Статті в журналах: "Ergonomic instruments"

1

Herman, B., A. Devreker, F. Richer, A. Hassan Zahraee, and J. Szewczyk. "An articulated handle to improve the ergonomic performance of robotic dextrous instruments for laparoscopic surgery." Mechanical Sciences 5, no. 1 (May 23, 2014): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-5-21-2014.

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Abstract. Hand-held robotic instruments with dextrous end-effectors offer increased accessibility and gesture precision in minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery. They combine advantages of both intuitive but large, complex, and expensive telesurgery systems, and much cheaper but less user-friendly steerable mechanical instruments. However, the ergonomics of such instruments still needs to be improved in order to decrease surgeon discomfort. Based on the results of former experimental studies, a handle connected to the instrument shaft through a lockable ball joint was designed. An experimental assessment of ergonomic and gesture performance was performed on a custom-made virtual reality simulator. Results show that this solution improves ergonomics, demanding less wrist flexion and deviation and elbow elevation, while providing gesture performance similar to a robotic dextrous instrument with standard pistol-like handle configuration.

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Sánchez-Margallo, Juan A., Alfonso González González, Lorenzo García Moruno, J. Carlos Gómez-Blanco, J. Blas Pagador, and Francisco M. Sánchez-Margallo. "Comparative Study of the Use of Different Sizes of an Ergonomic Instrument Handle for Laparoscopic Surgery." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 24, 2020): 1526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041526.

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Previous studies have shown that the handle design of laparoscopic instruments is crucial to surgical performance and surgeon’s ergonomics. In this study, four different sizes of an ergonomic laparoscopic handle design were tested in a blind and randomized fashion with twelve surgeons. They performed three laparoscopic tasks in order to analyze the influence of handle size. Execution time, wrist posture, and finger and palm pressure were evaluated during the performance of each task. The results show a significant reduction in the time required to complete the eye-manual coordination task using the appropriate handle. The incorrectly sized handle resulted in a rise in palm pressure and a reduction in the force exerted by the thumb during the transfer task. In the hand-eye coordination task, the use of the right handle size led to an increase in middle finger pressure. In general, surgeons had an ergonomically adequate wrist flexion in all tasks and an acceptable radio-ulnar deviation during the transfer task using the ergonomic instrument handle. Surgeons found it comfortable the use of the ergonomic handle. Therefore, the use of an appropriately sized instrument handle allows surgeons to improve ergonomics and surgical performance during the laparoscopic practice.

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3

Manchester, Ralph A. "Musical Instrument Ergonomics." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 21, no. 4 (December 1, 2006): 157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2006.4033.

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David Nabb's interview of Maarten Visser on page 159 of this issue and Brenda Wristen's article on the 7/8ths keyboard from the March issue are two recent examples of articles on musical instrument ergonomics. Ergonomics, literally the study of work, is defined as "the applied science of equipment design intended to maximize productivity by reducing operator fatigue and discomfort." When I was an undergraduate student at Tufts University in the 1970s, my engineering roommate studied "human factors engineering" (but never applied it to music, as far as I know). In 2006, a Google search for "ergonomic musical instruments" yields over 1 million websites; a search for "musical instruments" yields 16 million websites.

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4

Dominguez-Alfaro, Denisse, Ismael Mendoza-Muñoz, Carlos Raúl Navarro-González, Mildrend Ivett Montoya-Reyes, Samantha E. Cruz-Sotelo, and Olivia Yessenia Vargas-Bernal. "ErgoVSM: A new tool that integrates ergonomics and productivity." Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 14, no. 3 (July 19, 2021): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem.3507.

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Purpose: Identifying possible ergonomic risks generated by the implementation of Lean Manufacturing in organizations. Shows a need to integrate ergonomics and productivity indicators in process analysis, thus giving place to the ErgoVSM methodology, which is VSM (Value Stream Mapping) complemented with ergonomic analysis.Design/methodology/approach: This literature review aims to refer to the methodology and instruments used for its application, as well as the benefits obtained and the challenges that arise when applying it.Findings: This article presents a review of 26 publications regarding the ErgoVSM methodology. The ErgoVSM is mainly based on the VSM methodology developed by Rother & Shook that is most applied in the healthcare sector with ergonomic analysis instruments that focus on the physical and psychosocial factors of the workers.Originality/value: The review revealed that when using ErgoVSM, processes can be improved from the ergonomic perspective without negatively affecting productivity. Even though ErgoVSM requires more time for application compared to VSM, the value of the ergonomic data for decision making in process changes justifies the extra time.

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Karimian, Faramarz. "Ergonomics for the Surgeon." International Journal of Surgery & Surgical Techniques 6, no. 2 (2022): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ijsst-16000168.

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As a surgeon, few of us know much about ergonomics. However, all of us use ergonomics by instinct. How is that then? When we try to put everything at the “right” place in a surgical field, position the patient in a way that makes working easier for us, and perform fine maneuvers with our instruments in deep cavities with limited space we are using ergonomics; or trying to be ergonomic. Ergonomics is a rapidly growing science and is an essential part in every industrial product; be it the handle of a laparoscopic tool or a sophisticated surgical robot. We should feedback the Industry about what is more ergonomic for us, or what we “expect” from a product. If such a mutual communication develops, then we will be more satisfied by technical innovations in instruments. Ergonomics also applies to technical capabilities of humans; what makes some one better than others at handwork. Generally, this is the matter of inherent talent, which is diverse. However, all of surgeons need to be best at handwork during surgery. This is why we should learn more about ergonomics.

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6

Gnaneswaran, V., S. Herring, Wei Hua Ge, P. Castillejos, and R. R. Bishu. "Ergonomic Evaluation of Writing Instruments." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 51, no. 17 (October 2007): 1058–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120705101713.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate, using ergonomic principles, a number of interesting looking instruments. A three phase evaluation procedure, comprising a paired comparison procedure, subjective evaluation and objective assessment was followed. A total of 8 pens were evaluated using 30 students from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Results showed that such a three phase methodology can be effective in evaluating products. The results also have ramifications for designers and users of pens.

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Dimitrakakis, Emmanouil, Holly Aylmore, Lukas Lindenroth, George Dwyer, Joshua Carmichael, Danyal Z. Khan, Neil L. Dorward, Hani J. Marcus, and Danail Stoyanov. "Robotic Handle Prototypes for Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery: Pre-clinical Randomised Controlled Trial of Performance and Ergonomics." Annals of Biomedical Engineering 50, no. 5 (March 8, 2022): 549–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-022-02942-z.

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AbstractEndoscopic endonasal skull base surgery is a promising alternative to transcranial approaches. However, standard instruments lack articulation, and thus, could benefit from robotic technologies. The aim of this study was to develop an ergonomic handle for a handheld robotic instrument intended to enhance this procedure. Two different prototypes were developed based on ergonomic guidelines within the literature. The first is a forearm-mounted handle that maps the surgeon’s wrist degrees-of-freedom to that of the robotic end-effector; the second is a joystick-and-trigger handle with a rotating body that places the joystick to the position most comfortable for the surgeon. These handles were incorporated into a custom-designed surgical virtual simulator and were assessed for their performance and ergonomics when compared with a standard neurosurgical grasper. The virtual task was performed by nine novices with all three devices as part of a randomised crossover user-study. Their performance and ergonomics were evaluated both subjectively by themselves and objectively by a validated observational checklist. Both handles outperformed the standard instrument with the rotating joystick-body handle offering the most substantial improvement in terms of balance between performance and ergonomics. Thus, it is deemed the more suitable device to drive instrumentation for endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery.

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8

Shaik, Abdul Rahim, B. H. Sripathi Rao, Akhter Husain, and Juliana Linnette D’Sa. "Effectiveness of Ergonomics Awareness Training Programme in Minimizing the Ergonomic Risk Factors in Dental Surgeons." Advanced Engineering Forum 10 (December 2013): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.10.148.

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The professional work usually carried out by the dental surgeons results in developing ergonomic risk factors such as forward bends and rotated positions of the body while handling variety of tools. The successful application of ergonomics assures high productivity, avoidance of illnesses and injuries and increased satisfaction among dental surgeons. The study was carried out to find the effectiveness of ergonomics awareness training programme in minimizing the ergonomic risk factors in dental surgeons. For this purpose, one hundred and thirty dental surgeons among post graduate dental students, faculty members and private practitioners from in and around Mangalore city, Southern Karnataka District, India, with more than one year of experience were selected by using non-probability convenience sampling method. A six week of ergonomics awareness training programme for selected dental surgeons was developed and imparted during the training. In order to determine the effectiveness of ergonomics awareness training programme, a pre-tested structured dental work station observation check list was used. The result indicates that, mean post-test scores of manual material handling (0.23), physical energy demands (0.18), instruments (0.00), environment (0.00) and other musculoskeletal demands (1.35) were lower than the mean pre-test scores i.e., 1.98, 1.95, 0.14, 0.01 and 7.53 respectively. Based on the results of the study we conclude that, ergonomics awareness training programme will be effective in minimizing the ergonomic risk factors in dental surgeons. Key words: Ergonomics awareness; Ergonomic risk factors; Dental surgeons; Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs)

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9

Van Veelen, A., R. H. M. Goossens, J. J. Jakimowicz, C. J. Snijders, J. J. Jacobs, and D. W. Meije. "New ergonomic guidelines for laparoscopic instruments." Minimally Invasive Therapy & Allied Technologies 10, no. 3 (January 2001): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/136457001753192286.

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10

Lietz, Janna, Nazan Ulusoy, and Albert Nienhaus. "Prevention of Musculoskeletal Diseases and Pain among Dental Professionals through Ergonomic Interventions: A Systematic Literature Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10 (May 16, 2020): 3482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103482.

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Musculoskeletal diseases and pain (MSDs) are prevalent among dental professionals. They cause a growing inability to work and premature leaving of the occupation. Thus, the objective of this review was to summarize the evidence of ergonomic interventions for the prevention of MSDs among dental professionals. This review was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The literature search was carried out in May 2018, with an update in April 2019. Scientific databases such as MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed and Web of Science as well as reference lists of the included studies were used. Relevant data were extracted from the studies and summarized. The quality assessment was performed using a validated standardized instrument. Eleven studies were included in this review, of which four are of high quality. Eight studies focused on setting prevention strategies. Of those, in five studies, magnification loupes or prismatic spectacles were the subject of ergonomic interventions. Further subjects were the dental chair (n = 2) and dental instruments (n = 1). Three studies evaluated ergonomic training. In all studies, the ergonomic interventions had positive effects on the study outcome. Several ergonomic interventions to prevent MSDs among dental professionals were found to exert a positive effect on the prevalence of MSDs or working posture. This systematic review adds current evidence for the use of prismatic spectacles in order to prevent MSDs among dental professionals. Further intervention studies about the role of ergonomics for the prevention of MSDs among dental professionals are warranted.

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Yuliani, Euis Nina Saparina, I. Putu Gede Adiatmika, Ketut Tirtayasa, and Nyoman Adiputra. "Penerapan pendekatan ergonomi total dalam menurunkan kelelahan kerja: Studi literatur." Operations Excellence: Journal of Applied Industrial Engineering 13, no. 2 (August 5, 2021): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/oe.2021.v13.i2.019.

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Work fatigue is one of the factors that affect occupational health and safety. To create a good quality of occupational health, an approach that can be applied to reduce work fatigue is needed, so that good work performance can be achieved. The purpose of this study was to carry out a systematic literature study to determine the application of the Total Ergonomics Approach in reducing worker fatigue. This literature study is useful for explaining the Total Ergonomic Approach model, fatigue measurement instruments, and various improvement interventions carried out in various fields of work. The research method used is a systematic literature study through databases such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, Researchgate, and the Indonesian Scientific Repository-Neliti, using the keywords total ergonomics approach and work fatigue. The Total Ergonomic Approach Model was found to obtain optimal repair solutions, in the fields of industrial work, agriculture, education and hospitality, and others. Improvement interventions developed include improving work attitudes, working conditions, providing nutrition, and redesigning work tools. The measurement of work fatigue in all literature was carried out using a questionnaire instrument. Based on this literature study, there is a research gap to develop a model of a total ergonomics approach in the transportation sector to reduce logistics driver fatigue and to develop an objective and real-time fatigue measurement instrument. So that it can produce a contribution to creating quality health and safety for logistics drivers.

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12

Goczewski, Maciej, and R. Stupnytsky. "The instrument transfer method in four handed dentistry in dental operating microscope as a module of a training program in the aspect of reduction of the dynamic load of the visual system of the operator." SUCHASNA STOMATOLOHIYA 108, no. 4 (2021): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33295/1992-576x-2021-4-54.

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Resume. Introduction of a Dental Operating Microscope (DOM) in the clinical work can make some difficulties in operator’s work.In particular, to ensure the safety of the operator’s visual system and ergonomics of the work, the operator’s gaze should be continuously directed to the operating field. The instruments should be moved over the operating field by the assisting personnel, whose participation in the transfer is not complete until the evening nstrument is visible through the microscope and the operator is fully capable of controlling its movement. Instrument transfer method in DOM includes 3 steps: modified direct placement, predelivery, delivery and exchange of instruments. In the presented method the most important elements are the properly oriented end of the instrument by dental assistant and mutual grasp of instrument. The method allows to reduce the load on the operator’s visual system and to make four-handed work ergonomic. Key words: dental operating microscope (DOM), four-handed dentistry in DOM, instrument transfer in DOM, mutual grasp, visual system overload of dental operator.

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Quarrier, Nicholas F., and Richard N. Norris. "Adaptations for Trombone Performance: Ergonomic Interventions." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 16, no. 2 (June 1, 2001): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2001.2013.

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Performing arts health care practitioners need to be familiar with the ergonomic features of various musical instruments, many of which put the performer at increased risk for injury. An informed practitioner can advise regarding improving the fit between the musician and the musical instrument, in order to reduce stresses due to compression of the instrument against the body or to supporting the weight of the instrument. These modifications may alter the instrument itself and/or provide external devices, such as splints, straps, or stands that disperse and minimize stress on the performer. Various thermoplastic orthoses have been designed to reduce static loading on small body parts such as the right thumb in clarinetists and flutists. The purpose of the paper is to discuss the nature of instrumental modifications and present two case studies using a simple moldable splint as well as adaptations to the trombone itself.

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Araújo, Marcely Silva, Vandilson Pinheiro Rodrigues, Rogério Vera Cruz Ferro Marques, Andre Luis Costa Cantanhede, Isabelle Aguiar Prado, Andréa Dias Neves Lago, Guilherme Silva Furtado, and Daniele Meira Conde Marques. "Evaluation of knowledge and application towards ergonomic principles among undergraduate dental students." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 14 (October 28, 2021): e123101421561. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i14.21561.

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This study evaluated the knowledge and application of ergonomic principles as well as manifestation of pain by dental students at the Federal University of Maranhão. Forty-four students answered a questionnaire on ergonomic principles. Photographs of the clinical rounds were performed to evaluate the postures adopted, without the students knowing the moment of photographic registration, avoiding that they modified their posture. The relationship between theoretical knowledge and the applicability of ergonomics in dental setting was evaluated. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The Chi-square test analyzed the distribution of categorical variables among the evaluation instruments (α = 5%). Most of the participants adopted a satisfactory posture and presented knowledge about ergonomic postures, however, one can observe the poor positioning of the eyes and spine. 75% of the patients experienced pain in the body, being the spine (61.4%) and neck (40.9%) the most affected sites. The sample evaluated had good knowledge on ergonomic principles, but these were not adopted entirety, which may have led to the onset of pain.

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HORIO, Tsuyoshi, and Yojiro KAWAMURA. "Ergonomic Study on Carrying of Cooking Instruments." Japanese journal of ergonomics 30, Supplement (1994): 144–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.30.supplement_144.

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16

HORIO, Tsuyoshi, and Yojiro KAWAMURA. "Ergonomic study on carrying of cooking instruments." Japanese journal of ergonomics 32, no. 1 (1996): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.32.51.

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17

Horio, Tsuyoshi. "Ergonomic Study on Washing of Cooking Instruments." Japanese journal of ergonomics 34, Supplement (1998): 272–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.34.supplement_272.

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18

Núñez, German, and Howard Kaufman. "Ergonomic considerations in the design of neurosurgery instruments." Journal of Neurosurgery 69, no. 3 (September 1988): 436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1988.69.3.0436.

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✓ Surgical instruments should be designed to optimize control and interact with tissues or other objects while avoiding surgeon fatigue, muscle spasms, tissue ischemia, and injuries. Several well-established ergonomic criteria can be used in the design of instruments. Analysis of some commonly used bone biting instruments reveal how they violate these criteria. The thoughtful redesign of instruments using these principles is recommended.

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Mehrparvar, Amir H., Mehrdad Mostaghaci, and Raman F. Gerami. "Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Iranian Instrumentalists." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 27, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2012.4036.

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Musicians as an occupational group are exposed to various ergonomic exposures which may lead to musculoskeletal problems. In this study we assessed the frequency of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among Iranian instrumentalists (using traditional Iranian and western instruments). Methods: In a cross-sectional study we assessed the frequency of MSDs in 356 Iranian instrumentalists by standardized Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire according to age group, type of instrument, duration of playing, and playing/sitting position. Data were analyzed using chi-squared, t-test and ANOVA. Results: Overall, 158 of 356 subjects (44.4%) experienced MSDs, mostly with mild or moderate symptoms. Frequency of MSDs was significantly higher in females but it was not significantly related to body mass index, duration of employment, and duration of playing or teaching. Conclusion: Our study showed a high frequency of MSDs among Iranian instrumentalists, so paying attention to the ergonomic exposures of instrumentalists as an occupational group is important. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on players of different Iranian instruments to have considered ergonomic risk factors.

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Aylmore, Holly, Emmanouil Dimitrakakis, Joshua Carmichael, Danyal Z. Khan, Danail Stoyanov, Neil L. Dorward, and Hani J. Marcus. "Specialised Surgical Instruments for Endoscopic and Endoscope-Assisted Neurosurgery: A Systematic Review of Safety, Efficacy and Usability." Cancers 14, no. 12 (June 14, 2022): 2931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14122931.

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While there have been great strides in endoscopic and endoscope-assisted neurosurgical approaches, particularly in the treatment of deep-sited brain and skull base tumours, the greatest technical barrier to their adoption has been the availability of suitable surgical instruments. This systematic review seeks to identify specialised instruments for these approaches and evaluate their safety, efficacy and usability. Conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, SCOPUS and Web of Science were searched. Original research studies that reported the use of specialised mechanical instruments that manipulate tissue in human patients, cadavers or surgical models were included. The results identified 50 specialised instruments over 62 studies. Objective measures of safety were reported in 32 out of 62 studies, and 20 reported objective measures of efficacy. Instruments were broadly safe and effective with one instrument malfunction noted. Measures of usability were reported in 15 studies, with seven reporting on ergonomics and eight on the instruments learning curve. Instruments with reports on usability were generally considered to be ergonomic, though learning curve was often considered a disadvantage. Comparisons to standard instruments were made in eight studies and were generally favourable. While there are many specialised instruments for endoscopic and endoscope-assisted neurosurgery available, the evidence for their safety, efficacy and usability is limited with non-standardised reporting and few comparative studies to standard instruments. Future innovation should be tailored to unmet clinical needs, and evaluation guided by structured development processes.

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Lin, Chiuhsiang Joe, Hung-Jen Chen, and Ying-Chu Lo. "Ergonomic Investigation of Weight Distribution of Laparoscopic Instruments." Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques 21, no. 5 (June 2011): 411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/lap.2010.0369.

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Cheng, Chang Xian. "Emphasizing the Roll of Ergonomics in Industrial Design and its Wide Application in the Media Industry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 2063–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.2063.

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Today’s industrial design has gone beyond the traditional product design. China is in the transfer process from the world's manufacturing plant to the world's manufacturing center. Chinese manufacturing industry is transiting from mass production and mass marketing to brand competition and design competition; China’s industrial design is moving from design for products and design for industrial enterprises to design for the market and users, and from basic industries- and technology-oriented model to sales- and marketing-oriented and brand- and user-oriented model. The importance of implementing user-friendly design principles and applying ergonomic principles to sustainable design in Industrial design is increasingly becoming the consensus of the industries. In today's information society, the media industry is charged with an irreplaceable task of information manufacture and dissemination. A variety of devices (including electronic, optical, mechanical equipment and instruments, and even household facilities and equipment, etc.) used by the modern media industry need the direct contact, operation or use of the operator. Design and manufacture of these devices need to apply modern ergonomic design theory and research results. In this paper, the importance of ergonomics, the features and research aspects of modern ergonomics, developing trends of ergonomics, and the application of ergonomics in the media industry are described.

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Nambi, Manikantan, Paul S. Bernstein, and Jake J. Abbott. "A Compact Telemanipulated Retinal-Surgery System that Uses Commercially Available Instruments with a Quick-Change Adapter." Journal of Medical Robotics Research 01, no. 02 (June 2016): 1630001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424905x16300016.

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We present a telemanipulation system for retinal surgery that uses a full range of unmodified commercially available instruments. The system is compact and light enough that it could reasonably be made head-mounted to passively compensate for head movements. Two mechanisms are presented that enable the system to use commercial actuated instruments, and an instrument adapter enables quick-change of instruments during surgery. A custom stylus for a haptic interface enables intuitive and ergonomic telemanipulation of actuated instruments. Experimental results with a force-sensitive phantom eye show that telemanipulated surgery results in reduced forces on the retina compared to manual surgery, and training with the system results in improved performance.

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Klein, Alison Alfred, and Maria Lucia Leite Ribeiro Okimoto. "Mapping of ergonomic assessment tools." DAT Journal 8, no. 2 (June 29, 2023): 136–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29147/datjournal.v8i2.720.

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Ergonomists use in their daily routine instruments, which these professionals call analysis tools. Each one of them has a scientific basis and an intended use. The objective of this study was to perform a mapping of the ergonomics tools most often cited in the scientific literature, with the objective of detailing and differentiating the main characteristics. After performing an RBS with the key words that indicate tool use and ergonomic risk assessment, 82 tools were mapped, from which the authors of this article selected the 10 most cited and performed an investigation of their main characteristics and functionalities. We then concluded that each of these tools has its intended use, and the overlapping of tools indicates a lack of effectiveness. We still observed the great influence of analysts over non-technology tools, thus the use of technology is not yet fully applied to the work reality in a broad way.

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Sun, Chang Ying, Shu Yi Wang, and Bing Cao Wang. "Ergonomic Design and Evaluation of Laparoscopic Instrument Handle Based on Anthropometry." Advanced Materials Research 950 (June 2014): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.950.109.

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The laparoscopic instruments cause pain, numbness and damages to surgeons during the operation due to poor ergonomic design. Anthropometry is one of the most important factors in ergonomic design. Six hand dimensions have been measured in gripping position of fourteen subjects. A prototype handle was designed based on those anthropometric data and finally manufactured. In this study, surface EMG and angels of wrist during a simulated laparoscopic task were collected to evaluate the usability of the new designed and an available handle. After the task, a questionnaire was used to assess the comfort level of those handles subjectively. The compare of those physiological signals showed that the prototype was superior in ergonomic design. Regarding to the questionnaire, the prototype handle scored 58.08, and the current handle scored 52.22. The results showed that the prototype handle is more ergonomic designed than the current handle.

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Loring, Beth, and Erin-Anne Lemieux. "User Research Improves Laparoscopic Instruments." Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications 18, no. 1 (January 2010): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/106480410x12658371678471.

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FEATURE AT A GLANCE: This case study describes the user-centered redesign of a laparoscopic instrument handle for Cardinal Health. A multidisciplinary team designed a new handle that addressed multiple ergonomic shortcomings and enabled surgeons to perform procedures with greater comfort, safety, and efficiency. Improvements included a flexible grip to allow palming or use of finger rings; broad, contoured surfaces that provided comfort and avoided pressure points; a larger rotation knob with ribs to aid grip, especially with wet gloves; and a tapered shape to accommodate a wide range of finger lengths and grip styles.

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Holtum, C. "The design and assessment of the XJ'40 instruments and controls." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Transport Engineering 200, no. 5 (December 1986): s71—s78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1986_200_206_02.

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The process of designing new vehicle instruments and controls is discussed together with the ergonomic work undertaken to ensure the successful integration of these new features with existing systems in the Jaguar XJ40.

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Clemente, M. Pais. "COMET Surgery for Sinus Disorders." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 112, no. 5 (May 1995): P95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(05)80225-6.

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Educational objectives: To teach the current indications and surgical techniques on COMET Surgery and to improve knowledge with the optical, ergonomic and surgical performances of the different optical instruments.

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Tavares, M. A., S. Campagne Lpiseau, M. Canis, and R. Botchorishvili. "Intravesical repair of vesicovaginal fistula guided by cystoscopy." Facts, Views and Vision in ObGyn 13, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.52054/fvvo.13.2.022.

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Background: Vesicovaginal fistulas (VVF) are an unusual problem that may significantly affect a patient’s quality of life. The main causes for this condition are labour complications (mostly in developing countries) and pelvic surgeries (in industrialised countries). Treatment may be conservative or surgical. Regarding surgical treatment, there is still debate about the best approach and surgical technique. Objective: To demonstrate a correction of a VVF guided by cystoscopy using intravesical laparoscopic instruments. Methods: Case report and surgical video of a recurrent VVF treated with a hybrid technique involving direct transvesical insertion of 3 mm laparoscopic trocars and instruments guided by cystoscopy. As far as we know, although there are some reported techniques that use a combination of transvesical laparoscopic instruments and cystoscopy, this is the least invasive and most ergonomic technique described. Results: Two years after surgery, the patient remains asymptomatic and with no fistula recurrence. Conclusion: The transvesical approach guided by cystoscopy seems to be an effective, safe and ergonomic minimally invasive procedure for VVF repair.

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Bondarchuk, E. V., A. G. Merkulova, and S. A. Kalinina. "The possibility of using inertial motion capture systems to solve problems of labor physiology." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 60, no. 11 (December 3, 2020): 734–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2020-60-11-734-737.

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Introduction. Improving the ergonomics of the workplace, preventing the development of fatigue and diseases of the musculoskeletal system are relevant for workers in all spheres of the modern economy. The physiology of labor is engaged in solving these issues, one of the tasks of which is to conduct an ergonomic analysis, which includes determining the severity of the labor process and determining the rationality of working postures. The search for and approbation of modern methods of increasing the objectivity and reliability of research carried out in production is an urgent direction in labor physiology. The aim of the study is comparison of the results of a hygienic assessment of the severity of the labor process in accordance with the guideline R 2.2.2006-05, carried out using standard techniques and the use of motion capture technology based on IMU-sensors, carried out at the workplace of a specialist in the management of high-rise equipment. Materials and methods. To measure the indicators of the severity of labor in accordance with the guideline R 2.2.2006-05, standard measuring instruments measuring instruments were used. The Xsens system (Netherlands) with wireless IMU-sensors "Awinda" was used as a motion capture system. Results. During this study, the possibility of using inertial motion capture systems was established as a reliable and additional tool for solving problems of labor physiology. Conclusion. It was revealed that this technology allows to increase the objectivity and reliability of ergonomic analysis and to measure quantitative indicators of the severity of labor in any production environment. At the same time, today a significant drawback is the lack of programs for processing the data obtained and the need to use standard measuring instruments.

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Yuan, Lu, Bryan Buchholz, Laura Punnett, and David Kriebel. "Estimation of Muscle Contraction Forces and Joint Reaction Forces at the Low Back and Shoulder during Drywall Installation." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 51, no. 15 (October 2007): 952–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120705101518.

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Construction workers performing drywall installation are exposed to a variety of ergonomic hazards, including heavy material handling, repetitive motions and awkward postures. The rates of musculoskeletal injuries and disorders among drywall installers are very high, especially at the low back and shoulder. The unique characteristics of the work environment in the construction industry do not allow for applying objective ergonomic assessment instruments. Thus, biomechanical models and computer simulations were combined for a more comprehensive evaluation of ergonomic hazards. Utilizing Monte-Carlo simulation to generate the input for biomechanical models based on information from PATH (Posture, Activity, Tools, and Handling), a work-sampling based approach, the present study estimated the required muscle contraction forces and joint reaction forces at the low back and shoulder during a simulated 8-hour drywall installation workday. The results of this study also provided a database for future evaluations of ergonomic interventions on drywall installation work.

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Ivanova, Veronika, Plamen Vasilev, Ivilin Stoianov, Rumen Andreev, and Ani Boneva. "Design of a Multifunctional Operating Station Based on Augmented Reality (MOSAR)." Cybernetics and Information Technologies 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cait-2021-0009.

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Abstract Design principles of a novel Multifunctional Operation Station (MOS) using Augmented Reality (AR) technology (MOSAR) are proposed in this paper. AR-based design allows more ergonomic remote instrument control in real time in contrast to classical instrument-centered interfaces. Another advantage is its hierarchical software structure including multiple programming interpreters. The MOSAR approach is illustrated with a remote surgical operating station that controls intelligent surgical instruments. The implementation of the Operation Station (MOS) is based on the multiplatform open-source library Tcl/Tk, and an AR extension has been developed on a Unity platform, using Vuforia SDK.

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Simmer-Beck, Melanie, and Bonnie G. Branson. "An evidence-based review of ergonomic features of dental hygiene instruments." Work 35, no. 4 (2010): 477–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-2010-0984.

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Du, Yujia, Rui Jiang, and Haining Wang. "Ergonomic Design and Assessment of an Improved Handle for a Laparoscopic Dissector Based on 3D Anthropometry." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (January 29, 2023): 2361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032361.

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Laparoscopic surgery (LS) has been shown to provide great benefits to patients compared with open surgery. However, surgeons experience discomfort, low-efficiency, and even musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) because of the poor ergonomic design of laparoscopic instruments. A methodology for the ergonomic design of laparoscopic dissector handles considering three-dimensional (3D) hand anthropometry and dynamic hand positions was addressed in this research. Two types of hand positions for grasping and stretching were scanned from 21 volunteers using a high-resolution 3D scanner. The 3D anthropometric data were extracted from these 3D hand pose models and used to design an improved handle (IH) that provides additional support for the thumb, a better fit to the purlicue, and a more flexible grasp for the index finger. Thirty subjects were invited to evaluate the IH in terms of muscular effort, goniometric study of motion, and efficiency and effectiveness during four trials of a laparoscopic training task. Questionnaires provided subjective parameters for ergonomic assessment. Positive results included less muscle load in the trapezius as well as significant but small angular differences in the upper limb. No significant reduction in the trial time and no increased percentage of the achievement were observed between the IH and the commercial handle (CH). Improved intuitiveness, comfort, precision, stability, and overall satisfaction were reported. IH provides significant ergonomic advantages in laparoscopic training tasks, demonstrating that the proposed methodology based on 3D anthropometry is a powerful tool for the handle design of laparoscopic dissectors and other surgical instruments.

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Kumar, R. Vinaya, P. Anuroopa, MS Nalini, and S. Savita. "Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain and Assessment of Ergonomic Factors in Undergraduate Dental Students: An Observational Study." Journal of Health Sciences & Research 5, no. 2 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10042-1001.

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ABSTRACT Background The musculoskeletal health of dental pro- fessionals has been the focus of several studies globally. It has been estimated that work-related musculoskeletal injuries occur in 54 to 93% of dental professionals. However, when it comes to studies carried out on dental students, there is a dearth of information. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the ergonomic factors and presence of muscular pain in dental students undergoing clinical training at Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, India. Materials and methods Data collection was carried out on a sample of 103 students pursuing their undergraduate program in dentistry using a structured questionnaire comprising questions pertaining to the recipient's sociodemographic information, ergonomic features, medical information, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) resulting from clinical practice, musculoskeletal demands, posture related queries, workplace, instruments and exercises. Results The results of this study revealed a high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in dental students. Further, the study also highlighted the lack of knowledge among the students which could have led to the aggravation of symptoms. Conclusion Therefore, it is essential to include ergonomics in the dental curriculum so as to educate students regarding adoption of healthy postures and subsequently reduce the risk of MSDs. The etiology of musculoskeletal disease is multifactorial and consequently preventive strategies should focus on ergo- nomics, breaks at work, general health and physical exercise. How to cite this article Kumar RV, Anuroopa P, Nalini MS, Savita S. Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain and Assessment of Ergonomic Factors in Undergraduate Dental Students: An Observational Study. J Health Sci Res 2014;5(2):1-5.

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Kurniawan, Bina, Zen Rahfiludin, Yuliani Setyaningsih, and Nurjazuli Nurjazuli. "Ergonomic Risk, Muscle Tension, Lactic Acid, and Work Performance on Transport Workers at Fish Auction." Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia 18, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v18i2.19739.

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One of the main occupations in fish auction facilities was transport worker. Manual handling activities are a leading cause of workplace injuries such as strains and back injuries. This study aims to analyze the association between ergonomic posture with muscle tension, lactic acid buildup, and work performance. This study was carried out in November 2020. The instruments in this study were portable electromyography, lactate analyzer, REBA Assessment sheet, and questionnaire. The analysis was performed with statistical test using Fisher Exact Test. This study is analytical survey research with cross-sectional study design with 51 respondents selected using convenience sampling method. Based on the data obtained, it was found that 36 respondents (70.59%) did not work ergonomically. The result of the analysis is that there is an association between ergonomic posture and muscle tension (p=0.000) and lactic acid buildup (p=0.002), but there is no association between ergonomic posture and work performance (p=0.761). It is necessary to improve the quality of fish auction facilities services by providing ergonomic transportation aids such as lifting trolleys and training related to the dangers of ergonomic risk factors at fish auction facilities.

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Price, Kevin, and Alan HD Watson. "Effect of Using Ergobrass Ergonomic Supports on Postural Muscles in Trumpet, Trombone, and French Horn Players." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 33, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2018.3026.

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AIMS: Though ergonomic supports are widely used for many groups of instruments, they are rare for brass instruments, despite the instruments’ considerable weight. Musculoskeletal injury and postural problems are common among this group, and so, both adult and young players are likely to benefit from supports that reduce the load placed on the body. This study assessed the effects on postural muscle activity of a recently developed range of supports (Ergobrass) that use a rod to transfer the weight of the instrument to a harness or to the chair or floor. METHODS: Twenty conservatoire students (mean age [SD], 20.9 ± 0.5 yrs) of the trumpet, french horn, or trombone used the supports while playing short brass studies, either sitting or standing. Surface electromyography recordings were made from key postural muscles, and their activity levels were compared with and without the support. RESULTS: Statistically significant reductions (typically 15–30%) were present in many of the muscles when using the supports, though in some players they were much larger. The number of muscles affected was least with the lightest instruments (the trumpet), with the effects mainly in the left deltoid and trapezius muscles. Reductions for the horn were bilateral, principally in biceps, pectoralis major, and deltoid; while in the trombone, they were confined to the left side (pectoralis major, posterior deltoid, and trapezius), as the right arm is in constant use to move the slide. CONCLUSIONS: The supports are effective in reducing postural muscle activity and may be of particular benefit to injured or young players.

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Ghozali, Ahmad Musyafa', and Sunyoto Sunyoto. "Rancang Bangun Mesin Es Krim dengan Kontrol Suhu." Jurnal Dinamika Vokasional Teknik Mesin 6, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 84–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/dinamika.v6i1.38243.

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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merancang dan membuat mesin es krim yang efektif, efisien, dan ergonomis dengan kontrol suhu. Berdasarkan survey yang dilakukan mesin yang lama atau mesin yang sudah ada memiliki beberapa kekurangan sehingga kurang efektif, efisien, dan ergonomis. Metode yang digunakan adalah model RD 4D yang dimodifikasi yaitu Define, Design, Development, dan Dissemination. Instrumen yang dipakai adalah validasi desain dan lembar observasi kinerja mesin. Data berasal dari responden, Dosen Ahli perancangan, dan pihak UMKM. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif. Keefektifan mesin baru lebih baik karena mampu mengukur suhu adonan dan mensetting mesin mati pada suhu yang ditentukan. Efisiensi waktu 10% waktu pembuatan hanya 18 menit, mesin sebelumnya 20 menit. Efisiensi kapasitas 22,23%, Efisiensi biaya 10% dan lebih hemat biaya listrik Rp 17,337. Keergonomisan mesin baru dalam angket sangat layak dan lebih ergonomis dari sebelumnya.The purpose of this study is to design and build an ice cream machine equipped with temperature control. According to a survey, the current market products have many flaws making them less effective, efficient, and ergonomic. The study's method was a modified RD 4D, comprising Define, Design, Development, and Dissemination processes. The instruments used are design validation and performance observation sheets. The data were collected from respondents, experts of engineering design, and Small and Medium Business partners. The data obtained is analyzed using a descriptive-statistic analysis. The ice cream machine is more effective than its predecessor because it measures dough temperature and sets the machine's power off at a specific temperature. It only takes 18 minutes to make the ice cream, compared to its predecessor of 20 minutes, thus gives a time efficiency of 10%. The capacity efficiency is 22,23% and more cost-effective in terms of electricity at Rp 17,337. The machine is also considered more ergonomic than the previous one.

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Graetz, Christian, Anna Plaumann, Sebastian Rauschenbach, Jule Bielfeldt, Christof E. Dörfer, and Falk Schwendicke. "Removal of simulated biofilm: a preclinical ergonomic comparison of instruments and operators." Clinical Oral Investigations 20, no. 6 (September 29, 2015): 1193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-015-1605-2.

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Sulistiono, Sulistiono, Bambang Suhardi, F. Ishartomo, and I. Nugraha. "PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF MULTISCALE FRET AS INNOVATION OF ERGONOMIC GUITAR." Journal of Technology and Operations Management 16, Number 1 (July 29, 2021): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jtom2021.16.1.7.

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The development of multiscale fret as innovation of ergonomic guitar concept aims to make this innovation applied more by guitar luthiers in designing a guitar signature that is modern and ergonomic. This concept has its own advantages, not only producing specific and organic tones, but also has benefits that can minimize the risk of repetitive strain injuries that are often experienced by guitar players. Therefore, multiscale fret has begun to be widely developed and has become one of the alternative innovations that can be applied by guitar luthiers that still adopt conventional fret concept. This paper conducts an preliminary information of the innovation of multiscale fret in a guitar that is associated with aspects of ergonomic comfort. In further research, this is expected to be a reference to understand the basic of multiscale fret and a stepping stone in conducting more systematic review regarding the effectiveness of the performance of human-centered musical instruments.

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Gordin, Karina. "Bodywork: Tuning the Instrument of the Soul." Music and Medicine 10, no. 1 (January 25, 2018): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47513/mmd.v10i1.555.

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Instrumental musicians are among groups of professionals at high risk for overuse injuries, including pain, fatigue, loss of range of motion, as well as loss of endurance and fine motor control[i]. Factors contributing to overuse injuries include, but not limited to, ergonomic errors and posture misalignment due to poor fit between instrument and musician, heavy instruments, as well as repetitive strain due to prolonged daily practice and/or performance[ii]. Massage therapy may target musician specific injuries by focusing on relaxing restrictive, overused muscles, enhancing circulation, and improving range of motion by increasing length of fascia and muscles, and breaking down adhesions[iii].

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MartÍnez, Arturo Minor. "Preliminary Analysis of a New Ergonomic System for Surgical Instruments Used in Laparoscopy." Journal of Surgery 1, no. 2 (2013): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.js.20130102.15.

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Paoki, Rouna, and Grace Fresania Kaparang. "COMPUTER ERGONOMICS DAN REPETITIVE STRAIN INJURY PADA PEGAWAI UNIVERSITAS SELAMA PANDEMI." Nutrix Journal 6, no. 2 (October 30, 2022): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37771/nj.vol6.iss2.855.

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Abstract The "new normal" conditions due to the COVID-19 pandemic have forced all to work from home and many people are just lacking of the knowledge to organize an ergonomic workplace thus, opening the potential to produce new problems, one of which is repetitive strain injury. This study aims to investigate the description of computer ergonomics behavior and repetitive strain injury figures in employees of K university, Indonesia. With a descriptive method and a cross-sectional approach, a simple random sampling technique, this study was attended by a total of 78 people but only 65 participants filled in the data completely. RULA score and Nordic Body Pain are used as research instruments. The results showed that risky computer ergonomics behavior of the majority of employees (n=64; 98.5%) universities resulting in repetitive strain injury in the majority (n=70; 89.7%) of participants, with complaints of neck pain (n=54; 69.23%), right shoulder pain (n=33; 42.3%) and left shoulder pain (n=24; 30.7%) as the three most painful sites. Recommendations for university administrators to hold computer ergonomics training to their employees, and for subsequent research to continue research with an experimental approach to the handling of emerging RSI. Keywords: computer ergonomics, pandemic, repetitive strain injury, university employee Abstrak Kondisi “new normal” karena pandemi COVID-19 ini memaksa semua untuk bekerja dari rumah dan banyak orang yang minim dalam pengetahuan untuk mengatur tempat kerja yang ergonomis sehingga berpotensi menghasilkan masalah baru yang salah satunya adalah repetitive strain injury. Studi ini bertujuan melihat gambaran perilaku computer ergonomics dan angka repetitive strain injury pada pegawai universitas K, Indonesia. Dengan metode deskriptif dan pendekatan potong lintang, teknik pengambilan sampel simple random, penelitian ini diikuti oleh total 78 orang namun hanya 65 partisipan yang mengisi data dengan lengkap. RULA score dan Nordic Body Pain digunakan sebagai instrumen penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perilaku computer ergonomics yang berisiko dari mayoritas pegawai (n=64; 98.5%) universitas sehingga mengakibatkan repetitive strain injury pada mayoritas (n=70; 89.7%) partisipan, dengan keluhan nyeri leher (n=54; 69.23%), nyeri bahu kanan (n=33; 42.3%) dan nyeri bahu kiri (n=24; 30.7%) sebagai tiga tempat terbanyak yang nyeri. Rekomendasi bagi administrator universitas untuk dapat memberikan pelatihan computer ergonomics pada pegawainya, dan untuk penelitian selanjutnya untuk dapat melanjutkan penelitian dengan pendekatan eksperimental untuk penanganan RSI yang muncul. Kata Kunci: computer ergonomics, pandemi, pegawai universitas, repetitive strain injury

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Zhuravlyov, Gennady E. "Ergonomic Provisions of the Shelter's Safety at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 42, no. 10 (October 1998): 740–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129804201018.

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This paper outlines the main Human Factors/Ergonomic tasks to be solved to enhance the safety of the Shelter (Sarcophagus) of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plants's destroyed Unit #4 during current maintanance and forthcoming reconstruction as were observed during our visit to this site. The convential Human Factors problems are connected to personnel activities such as: traffic organization, radiation cartography, communications, monitoring of the personnel activity inside the Shelter, protective clothes, instruments, illumination, and ventilation. Macroergonomic problems include: uncertainty, risk to health, and high technical level of instruments and equipment used. Shelter workers have to assimilate many different professions and the scope of their training needs to be very large. Both situational and spatial uncertainties of the Shelter set special training problems. Three dimensional models and virtual reality tools are needed to help in solve these problems. Psychological training should also be conducted. The investigation was performed within the framework of cooperation between Russian an American ergonomists (Parsons et al. 1992).

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Culmone, Costanza, Kirsten Lussenburg, Joost Alkemade, Gerwin Smit, Aimée Sakes, and Paul Breedveld. "A Fully 3D-Printed Steerable Instrument for Minimally Invasive Surgery." Materials 14, no. 24 (December 20, 2021): 7910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14247910.

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In the field of medical instruments, additive manufacturing allows for a drastic reduction in the number of components while improving the functionalities of the final design. In addition, modifications for users’ needs or specific procedures become possible by enabling the production of single customized items. In this work, we present the design of a new fully 3D-printed handheld steerable instrument for laparoscopic surgery, which was mechanically actuated using cables. The pistol-grip handle is based on ergonomic principles and allows for single-hand control of both grasping and omnidirectional steering, while compliant joints and snap-fit connectors enable fast assembly and minimal part count. Additive manufacturing allows for personalization of the handle to each surgeon’s needs by adjusting specific dimensions in the CAD model, which increases the user’s comfort during surgery. Testing showed that the forces on the instrument handle required for steering and grasping were below 15 N, while the grasping force efficiency was calculated to be 10–30%. The instrument combines the advantages of additive manufacturing with regard to personalization and simplified assembly, illustrating a new approach to the design of advanced surgical instruments where the customization for a single procedure or user’s need is a central aspect.

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Wang, Xiaofei, Shuxin Wang, Jianmin Li, Guokai Zhang, and Chao He. "Easy Grasp: A novel hybrid-driven manual medical instrument for laparoscopic surgery." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 226, no. 12 (March 15, 2012): 2990–3001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406212441568.

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A novel compact manual instrument for laparoscopic surgery, Easy Grasp, is proposed and the prototype is developed. It is a hybridization of cable and link drives. The instrument conforms to the ergonomic engineering and it can realize roll, pitch, and yaw motions. Owing to the parallelograms and universal joints, the motions outside the abdomen can be mapped to the end-effector motions inside the abdomen exactly. The workspace of the wrist-like joint is a submanifold of special orthogonal group and is evaluated by the matrix exponential parameterization. The structure of the instrument is designed optimally on the basis of the kinematic analysis together with the global condition index. The instrument can not only satisfy the needs of basic tasks, but also be used to accomplish difficult tasks such as suturing and knot-tying. Experimental results show that the instrument works as well as commercial products. The ease of use will make the instrument effective in laparoscopic surgery. The structure of the instrument is a prototype for other manual instruments and provides a framework for instrument design.

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Riggle, Jakeb D., Emily E. Miller, Bernadette McCrory, Alex Meitl, Eric Lim, M. Susan Hallbeck, and Chad A. LaGrange. "Ergonomic comparison of laparoscopic hand instruments in a single site surgery simulator with novices." Minimally Invasive Therapy & Allied Technologies 24, no. 2 (August 21, 2014): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13645706.2014.946426.

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Sancibrian, Ramon, María C. Gutierrez-Diez, Carlos Torre-Ferrero, Maria A. Benito-Gonzalez, Carlos Redondo-Figuero, and Jose C. Manuel-Palazuelos. "Design and evaluation of a new ergonomic handle for instruments in minimally invasive surgery." Journal of Surgical Research 188, no. 1 (May 2014): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2013.12.021.

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Hallbeck, M. Susan, Bethany R. Lowndes, Bernadette McCrory, Melissa M. Morrow, Kenton R. Kaufman, and Chad A. LaGrange. "Kinematic and ergonomic assessment of laparoendoscopic single-site surgical instruments during simulator training tasks." Applied Ergonomics 62 (July 2017): 118–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2017.02.003.

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Mutyah, Diyan, Hidayatus Sya’diyah, Sukma Ayu Candra Kirana, Ayu Citra Mayasari, and Evi K. "Effect of Ergonomic Gymnastics on Systolic Blood Pressure Among Individuals with Hypertension in Kaliasin Family Welfare Development." Journal of Health Sciences 15, no. 01 (April 5, 2022): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33086/jhs.v15i01.2177.

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One of the things that can affect blood pressure is a lack of physical activity. Ergonomicgymnastics is an exercise that easy to learn and understand. This paper analyzes theeffect of ergonomic exercise on systolic blood pressure among individuals with hypertension in the Kaliasin family welfare empowerment. This research was a pre-experimental study with a One-group pre-posttest design. The sampling technique utilized non-probability sampling with the purposive sampling technique. In addition,the population was 20 individuals with hypertension in Kaliasin family welfareempowerment. Fifteen people met the inclusion criteria – 45-55 years old and had stageI hypertension with 140-159 mmHg systolic. The independent variable was ergonomicgymnastics, while the dependent variable was systolic blood pressure. Ergonomicgymnastics were performed six times for two weeks with 25-30 minutes in eachmeeting. In addition, the instruments were ergonomic gymnastics manuals with anobservation sheet and a sphygmomanometer. Data analysis utilized the Wilcoxonsigned-rank test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that mostrespondents had 155-159 mmHg in systolic blood pressure (40%) before the ergonomicgymnastic. Meanwhile, after the intervention, they had 145-149 mmHg (33.3%) and150-154 mmHg (33.3%). In addition, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test obtains ρ=0.001(α≤ 0.05). Thus, there was a difference in systolic blood pressure before and afterergonomic gymnastics. Ergonomic gymnastics can decrease systolic blood pressure.Individuals with stage I hypertension should perform ergonomic gymnastics routinely toavoid the complication of hypertension.

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