Книги з теми "ERAMS Systems"
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1
Eritrean Relief Association. Field Coordinating Office. ERA's distribution system: An overview. Himbol, Eritrea: Eritrean Relief Association, Field Coordinating Office, 1986.
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2
Negri, Carolina. Tra corte, casa e monastero La vita di una donna nel Giappone del Medioevo. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-536-0.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Japanese history the establishment of the ie, or family system, on which patriarchal authority was based, represents one of the most important turning points. The ie that came into being from the late eleventh century onwards, differs from the uji that had characterised previous eras, not so much on account of its patriarchal system but because it would place the married couple in prime position. The family, previously made up of a man engaging in occasional relationships with a number of women, would gradually become a more stable nucleus comprising of a husband with a wife who enjoyed a legally recognised position of privilege compared with all the other concubines. After her husband’s death, she would naturally become a sort of substitute figure, often gaining considerable authority and prestige. With the threat of the Mongolian invasions (from 1274 and 1281) and the consequent increase in limitations on women’s inheritance rights, many widows were forced to take vows as a sign of loyalty and tangible proof of their choice not to remarry if they were to secure their husband’s property. The literary production of Nun Abutsu (1225 ca.-1283 ca.) written in a period which led to the inevitable breakdown of the economic, social, and political balance of Japan, offers a realistic description of women’s ambitions, duties and concerns in an era of great transformation. In a close reading of her major works Abutsu no fumi (The letter of Abutsu, 1264 ca.), Utatane (Fitful slumbers, XIII century) and Izayoi nikki (The Diary of the sixteenth night moon, 1280 ca.), the book casts light on some important issues in Japanese women’s history: the gradual shift from uxorical to virilocal marriage, the consequences of this process for inheritance patterns, the meaning of women’s participation in the intellectual life of their time.
3
Haugen, Peter. World History for Dummies. New York, USA: Hungry Minds, 2001.
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4
World History For Dummies. New York, USA: Wiley Publishing, 2001.
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5
Haugen, Peter. Historia del mundo. Bogotá: Norma, 2002.
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6
Transport, European Commission Directorate-General, ed. European rail traffic management system: ERTMS. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1996.
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7
European rail traffic management system: ERTMS (Transport research). Unipub [distributor], 1996.
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8
Ranney, Joseph A. A Legal History of Mississippi. University Press of Mississippi, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496822574.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sixty years ago, one historian described state legal history as a “wasteland,” a neglected but vitally important part of American history. Legal histories of individual states are now beginning to appear. With this book, Mississippi joins their ranks. The book describes the evolution of Mississippi’s legal system and analyses the changes in that system during the state’s first 200 years. The book examines the interaction of law and society during six key periods of change: (1) Mississippi’s colonial and territorial eras and early years of statehood, when the foundations for its legal system were laid; (2) the evolution of Mississippi slavery and slave law during the early nineteenth century; (3) the state’s role as a leader of legal reform during the age of Andrew Jackson; (4) the unfolding of the Mississippi’s legal response to emancipation and wartime economic devastation during the Reconstruction and early Jim Crow eras; (5) Mississippi’s legal evolution during the Progressive Era and its response to the crisis of the Great Depression; and (6) the state’s legal response to the civil rights and cultural revolutions that have unfolded since 1950.
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Historical Perspectives on the State of Health and Health Systems in Africa, Volume I: The Pre-Colonial and Colonial Eras. Palgrave Macmillan, 2017.
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10
Seybolt, Taylor B. Humanitarian Intervention and International Security. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.217.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Humanitarian intervention is the use of military intervention in a state to achieve socioeconomic objectives, such as keeping people alive and communities functioning by providing basic necessities, without the approval of its authorities. There are three eras of humanitarian intervention: the entire time up to the end of World War II, the Cold War, and the post-Cold War period. These three eras are distinguished by differences in the structure of the international system. Ultimately, the Western intellectual tradition of just war is the foundation for contemporary international law governing armed conflict. It is grounded in natural law, which recognizes the right of sovereigns to use force to uphold the good of the human community, particularly in cases where unjust injury is inflicted on innocents. Eventually, a diverse body of literature on humanitarian intervention has developed. The contemporary debate focuses on the long-standing disagreement between positive law and natural law about coercive intervention. Political scientists use realist and constructivist paradigms to analyze the motives of intervening states and to argue for or against the practice. Proponents favor humanitarian intervention on the basis of legitimacy and the consequences of nonintervention. Opponents argue against intervention on the basis of illegitimacy, practical constraints, and negative consequences. Meanwhile, skeptics sympathize with the humanitarian impulse to help civilians but are troubled about methods and consequences.
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Bassiouni, M. Cherif. Human Rights and International Criminal Justice in the Twenty-First Century. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190272654.003.0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter follows the emergence of human rights from their origins as commonly shared human and social values to their transformation into legal norms and into their inclusion in prescriptive and proscriptive international treaties. It examines the integration of human rights in regional systems as well as national constitutions and domestic legislation. After tracking their emergence and development, this chapter questions the continuing role of human rights in an increasingly globalised world, where the power and wealth interests of states often prevail over the enforcement of human rights. As realpolitik continues to threaten the development of international criminal justice initiatives that emerged in the post-WWII and post-Cold War eras, this chapter analyses the reality facing human rights and international criminal justice in a world of non-state actors, multinational corporations, and the increasing power of those who benefit from impunity and the infringement of human rights.
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Nann, John B., and Morris L. Cohen. The Yale Law School Guide to Research in American Legal History. Yale University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300118537.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study of legal history has a broad application that extends well beyond the interests of legal historians. An attorney arguing a case today may need to cite cases that are decades or even centuries old, and historians studying political or cultural history often encounter legal issues that affect their main subjects. Both groups need to understand the laws and legal practices of past eras. Law plays an important part in the political and social history of the United States. As such, researchers interested in almost every aspect of American life will have occasion to use legal materials. The book provides an overview of legal history research, describing the U.S. legal system and legal authority. It is essential reference is intended for the many nonspecialists who need to enter this arcane and often tricky area of research.
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Cajani, Luigi. Periodization. Edited by Jerry H. Bentley. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199235810.013.0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article presents an overview of the different periodizations of world history. It discusses first world histories that originated as part and parcel of religious visions which connect Creation myths and human history; Greek and Roman historiography; the Christian synthesis of salvation; medieval European historiography of the Six Ages and the Four Empires; Muslim historiography; the European discovery of new histories; the challenges against biblical chronology; Voltaire and the Enlightenment; German Aufklärung; Eurocentrism during the nineteenth century; Marxist historiography; UNESCO's world history after World War II; and current trends. The discussion ends with the big history, which places human history within the wider framework of the history of the universe, thus starting with the Big Bang and going through the formation of the galaxies, the solar system, planet Earth, and the geological eras until the evolution of human beings, and down to the present day.
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Thompson, William R., and Leila Zakhirova. Comparing the Four Main Cases. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190699680.003.0009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
No two system leaders were identical in their claims to being the most innovative states in their respective zones, eras, and periods of leadership. Nonetheless, three general categories emerge: maritime commercial leadership, a pushing of agrarian boundaries, and sustained industrial economic growth. Those that made breakthroughs in the latter category, of course, redefined the modern world. Frontiers were critically important in all four cases of system leadership (China, the Netherlands, Britain, and the United States), but not exactly in the same way. Major improvements in transportation/communication facilitated economic growth by making interactions more feasible and less expensive, although the importance of trade varied considerably. Expanding populations were a hallmark of all four cases, even if the scale of increase varied. Population growth and urbanization forced agriculture to become more efficient and provided labor for nonagricultural pursuits. Urban demands stimulated regional specialization, technological innovation, and energy intensification, expanding the size of domestic markets and contributing to scalar increases in production. Just how large those scalar increases were depended on the interactions among technological innovation, power-driven machinery, and energy transition. Yet no single change led automatically to technological leadership. While lead status was never gained by default, it helped to have few rivals. As more serious rivals emerged, technological leaderships became harder to maintain.
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Lecky, Katarzyna. Pocket Maps and Public Poetry in the English Renaissance. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834694.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
If maps are instruments of power, then it matters that in Renaissance Britain they were often found in the pockets of ordinary people. Pocket Maps and Public Poetry in the English Renaissance demonstrates how early modern British poets paid by the state adapted inclusive modes of nationhood charted by inexpensive, small-format maps. It places chapbooks (“cheapbooks”) by Edmund Spenser, Samuel Daniel, Ben Jonson, William Davenant, and John Milton into conversation with the portable cartography circulating in the same retail print industry. Domestic pocket maps were designed for heavy use by a broad readership that included those on the fringes of literacy. The era’s de facto laureates all banked their success as writers appealing to this burgeoning market share by drawing the nation as the property of the commonwealth rather than the Crown. This book investigates the accessible world of small-format cartography as it emerges in the texts of the poets raised in the expansive public sphere in which pocket maps flourished. It works at the intersections of space, place, and national identity to reveal the geographical imaginary shaping the flourishing business of cheap print. Its placement of poetic economies within mainstream systems of trade also demonstrates how cartography and poetry worked together to mobilize average consumers as political agents. This everyday form of geographic poiesis was also a strong platform for poets writing for monarchs and magistrates when their visions of the nation ran counter to the interests of the government.
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Hensley, Nathan K., and Philip Steer, eds. Ecological Form. Fordham University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823282128.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Victorian England was both the world’s first industrial society and its most powerful global empire. Ecological Form coordinates those facts to show how one version of the Anthropocene first emerged into visibility in the nineteenth century. Many of that era’s most sophisticated observers recognized that the systemic interconnections and global scale of both empire and ecology posed challenges best examined through aesthetic form. Using “ecological formalism” to open new dimensions to our understanding of the Age of Coal, contributors reconsider Victorian literary structures in light of environmental catastrophe; coordinate “natural” questions with social ones; and underscore the category of form—as built structure, internal organizing logic, and generic code—as a means for generating environmental and therefore political knowledge. Together these essays show how Victorian thinkers deployed an array of literary forms, from the elegy and the industrial novel to the utopian romance and the scientific treatise, to think interconnection at world scale. They also renovate our understanding of major writers like Thomas Hardy, George Eliot, John Ruskin, and Joseph Conrad, even while demonstrating the centrality of less celebrated figures, including Dinabandhu Mitra, Samuel Butler, and Joseph Dalton Hooker, to contemporary debates about the humanities and climate change. As the essays survey the circuits of dispossession linking Britain to the Atlantic World, Bengal, New Zealand, and elsewhere—and connecting the Victorian era to our own—they advance the most pressing argument of Ecological Form, which is that past thought can be a resource for reimagining the present.
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Marhold, Hartmut, ed. Wegbegleiter der europäischen Integration. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748902836.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For 60 years, the Institute for European Politics (IEP) has studied Europe—containing contributions on all the eras of its history and fields of work by 23 authors involved in shaping this unique think tank, this book reflects the history of the IEP’s rich experience of research into politics and civil society. Rooted in the post-WWII Euro-federalist movements, the IEP has gained a reputation in Germany as a forward-thinking, advisory and agenda-setting think tank through interdisciplinary research and multiple publications, conferences and training courses, and Master’s and PhD programmes. The authors of this volume offer insights into historical evolutions and fields of research extending from the options for Europe at the time of the Rome Treaties to the EU’s Central Asia Strategy today, from the efforts to bind Central Europe into the European integration process after 1989 to challenges like further democratisation and increasing the efficiency of the EU’s system. With contributions by Dr. Katrin Böttger, Dr. Gianni Bonvicini, Dr. Wolf-Ruthart Born, Elmar Brok, Dr. Vladimír Handl, Dr. Gunilla Herolf, Dr. Werner Hoyer, Prof. Dr. Rudolf Hrbek, Prof. Dr. Mathias Jopp, Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Beate Kohler, Prof. Dr. Michael Kreile, Dr. Barbara Lippert, Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Wilfried Loth, Prof. Dr. Hartmut Marhold, Prof. Dr. Jürgen Mittag, Prof. Dr. Dr. iur. habil. Dr. h.c. mult. Peter-Christian Müller-Graff, Ph.D. h.c., MAE, Dr. Elfriede Regelsberger, Axel Schäfer, Dr. Otto Schmuck, Dr. Franz Schoser, Dr. Funda Tekin, Dr. Jürgen Trumpf, Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Wessels
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Chan, Alfred L. Xi Jinping. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197615225.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book, in one convenient volume, is the first comprehensive exploration of all episodes of Xi Jinping’s (b. 1953) life history and his political career, begun at age seventeen. Part I explores Xi’s formative childhood and youth experience as well as his governance record spanning every administrative level from the village to the capital. Part II focuses on Xi’s first five-year term as general secretary (2012–2017) and as president (2013–2018). The book discusses all major issues, including Xi’s legitimacy building, consolidation of power, ideological redefinition, party rectification, anticorruption efforts, and control of dissent up until 2018. It explores reforms in the economy, social policy, the judiciary, military, and foreign relations in the same period. Xi’s political life mirrors the vicissitudes of the Maoist and reform eras and sheds light on the regime’s hopes and fears, strengths and weaknesses, and the changing zeitgeist. By adopting a multidisciplinary, comparative, and social science approach, this book unpacks and explains immensely complex phenomena, and offers fresh insights into the dynamics of governance in China, encompassing both progressive and regressive features. It synthesizes a large corpus of cutting-edge research on China, takes issue with influential theories such as the “one party, two coalitions” view of Chinese politics, and rejects conventional wisdom that views China as a “frozen and closed system” under “one-man rule.” This original contribution to scholarship explores how Xi Jinping and his team introduced an unprecedented transformation of Chinese society and politics, and initiated an activist global outreach.
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Williams, James Gordon, and Robin D. G. Kelley. Crossing Bar Lines. University Press of Mississippi, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496832108.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book provides an interpretive framework for understanding how African American creative improvisers think of musical space. Featuring a Foreword by eminent scholar Robin D.G. Kelley, this is the first critical improvisation studies book that uses Black Geographies theory to examine the spatial values of musical expression in the improvisational and compositional practices of trumpeters Terence Blanchard and Ambrose Akinmusire, drummers Billy Higgins and Terri Lyne Carrington, and pianist Andrew Hill. Bar lines in this book serve as a notational and spatial metaphor for social constraints connected to systemic and structural white supremacy. Crossing them therefore applies not only to conceptions of Black spatiality in musical practices but also to how African American musicians address structural barriers to fight the social injustices that obstruct freedom and full citizenship for African Americans and other marginalized groups. Defined by both liminal and quotidian reality, Black musical space, like Black feminist thought, is about theorizing through the lived experiences of Black people which reflect different genders, sexual identities, political stances, across improvisational eras. Using this theory of Black musical space, the book explains how these dynamic musicians explicitly and implicitly articulate humanity through compositional and improvisational practices, some of which interface with contemporary social movements like Black Lives Matter. Consequently, Crossing Bar Lines not only fills a significant gap in the literature on African American, activist musical improvisation and contemporary social movements, but it gives the reader an understanding of the complexity of African American musical practices relative to fluid political identities and sensibilities.
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Haugen, Peter. Historia Del Mundo Para Dummies. Grupo Editorial Norma, 2005.
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World History for Dummies. 2nd ed. Hoboken, N.J., USA: Wiley Publishing, 2009.
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22
World History For Dummies. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2009.
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