Дисертації з теми "Erosion Surface"
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Duncan, S. "Ion erosion in surface analysis." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1985. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/28023.
Повний текст джерелаWheeler, David William. "Solid particle erosion of CVD diamond coatings." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342748.
Повний текст джерелаMenaa, Merouane. "Performance of surface structures subjected to subsurface soil erosion." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2008. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/148/1/MENAA_Merouane.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBao, Ruotian. "Effect of Microbial Induced Carbonate Precipitation on Surface Erosion." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1498471342771954.
Повний текст джерелаMacgregor, Duncan S. "Surface seepage and sub-surface destructive processes as controls on the distribution of giant oilfields." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363645.
Повний текст джерелаVillanueva, Evelyn. "Risk assessment of rock surface spillway erosion using parametric studies." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-07022007-155027.
Повний текст джерелаZalewsky, Brian J. "Use of the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) Model to Predict Road Surface Erosion in Mountain Rangeland Areas." DigitalCommons@USU, 1998. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/3655.
Повний текст джерелаBeyer, Portner Niki. "Erosion des bassins versant [sic] alpins suisses par ruissellement de surface /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1998. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=1815.
Повний текст джерелаDownward, Kenneth. "Relationships between surface crusts and erosion in the Tabernas Badlands, Almeria, S.E. Spain." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325975.
Повний текст джерелаKaragianna, Anthoula. "Changes in the surface chemistry of enamel exposed to acid : a surface study of caries and erosion." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3237/.
Повний текст джерелаAndermann, Christoff. "Climate, topography and erosion in the Nepal Himalayas." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-86385.
Повний текст джерелаCette thèse porte sur le rôle des précipitations sur l’érosion et la formation des reliefs dans l’Himalaya Népalais. J’étudie chaque étape du processus d’érosion : 1) Evaluation des bases de données de précipitations, 2) Transfert des précipitations au débit fluvial, 3) Mobilisation et transport du matériel dans le bassin versant, et enfin 4) Mécanismes d’érosion sur de longues échelles de temps. Je montre que la base de données de précipitations obtenue par interpolation de données pluviométriques est la plus performante pour la région de l\'Himalaya. Je démontre l’importance d’une composante majeure, jusqu’alors ignorée, du cycle de débit de l’Himalaya que j’identifie comme étant les aquifères de sous-sol fracturé, et j’évalue la contribution de la fonte des neiges et glaces aux rivières Himalayennes. Les taux d’érosion calculés à partir des flux de sédiments en suspension et des analyses de nucléides cosmogéniques varient de 0.1 à 4 mm/a. Les rivières au Népal sont limitées par l’apport sédimentaire alors que les versants, en tant que source de sédiments, sont limités par le transport. Enfin, je montre que l’érosion sur des milliers d’années ne dépend des précipitations mais du relief
Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Rolle des Niederschlag bei Erosions- und Oberflächenprozessen im nepalesischen Himalaja. Ich untersuche die Abfolge der Erosionspsozesse im Himalaja: 1) Ausgehend von der Bewertung von Niederschlagsdatensätzen, 2) die Prozesse der Abflussbildung in Flüssen, 3) die Mobilisierung und Transport von Material, 4) und Erosionsraten über längere Zeiträume. Ich zeige, dass interpolierte Niederschlagsdaten die beste Qualität im Himalaya haben. Ich zeige auf, wie wichtig der bislang unberücksichtigt Grundwasserzwischenspeicher für die Abflussbildung im Himalaya ist und schätze den Anteil der Schnee-und Eisschmelze an dem Gesamtabfluss der Flüssen im Himalaja. Erosionsraten die mittels Schwebestofffracht und der Analyse kosmogener Nukluide berechnet wurden, liegen zwischen 0,1 und 4 mm pro Jahr. Der Sedimenttransport in den Flüssen in Nepal ist limitiert durch die Verfügbarkeit von transportierbarem Material, während der Transport und die Mobilisierung auf den Hängen durch die Verfügbarkeit von Wasser limitiert ist. Zudem sind die Erosionsraten über mehrere Jahrhundert nicht von der Niederschlagsverteilung abhängig sondern vom Relief
Glotzbach, Christoph. "Low-temperature thermochronology from tunnel and surface samples in the Central and Western Alps." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008.
Знайти повний текст джерелаWong, Stephanie Tomita. "Computer-aided modeling of controlled release through surface erosion with and without microencapsulation." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002206.
Повний текст джерелаWoodun, Jayashree Khanta. "Surface crusting of soils from the South Downs in relation to soil erosion." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270498.
Повний текст джерелаFinke, Manuela. "Studying food-related demineralisation of teeth with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and nanoindentation." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/8d6de76b-d940-47ad-b0f6-095f56ddf54e.
Повний текст джерелаКирилів, Ярослав Богданович, Володимир Іванович Кирилів, Богдан Романович Ціж, and Максимів Ольга Володимирівна. "Resistance of surface nanocrystalline and ultrafine-grained structures to wear and cavitation erosion damage." Thesis, LLC «Computer-publishing, information center», Kiev, Ukraine, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/6943.
Повний текст джерелаKilic, Arif Nesimi 1963. "A multi-region transient erosion model for concrete with time-dependent surface heat flux." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290695.
Повний текст джерелаBontrager, Austin. "Estimation of agricultural soil erosion and surface water quality trends in the Cheney Lake watershed." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13182.
Повний текст джерелаDepartment of Agronomy
Nathan Nelson
Phosphorus and sediment runoff are the primary cause of eutrophication in Cheney Lake, the primary water source for Wichita, Kansas. Best Management Practices (BMPs) such as no-till farming practices and nutrient management can be implemented to reduce phosphorus runoff on high-risk agricultural fields. Past efforts have established BMP use in this watershed, although the effectiveness of these efforts has not been evaluated. The goals of this project were to identify any existing water quality trends in the Cheney Lake watershed, estimate the current distribution of erosion in the watershed, and evaluate the placement of BMPs with regards to field-scale erosion risk. Parametric, multi-linear regression and non-parametric, seasonal Mann-Kendall analyses were used to identify trends in the Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Total Phosphorus (TP) of grab samples from the North Fork Ninnescah River. A Geographic Information System (GIS) model based on the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) was used to estimate watershed-scale erosion, prioritize agricultural land for BMP placement, and evaluate existing placement of BMPs within the Cheney Lake watershed. No detectible trends were identified in the water quality data due to stream variability, frequency of sampling, or absence of actual improvement in water quality. Additional sampling must be done to detect any trends in the future. BMPs were implemented on 13% of prioritized field area, and 11% of non-prioritized field area. Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields were placed on 14% of prioritized field area, and 5% of non-prioritized field area. No-till practices were implemented on 13% of prioritized field area, and 18% of non-prioritized field area. The top 20% eroding fields were identified given current conditions, and account for approximately 56% of the watershed-wide erosion. The GIS method has demonstrated utility in evaluating past erosion control measures for the watershed and in informing future decisions concerning BMP placement.
Alistoun, Judith Robyn. "The origin of endorheic pans on the African erosion surface North of Grahamstown, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011048.
Повний текст джерелаEnriquez, Adriana Gomez. "Erodibilidade e tensão crítica de cisalhamento no canal de uma estrada não pavimentada situada em um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2012. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3628.
Повний текст джерелаThe erosion in unpaved roads associated with the runoff has negative implication in social, economic and environmental development of a region. Therefore the incorporation of techniques for prevention and control of erosion on these roads is important. The techniques developed for this purpose require knowledge of the indices of soil resistance to erosion, principally the soil erodibility and critical shear stress. In this context, the aim of this study was to determine the erodibility and critical shear stress in the channel of an unpaved road implanted in an Oxisol horizons B and C. Study was conducted on an unpaved road in Viçosa-MG, Brazil, where the indices were obtained using a runoff simulator installed on the channel road, which allows to estimate soil loss associated with different shear stress. The results obtained in each test was adjusted using simple linear regression models and, the models identity test proceeded to obtain a representative value of the indices for the study site, and to obtain the confidence interval associated with the erodibility, considering 95% of probability. The erodibility value determined for the horizon B was 0.0044 g cm-2 min-1 Pa-1, and its associated confidence interval with 95% probability was 0.0035 to 0.0053 g cm-2 min-1 Pa-1. The critical shear stress determined for this horizon was 7.61 Pa. The horizon C erodibility value determined was 0.0347 g cm-2 min-1 Pa-1, and its xv associated confidence interval with 95% probability was 0.0288 to 0.0406 g cm-2 min-1 Pa-1. The critical shear stress value for this horizon was 8.16 Pa.
A erosão em estradas não pavimentadas associada ao escoamento superficial interfere negativamente no desenvolvimento social, econômico e ambiental de uma região. Por isso é importante a incorporação de técnicas que visem a prevenção e o controle da erosão nestas estradas. As diferentes técnicas desenvolvidas para este fim requerem o conhecimento dos índices de resistência do solo ao processo erosivo, sendo a erodibilidade e a tensão crítica de cisalhamento os índices de maior importância. Neste sentido, objetivou-se com a realização deste trabalho, determinar a erodibilidade e a tensão crítica de cisalhamento no canal de uma estrada não pavimentada implantada nos horizontes B e C de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo. O estudo foi realizado em uma estrada não pavimentada do município de Viçosa- MG, onde os índices foram obtidos utilizando um método de determinação direta com o uso de um simulador de escoamento instalado no canal da estrada, que permitiu estimar as perdas de solo associadas a diferentes tensões cisalhantes. Aos resultados obtidos em cada teste foi ajustado um modelo de regressão linear simples e, posteriormente, se aplicou a técnica de teste de identidade de modelos, a fim de obter um valor representativo destes índices para o local de estudo, além de obter o intervalo de confiança associado à erodibilidade com um nível de confiança de 95%. O valor de erodibilidade determinado para o horizonte B, foi de 0,0044 g cm-2 min-1 Pa-1, sendo a ele associado um intervalo de confiança com 95% de probabilidade de 0,0035 a 0,0053 g cm-2 min-1 Pa-1. A tensão crítica de cisalhamento determinada para este horizonte foi de 7,61 Pa. Para o horizonte C o valor de erodibilidade determinado foi de 0,0347 g cm-2 min-1 Pa-1, sendo a ele associado um intervalo de confiança com 95% de probabilidade de 0,0288 a 0,0406 g cm-2 min-1 Pa-1. A tensão crítica de cisalhamento determinada para este horizonte foi de 8,16 Pa.
Devauchelle, Olivier. "Ecoulements de surface et érosion." Paris 6, 2007. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01499527.
Повний текст джерелаAndermann, Christoff. "Climate, topography and erosion in the Nepal Himalayas." Doctoral thesis, Rennes 1, 2011. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A22808.
Повний текст джерелаCette thèse porte sur le rôle des précipitations sur l’érosion et la formation des reliefs dans l’Himalaya Népalais. J’étudie chaque étape du processus d’érosion : 1) Evaluation des bases de données de précipitations, 2) Transfert des précipitations au débit fluvial, 3) Mobilisation et transport du matériel dans le bassin versant, et enfin 4) Mécanismes d’érosion sur de longues échelles de temps. Je montre que la base de données de précipitations obtenue par interpolation de données pluviométriques est la plus performante pour la région de l\'Himalaya. Je démontre l’importance d’une composante majeure, jusqu’alors ignorée, du cycle de débit de l’Himalaya que j’identifie comme étant les aquifères de sous-sol fracturé, et j’évalue la contribution de la fonte des neiges et glaces aux rivières Himalayennes. Les taux d’érosion calculés à partir des flux de sédiments en suspension et des analyses de nucléides cosmogéniques varient de 0.1 à 4 mm/a. Les rivières au Népal sont limitées par l’apport sédimentaire alors que les versants, en tant que source de sédiments, sont limités par le transport. Enfin, je montre que l’érosion sur des milliers d’années ne dépend des précipitations mais du relief.
Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Rolle des Niederschlag bei Erosions- und Oberflächenprozessen im nepalesischen Himalaja. Ich untersuche die Abfolge der Erosionspsozesse im Himalaja: 1) Ausgehend von der Bewertung von Niederschlagsdatensätzen, 2) die Prozesse der Abflussbildung in Flüssen, 3) die Mobilisierung und Transport von Material, 4) und Erosionsraten über längere Zeiträume. Ich zeige, dass interpolierte Niederschlagsdaten die beste Qualität im Himalaya haben. Ich zeige auf, wie wichtig der bislang unberücksichtigt Grundwasserzwischenspeicher für die Abflussbildung im Himalaya ist und schätze den Anteil der Schnee-und Eisschmelze an dem Gesamtabfluss der Flüssen im Himalaja. Erosionsraten die mittels Schwebestofffracht und der Analyse kosmogener Nukluide berechnet wurden, liegen zwischen 0,1 und 4 mm pro Jahr. Der Sedimenttransport in den Flüssen in Nepal ist limitiert durch die Verfügbarkeit von transportierbarem Material, während der Transport und die Mobilisierung auf den Hängen durch die Verfügbarkeit von Wasser limitiert ist. Zudem sind die Erosionsraten über mehrere Jahrhundert nicht von der Niederschlagsverteilung abhängig sondern vom Relief.
King, David. "Sonochemical analysis of the output of ultrasonic dental descalers." Thesis, University of Bath, 2010. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.538276.
Повний текст джерелаAndermann, Cristoff. "Climate, topography and erosion in the Nepal Himalayas." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00674919.
Повний текст джерелаJess, Scott. "Resolving the timing of major erosion events along the West Greenland-Baffin-Bylot continental margins." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=239479.
Повний текст джерелаAlbright, Amy N. "An Analysis of Slope Erosion and Surface Changes on Off-Road Vehicle Trails in Southeastern Ohio." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1276715617.
Повний текст джерелаCasas-Apayco, Leslie, Vanessa Manzini Dreibi, Ana Carolina Hipólito, Márcia Sirlene Zardin Graeff, Daniela Rios, Ana Carolina Magalhaes, Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf, and Linda Wang. "Erosive cola-based drinks affect the bonding to enamel surface: an in vitro study." Faculdade De Odontologia De Bauru - USP, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/324186.
Повний текст джерелаThis study was supported in part by grants given by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), Process no. 2009/14986-0, and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Process no. 480038/2007-4. In Addition, this study was performed by V.D.M. and A.C.H. as fulfillment of their graduation research, which was supported by FAPESP (Processes no. 2009/01376-9 and 2009/01377-5, respectively). The authors are also grateful to Oral B and SDI, which donated the materials used in the study.
Revisión por pares
Mounirou, Lawani A. "Etude du ruissellement et de l’érosion à différentes échelles spatiales sur le bassin versant de Tougou en zone sahélienne du Burkina Faso : quantification et transposition des données." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20039/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe spatio-temporal variability of runoff and erosion is not new fact. Their characteristics are generally estimated with a reasonable margin on plots of a few tens of square meters. With the increase of the surface, the heterogeneity of environment increases which induces a scale effect. The passage of the plot to the catchment is not totally controlled because of the complexity and variability of factors come into play. The objective of this thesis is to understand the processes of runoff and erosion in different environments and at different spatial scales, to identify the sources of variation, and to develop a methodology for implementation of the results of field scale to the basin outlet. To this end, a network of eighteen plots of different sizes, two hydrological units were used to quantify runoff and soil loss on the main surface features Watershed Tougou.The results obtained on micro-plots of 1 m², plots of 50 and 150 m², hydrologic units of 6 and 34 ha and the catchment area of 37 km², show that, both in cultivated soils and on bare soils, the runoff excess decreases as the area increases, for the same rain and prior comparable humidity conditions of the soil. This phenomenon of the scale effect of the area on runoff is known to hydrologists who still face the challenge of extrapolating results obtained on small areas to larger areas. Our results show that the scale effect observed on the runoff is mainly due to the spatial heterogeneity of soils (hydraulic properties, microrelief) and its variability (state of the variables) and that temporal dynamics of the intensity of rain just amplifies it. The results obtained in tests of transposition can maintain with reason that a better extrapolation of data from the field scale across the pond comes from the consideration of the issues of hydrologic connectivity.Ultimately, this study highlights the value of measurements of runoff on homogeneous units in terms of land use that may represent a heterogeneous mosaic of homogeneous areas. The location on the watershed and the rate of connectivity of the hydrologic units within which the dominant processes of runoff occur can allow approach the solution of the problem of scale transfer
Matzke, Jeffrey Alan. "Geophysical investigation of the stone zone and loamy mantle on the Iowan surface." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5022.
Повний текст джерелаXu, Hanchang. "An assessment of corrosion and erosion-corrosion behaviour of austenitic cast iron and surface coatings for pump applications." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1159.
Повний текст джерелаDryden, Garri A. "Optimum gravel size for use as a soil surface cover for the prevention of soil erosion by water." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280469.
Повний текст джерелаHenderson, Marc Bryson. "Changes in Streambank Erodibility and Critical Shear Stress Due to Surface Subaerial Processes." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33114.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Beggy, Holly M., and Jeffrey S. Fehmi. "Effect of surface roughness and mulch on semi-arid revegetation success, soil chemistry and soil movement." ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/616986.
Повний текст джерелаNUNES, Francisco Miquéias Sousa. "Avaliação hidrossedimentologica de uma Bacia sem dados de vazão utilizando o modelo SWAT." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2018. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/382.
Повний текст джерелаMade available in DSpace on 2018-04-13T17:34:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FRANCISCO MIQUÉIAS SOUSA NUNES – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGECA) 2018.pdf: 6096167 bytes, checksum: 209e0b24de3463f67f79ee188f4a1bc5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02
Capes
O crescimento populacional desordenado juntamente com a intensificação das atividades humanas estão acelerando as modificações dos ecossistemas naturais acarretando vários problemas ambientais, em particular , aos recursos hídricos. A necessidade da humanidade por esse recurso vem crescendo de forma rápida e incompatível com a capacidade de recuperação da natureza, causando a escassez e prejuízo na sua qualidade. Além disso, as diversas finalidades para as quais esses recursos são utilizados têm gerado um grande número de conflitos do uso e também degradação qualitativa e quantitativa dos corpos hídricos.No semiárido brasileiro, a situação de escassez hídrica compromete o desenvolvimento econômico e social da região. Assim, torna-se necessário desenvolver ferramentas adequadas para apoiar a tomada de decisão quanto ao uso dos recursos hídricos. Alterações no uso e na ocupação do solo afetam o comportamento do escoamento superficial, e a análise das tendências na vazão dos cursos d’água é importante para o planejamento do uso dos recursos hídricos e do solo. As variações no regime pluviométrico devido às mudanças climáticas também afetam a disponibilidade hídrica nas bacias hidrográficas.Este trabalho tem por objetivomodelar os processos de geração de escoamento superficial, erosão do solo e a recarga potencial subterrânea na bacia do Rio Sucuru a jusante da barragem de Sumé-PB utilizando o modelo SWAT. Foram utilizados dados de precipitação, temperatura, do período de 1994 a 2015, além de mapas de tipos de solo, uso e ocupação do solo com as mudanças observadas no período.Os parâmetros CANMAX, GWQMN, GW_REVAP, ESCO, EPCO e CN foram identificados como os mais influentes sobre o processo de geração de escoamento superficial. O valor do parâmetro GWQMN foi fixado em 2000 mm, pois nenhuma sondagem realizada na bacia indica uma profundidade do solo maior que 2,0 m. Os parâmetros CANMX, ESCO, EPCO e CN se mostraram muito influentes, pois qualquer pequena alteração para mais ou para menos, provocava uma superestimação e/ou subestimação da lâmina escoada, necessitando assim de muitas tentativas antes de obter seus valores finais. Os resultados demosntram a eficiência do modelo SWAT em quantificar e avaliar comparativamente os processos hidrossedimentologicos na região do cariri paraibano. A contribuição deste trabalho se dá pela formulação de uma metodologia para a realização de estudos hidrossedimentologicos em regiões onde não existem dados de escoamento superficial ou de produção de sedimento pela erosão.
Disorganized population growth coupled with the intensification of human activities is accelerating changes in natural ecosystems, leading to a number of environmental problems, in particular water resources. The need of mankind for this resource has been growing rapidly and incompatible with nature's capacity for recovery, causing scarcity and damage in its quality. In addition, the various purposes for which these resources are used have generated a large number of use conflicts and also qualitative and quantitative degradation of water bodies. In the Brazilian semi-arid, the situation of water scarcity compromises the economic and social development of the region. Thus, it is necessary to develop adequate tools to support the decision making regarding the use of water resources. Changes in soil use and occupation affect the behavior of surface runoff, and the analysis of trends in water flow is important for planning the use of water resources and soil. Variations in pluviometric regime due to climate change also affect water availability in river basins. This work aims to model the processes of generation of runoff, soil erosion and potential underground recharge in the Sucuru River basin downstream of the Sumé-PB dam using the SWAT model. Precipitation and temperature data were used from 1994 to 2015, as well as maps of soil types, land use and occupation with changes observed in the period. The parameters CANMAX, GWQMN, GW_REVAP, ESCO, EPCO and CN were identified as the most influential on the process of generation of surface runoff. The value of the GWQMN parameter was set at 2000 mm, since no survey conducted in the basin indicates a soil depth greater than 2.0 m. The parameters CANMX, ESCO, EPCO and CN were very influential, because any small changes for more or less, caused an overestimation and / or underestimation of the drained sheet, thus requiring many attempts before obtaining their final values. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the SWAT model in quantifying and comparing the hydrosedimentological processes in the Paraíba region. The contribution of this work is given by the formulation of a methodology for the realization of hydrosedimentological studies in regions where there is no data of surface runoff or sediment production.
Nguyen, Hong Quang, Thi Thu Hang Le, Thi Thanh Nga Pham, and Martin Kappas. "Modelling surface runoff and soil erosion for Yen Bai Province, Vietnam, using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-227939.
Повний текст джерелаNhững ứng dụng của mô hình công cụ đánh giá đất và nước (SWAT) đã được sử dụng phổ biến. Tuy nhiên có rất ít nghiên cứu tập trung vào khu vực nhiệt đới như tỉnh Yên Bái của Việt Nam. Trong nghiên cứu này, giá trị trung bình năm (2001-2012) nước chảy bề mặt (NCM) và xói mòn đất do nước (XM) đã được đánh giá trên cơ sở mô hình SWAT. Các thông số thủy văn của hai lưu vực sông là Nậm Kim và Ngòi Hút được tính toán và kiểm nghiệm với sự trùng hợp tương đối tốt giữa kết quả mô hình và số liệu thực đo. Mối liên hệ giữa lượng mưa, phủ bề mặt, NCM và XM cũng được phân tích và trình bầy chi tiết. Mặc dù giá trị XM năm được ước lượng ở mức trung bình cho toàn Tỉnh (4,1 tấn/ha/năm) nhưng ở một số khu vực nơi có độ dốc lớn và phủ mặt ít lại có lượng XM năm ở mức cao, 26 tấn/ha/năm và 15% tổng diện tích của Tỉnh có giá trị XM là 8,5 tấn/ha/năn. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy sự liên hệ mật thiết giữa sự thay đổi phủ mặt tới giá trị XM. Trên cơ sở kết quả kiểm nghiệm mô hình khả quan, chúng tôi đề xuất sử dụng mô hình SWAT để đánh giá XM trong thời gian dài cho vùng nhiệt đới
Karambiri, Harouna. "Crues et érosion hydrique au Sahel : étude et modélisation des flux d'eau et de matières sur un petit bassin versant pastoral au nord du Burkina Faso." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066169.
Повний текст джерелаKhadka, Suraj. "A Numerical Study of the Coupled Geomechanical Processes in Sinkholes." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1532970968316002.
Повний текст джерелаDutton, Anona L. "Process-based simulations of near-surface hydrologic response for a forested upland catchment: the impact of a road /." May be available electronically:, 2000. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
Повний текст джерелаPerkovic, Martin. "Mapping and characterisation of surface damage and wear mechanisms in gun barrels : Gun barrels exposed to cyclic thermo-mechanical loading." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-79026.
Повний текст джерелаTraynor, Janice Mae. "The use of fluorescent dye and site characteristics to evaluate surface erosion on harvested areas in the Vernon Forest District, B.C." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26094.
Повний текст джерелаForestry, Faculty of
Graduate
Russo, Joseph Paul. "INVESTIGATION OF SURFACE FINE GRAINED LAMINAE, STREAMBED, AND STREAMBANK PROCESSES USING A WATERSHED SCALE HYDROLOGIC AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MODEL." UKnowledge, 2009. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/750.
Повний текст джерелаCastro, Francisco Leite de. "Erodibility of a dike in case of overflowing." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/13984.
Повний текст джерелаEarthen dikes (or earthen levees) are built all over the world, both in coastal (coastal dikes) and inland areas (riverine dikes), to protect population, infrastructures and resources from high water levels due to storm surges and seasonal floods. Most of these flood defence embankments are not prepared to resist to surface soil erosion of its crest and landside slope induced by overflowing events, and hence, maybe at risk of failure. Mitigation of dike damage by overflow may be accomplished by providing erosion protection on the surface of the crest and dike landside slope. Erosion protection can be conferred by a variety of materials (rip-rap, concrete, geosynthetics, etc.) ranging from hard armouring to light armouring alternatives. The present dissertation focuses on strengthening systems consisting of lightweight, flexible, synthetic mats such as (high performance) turf reinforcement mats and geogrids. The goal of this dissertation was to assess their effectiveness as a slope erosion protection system and to obtain some performance criteria under overflow conditions created through full-scale laboratory testing on a hydraulic model. Waterflow discharge, flow thickness and mean (horizontal) velocity measurements were acquired at one location on the landside slope channel (1V:4H) (near the downward edge of the slope). These measurements allowed to estimate shear stress ranges at the bed channel and Manning’s roughness coefficients. Some tentative empirical equations were presented correlating shear stress and flow thickness estimations with overflowing discharges. The results are strictly limited to the tested coarse-grained soil and rolled erosion control products as well as the range of tested hydraulic parameters possible to be attained on the hydraulic model. The experimental study mainly allowed to obtain some qualitative conclusions, in which it was proven that a reinforced surface soil layer with synthetic mats of a dike slope can withstand higher overflowing discharges than bare soil, without catastrophic sediment motion.
Os diques de terra são construídos um pouco por todo o mundo, quer em zonas costeiras (diques costeiros) quer em zonas fluviais (diques fluviais), com o intuito de proteger a população, as infraestruturas e outros recursos de elevados níveis de água provocados por tempestades e cheias sazonais. A grande maioria destes aterros de proteção de cheias não estão preparados para resistir à erosão superficial provocada na sua crista e talude de jusante pelo galgamento da água e respetivo escoamento sobre os mesmos, e como tal, podem estar em risco de rotura. A mitigação dos danos induzidos num dique pelo galgamento pode ser conseguida por via da proteção da camada superficial de solo sobre a crista e talude de jusante. Existe uma enorme variedade de materiais para proteção contra a erosão (enrocamento, betão, geossintéticos, etc.) que podem variar desde soluções mais pesadas e rígidas a soluções mais leves e flexíveis. A presente dissertação foca-se em sistemas de reforço leves, flexíveis e compostos por redes/tapetes poliméricos tais como as mantas/tapetes de reforço (Turf Reinforcement Mats) e geogrelhas (geogrids). O objetivo principal da dissertação consistiu em avaliar a aplicabilidade destes materiais como sistemas de controlo de erosão, e obter dados relativos ao seu desempenho perante uma situação de galgamento/escoamento criada num modelo hidráulico à escala real. Os valores do caudal escoado, as alturas de água e velocidades médias do escoamento foram medidos numa determinada secção do canal (com inclinação 1V:4H) do modelo hidráulico (secção próxima da zona de transição entre o canal inclinado e o canal horizontal). Estas medições permitiram estimar gamas de valores da tensão de corte aplicada na superfície do canal e do coeficiente de rugosidade de Manning. Algumas equações empíricas (de caráter provisório) foram apresentadas, relacionando a tensão de corte e alturas de água com o caudal escoado. Os resultados obtidos são exclusivamente válidos para o material granular e os produtos em rolo para controlo de erosão (Rolled Erosion Control Products) testados, bem como para a gama de parâmetros hidráulicos proporcionados pelo modelo hidráulico. O estudo experimental permitiu obter principalmente conclusões qualitativas, nas quais ficou comprovado que o reforço de uma camada superficial de solo com Rolled Erosion Control Products permite resistir a caudais superiores, em comparação com uma camada de solo simples, sem que se verifique transporte pronunciado de partículas de solo.
Kokelj, Steve. "The effect of detachment sliding on surface wash erosion in the continuous permafrost zone, Hot Weather Creek, Fosheim Peninsula, Ellesmere Island, N.W.T." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0003/MQ36709.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSafwat, Amr M. "Stochastic Multimedia Modelling of Watershed-Scale Microbial Transport in Surface Water." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1406880416.
Повний текст джерелаMoretto, Renata Lima. "Análise dos efeitos da vegetação na proteção de taludes rodoviários e proposição de alternativas de revegetação na BR-386." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/60725.
Повний текст джерелаThis work discusses the use of stabilization techniques for road cuttings and embankments using drainage and vegetation. The concepts of increase soil strength due to vegetation, decrease of the pore pressure and reduction in erosion of the ground surface are reviewed. The work also discusses the importance of soil-vegetation interactions, their influence on slopes, the importance of organic matter in soils and plant succession with native vegetation. These concepts were used in the analysis of a length of the BR386 highway, between the entrance to the access route to Progress up to Canoas, currently in the process of duplication. From the field inspection the main problems of instability and erosion of the works were identified. Six soil samples were collected from four slopes for soil characterization and better description of the superficial instabilities and erosion control in the cuts and embankments analyzed. The materials involved two samples with characteristic of high plasticity clay, low plasticity clay, non plastic silty sand and sand clay not plastic. The problems encountered in the field were analyzed, considering the type of soils involved and proposals of solutions have been made adapted for each case, mainly focusing on drainage and the search for effective environmental solutions which preserve the landscape character.
Pankau, Ryan C. "CONCENTRATED FLOW PATHS IN RIPARIAN BUFFER ZONES OF SOUTHERN ILLINOIS." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/212.
Повний текст джерелаSantos, Julio Cesar Neves dos. "MensuraÃÃo da erosÃo do solo no semiÃrido em diferentes usos de terras e escalas espaciais." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7299.
Повний текст джерелаA obtenÃÃo de dados de erosÃo do solo em diferentes escalas espaciais à de fundamental importÃncia, principalmente no semiÃrido do Nordeste brasileiro onde esses dados sÃo escassos. O semiÃrido brasileiro à vulnerÃvel à erosÃo hÃdrica, principalmente devido Ãs suas caracterÃsticas climÃticas, edÃficas e Ãs prÃticas de exploraÃÃes insustentÃveis, resultando no empobrecimento dos solos agrÃcolas e comprometendo a qualidade das Ãguas dos reservatÃrios superficiais (principais reservas hÃdricas da regiÃo). Nesse sentido, o presente estudo objetivou gerar dados bÃsicos de escoamento, produÃÃo de sedimento e analisar os principais processos e fontes de variaÃÃo na perda de solo em diferentes escalas espaciais em regiÃo semiÃrida, bem como os processos naturais atuantes em cada escala, e os efeitos do uso do solo na conservaÃÃo do meio. A Ãrea de estudo està localizada no semiÃrido cearense, na bacia hidrogrÃfica do Alto Jaguaribe no municÃpio de Iguatu, no Centro Sul do Estado do CearÃ. Os estudos de erosÃo e escoamento superficial foram conduzidos em trÃs nÃveis de escala: microbacias com Ãreas em torno de 1 a 3 ha, parcelas de erosÃo de 20 m2 e parcelas de 1 m2, todas sob condiÃÃes de chuvas naturais. Ao todo, foram instaladas quatro microbacias experimentais, seis parcelas de erosÃo de 20 m2 e seis parcelas de 1 m2, sob diferentes usos do solo; Caatinga nativa; Caatinga raleada; desmatamento seguido de enleiramento e cultivo de milho; e desmatamento, queima com cultivo de pastagem. O estudo ocorreu durante os anos de 2009, 2010 e 2011, com chuvas concentradas de janeiro a junho, correspondendo à estaÃÃo chuvosa da regiÃo. As coletas para quantificaÃÃo do volume escoado superficialmente e de amostras para determinaÃÃo da perda de sedimentos foram realizadas a cada evento de chuva erosiva, no acumulado de 24 horas. Ocorreram maiores coeficientes de escoamento e perdas de solo na escala de 20 m que nas escalas de 1 m e de microbacia: em relaÃÃo à escala de 1 mÂ, a parcela de 20 m provoca um aumento da velocidade de escoamento ao longo da vertente, aumentando tambÃm a capacidade de transporte; na escala de microbacia, a presenÃa de Ãreas com baixas declividades atuaram como zonas receptoras de sedimentos. Na Ãrea com cobertura de Caatinga Nativa, a presenÃa de pontos de alta erodibilidade e com solo nu, na escala de microbacia, à responsÃvel pela maior parte das perdas de solo, fato que nÃo pode ser representado na pequena escala de parcela. Jà a Ãrea que recebeu o tratamento de raleamento, apresentou na escala de microbacia menor coeficiente de escoamento superficial e menores perdas de solo em relaÃÃo à Ãrea Caatinga Nativa. O manejo de desmatamento e enleiramento dos restos vegetais e cultivo de milho, proporcionou incremento no coeficiente de escoamento superficial e nas perdas de solo em relaÃÃo ao perÃodo anterior, com cobertura de Caatinga nativa. O tratamento de desmatamento, queimada e cultivo de pastagem (Andropogon gayanus Kunt), resultou nas maiores perdas de solo e Ãgua em relaÃÃo aos demais manejos estudados.
Obtaining data of soil erosion on different spatial scales is of fundamental importance, especially in the semi-arid regions of northeastern Brazil where such data are scarce. The semi-arid region is vulnerable to water erosion, mainly due to its climatic and edaphic characteristics, and the unsustainable land use practices, which result in the impoverishment of agricultural soils, and compromise the water quality of the surface reservoirs (the main water resources of the region). The main goal of this study was generate basic data flow, sediment yield and analyze the main process and sources of variation in soil loss at different scales in semi-arid region. It analyzed the natural process that is operating in each one scale and the land use effects in the conservation of the environment. The study area is located in the semi-arid region of the state of CearÃ, in the watershed of the Upper Jaguaribe in the Iguatu County, in the south central area of the state. Studies of erosion and surface runoff were conducted on three scale levels: watersheds with areas of around 1 to 3 ha, erosion plots of 20 m2, and plots of 1 m2, all under natural-rainfall conditions. In all, four experimental watersheds were installed together with six erosion plots of 20 m2 and six plots of 1m2 with different types of land use; native Caatinga; thinned Caatinga; deforestation followed by bunching and the cultivation of corn, and deforestation, burning and the cultivation of pasture. The study was carried out from 2009 to 2011, with rainfall concentrated in the months of January to June, corresponding to the rainy season in the region. Samples to quantify the volume of surface runoff, and samples to determine sediment loss, were taken for each erosive-rain event in an accumulated period of 24 hours. There were higher runoff coefficients and soil losses on the 20 m2 scale than on the 1 m2 and watershed scales: on the scale of 1 mÂ, the plot of 20 m causes an increase in flow velocity down slopes, also increasing transport capacity; on the scale of the watershed, places with low slopes acted as receiving areas for sediment. In the area with native Caatinga vegetation, the presence of points of high erodibility and of bare soil, on the watershed scale, is responsible for most of the soil loss, a fact that is not present on the small scale of the plots. The area which was thinned out, however, presented a lower runoff coefficient and less soil-loss on the watershed scale, in relation to the area of native Caatinga. After deforestation, bunching of the plant remains, and planting of corn, an increase in the runoff coefficient and soil loss can be seen in relation to the previous period with a coverage of native Caatinga. The treatment of deforestation, burning and the cultivation of pasture (Andropogon gayanus Kunt) resulted in the greatest soil and water losses in relation to the other management strategies studied.
Lira, Daniely Lidiany Costa. "Assoreamento em densas redes de reservatÃrios: o caso da bacia hidrogrÃfica da barragem Pereira de Miranda, Ce." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8835.
Повний текст джерелаO presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar os impactos da densa rede de reservatÃrios da bacia hidrogrÃfica do aÃude Pereira de Miranda (Pentecoste) na produÃÃo de sedimentos e capacidade de armazenamento hÃdrica do sistema. A bacia estudada localiza-se no Nordeste Brasileiro, no Estado do CearÃ, com uma Ãrea de aproximadamente 3.230 km2. Possui uma precipitaÃÃo mÃdia anual de 854 mm e evaporaÃÃo potencial mÃdia observada em tanque do tipo classe A à de 1.464 mm. O solo e a vegetaÃÃo predominante sÃo do tipo luvissolo e caatinga arbustiva aberta. Imagens de satÃlite de anos Ãmidos foram utilizadas para levantamento da aÃudagem na bacia. Foram identificadas unidades de erosÃo derivadas da sobreposiÃÃo de mapas dos parÃmetros da EquaÃÃo Universal de Perdas do Solo (EUPS), o que permitiu a estimativa da erosÃo localizada na bacia e identificaÃÃo de Ãreas potencialmente produtoras de sedimento. Um modelo simplificado foi utilizado para simular a propagaÃÃo de sedimentos pela densa rede de reservatÃrios da bacia. Para estimativa do assoreamento no reservatÃrio Pereira de Miranda, diferentes cenÃrios de estrutura do sistema foram considerados. Foi estimada uma taxa de erosÃo mÃdia na bacia de 59 t.ha-1.ano-1, sendo que 42% da Ãrea da bacia apresenta grau de erosÃo moderado. De acordo com o modelo, o assoreamento do reservatÃrio Pentecoste pode variar de 1,1 a 2,6% por dÃcada, dependendo do cenÃrio considerado. Observa-se ainda que os reservatÃrios de montante podem reter atà 58% do sedimento que chegaria ao aÃude Pereira de Miranda. Os reservatÃrios muito pequenos, com capacidade de atà 100.000 mÂ, embora representem apenas 1,83% da disponibilidade hÃdrica do sistema, sÃo capazes de reter quase 8% do total de sedimento produzido. AnÃlises de sensibilidade mostram que a capacidade de retenÃÃo de sedimentos nos reservatÃrios de montante pode variar de 20 a 58%, dependendo da estrutura do sistema quanto à existÃncia de reservatÃrios de diferentes classes de tamanho. Constata-se ainda que a taxa de reduÃÃo da capacidade de armazenamento hÃdrica do sistema em funÃÃo do assoreamento dos reservatÃrios de montante à relativamente maior do que a observada para o aÃude Pereira de Miranda, devido à retenÃÃo de sedimentos a montante.
The present study aims at analyzing the impacts of the dense reservoir network of the Pereira de Miranda catchment in its sediment yield and water storage capacity of the system. The studied area is located in the Brazilian Semiarid region, in the State of CearÃ, with an area of approximately 3230 km2. It has an average annual rainfall of 854 mm and an annual potential evaporation of 1464 mm. The predominant soil and vegetation type are luvissolo and open shrub caatinga. Satellite imageries from wet years were used to identify the reservoirs of the catchment. Erosion units were identified derived from map overlay of the parameters of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), which enables the estimation of sediment yield and the identification of areas with high sediment production. A simplified model was used to simulate the sediment routing through the dense reservoir network of the basin. For the estimation of sedimentation at the Pereira de Miranda Reservoir, different scenarios of the system structure were considered. A mean erosion rate of 59 t.ha-1.year-1 was estimated for the basin, in which 42% of the basin area presents a moderate degree of erosion. According to the model, silting of the Pereira de Miranda reservoir may vary from 1.1 to 2.6 %.decade-1, depending on the scenario considered. One may observe that upstream reservoirs are able to retain until 58% of the sediments that would reach the Pereira de Miranda reservoir. The very small reservoirs, with storage capacity below 100,000 mÂ, are able to retain almost 8% of the generated sediments, although they represent just 1.83% of the system water storage capacity. Sensitivity analysis shows that the sediment retention capacity of the upstream reservoirs may vary from 20 to 58%, depending on the system structure concerning the presence of upstream reservoirs from different size classes. One may still conclude that the reduction rate of water storage capacity at the system as a function of reservoir siltation is relatively larger then that observed for the Pereira de Miranda reservoir, due to the upstream sediment retention.
Amory, Charles. "Érosion éolienne et rugosité de la surface neigeuse en Terre Adélie : observations et approche numérique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU007/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Antarctic ice sheet surface mass balance (SMB; the result of the balance between accumulation and ablation terms) has a direct influence on variations in the global mean sea level. In the context of climate change, atmospheric models are needed to improve its current and future estimation.Intense surface winds over the coastal slopes of East Antarctica are responsible for aerodynamic entrainment of snow at the surface, which has a significant influence on the BMS. Transport of snow by the wind also produces aeolian erosion features aligned parallel to the prevailing winds at the time of their formation. The spatial distribution of these features is a major determinant of surface roughness. On the other hand, surface roughness is an obstacle to flow and directly affects the surface wind field and, by extension, aeolian snow transport.The work presented here is based on observations and numerical modeling of aeolian snow erosion in a coastal stretch of Adélie Land, East Antarctica. First, the regional atmospheric model MAR, which includes a detailed representation of aeolian transport processes, was run at a spatial resolution of 5 km over a zone including Adélie Land and model results were compared with meteorological observations made over one month in summer, including continuous measurements of the wind and the aeolian snow mass flux. Aeolian snow mass fluxes modeled by MAR were highly sensitive to parameterization of surface roughness, and a single calibration of this parameter was not enough to simulate the surface wind field at two measurement points located only 100 km apart with the same accuracy. Consequently, roughness-erosion interactions were analyzed at the scale of individual aeolian erosion events using observations. The results of this analysis underlined that (i) the barrier effect generated by aeolian erosion features had an inhibiting impact on the aeolian snow mass flux and (ii) that the barrier effect can be strongly reduced by the ability of aeolian erosion features to realign with the dominant wind during a transport event. Examination of observations made over a period of one year revealed that this adjustment process is prone to temporal variations mainly linked to past temperatures. Finally, we showed that reconfiguring the model, including introducing temperature dependence in the parameterization of surface roughness considerably improved the representation of aeolian snow mass fluxes by the MAR model for the year concerned. These results suggest that spatial and temporal distribution of surface roughness should be included in atmospheric models for realistic simulations of aeolian snow transport over Antarctica
Kokelj, Steven V. "The effect of detachment sliding on surface wash erosion in the continuous permafrost zone, Hot Weather Creek, Fosheim Peninsula, Ellesmere Island, Northwest Territories." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4070.
Повний текст джерела