillus cereus was most affected; comparatively, Salmonella enterica var Typhi was least affected by all the antibiotics.
30
Sari, Felisa Ananda, Herwin Herwin, and Selpida Handayani. "Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Purple Kencana Leaves (Ruellia tuberosa L.) Using TLC-Bioautography and Agar Diffusion Methods." Journal Microbiology Science 3, no. 2 (September 29, 2023): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.56711/jms.v3i2.982.
Анотація:
Kencana Ungu Leaf (Ruellia tuberosa L.) is a traditional plant that has antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of Kencana Ungu leaves (Ruellia tuberosa L.) using TLC-Bioautography and Agar Diffusion methods. Simplisia from Kencana Ungu leaves (Ruellia tuberosa L.) was extracted by maceration method and then evaporated to obtain a thick extract. Preliminary testing, namely the antibacterial screening test, active extract at a concentration of 0.5% against Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, and Salmonella thypi. The results of the antibacterial activity test using the TLC-Bioautography method using chloroform: methanol (7:1) as an eluent showed results with an Rf value of 0.89 which inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, and Salmonella thypi bacteria. While the results of testing the antibacterial activity using the Agar Diffusion method obtained the largest diameter of the inhibition zone at a concentration of 20% for Escherichia coli bacteria with an inhibition zone diameter of 12.15 mm, Shigella dysenteriae with an inhibition zone diameter of 11.72 mm, and Salmonella thypi with an inhibition zone diameter of 12.67 mm.
31
Wardani, Erlita Kusuma, Evi Kurniawaty, and Oktadoni Saputra. "UJI EFEKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK RIMPANG KUNYIT Curcuma domestica TERHADAP BAKTERI Escherichia coli DAN Shigella dysenteriae." Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan 10, no. 2 (March 5, 2023): 1494–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.33024/jikk.v10i2.9056.
Анотація:
Kunyit merupakan salah satu tanaman obat keluarga atau TOGA yang sedang menjadi perhatian banyak kalangan terutama di wilayah tropis seperti di negara Indonesia. Kunyit juga telah banyak diketahui fungsinya, di bidang kesehatan kunyit juga memiliki khasiat dalam mengatasi diare atau memiliki efek antibakteri terhadap bakteri-bakteri yang dapat menyebabkan diare. Rimpang kunyit (Curcuma domestica) memiliki senyawa antibakteri yaitu terpenoid, saponin, dan tanin. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji efek antibakteri ekstrak rimpang kunyit (Curcuma domestica) terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Shigella dysenteriae. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan November 2022 di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi dan Parasitologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Lampung. Ekstrak rimpang kunyit Curcuma domestica didapatkan dari Laboratorium Kimia Organik Universitas Lampung dengan teknik ekstraksi yaitu maserasi. Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak rimpang kunyit (Curcuma domestica) dilakukan secara in vitro menggunakan metode disc diffusion pada media Mueller-Hinton Agar. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan adanya aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak rimpang kunyit Curcuma domestica terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Shigella dysenteriae dengan daya hambat kuat yaitu pada konsentrasi 50% dan 100%, namun efek antibakteri ini tidak melebihi kontrol positif. Terdapat efektivitas antibakteri ekstrak rimpang kunyit Curcuma domestica terhadap daya hambat pertumbuhan Escherichia coli dan Shigella dysenteria.
32
Rezwan, Ferdousi, Ruiting Lan, and Peter R. Reeves. "Molecular Basis of the Indole-Negative Reaction in Shigella Strains: Extensive Damages to the tna Operon by Insertion Sequences." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 21 (November 1, 2004): 7460–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.21.7460-7465.2004.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT The molecular basis of the loss of tryptophan utilization (indole-negative phenotype) of Shigella strains, in effect clones of Escherichia coli, was investigated. Analysis of the tna operon of 23 Shigella strains representing each of the indole-negative serotypes revealed that insertion sequence-mediated insertion and/or deletions damaged the tna operon, leading to inability to convert tryptophan to indole. These events differ for cluster 1, cluster 3, and the outlier Shigella strains, confirming our previous observation of independent origins of these lineages from within E. coli. Parallel loss of the trait and prevalence of indole-negative strains suggest that the trait is deleterious in Shigella strains and advantages those without it.
33
Thapa, Krishtina, and Sonu Shrestha. "Microbiological Analysis of Ice-cream Sold in Kathmandu Valley." Journal of Food Science and Technology Nepal 7 (June 16, 2014): 90–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v7i0.10615.
Анотація:
Different types of ice cream samples were collected from three different local vendors of Kathmandu (i.e. Samakhusi, Jawalakhel and Chabahil) for the microbial examination. Study explored that the ice cream samples from Chabahil showed the presence of highest number of mesophilic microorganisms with an average of 2.16×107 CFU/ml and 27.4 CFU/100ml of Coliform followed by samples collected from Jawalakhel and Samakhusi. The samples have been found to be contaminated with Coliforms (Enterobacter spp., Escherichia spp., Klebsiella spp., Citrobacter spp.), Salmonella (Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi, Salmonella enteritidis), Shigella (Shigella boydii, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei, Shigella dysenteriae) and Staphylococcus aureus. These findings indicated that not only the unhygienic practices of handling by the vendors but also the carelessness of manufacturers during processing of ice creams. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v7i0.10615 J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 7 (90-92), 2012
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BIN KINGOMBE, CESAR I., MARIA-LUCIA CERQUEIRA-CAMPOS, and JEFFREY M. FARBER. "Molecular Strategies for the Detection, Identification, and Differentiation between Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli and Shigella spp." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.2.239.
Анотація:
A strategy for the detection, identification, and differentiation of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) and Shigella spp. has been developed. The strategy includes (i) a multiplex PCR for the amplification of two virulence genes, i.e., iuc (222 bp) and ipaH (629 bp); (ii) amplification of the ial gene (a 1,038-bp amplicon) located within a large plasmid; and (iii) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the ial gene amplicon. The multiplex PCR provided three patterns. Pattern 1 (iuc−/ipaH+) was found in 10 (67%) of 15 EIEC strains tested, pattern 2 (iuc+/ipaH−) in only 2 (4.4%) of 46 non-EIEC isolates, whereas pattern 3 (iuc+/ipaH+) was observed in all Shigella spp. and also in 5 (33%) of 15 EIEC strains tested. The pattern 3 EIEC strains were all positive for the ial gene. The PCR-RFLP of the ial gene amplicon using the endonuclease AclI was used to differentiate Shigella spp. from the EIEC strains that belonged to pattern 3. The ial gene was present in 21 (38%) of 56 and 6 (40%) of 15 Shigella spp. and EIEC strains tested, respectively. The PCR-RFLP of the ial gene amplicon divided the strains in two types. Type 1 did not contain the restriction enzyme site and was found in 6 (100%) of 6 EIEC strains, 4 (80%) of 5 Shigella boydii, and 4 (100%) of 4 Shigella dysenteriae strains tested. Type 2, which gave two fragments of 286 and 752 bp, was observed in 5 (83%) of 6 Shigella flexneri strains and 6 (100%) of 6 Shigella sonnei strains. Detection, identification, and differentiation of Shigella spp. and EIEC were achieved by analyses of the PCR patterns and RFLP types. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate a simple and rapid method for detecting, identifying, and differentiating, at the molecular level, Shigella spp. and EIEC strains. This method will have tremendous utility as an epidemiological tool and in helping to develop policies, risk assessments, and national and international methods for Shigella spp.
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Zeng, Qinghuang, Renhe Zeng, and Jianbin Ye. "Alteration of the oral and gut microbiota in patients with Kawasaki disease." PeerJ 11 (July 10, 2023): e15662. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15662.
Анотація:
Background Kawasaki disease (KD) is a multi-systemic vasculitis that primarily affects children and has an unknown cause. Although an increasing number of studies linking the gut microbiota with KD, the unchallengeable etiology of KD is not available. Methods Here, we obtained fecal and oral samples from KD patients and healthy controls, and then we use high-throughput sequencing to examine the diversity and composition of microbiota. Results Results showed that both in the gut and oral microbiota, the diversity of KD patients was significantly lower than that of the healthy controls. In the gut microbiota, a higher abundance of Enterococcus (40.12% vs less than 0.1%), Bifidobacterium (20.71% vs 3.06%), Escherichia-Shigella (17.56% vs 0.61%), Streptococcus (5.97% vs 0.11%) and Blautia (4.69% vs 0.1%) was observed in the KD patients, and enrichment of Enterococcus in the patients was observed. In terms of oral microbiota, the prevalence of Streptococcus (21.99% vs 0.1%), Rothia (3.02% vs 0.1%), and Escherichia-Shigella (0.68% vs 0.0%) were significantly higher in the KD patients, with the enrichment of Streptococcus and Escherichia-Shigella. Additionally, significant differences in microbial community function between KD patients and healthy controls in the fecal samples were also observed, which will affect the colonization and reproduction of gut microbiota. Conclusions These results suggested that the dysbiosis of gut and oral microbiota are both related to KD pathogenesis, of which, the prevalence of Enterococcus in the gut and higher abundance of Streptococcus and Escherichia-Shigella in the oral cavity will be a potential biomarker of the KD. Overall, this study not only confirms that the disturbance of gut microbiota is a causative trigger of KD but also provides new insight into the oral microbiota involved in KD pathogenesis.
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Hameed, Kanwal, Asif Ali Amir Ali, Sughra Parveen, Imran Khan, Jehangir Ali, and Abdul Waheed. "COMMON BACTERIOLOGICAL PATHOGENS AND THEIR ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN IN BILE OF PATIENTS WITH CHOLELITHIASIS." Infectious Diseases Journal of Pakistan 32, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.61529/idjp.v32i1.121.
Анотація:
Background: To determine the pattern of antibiotic susceptibility of common bacteriological pathogens of bile in patients with Cholelithiasis. Material and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of surgery, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, from January 2020 to July 2020. All patients between the ages of 16 and 65, with symptomatic cholelithiasis operated by open or laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in this study. Patients with acute cholecystitis, obstructive jaundice, and common bile duct stones were excluded from the study. Cultures and Sensitivity tests were performed for aerobes and anaerobes pathogens in JPMC laboratory. Socio-demographic variables and clinical parameters were recorded in a predefined proforma. Data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26. Results: Out of a total of 610 samples, 314 cultures were positive for bacteria. Bacteriological investigation revealed Escherichia coli was isolated in 97 (30.89%) patients, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in 66 (21.02%), Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Shigella sonnei in 18 (5.73%), Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica in 18 (5.73%), only Klebsiella pneumoniae in 64 (20.38%), Salmonella enterica in 15 (4.78%), Salmonella enterica and Klebsiella pneumoniae in 32 (10.19%), and Shigella sonnei in 4 (1.27%) patients. The most susceptible antibiotic for microorganisms on the whole was Imipenem (66.7%). The highest resistance was shown against Cefradine (76.4%). Conclusion: The current study concludes that the most common bacteria of symptomatic cholelithiasis are Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae followed by Salmonella enterica and Shigella sonnei. These bacteria showed an overall susceptibility to Imipenem. Key Words: Bacteriological investigation, Symptomatic cholelithiasis, Culture, Sensitivity, Antibiotics
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Li, Yayue, Boyang Cao, Bin Liu, Dan Liu, Qili Gao, Xia Peng, Junli Wu, David A. Bastin, Lu Feng, and Lei Wang. "Molecular detection of all 34 distinct O-antigen forms of Shigella." Journal of Medical Microbiology 58, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.000794-0.
Анотація:
Shigella is the cause of shigellosis or bacillary dysentery, the occurrence of which is estimated to be 165 million cases per year worldwide, resulting in 1.1 million deaths. Rapid and reliable assays for detecting and identifying Shigella in food, environmental and clinical samples are therefore necessary. Shigella species are traditionally identified by their O antigens. This study developed a DNA microarray targeting O-serotype-specific genes to detect all 34 distinct O-antigen forms of Shigella, including Shigella boydii types 1–18, Shigella dysenteriae types 1–13, Shigella flexneri types 1–5 and 6, and Shigella sonnei. A total of 282 strains were used to test the specificity of the microarray, including 186 Shigella and Escherichia coli representative strains, 86 Shigella clinical isolates and ten strains of other bacterial species that are commonly isolated from food or clinical stool specimens. The oligonucleotide probes were printed on the microarray in concentrations from 1 to 100 μM, and 10 μM proved to be the optimal probe concentration. The detection sensitivity for each serotype was 50 ng genomic DNA or 1 c.f.u. in 25 g milk powder sample following a 6 h enrichment in broth. The microarray is specific, sensitive and reproducible, and, to our knowledge, is the first report of a microarray for serotyping all O-antigen forms of Shigella.
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LIN, WEN S., CHORNG-MING CHENG, and KHANH T. VAN. "A Quantitative PCR Assay for Rapid Detection of Shigella Species in Fresh Produce." Journal of Food Protection 73, no. 2 (February 1, 2010): 221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-73.2.221.
Анотація:
A quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay with two primers and a TaqMan probe targeting conserved regions of the specific ipaH gene of Shigella species and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) were developed. This qPCR assay was used to identify 206 Shigella strains (including four Shigella species with all serotypes and two provisional Shigella species), 3 EIEC strains, and 113 non-Shigella strains with 100% accuracy. Pure cultures of six Shigella reference strains were used to derive standard curves to determine the detection limit and efficiency of the qPCR method. The ipaH qPCR assay had an equally low detection limit (0.12 to 0.74 CFU per PCR) for the four Shigella species tested. The average qPCR efficiency was 99.29% (95.36 to 103.92%). The detection limit of the qPCR assay tested on 15 varieties of inoculated fresh produce ranged from 0.4 to 16 CFU/100 ml of buffer rinse. This qPCR assay took the variation of wild-type nucleotides into consideration and was used successfully to screen fresh produce. This highly sensitive qPCR assay can be completed within 24 h and has potential use as a screening tool for all four Shigella species and EIEC in food samples.
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GOKALP, H. Y., H. YETIM, M. KAYA, and H. W. OCKERMAN. "Saprophytic and Pathogenic Bacteria Levels in Turkish Soud-jouks Manufactured in Erzurum, Turkey1." Journal of Food Protection 51, no. 2 (February 1, 1988): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-51.2.121.
Анотація:
In Turkey, spicy, typically dry, fermented sausage (soudjouk) is one of the most popular processed meat products. In this study, 42 soudjouk samples were collected from the eight manufacturers in Erzurum, Turkey. These samples were evaluated for aerobic plate count (APC) at 37 and 25°C, psychrotrophic, coliform, Escherichia coli, and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus counts and presence of Salmonella and Shigella spp. Generally, all the samples had very high counts of most of the bacteria enumerated. In two samples of the 42, Shigella spp. was found and one of them was Shigella boydii. None of the samples yielded Salmonella spp.
40
Chowdhury, Fatema Moni, Sirajul Islam Khan, Nils Kåre Birkeland, and Chowdhury Rafiqul Ahsan. "Antigenic Cross-Reactivity Between Escherichia albertii DM104 and Different Shigella spp." Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology 35, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v35i1.39799.
Анотація:
Environmental Escherichia albertii strain DM104 has been found to induce protective immunity against Shigella dysenteriae in guinea pig model and intranasal immunization showed promising results in terms of antibody response and protective efficacy. For selecting a proper immunodiagnostics marker against shigellosis, the current study investigated the antigenic cross-reactivity between DM104 and four different Shigella spp (S. dysenteriae type 4, S. flexneri type 2a, S. boydii type 15 and S. sonnei). At least six antigenic protein bands (85, 72, 34, 30, 23 and 20 k Da) of the surface components from all these species reacted strongly with both homologous and heterologous antisera, suggesting common distribution of antigenic determinants/epitopes in these bacterial species. This experiment, thus gave a clear idea of the level of antigenic determinants/epitopes sharing and variations between the DM104 and four Shigella spp. Results from this study suggest that the 34, 23 and 20 k Da antigenic proteins may be incorporated as immunodiagnostic marker for the detection of different Shigella spp.
Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 35 Number 1 June 2018, pp 17-21
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Gorrasi, Susanna, Marcella Pasqualetti, Andrea Franzetti, Alejandro Gonzalez-Martinez, Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez, Barbara Muñoz-Palazon, and Massimiliano Fenice. "Persistence of Enterobacteriaceae Drawn into a Marine Saltern (Saline di Tarquinia, Italy) from the Adjacent Coastal Zone." Water 13, no. 11 (May 21, 2021): 1443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13111443.
Анотація:
Enterobacteriaceae is present in various niches worldwide (i.e., the gastrointestinal tracts of animals, clinical specimens, and diverse environments) and hosts some well-known pathogens (i.e., salmonellas, shigellas and pathogenic coliforms). No investigation has focused on its occurrence in marine salterns, and it is not clear if these hypersaline environments could be a reservoir for these bacteria including some potentially harmful members. In this study, a two-year metabarcoding survey was carried out on samples collected from different ponds of the “Saline di Tarquinia” salterns and the nearby coastal waters. Enterobacteriaceae was recorded almost constantly in the seawaters feeding the saltern. Its abundance was generally higher in the sea than in the ponds, probably due to the higher anthropic impact. The same trend was evidenced for the key genus (Escherichia/Shigella) and OTU (OTU 5) of the Enterobacteriaceae community. Various parameters affected taxon/OTU abundance: Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia/Shigella and OTU5 decreased with increasing salinity and rains; moreover, Escherichia/Shigella and OTU 5 were higher in autumn than in spring. Although Enterobacteriaceae did not seem to find the most favourable conditions for a high-abundance persistence in the saltern environment, it did not disappear. These observations suggested this environment as a potential reservoir for bacteria with possible important health implications.
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Junaedi, Fhadillah, Rachmat Kosman, and Herwin Herwin. "IDENTIFICATION OF ACTIVE CHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF PAINTED NETTLE LEAVES (COLEUS SCUTELLARIOIDES L. BENTH) AGAINST GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTION BACTERIA USING TLCBIOAUTOGRAPHY AND AGAR DIFFUSION METHOD." Journal Microbiology Science 3, no. 1 (May 4, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.56711/jms.v3i1.869.
Анотація:
Infectious diseases are one of the public health problems caused by the transmission and multiplication of microorganisms. The research on the antibacterial activity of painted nettle leaves (Coleus scutellarioides L. Benth) extracts was carriedout to examine the activity and chemical components that provide inhibition against gastrointestinal infection bacteria. The extraction of painted nettles leaves performed maceration methd using a solvent of 96%. The extraction results were examined to determine the antibacterial activity at 1% concentration of the test bacteria: Escherichia coli, Salmonella thypi, and Shigella dysenteriae. The results showed that 96% ethanol extract of painted nettle leaves inhibited Escherichia coli, Salmonella thypi, and Shigella dysenteriae. The research conducted using agar diffusion indicated that painted nettleleaf extract showed activity against bacteria and had highly strong potential with diameters of 6-20 mm. The results of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) Bioautography test of ethanol extract of painted nettle leaves using chloroform:methanol eluent (3:1) showed inhibition of Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, and Salmonella thypi at Rf values of 0.90, 0.80, 0.56. Therefore, the identification test confirmed that the chemical componentsproviding antibacterial are from flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, alkaloids, and steroidsKey words: Identification of chemical components, painted nettle leaves, gastrointestinal bacteria, TLC-Bioautography and Agar diffusion
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Harutyunyan, Shushan, Irene Neuhauser, Alexandra Mayer, Michael Aichinger, Valéria Szijártó, Gábor Nagy, Eszter Nagy, Petra Girardi, Frank J. Malinoski, and Tamás Henics. "Characterization of ShigETEC, a Novel Live Attenuated Combined Vaccine against Shigellae and ETEC." Vaccines 8, no. 4 (November 16, 2020): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040689.
Анотація:
Background: Shigella spp. and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) remain the two leading bacterial causes of diarrheal diseases worldwide. Attempts to develop preventive vaccines against Shigella and ETEC have not yet been successful. The major challenge for a broad Shigella vaccine is the serotype-specific immune response to the otherwise protective LPS O-antigen. ETEC vaccines mainly rely on the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), while heat-stable toxin (ST) has also been shown to be an important virulence factor. Methods: We constructed a combined Shigella and ETEC vaccine (ShigETEC) based on a live attenuated Shigella strain rendered rough and non-invasive with heterologous expression of two ETEC antigens, LTB and a detoxified version of ST (STN12S). This new vaccine strain was characterized and tested for immunogenicity in relevant animal models. Results: Immunization with ShigETEC resulted in serotype independent protection in the mouse lung shigellosis model and induced high titer IgG and IgA antibodies against bacterial lysates, and anti-ETEC toxin antibodies with neutralizing capacity. Conclusions: ShigETEC is a promising oral vaccine candidate against Shigella and ETEC infections and currently in Phase 1 testing.
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ESTUNINGSIH, SRI, CLAUDIA KRESS, ABDULWAHED A. HASSAN, ÖMER AKINEDEN, ELISABETH SCHNEIDER, and EWALD USLEBER. "Enterobacteriaceae in Dehydrated Powdered Infant Formula Manufactured in Indonesia and Malaysia." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 12 (December 1, 2006): 3013–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.12.3013.
Анотація:
To determine the occurrence of Salmonella and Shigella in infant formula from Southeast Asia, 74 packages of dehydrated powdered infant follow-on formula (recommended age, >4 months) from five different manufacturers, four from Indonesia and one from Malaysia, were analyzed. None of the 25-g test portions yielded Salmonella or Shigella. However, further identification of colonies growing on selective media used for Salmonella and Shigella detection revealed the frequent occurrence of several other Enterobacteriaceae species. A total of 35 samples (47%) were positive for Enterobacteriaceae. Ten samples (13.5%) from two Indonesian manufacturers yielded Enterobacter sakazakii. Other Enterobacteriaceae isolated included Pantoea spp. (n = 12), Escherichia hermanii (n = 10), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 8), Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae (n = 3), Citrobacter spp. (n = 2), Serratia spp. (n = 2), and Escherichia coli (n = 2). To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the contamination of dehydrated powdered infant formula from Indonesia with E. sakazakii and several other Enterobacteriaceae that could be opportunistic pathogens. Improper preparation and conservation of these products could result in a health risk for infants in Indonesia.
45
Luo, Xue Lian, Jian Guo Xu, and Chang Yun Ye. "Analysis of synonymous codon usage inShigella flexneri2a strain 301 and otherShigellaandEscherichia colistrains." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 57, no. 12 (December 2011): 1016–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w11-095.
Анотація:
In this study, we analysed synonymous codon usage in Shigella flexneri 2a strain 301 (Sf301) and performed a comparative analysis of synonymous codon usage patterns in Sf301 and other strains of Shigella and Escherichia coli . Although there was a significant variety in codon usage bias among different Sf301 genes, there was a slight but observable codon usage bias that could primarily be attributable to mutational pressure and translational selection. In addition, the relative abundance of dinucleotides in Sf301 was observed to be independent of the overall base composition but was still caused by differential mutational pressure; this also shaped codon usage. By comparing the relative synonymous codon usage values across different Shigella and E. coli strains, we suggested that the synonymous codon usage pattern in the Shigella genomes was strain specific. This study represents a comprehensive analysis of Shigella codon usage patterns and provides a basic understanding of the mechanisms underlying codon usage bias.
46
Le Gall, T. "Selection-driven transcriptome polymorphism in Escherichia coli/Shigella species." Genome Research 15, no. 2 (January 14, 2005): 260–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.2405905.
47
Gomez, Henry F., and Thomas G. Cleary. "Drug-resistant Salmonella, Shigella, and diarrhea-associated Escherichia coli." Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases 7, no. 3 (July 1996): 212–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1045-1870(96)80009-4.
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Zuhairiah, Zuhairiah, Siti Maimunah, and Maringan Silitonga. "PEMERIKSAAN CEMARAN Escherichia coli, Shigella sp DAN Salmonella sp PADA SUSU SAPI PERAH YANG DIPEROLEH DARI PETERNAKAN ASAM KUMBANG KECAMATAN MEDAN SELAYANG." JURNAL FARMANESIA 8, no. 1 (June 26, 2021): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.51544/jf.v8i1.2785.
Анотація:
Milk is a drink that is mandatory for consumption by the public, especially for children, therefore, milk must be free from contamination with Escherichia coli, Shigella sp and Salmonella sp bacteria, through the tools used are not clean, the environment is dirty, the hands of workers, and others. This study aims to determine the presence or absence of Escherichia coli, Shigella sp, and Salmonella sp bacteria in Dairy Cow Milk obtained from the Asam Kumbang Farm, Medan Selayang District. The research sample was ten samples of milk from dairy cows in one farm with different cows which were treated with two aseptic and non-aseptic treatments. The research method used is descriptive research with MPN (Most Probable Number) method to count coliform bacteria followed by an examination of LB, BGLB, EMBA media, gram staining, biochemical tests, IMVIC tests, and user testing methods on samples of Shigella sp and Salmonella bacteria sp followed by an examination of NB, SCB, SSA media, gram staining, biochemical tests, and IMVIC. The results showed that one aseptic sample A and 3 non-aseptic samples A, B, C had Escherichia coli bacteria in dairy cows' milk. The quality of milk must comply with the requirements of SNI 3141.1:2011 Fresh Milk Quality and the Maximum Limit of Microbial Contamination in SNI 7388-2009 Fresh Milk.
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Pisani, A., P. Rausch, S. Ellul, C. Bang, T. Tabone, C. Marantidis Cordina, G. Zahra, P. Ellul, and A. Franke. "DOP25 Association of Enterobacteriaceae with Crohn’s Disease subtypes during remission." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 15, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): S063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab073.064.
Анотація:
Abstract Background Members of the Enterobacteriaceae have been associated with active Crohn’s Disease (CD), possibly as a result of intestinal inflammation via production of a lipopolysaccharide that can trigger TLR4 signalling. This study aims to assess whether this association persists in remission of CD patients and whether correlation with disease phenotype is present. Methods Stool samples of 32 CD patients in remission and 97 healthy controls were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. High quality Amplicon sequence variants (ASV) were derived and classified via DADA2. Results ASV 6-Escherichia/Shigella uncl. was found to be more abundant in CD (padj=0.0003) while ASV 24, another member of the Escherichia/Shigella cluster was identified as being an indicator species for CD (padj=0.09). Differential abundance analysis according to phenotype as per Montreal classification revealed that, compared to patients with the B1 phenotype, patients with the B2 and/or B3 have a higher abundance of Escherichia/Shigella uncl. (ASVs 13, 31, 282 and 422), Klebsiella uncl. (ASVs 75 and 101) and Enterobacter uncl. (ASV 219) (Figure 1). Furthermore, patients with L3 involvement had higher abundances of Klebsiella uncl. (ASVs 75 and 101) and Parasutturella uncl. (ASVs 22, 53, 120, 199, 249 and 510), the latter being a Proteobacteria, compared to patients with L1 and/or L2 involvement. No significant association with “Age of Onset” was identified. In addition, network analyses revealed a strongly correlated group of Enterobacteriaceae ASVs (Klebsiella, Escherichia/Shigella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter) which appear to collectively associate to CD. Abstract DOP25 – Figure 1: Heatmap visualizing significant differentially abundant ASVs in CD patients with respect to behaviour subgroups Conclusion Enterobacteriaceae persist in the faecal microbiota in significantly higher levels than controls despite remission and furthermore are associated with the more severe phenotypes of stricturing and penetrating disease. Further studies might indicate whether microbiota assessment on diagnosis might predict CD subtypes and therefore influence therapeutic choices.
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Hastuti, Yuni Puji, Yuli Siti Fatma, and Siska Tridesianti. "Assessment of Bacterial Community Profile in the Rearing Pond Environment and the Intestinal Tract of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in Lampung Province, Indonesia using 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequencing: A Short Research Investigation." Trends in Sciences 20, no. 1 (November 20, 2022): 3418. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2023.3418.
Анотація:
Along with the high demand for shrimp, the production challenges faced by practitioners are increasing in Indonesia, one of which is in Lampung region. Various basic monitoring techniques regarding the environment and farmed shrimp are needed to control production sustainability. This present study aimed to identify the bacterial community profile in the rearing pond water and intestinal tract of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Illumina-based sequencing was chosen to determine the bacterial community using the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Sequence data revealed the differences in bacterial community structure between the rearing water and shrimp intestines. Proteobacteria was the most prevalent phylum in the rearing water (W.B), accounting for 45.29 %, followed by Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria. In the shrimp intestinal tract (S.B), Cyanobacteria (35.15 %) dominated the microbiota, followed by Proteobacteria, Saccharibacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, TM6 (Dependentiae), and Firmicutes. Cyanobacteria were higher in the shrimp intestines (35.15 %) than in the rearing water (26.63 %). In addition, Escherichia-Shigella was the most common genera in the rearing water and shrimp intestines with different relative abundance. Cyanobacteria and Escherichia-Shigella highly detected in the rearing water and shrimp’s intestines might indicate that pond water had been polluted. Further investigation is necessary on the correlation of Cyanobacteria in the shrimp intestines with water pollution, proven by the dominance of Cyanobacteria and Escherichia-Shigella. These findings provide basic information to enhance our understanding of the microbial community and their roles in the shrimp culture environment to improve the quantity and quality of the yield and support its sustainability. HIGHLIGHTS Bacterial community profile in the rearing water and the intestinal tract of Pacific whiteleg shrimp play important roles in shrimp production Bacterial community structure differed between the rearing water and shrimp intestines Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum in the rearing water (W.B), while Cyanobacteria dominated the microbiota in the intestinal tract of Pacific whiteleg shrimp Cyanobacteria and Escherichia-Shigella highly detected in the rearing water and shrimp’s intestines might indicate that pond water had been polluted GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT