Дисертації з теми "Equity lines"

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 97 p. : ill. Advisor: Lucia Dunn, Department of Economics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-97).

Un financement par Equity lines permet à une entreprise de mobiliser des fonds supplémentaires à tout moment durant une période convenue afin de renforcer ses capitaux propres. Peu de recherches se concentrent sur ce mécanisme de financement par Equity lines et aucune sur les déterminants de la structure du capital, des mécanismes internes liés à la gouvernance et du contenu informationnel des marchés boursiers. Cette thèse s'articule autour de trois segments de recherche inter-reliés. Elle explore l'utilisation des mécanismes d’Equity lines, afin de mieux appréhender les critères qui motivent le recours à ce type de financement, en examinant à la fois les facteurs spécifiques aux entreprises et ceux relevant de leur environnement général. Notre recherche montre que les opportunités de croissance, la liquidité et le degré de développement du marché boursier (maturité, expérience des intermédiaires financiers, nombre de transactions, etc.) constituent les facteurs déterminant dans le choix d’un financement par Equity lines. Cette thèse prouve également que ces financements se retrouvent dans des entreprises à actionnariat managérial, dirigées par des hommes non enracinés, relativement âgés et moins diplômés, qui assurent la fonction de président du conseil d'administration. Nos travaux examinent enfin le contenu informationnel lors de l'annonce de l'émission d'Equity lines. Ils montrent que la réaction négative du marché autour de la date d'annonce, et la persistance de cet effet après la date d’annonce, soutient l’hypothèse de la signalisation d'informations privilégiées. Les différentes conclusions de cette thèse enrichissent le corpus de connaissances sur la structure du capital, la gouvernance d'entreprise et les marchés financiers. Mais les conséquences en termes de risques inhérents aux investissements utilisant cet instrument financier suscitent des interrogations à ce jour. Il s’agit notamment du risque de perte du capital investi, associé à une forte pression à la baisse sur le cours de l'action
Equity lines financing allows a manager to raise additional funds at any time during an agreed period to strengthen his or her equity. Little recent research has focused on this Equity lines financing mechanism and none on the determinants of capital structure, internal governance mechanisms, and the information content of equity markets. This thesis is structured around a set of interrelated research segments. It explores the use of Equity lines mechanisms to better understand the factors that motivate the use of this type of financing, by examining both the factors specific to companies and those related to their general environment. Our research shows that growth opportunities, liquidity, the degree of development of the stock market (maturity, experience of financial intermediaries, number of transactions, etc.) are the factors that determine the choice of Equity lines financing. This thesis also proves that male executives, who are not entrenched, relatively old and less educated, also serve as chairman of the board of companies with managerial shareholding. Our work evaluates the information content of the announcement of the Equity lines issue. We show that the negative market reaction around the announcement date, and the persistence of this effect after the announcement date, support the hypothesis of inside information reporting. The various findings of this thesis add to the body of knowledge on capital structure, corporate governance and financial markets. The consequences on the risks inherent in investments using this financial instrument are questionable. These include the risk of losing the capital invested, which is associated with strong downward pressure on the share price

In recent years the use of subscription lines of credit has increased exponentially, from $86.1 millions (2014) to $5.3 billions (2018). The rapid growth of the phe- nomenon of private equity funds using subscription lines of credit when acquiring companies (instead of directly making capital drawdowns from investors), has poor academic coverage. The phenomenon has been claimed by previous research to be a return manipulation technique that only benefits the general partner of the fund. The aim with this research is to increase transparency and to create knowledge about the impact and effects of using subscription lines of credit for both parties involved in a private equity deal. An extensive model is built based on the formula of a Geometric Brownian Motion, different subscription lines of credit strategies are evaluated by the performance of the fund and the returns distributed to each party. This in order to optimize the usage for both parties involved in a private equity fund.  The main result of this thesis is that private equity funds can achieve higher perfor- mance and increase the actual return distributed to both the limited partners and the general partner by using subscription lines of credit. These results go beyond previous research stating that using subscription lines of credit will increase the per- formance in terms of the measure Internal Rate of Return, without increasing the actual return distributed to the limited partners. Through this research strategies have been found that yield higher performance in terms of a several performance measures and at the same time increase the actual return made compared to the case of not using subscription lines of credit.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate why Linas Matkasse has greater success in terms of market share than Middagsfrid despite the similarities of their concepts. The study will also examine potential and existing customers' image of the brands and corporate brand awareness. Method: This study is based on a triangulation in which both quantitative and qualitative methods are treated in the form of personal interviews and a questionnaire survey. Theoretical perspectives: Four theories are addressed in this study and they treat the brand from different aspects. The theories process how to create value, personality dimensions, how companies should act and strategies around brand. Empiricism: The empirical material consists of five interviews, one of which was with the brand manager at Middagsfrid. Then two interviews were conducted with consumers of Linas Matkasse and two interviews with consumers of Middagsfrid. A questionnaire survey has also been conducted. In addition to this secondary data was gathered from the Internet and corporate websites to see how the companies promote themselves. Conclusion: The study shows that the brand is of more importance than the product when comparing the brands Linas Matkasse and Middagsfrid.

The times of following a ‘one brand – one product’ strategy have long past. Nowadays, firms are increasingly recognizing the true value of their brands and are starting to use these as a source of competitive advantage. By introducing new products under an existing brand name, firms leverage the power of their brands and thus, aim at benefiting from the success of the parent brand. Brands are amongst the most valuable assets owned by a company, which encourages them to engage in brand extensions. The authors mainly distinguish between three brand extension strategy types: line extension, vertical line extension and category extension.             Previous quantitative studies have identified that particularly brand equity and brand identity stand out as significantly influencing brand extension strategies. Therefore, this qualitative case study further explores how these two branding constructs affect firms’ brand extension decisions. While most past studies investigated the potential success of fictitious brands, this study performs qualitative interviews with brand and product managers of eight real case firms operating in the FMCG industry in Germany.             The empirical data indicates that the pressure to innovate rises, as more and more new extension products are being introduced to the market in recent years. Nevertheless, the majority of firms opt for line extension strategies, while only few dare to enter a further distanced market segment. Hence, the condition of a “fit” between the parent brand and extension product is mostly accounted for. The study further suggests that a brand without strong brand equity will not be able to perform brand extensions at any level. However, even if brands do benefit from strong brand equity, firms may adopt divergent strategies, which is mainly dependent on the brand’s identity. The research results show that narrowly defined brands, predominantly distinguishable by concrete product features and physical facets, restrict the firms’ capability to extend a brand beyond its original product line. Contrarily, brands with a more abstract or value based identity provide more opportunities to stretch further from the parent brand. An emotional brand that succeeds in building a relationship to the customer, in representing a distinct personality or telling a story, is able to extend to a new product category. The study concludes that certain brands may be under-exploited, as they do not leverage their high equity and identity capabilities in terms of extending the brand to a further distanced market segment.             As a result of the findings, two Brand Extension Strategy Matrices are constructed, setting the brand identity abstraction level (product or value based identity) into relation to (1) brand equity and (2) the identity “fit” of an extension product and the parent brand. Each of these two matrices explains the strategic consequences of a given set of brand equity and brand identity.

Food and media have become two popular aspects in todays society. The growing interest and commitment of food has resulted in companies offering prepared food bags that can be delivered to your doorstep. This study examines how the two companies ICAs matkasse and Linas matkasse use Instagram as a way to strengthen their external communication. By illustrating the communication through a recipient perspective and a content analysis, this study brings knowledge about organizations use of Instagram. The theory used as a basis for this study are mainly Kevin Lane Keller’s customer-based brand equity, communication theories such as Stuart Hall’s encoding/decoding and semiotic theories such as Roland Barthes mythology. The methods used were a qualitative content analysis to establish the brand equity of each organization, and focus group interviews to identify factors for customer perceptions on Instagram. The results of the study show that both the organizations studied used some posts on Instagram that were misinterpreted by the interview subjects. Other posts had great pictures, but the text didn't always match up, which led to the post being misleading. Linas matkasse tried to connect to their recipients, while ICAs matkasse had a more professional feeling and mostly advertised their products. The conclusions were that both organizations need to know their audience better and connect with them more by using a more interactive approach on Instagram.
Mat och media engagerar allt mer i dagens samhället, det växande intresset för mat har resulterat i att organisationer erbjuder matkassar som kan levereras direkt till din dörr. Den här studien undersöker hur de två organisationerna ICAs matkasse och Linas matkasse använder Instagram för att stärka sin externa kommunikation. Genom att belysa kommunikationen ur ett mottagarperspektiv och en innehållsanalys, bidrar denna studie med kunskaper kring hur organisationer använder sig av Instagram. De teorier som använts är framförallt Kevin Lane Kellers kundbaserade varumärkesvärde, kommunikationsteorier så som Stuart Halls kodning/avkodning och semiotiska teorier så som Roland Barthes mytologi. Metoderna som använts är en kvalitativ innehållsanalys för att etablera varumärkesvärdet hos vardera organisation, och fokusgruppsintervjuer för att identifiera mottagarnas uppfattningar på Instagram. Resultaten av studien är att båda organisationerna som undersökts använder inlägg på Instagram som misstolkades av intervjudeltagarna. Andra inlägg hade bra bilder med dålig koppling till texten vilket ledde till att inläggen var missvisande. Linas matkasse försökte skapa en relation med sina mottagare, medan ICAs matkasse hade en mer professionell känsla och främst marknadsförde sina produkter. Slutsatserna var att båda organisationerna behöver vara mer medvetna om vilka deras mottagare är och interagera med dem genom att använda ett mer interaktivt förhållningssätt på Instagram.

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 122-129).
The thesis seeks to provide an understanding of reasons for different outcomes of airport ground access projects. Five in-depth case studies (Hongkong, Tokyo-Narita, London- Heathrow, Chicago- O'Hare and Paris-Charles de Gaulle) and eight smaller case studies (Kuala Lumpur, Seoul, Shanghai-Pudong, Bangkok, Beijing, Rome- Fiumicino, Istanbul-Atatirk and Munich- Franz Josef Strauss) are conducted. The thesis builds on existing literature that compares airport-rail links by explicitly considering the influence of the institutional environment of an airport on its ground access situation and by paying special attention to recently opened dedicated airport expresses in Asia. It is found that sustained government support and a sense of urgency for better airport access are the main motivating forces that need to be present if a dedicated airport express is to be constructed. For these reasons a number of dedicated airport express systems were constructed in Asia (Hong Kong, Tokyo, Kuala Lumpur, Seoul, Shanghai, Bangkok), where they were conceived simultaneously with the airports they serve. In cases with less focused objectives (Chicago, Paris, Chicago) lengthy planning periods have not yet led to the construction of an airport-rail link. London was the first airport-rail link in the Western world and exhibited strong government support for rail investments during a period of generally favorable conditions, which jointly led to the construction of the Heathrow Express. Five of eight dedicated systems that are studied exhibit underestimation of ridership and underestimation of delivery time. The finding replicates for Asian examples (Hong Kong, Seoul, Bangkok, Shanghai) Flyvbjerg's (2009) observations on UK and US examples that transportation projects tend to systematically overestimate project benefits. The enduring and systematic overestimates of ridership hint at deliberate strategic misrepresentation rather than psychological optimism bias or technical error as reason for the erroneous estimates. Planners are advised to be aware of incentives for strategic misrepresentation among public and private agencies that prepare technical studies as basis for decision making. In a number of systems that have dedicated rail service to an airport and are generally considered successful, fierce competition from buses has emerged recently (Hong Kong, Tokyo, London). It is recommended to planners of airport-rail links today to consider realization through bus rapid transit on dedicated rights-of-way in addition to airport-rail links because of their lower cost, wider scope in dropoff and pick-up destinations and easier scalability of capacity in times of low demand.
by Julia Nickel.
S.M.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-gGraduação em Jornalismo, Florianópolis, 2016.
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Esta pesquisa analisa os modos como os sites de redes sociais são utilizados nos processos produtivos do radiojornalismo esportivo brasileiro. Realiza-se uma pesquisa empírica e exploratória com estudo de caso. O objetivo foi identificar e problematizar os usos das redes sociais na equipe esportiva das rádios Globo e CBN São Paulo. O rádio está em constante adaptação às transformações das comunicações, em especial às decorrentes de inovações tecnológicas. No atual cenário de convergência midiática, com mais e novas ferramentas ao seu dispor, o radiojornalismo viu suas rotinas produtivas mudarem, com a digitalização das redações e modificações nas formas de recepção do conteúdo radiofônico. Inserida nesse contexto, esta investigação fundamenta-se no aporte teórico-metodológico da Teoria do Newsmaking, com foco nos processos de produção da equipe esportiva. Para o estudo de caso recorreu-se às técnicas de análise de conteúdo, trabalho de campo nas redações e entrevistas em profundidade com profissionais da equipe.

Abstract : This research analyzes the ways how social networking sites are used in the production processes of the Brazilian sports radio journalism. Carried out an empirical and exploratory research with case study. The goal was to identify and discuss the use of social networks in the sports team of the radio stations Globo and CBN São Paulo. The radio is constantly adapting to the changes of communications, particularly those resulting from technological innovations. In the current scenario of media convergence, with more and new tools at their disposal, the radio journalism has seen its production routines change, with the digitization of newsrooms and changes in the forms of reception of radio content. Inserted in this context, this research is based on theoretical and methodological support of Newsmaking theory, focusing on the sports team production processes. For the case study resorted to the content analysis techniques, field work in newsrooms and in-depth interviews with radio professionals.

This thesis examines how New Labour policymakers and Black and Minority Ethnic (BME)-led race equality organisations articulated and connected themes of nation, multiculture and ‘race’ equality in policy discourse and discussions over the New Labour period. My study extends previous accounts of New Labour and multicultural discourses by incorporating the significant, but not always influential, role of BME civil society actors in such policy discussions. My research draws on documents and archival material from and interviews with policymakers and race equality actors. I analyse this data using a qualitative thematic approach to discern changing policy discourses and claims about the state of the multicultural nation and the place of race equality within it. In the study I suggest that, after a promising start, New Labour policymakers came to understand the relationship between nation, multiculture and race equality as a troubled and troubling one. At the same time, the three BME-led race equality organisations that I focus on in my research struggled to counter government discourses of parallel lives, community cohesion and Britishness that were detrimental to efforts to combat race inequality. Policy and policy discursive interventions of BME-led race equality organisations were thrown off course not only by New Labour but also by ‘new ethnicities’, and the idea of complex and diverse BMEness’. BME-led organisations have struggled to engage with this latter destabilisation, let alone develop a politics capable of overcoming such issues. I therefore end my thesis by suggesting that, if BME-led race equality organisations are to shape policy debates on race equality, there is much hard labour and re-thinking about BMEness and re-organising for them still to do.

I have been cast as "Bobby" in A Chorus Line at Orlando Broadway Dinner Theatre in Orlando. I will use this opportunity as my thesis role. As part of my thesis defense, I will combine an analysis of the character of "Bobby" in A Chorus Line with an assessment of Actors' Equity Association's audition policies from 1970 to the present, and investigate whether the audition held in the show abides by the policies established by AEA for Broadway calls. "Bobby" has an interesting arc of development as he actually gives the director what he (the director) does not want, yet is still cast in the fictitious Broadway show. Why he would choose to stray from the director's instructions is an interesting question and demanding study. To facilitate my research on the character (aside from script and score analysis), I will interview Thommie Walsh (about for whom the role was written and the original "Bobby" on Broadway) as well as other men who have played the role to get insights into the character that will enhance my performance. Mr. Walsh will also elaborate on his real-life relationship with Michael Bennett and how that compares and contrasts with the relationship between "Bobby" and "Zach." I also will interview as many of the original cast members as possible (namely Baayork Lee) to get contributing memories and anecdotal evidence from the original production. A Chorus Line captures the one element all performers experience – the audition. The audition process has changed over the years, and I will focus on the development of protocol from the early 1970's (when A Chorus Line takes place) to the present. I will explore the manner in which the process has evolved and what A Chorus Line's contribution was (if any) to that process. This show has become so much a part of the musical theatre vernacular that historical exploration of procedures would also clarify how this work was structured. Were actors subjected to that intense style of audition on a huge stage in the early 1970s? Are they still today? My research will trace the history and rules governing auditions, performers and staff as delineated by Actors' Equity Association. I will also include a comparison of Equity to the variety of non-Equity auditions. Other sources will include rulebooks from AEA and interviews with dancers (past and present), AEA staff and Patrick Quinn, President of AEA.
M.F.A.
Department of Theatre
Arts and Sciences
Theatre

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2005.
Title from document title page (viewed on November 18, 2005). Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 222 p. : ill. Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 200-220).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2006.
1 electronic text (153 p.) : digital, PDF file. Title from title screen. Jaye Atkinson, committee chair; Cynthia Hoffner, Yuki Fujioka, Merrill Morris, Elisabeth Burgess, committee members. Description based on contents viewed Mar. 26, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-135).

The aim of this thesis is to study the risk for two Swedish companies, Axfood and Volvo. To test the required return on equity, a bottom-up beta approach and a CAPM regression beta are used. This thesis concludes that the bottom-up beta gives a truer reflection and a more updated beta value than a CAPM regression beta on the firm’s current business mix, the CAPM beta takes only the past stock prices into consideration. The empirical results for Volvo conclude that the levered bottom-up beta is 1.09 and the CAPM β is 0.52 for Volvo. The empirical results for Axfood which is categorized as consumer goods sector implies that the levered bottom-up beta is 0.87 while the CAPM regression beta is 0.29.

This thesis is comprised of three distinct chapters, each of which is concerned in some way with the measurement of poverty. The first chapter provides social preference conditions which are both necessary and sufficient for a poverty line to arise endogenously. In so doing, it turns out that the apparently independent 'identification' and 'aggregation' problems in poverty measurement are subtly intertwined. Necessary and sufficient conditions are provided for the existence of both relative and absolute poverty lines. In each case, one of the conditions is a familiar weak monotonicity property. The other conditions are simple consistency requirements.In the second chapter, we propose classes of intertemporal poverty measures which take into account both the debilitating impact of prolonged spells in poverty and the mitigating effect of periods of affluence on subsequent poverty. The weight assigned to the level of poverty in each time period depends on the length of the preceding spell of poverty or of non-poverty. The proposed classes of intertemporal poverty measures are quite general and allow for a range of possible judgements as to the overall impact on a poor period of preceding spells of poverty or affluence. We discuss the properties of the proposed classes of measures and axiomatically characterize them.The third chapter is an empirical application of the intertemporal poverty measures proposed in the second chapter. The new measures, together with an existing intertemporal poverty measure from the literature, are used to analyse intertemporal poverty in Great Britain during the period 1991-2005, using data from the British Household Panel Survey. Previous studies on poverty using this data-set have employed static measures of poverty. We illustrate how the use of intertemporal poverty measures makes it possible to analyse aspects of poverty which cannot be captured by static, annual, measures of poverty. We then model the determinants of intertemporal poverty, conditional upon being poor, using a Heckman two-step selection model.

Previous studies of interracial couples' residential outcomes in the United States have limited their focus to a truncated selection of interracial couple-types. To provide a more complete understanding of the residential patterns of interracial couples and how they fit into the contemporary color line, I assess an expanded set of interracial and monoracial couple-types' outcomes in percentage White, entropy, and neighborhood income. I do this by employing multiple OLS regression analysis using data from the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act from 2005 to 2015. My results suggest that different types of interracial couples follow residential patterns that are distinctive from those of monoracial White couples and in many instances, from those of their monoracial couple-type counterparts.

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No trabalho da enfermagem faz-se necessário apreender a multidimensionalidade do sujeito-trabalhador, na busca pela integração do seu pensar, agir e sentir para o resgate do respeito e, consequentemente, do reconhecimento de sua subjetividade. As competências relacionais e a relação interpessoal são consideradas como o pilar da enfermagem e reconhecidas como a competência diferenciadora. Dessa forma, em Enfermagem o saber-fazer incorpora em si o saber-fazer relacional, desenvolvidos essencialmente pela relação interpessoal que se estabelece nas equipes de saúde. O presente estudo teve como objetivo geral conhecer a ressignificação da Teoria dos Vínculos Profissionais enquanto uma tecnologia de gestão relacional atribuída pelos enfermeiros. Esta dissertação é uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória fundamentada na Teoria Histórico-cultural de Lev Vygotsky e na Teoria dos Vínculos Profissionais de Maira Buss Thofehrn e Maria Tereza Leopardi, foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa local sob o parecer consubstanciado 110.4100 (CAAE 45134815.0.0000.5316). Foi desenvolvida com os enfermeiros de um Hospital geral do município de Pelotas, no Rio Grande do Sul. Participaram do estudo 08(oito) enfermeiros e a coleta de dados foi por meio da técnica de grupo focal, com auxílio de gravador e diário de campo. Aconteceram 05 (cinco) encontros, no período de agosto a setembro de 2015. Os dados foram analisados através da Proposta Operativa de Minayo, e emergiram as seguintes categorias temáticas: tecnologias no processo de trabalho em enfermagem: percepção dos enfermeiros; conhecendo os vínculos afetivos e profissionais no trabalho dos enfermeiros; fragilidades e potencialidades nas relações de trabalho: visão dos enfermeiros; Teoria dos Vínculos Profissionais: ressignificando conceitos como resultado da práxis de enfermagem; tecnologia de gestão relacional: vislumbrando um instrumento de gestão para o trabalho em equipe. Na análise de discussão dos resultados, os dados apontaram que a tecnologia dura e levedura foram compreendidas pelos participantes, a fim de não as banalizar ou supervalorizá-las em detrimento das relações interpessoais que se estabelece no interior das equipes de enfermagem. Percebeu-se que há conflitos que permeiam o fazer em enfermagem, gerados pelas questões institucionais e internas dos próprios grupos de trabalho, que necessitam ser discutidas coletivamente, por meio de uma liderança participativa e democrática, exercida pelo enfermeiro. Para tanto, os vínculos profissionais somente podem ser constituídos quando o grupo apresentar abertura para as mudanças e comprometimento com o trabalho e com o colega de equipe, tornando com isso, as relações interpessoais saudáveis. Compreendem que a espiritualidade auxilia no autoconhecimento das pessoas fazendo-as entenderem melhor os outros, por meio da empatia. Um aspecto relevante que emergiu no estudo, foi o fato da necessidade de apoio psicológico para as equipes de enfermagem, quando surgem as adversidades no grupo. A reflexão sobre a saúde do trabalhador foi um aspecto interessante, já que para cuidar o trabalhador deve estar e sentir-se bem com e para com os outros. Ao se conhecer os vínculos afetivos e profissionais ficou evidente que ainda há cumplicidade, atenciosidade, cooperação, e amizade que envolve o grupo de trabalho, promovendo momentos de confraternização e alegria. Portanto, formou-se um caminho que levou a ressignificação da Teoria dos Vínculos Profissionais por parte dos enfermeiros junto as suas equipes, que culminou na construção coletiva dos conceitos de: processo de integração, processo de comunicação e competência profissional. Ao final, após a ressignificação da Teoria dos Vínculos Profissionais a mesma foi considerada uma Tecnologia de Gestão Relacional, pois favoreceu vínculos saudáveis no interior das equipes de enfermagem culminando na construção coletiva do seu conceito por parte dos enfermeiros.
In the nursing work it is necessary to learn the multidimensionality of the subject worker, in the search for integration of his thinking, acting and feeling in order to rescue the respect and, consequently, of the recognizing of his subjectivity. The relational competencies and the interpersonal relationships are considered the pillar of nursing and they are recognized as the distinctive competency. In doing so, in Nursing, the know-how incorporates in itself the relational know-how, developed essentially by the interpersonal relationship that is established in health teams. The present study had as general aim to get to know the resignification of the Theory of Professional Links as a relational management technology set by nurses. This dissertation is a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research based on Lev Vygotsky Cultural-Historical Theory and on the Theory of Professional Links of Maira Buss Thofehrn and Maria Tereza Leopardi Theory. It was approved by the local Research Ethics Committee under the consolidated opinion 110.4100 (CAAE 45134815.0.0000.5316) and it was developed with nurses of a general hospital in a city in the south of Rio Grande do Sul. 08 (eight) nurses participated of the study and the data collection was made through focus group technique, with assistance of recorder and field journal. There were 05 (five) meetings in the period from August to September of 2015. The data were analyzed through Minayo Operation Proposal and the following thematic categories emerged: technologies in the process of nursing work: perception of nurses; knowing the affective and professionals bonds in the work of nurses; fragilities and potentialities in labor relations: nurses’ view; Theory of Professional Links: resignifying concepts as a result of nursing praxis; relational management technology: realizing a management tool for teamwork. In the analysis of the results discussion, the data pointed that the hard and light-hard technology were understood by the participants, in order to not trivialize or overvalue them at the expense of interpersonal relations that is established within the nursing staffs. It was noticed that there are conflicts that permeate the doing in nursing, generated by institutional and internal issues of the own working groups that need to be collectively discussed through a participatory and democratic leadership, exercised by the nurse. Therefore, the professional links can only be constituted when the group presents openness to change and commitment to work and to the teammate, making, thus, the interpersonal relationships healthy. They understand that spirituality helps in the self-knowledge of the people, making them better understand others through empathy. A relevant aspect that emerged from the study was the necessity of psychological support for the nursing staff when the adversities in the group arise. The reflection on the worker's health was an interesting aspect, since, to care, the worker must be and feel good with and for others. When you know the affective and professionals bonds it became evident that there is complicity, attentiveness, cooperation and friendship involving the working group, promoting moments of celebration and joy. Therefore, it formed a path that led to the resignification of the Theory of Professional Links by nurses with their teams, which culminated in the collective construction of the concepts of: integration process, communication process and professional competence. Finally, after the resignification of the Theory of Professional Links, it was considered a Relational Management Technology, since it favored healthy bonds within nursing staffs resulting in the collective construction of its concept by nurses.

The leaders of all countries of each sector and level of society are compelled to work together to address [social and environmental] challenges by maintaining sustainable human development and ensuring that the benefits of globalization are shared more widely. It is in the interests of businesses that these benefits continue both for companies and for others in society.   The Venture Capital is a financial capital provided to the startup firms in their early stages which has a high potential for growth but also entail high risk. The Venture capital firms typically look for new and small businesses with a perceived long term growth potential that will result in a high payout for investors. Venture capital is a subset of private equity of the firms. On other hand, Private equity is an asset class consisting of equity securities, which are not quoted in the stock market. An investment in private equity most often involves either an investment of capital in a mature firms as well as buyout firms.             The purpose of this study is to explore the gap between UK and U.S venture capital and private equity firms on the base of ESG criteria into investment decision making process. To find a relationship between venture capital and private equity firms mainstream investment with ESG criteria and also highlight new trends and the issues, which are potential barrier of ESG criteria implementation in UK and US firms. The authors used different academic literature, previous studies to find a gap and a relationship of ESG criteria into mainstream investment decision making process in UK and U.S firms.   The research is based on both primary & secondary data under descriptive nature of study. A technique with the name of content analysis was used to collect the quantitative data from the U.K and U.S Venture Capital and Private Equity firms. These firms are further categorized in the sample size under the umbrella of clean tech and non-clean tech. Total sample size is 120 firms (60 VC & 60 PE), where 56 are clean tech and 64 are Non-clean tech firms. The find a relationship between variables regression analysis technique is used through SPSS for verifying the validity and variability of collected Data.   We found that, an ESG criterion is on development stage, and there is no such technique and standards that are developed by the venture capital and private equity firms. We found, that firms are mostly focusing on responsible investment strategy; it is somehow same like whole ESG for purpose of their investment screening process. We found that ESG consideration in some UK and U.S venture capital and private equity firms exist, but vary from firms to firms. Some firms are considering just one factor while some other firms consider more than one.  Large firms have more focus on ESG as compared to small firms; due to the nature of business and size, and number of employees, focus is only limited towards investment options and development of strategies for the firm. The result of this study interpret that the U.S firms are focusing more on investment returns, and pay less attention towards ESG as compared to U.K firms, Where UK Venture capital and private equity firms results shows that, they are more focused towards ESG and feel free to incorporate ESG criteria into their investment strategies without incurring any cost in terms of risk and returns.

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In the western macro region of the State of Paraná was created, on February 2014, a High Complexity Assistance Service for Individual with Obesity at the University Hospital of Western Paraná. Because it is a relatively new service, it is important to know the profile of the patients and their motivations as well as the path taken by them in the search for treatment of obesity. For this purpose, the objective was: To characterize the socio-demographic profile of the registered patients; Analyze the health care demand behavior of patients; Describe the process of creating and deploying the service. The research was characterized as exploratory and descriptive and used quantitative and qualitative analytic procedures. The demographic profile of the patients was identified based on information obtained from the service database. The health care demand behavior was analyzed from Kleinman’s reference point which defends the interference of three subsystems in the Therapeutic Itinerary taken by people in search of a solution to health problems: family, popular and professional. Twenty-one of the 75 active patients in the service were interviewed, one from each municipality. For the description of the service two of its creators were interviewed; for the perceptions of the patients regarding the changes that occurred in their implementation through interviews. A total of 148 patients registered: 18.25% male and 81.75% female; 85% in the age group between 30 and 59 years old, from 38 different municipalities. The onset of obesity occurred, to 40.54%, in childhood and adolescence, and to 32.43% between 20 and 30 years. The obesity degree, according to the Body Mass Index, was grade III, for 59.46% of the cases, and grade IV for 25.0%. The waiting time for specialized care in obesity was less than one year, for 8.11%; more than three years, for 25.00%; and more than five years or more, for 5.4%. There were 53 different occupations, and the most reported were: housewives, with 25.0% and retired people, with 7.45% of the cases. In the family subsystem, it was observed family and friends support in the search for clinical treatment for obesity; few patients adhered to alternative treatments, typical of the popular subsystem; and the intervention/orientation of health professionals (professional subsystem) has proved to be decisive in the search for obesity specialized treatment. It was observed, in the process of implementing the service, a strong link between the health team and users; 99.8% considered the service from very good to excellent. It was concluded that the organization of the overweight and obesity care line in the Network for Health Care of People with Chronic Diseases is fundamental to reduce the waiting time in specialized services; it would prevent overweight and reduce gain weight speed, while avoiding advanced degrees of obesity. Knowing the Therapeutic Itinerary of patients with obesity, accompanied in specialized services, is important to rethink the practices and approaches, in the different levels of the system and for the prevention and treatment of this public health problem. And humanization in health makes it possible to look at each subject in its specificity.
Na macrorregião oeste do Estado do Paraná foi criado, em fevereiro de 2014, o Serviço de Assistência de Alta Complexidade ao Indivíduo com Obesidade do Hospital Universitário do Oeste do Paraná. Por se tratar de um serviço relativamente novo, é importante conhecer o perfil dos pacientes atendidos e suas motivações bem como o caminho percorrido pelos mesmos na busca por tratamento da obesidade. Para tanto, objetivaram-se: Caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico dos pacientes cadastrados; Analisar o comportamento de procura de cuidados de saúde dos pacientes; e Descrever o processo de criação e implementação do serviço. A pesquisa caracterizou-se como exploratória e descritiva e utilizou procedimentos de análise quantitativos e qualitativos. O perfil demográfico dos pacientes foi identificado com base em informações obtidas no banco de dados do serviço. O comportamento de procura de cuidados de saúde foi analisado a partir do referencial de Kleinman, que defende a interferência de três subsistemas no Itinerário Terapêutico percorrido pelas pessoas na busca de solução para problemas de saúde: familiar, popular e profissional. Foram entrevistados 21, dos 75 pacientes ativos no serviço, um de cada município. Para a descrição do serviço entrevistaram-se dois de seus idealizadores; paraa percepção dos pacientes quanto às mudanças ocorridas na sua implementação através de entrevistas. Total de 148 pacientes cadastrados: 18,25% do sexo masculino e 81,75%, feminino; 85% deles na faixa entre 30 e 59 anos, oriundos de 38 diferentes municípios. O início da obesidade ocorreu, para 40,54%, na infância e adolescência, e para 32,43%, entre 20 e 30 anos. O grau de obesidade, de acordo com o Índice de Massa Corporal, foi de grau III, para 59,46% dos casos, e de grau IV para 25,0%. O tempo de espera por atendimento especializado em obesidade foi inferior a um ano, para 8,11%; superior a três anos, para 25,00%; e superior a cinco anos ou mais, para 5,4%. Registraram-se 53 diferentes ocupações, sendo as mais relatadas: do lar, com 25,00% e aposentado, com 7,45% dos casos. No subsistema familiar, observou-se apoio da família e amigos na busca de tratamento clínico para a obesidade; poucos pacientes aderiram a tratamentos alternativos, próprios do subsistema popular; e a intervenção/orientação de profissionais da saúde (subsistema profissional) mostrou-se decisiva na busca por tratamento especializado para a obesidade. Observou-se, no processo de implementação do serviço, um forte vínculo entre equipe de saúde e usuários; 99,8% consideraram o serviço de muito bom a excelente. Concluiu-se que a organização da linha de cuidado do sobrepeso e da obesidade na Rede de Atenção à Saúde das Pessoas com Doenças Crônicas é fundamental para reduzir o tempo de espera nos atendimentos em serviços especializados: preveniria o sobrepeso e reduziria a velocidade do ganho de peso, evitando-se os graus mais avançados da obesidade. Conhecer o Itinerário Terapêutico de pacientes com obesidade, acompanhados em serviços especializados, é importante para se repensarem as práticas e abordagens, nos diferentes níveis do sistema e para a prevenção e tratamento desse problema de saúde pública. E a humanização em saúde possibilita olhar cada sujeito em sua especificidade.

In this bachelor thesis we research and discuss a theme that has been the focus for many feminist figures and groups in both older and recent content where they clash together in an effort to find a solution to a problem that has been plaguing our society. The problem being; a lack in diversity inside Game development companies and creation, thus our question becomes; how can We include or encourage more women to enter the digital world and participate in programming and game making. The methods that has been chosen for this thesis range from Critical Design: to design and create a unique game of our own, Interviews: to question women from different backgrounds and ages to find out what they want/wish for regarding games, to Kanban: where we use it to get our project together. All while linking this entire thesis to Situated Knowledge concept where we dive in deeper to what it means in the discussion part and how in our results we discoverer a way that we individually can use to change the gaming industry and its involvement.
I det här kandidatarbetet undersökes det ett problem som har varit centrum för många feministiska figurer och grupper i båda äldre och senaste innehåll där man har försökt på flera år och sätt att hitta lösning till; vilket är brist på mångfald inom spelutvecklingsföretag och skapandet, särskild när det gäller kvinnor. Då vår fråga blev; hur kan vi inkludera eller uppmuntra fler kvinnor att komma in i den digitala världen och delta i programmering samt spelframställning. Metoderna som har valts för denna avhandling sträcker sig från Critical Design: Att utforma och skapa ett unikt spel med hjälp av konceptet. Intervjuer: Fråga kvinnor från olika bakgrunder och åldrar för att ta reda på vad de vill / önskar med avseende på spel, till Kanban: där vi använder det här projektmetoden för att få vårt projekt ihop. Samtidigt kopplas hela arbetet till Situated-knowledge konceptet där vi fördjupar oss i om vad det betyder i diskussionsdelen med sambandet av resultat där upptäcker vi en väg/ potentiell lösning som kan användas enskild för att förändra spelbranschen.

Leasingen har ökat under de senare åren. Den har använts som ett alternativt finansieringssätt för många företag. Genom leasing kan företagen undvika lån eller bundet kapital vid investering. Detta medför flexibilitet och ekonomiska fördelar. Enligt IAS 17 klassificeras leasing med två redovisningssätt, operationellt och finansiellt leasingavtal. Ett operationellt avtal betyder en konstant kostnad över leasingtiden i resultaträkningen. Det finansiella leasingavtalet redovisas med en avskrivning och en ränta i resultaträkningen samt en skuld och en tillgång i balansräkningen. Redovisningsskillnaden mellan avtalen medför problem då operationell leasing redovisas utanför balansräkningen "off-balance-sheet". Den operationella redovisningen ger inte investerare och analytiker en rättvisande bild om företagets finansiella ställning. Med anledning av detta har IASB och FASB tvingats utveckla en ny och omarbetad leasingstandard (IFRS 16). Standarden är tänkt att eliminera redovisningsskillnaderna och därmed öka jämförbarheten. Den främsta förändringen i den nya leasingstandarden är att leasingavtal, som är mer än 12 månader, ska redovisas som den nuvarande finansiella leasingen där tillgången tas upp som en tillgång och en skuld i balansräkningen. Syftet är att undersöka förändringen av företagens finansiella ställning före och efter en kapitalisering, vid ett byte från IAS 17 till IFRS 16. Kapitaliseringen innebär ökade skulder och tillgångar i balansräkningen. Rapporten ska undersöka hur balansräkningen förändras. Kapitaliseringen påverkar även resultaträkningen genom avskrivningar och räntekostnader. Dessa förändringar i resultaträkningen ska också undersökas. Tidigare forskning visar att företagens storlek och bransch kan få olika effekt vid en kapitalisering. Syftet är därför att kartlägga kapitaliseringseffekten mellan olika branscher samt beskriva effektskillnaderna mellan företagens storlek, samt söka samband dem emellan. Undersökningen visade att effekten på företagens finansiella rapporter var varierande, där resultaträkningen hade en mindre effekt än balansräkningen. Kapitaliseringen ledde till en kraftig skuldökning samt en mindre ökning på tillgångssidan, som i sin tur gav olika effekt på nyckeltalen. Skuldsättningsgraden och soliditeten påverkades mest, i jämförelse med de andra nyckeltalen i undersökningen. Gällande branscher och företagsstorlek är det Consumer Services och Small Cap, som totalt sett påverkades mest. Detta medför att företagens egenskaper och storlek hade betydelse vid en kapitalisering.

Il s'agit d'une contribution dans le domaine de la géométrie métrique du plan projectif complexe CP2 et de la variété de Grassmann réelle des plans dans R6. On s'intéresse à l'étude de tous les p-uplets, p ≥ 3, de droites équiangulaires dans C3 et des p-uplets de plans équi-isoclins dans R6. Sachant que 9 est le nombre maximum de droites équiangulaires que l'on peut construire dans C3, on décrit une méthode qui permet de construire tous les p-uplets de droites équiangulaires pour tout pϵ[3,9]. En particulier, on construit dans C3 cinq classes de congruence de quadruplets de droites équiangulaires dont une dépend d'un paramètre réel ɣ que l'on étend à une famille infinie de sextuplets de droites équiangulaires dépendant du même paramètre réel ɣ. En outre, on donne les angles pour lesquels nos sextuplets s'étendent au-delà et jusqu'aux 9-uplets. On sait qu'il existe un p-uplet, p≥3, de plans équi-isoclins engendrant Rr, r≥4, de paramètre c, 0
This work contributes to the field of metric geometry of the complex projective plane CP2 and the real Grassmannian manifold of the planes in R6. More specifically, we study all p-tuples, p ≥ 3, of equiangular lines in C3 or equidistant points in CP2, and p-tuples of equi-isoclinic planes in R6. Knowing that 9 is the maximum number of equiangular lines that can be constructed in C3, we develop a method to obtain all p-tuples of equiangular lines for all p ϵ [3,9]. In particular, we construct in C3 five congruence classes of quadruples of equiangular lines, one of which depends on a real parameter ɣ, which we extend to an infinite family of sextuples of equiangular lines depending on the same real parameter ɣ. In addition, we give the angles for which our sextuples extend beyond and up to 9-tuples. We know that there exists a p-tuple, p ≥ 3, of equi-isoclinic planes generating Rr, r ≥ 4, with parameter c, 0< c <1, if and only if there exists a square symmetric matrix, called Seidel matrix, of p × p square blocks of order 2, whose diagonal blocks are all zero and the others are orthogonal matrices in O(2) and whose smallest eigenvalue is equal to - 1/c and has multiplicity 2p-r. In this thesis, we investigate the case r=6 and we also show that we can explicitly determine the spectrum of all Seidel matrices of order 2p, p ≥ 3 whose off-diagonal blocks are in {R0, S0} where R0 and S0 are respectively the zero-angle rotation and the zero-angle symmetry. We thus show an unexpected link between some p-tuples of equi-isoclinic planes in Rr and simple graphs of order p

Un dels problemes més importants en la Compatibilitat Electromagnètica és el control de les interferències emeses i/o rebudes per un equip electrònic a través dels seus terminals d'alimentació monofàsica. Aquestes interferències es classifiquen en mode comú i mode diferencial. La manera més usual de mitigar-les és mitjançant la utilització de filtres de xarxa. Els mètodes actuals de disseny de filtres de xarxa tracten la mitigació d'aquest tipus d'interferències per separat: no tenen en compte que ambdós tipus de senyals (mode comú i diferencial) interaccionen entre sí i es transfereixen energia en qualsevol tipus d'asimetria originada pels equips electrònics o pels mateixos filtres. Aquest fet produeix freqüentment situacions inesperades: inefectivitat dels filtres de xarxa, aparició d'interferències en mode comú o diferencial inexplicables per la topologia dels circuits, selectivitat en freqüència del filtratge de les interferències, processos de radiació, etc. Aquest tipus de situacions poden ser analitzades i corregides a partir d'un anàlisi multimodal, que tingui en compte simultàniament el mode comú i el diferencial, i la seva interacció. El treball exposat aquí pretén:
- Desenvolupar sistemes de mesura multimodal per a equips electrònics i filtres de xarxa. Aquests sistemes han de tenir en compte tant el mode comú, com el diferencial, com la seva interacció, i han de millorar les prestacions dels sistemes de mesura normatius actuals.
- Trobar models equivalents des d'un punt de vista multimodal (tenint en compte simultàniament el mode comú, el diferencial i la seva interacció) tant d'equips electrònics com de filtres de xarxa.
- Desenvolupar una metodologia de predicció de les interferències conduïdes que l'equip electrònic subministra a la xarxa elèctrica a través del filtre de xarxa al qual es troba connectat a partir dels models multimodals equivalents proposats per a ambdós dispositius.
PARAULES CLAU: Compatibilitat electromagnètica, filtre de xarxa, equip electrònic, circuit equivalent, emissió conduïda, mode comú, mode diferencial, impedància d'entrada, paràmetres S.
Uno de los problemas más importantes en Compatibilidad Electromagnética es el control de las interferencias emitidas y/o recibidas por un equipo electrónico a través de sus terminales de alimentación monofásica. Estas interferencias se clasifican en modo común y modo diferencial. La manera más usual de mitigarlas es mediante el empleo de filtros de red. Los métodos actuales de diseño de filtros de red abordan la mitigación de este tipo de interferencias por separado: no tienen en cuenta que ambos tipos de señales (modo común y diferencial) interaccionan entre sí y se transfieren energía en cualquier tipo de asimetría originada por los equipos electrónicos o por los mismos filtros. Este hecho produce frecuentemente situaciones inesperadas: inefectividad de los filtros de red, aparición de interferencias en modo común o diferencial inexplicables por la topología de los circuitos, selectividad en frecuencia del filtrado de las interferencias, procesos de radiación, etc. Este tipo de situaciones pueden ser analizadas y corregidas a partir de un análisis multimodal, que tenga en cuenta simultáneamente el modo común y el diferencial, y su interacción. El trabajo aquí expuesto pretende:
- Desarrollar sistemas de medida multimodal para equipos electrónicos y filtros de red. Dichos sistemas deben tener en cuenta tanto el modo común, como el diferencial, como su interacción, y deben mejorar las prestaciones de los sistemas de medida normativos actuales.
- Hallar modelos equivalentes desde un punto de vista multimodal (teniendo en cuenta simultáneamente el modo común, el diferencial y su interacción) tanto de equipos electrónicos como de filtros de red.
- Desarrollar una metodología de predicción de las interferencias conducidas que el equipo electrónico suministra a la red eléctrica a través del filtro de red al cual está conectado a partir de los modelos multimodales equivalentes propuestos para ambos dispositivos.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Compatibilidad electromagnética, filtro de red, equipo electrónico, circuito equivalente, emisión conducida, modo común, modo diferencial, impedancia de entrada, parámetros S.
One of the most important problems in EMC is the control of the common and differential mode interferences emitted or received by an electronic device through its single phase power-line cable. These interferences are mitigated using power-line filters. The present power-line filter methodologies treat separately the mitigation of this kind of interferences: they do not take into account that both modes interact and exchange energy at any kind of asymmetry originated by the devices connected to the power-line, or by the power-line filters themselves. This fact leads to unexpected situations: power-line filter infectivity, appearance of common and differential mode interferences not accountable by the circuit topology, frequency selectivity of the interferences, radiation processes, etc. This kind of situations can be analyzed and corrected using multimodal analysis, which takes into account at the same time the common mode, the differential mode and their interaction. This project aims to:
- Develop accurate multimodal measurement systems for both electronic devices and power-line network filters. They have to consider the common and differential modes, and their interaction, and have to improve the features of present normative measurement systems.
- Derive equivalent models from a multimodal point of view (taking into account simultaneously the common mode, the differential mode and their interaction) for both electronic devices and power-line filters.
- Develop a methodology for predicting the level of conducted emissions that an electronic device supplies to the power-line network through the power-line filter to which it is connected, using the equivalent multimodal models proposed for both devices.
KEYWORDS: Electromagnetic compatibility, power-line filter, electronic device, equivalent circuit, conducted emissions, common mode, differential mode, input impedance, S parameters.

This equity research report looks to provide context to an equity valuation of US-based airline Delta Air Lines, Inc. (DAL:NYSE). The report goes over the past performance of the Delta and its US-based peers while providing some insights on the company's operation. Afterwards, it reflects on the current industry conditions, where the COVID-19 pandemic takes the centre stage on the analysis. Finally, the report identifies future trends for the US airline market.

In 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic brought the world economy to a halt. As a result, share prices in the airline industry fell , possibly creating interesting investment opportunities for investors. The aim of this equity research report is to explore the value drivers of US-based airline Delta Air Lines, Inc. (DAL:NYSE). The analysis was based the company's financial statements filed quarterly to the SEC . At the end of the report, there is a action recommendation based on the intrinsic value of the equity.

This equity research report will first be focusing on the North American Arline industry, analyzing its current form, as well as looking at industry’s opportunities and threats ahead. On top of this, an outlook over the airline industry will also be presented in order to give the investors an accurate view of the present and the future. A further analysis will then be conducted with regards do Delta AirLines Inc. (DAL:NYSE), applying the previous research to provide a fair valuation for the group, resulting in an sustained recommendation of whether an investor should consider invest in DAL, or not.

碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
航運管理學系
92
To minimize costs and maximize profits, the merger and acquisition of companies in the competitive shipping industry has been a common practice in Taiwan. In this respect, how much does a company cost? In addition to tangible assets, it is also necessary to take into consideration intangible assets, such as brand equity. In the highly competitive liner shipping market, is there any difference between brand names in the minds of consumers? If there is, exactly how different are the brand names? This paper focuses on the methods of evaluating the intangible brand equity in an objective manner. From the view point of consumers (ocean freight forwarders), the research studies the preferences, attitudes, and willingness of purchase toward liner shipping service providers. Using conjoint analysis, the research establishes an evaluation model to assess relative brand equity between four liner shipping operators: EVERGREEN MARINE CORP., YANG MING MARINE TRANSPORT CORP., MAERSK SEALAND, and HANJIN SHIPPING. Relative brand equity value is calculated by using Maersk as a benchmark. The study findings show that compared with the benchmark MAERSK SEALAND , EVERGREEN MARINE CORP. overall brand equity is worth US$55.3782, YANG MING MARINE TRANSPORT CORP. US$48.3808, and HANJIN SHIPPING US$–248.5410. To ocean freight forwarders, EVERGREEN MARINE CORP. enjoys the highest relative brand equity value, YANG MING MARINE TRANSPORT CORP. ranks the second, MAERSK SEALAND and HANJIN SHIPPING are the third and the fourth respectively.

Background: After independence education was declared one of the inviolable fundamental human rights of all persons entrenched in the Supreme Law of the country, the Constitution of the Republic of Namibia. It is an irrefutable fact proven by a number of research findings and confirmed by educational theorists and decided cases that appropriate and quality early childhood education is a foundation of all levels of education. In Namibia currently, public early childhood development and education is provided by community members in Early Childhood Development Community Centres in both rural and urban areas. It is against this background that the purpose of the study on which this research report is based was to determine, through stakeholder participants’ eyes, how the presumed right to education of the pre- grade one learners in rural early childhood development and education community centres (ECDECCs) in Northern Namibia is adhered to. Research Design and Methodology: The study was based on a qualitative interpretive hybrid case study of four (including pilot study) rural ECDECCs, review of early childhood development and education literature, legal literature, relevant legislation, case law, regulations, policies and International Human Right Instruments conducted before and after conducting research in the field. Empirical data were collected through semi-structured individual (one on one) face to face interviews with various stakeholder participants (such as heads of/teachers at ECDECCs, parents/guardians, community leaders/members, officials from the Ministry of Gender Equality, Ministry of Education and Human Rights Activists. The findings of the study were inter alia that all participants had knowledge of and understood the fact that five to six years old children indeed have the right to education, and most of them also understood the significance of pre- grade one learners’ education. As such, the communities were doing everything in their power to provide early childhood education. However, early childhood development and education community centres were ill-equipped in terms of physical facilities, human resources, and learning-teaching aids. In addition, heads of centres/teachers were not properly trained. There was no tap water, no electricity, and no toilet facilities. Most children did not fully or not at all attend community centres for early childhood education, because of inability on the part of their parents/guardians to pay the prescribed fees. Buildings (structures) in which pre-grade one education was practised were not completed and therefore not suitable for human occupation, as community members who initiated them did not have sufficient funds to finance such undertakings. Literature studies of selected relevant legal literature, Constitutions, legislation, decided cases and international human right instruments confirm the fact that pre-grade one education is indeed a legally enforceable fundamental human right to basic education. To this end, there are legal determinants of the provision of pregrade one learners early childhood development and education. Recommendations were that the State (government) had to take over early childhood education, and that teachers have to be academically and professionally trained and accordingly paid salaries by the Ministry of Education. Because of the above obstacles experienced in rural ECDECCs, pre-grade one learners’ right to education leaves much to be desired. Consequently, it is recommended that the Ministry of Education must, as of necessity, legally take over education of all pre-grade one learners (preprimary learners) in entirety in order to comply with the provisions of International Human Rights Instruments in general, and Article 20 (1) of the Constitution of Namibia in particular. In addition, in order to ensure promotion, advancement, realisation and fulfilment of the pre-grade one learners’ right to education, the current Namibian Education Act needs to be amended like the South African Schools Act, or a new Early Childhood Development and Education Act has to be promulgated altogether, to specifically and particularly cater for the pre-grade one learners’ right to basic education. This is indispensable because, in the words of Smith (2011: 305): “The value and necessity of education is beyond dispute because education is both a human right in itself and a crucial means of realising other human rights.” The study concluded that early childhood education provision and practice in ECDECCs in rural areas in their current nature and status at the time of conducting this study in Northern Namibia leaves much to be desired. As such, it is not the best possible vehicle for the early childhood development and education provision of pregrade one education for the five to six years old children in light of their human right to education.
PhD (Education Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

This thesis deals with research of interest in reverse mortgage in the Czech Republic. There is a large number of households within the population in the Czech Republic that owns their own home and still has difficulty paying the cost of securing basic household needs. The status of these people is getting worse with age. Current pension systems are unable to replace the income that people have reached in their working age. Responding to the needs of this target group is a reverse mortgage, which uses the capital stored in real estate designed to house seniors, thereby ensuring retirement.

My dissertation addresses and responds to research and practical interventions on gender in the Andean area. In it, I argue for the native Andean gender system's pertinence as an explanatory variable of past and present gender relations. This gender arrangement's name is 'Complementarity and Parallel Lines of Descent' (CPLD) (Silverblatt, 1985; Harris, 1987; Hardman, 2005; Vieira, 2005); it holds equivalent and complementary functions for women and men inside and outside the home. CPLD prevents women's subordination and the over-valuing of men's actions and characteristics on the basis of women's independent access to vital resources and the non-separation and non-primacy of the productive/public over the reproductive/private sphere (Roel Pineda, V., 1981-83; Lajo, J. 1985-6). Three independent studies show the empirical and theoretical importance of CPLD: 1) social identity observations during socio-anthropological field work on rural-to-urban migration in Lima, Peru (Lloyd, 1981; Herencia, 1985); 2) an historical monograph on CPLD's manifestations in the Tupac Amaru II Rebellion of the 1780's (Herencia, 1999); and 3) a political sociology essay on contemporary social movements in the Andes, seen through the prism of ethnicity and gender (Herencia, 2006). The transformation of gender relations through social identity moments (Study 1) serves to propose the theoretical coexistence and evolution, in a dominant/dominated condition, of engendered Native Andean and Western capitalist socio-cultural systems. For this reason, observations of gender at any point in time should consider the relation between the two. Also hypothetically, the Andean socio-cultural system's distinctive quality may result from Andean women's unrestricted social involvement, in contrast to that in the Western patriarchal capitalist system (and others). From a native people's perspective, conserving worldview and culture in past and present times implies preserving native gender relations. CPLD manifestations are ubiquitous in the Andean socio-cultural system’s traditions, beliefs and practices. Indigenous social movements need to fend off ideological barriers that obscure this gender system's existence, consciously ratifying and honoring the gender relations that continue to sustain the social reproduction of communities in not less than half the population of Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and surrounding areas. CPLD's intrinsic merits are indispensable for a genuine response to capitalist patriarchy.
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Nowadays, everything happens at a fast-pace and adaptation becomes crucial for a company to survive. This is why several retailers are becoming multichannel companies by opening online stores. Firms are not only trying to maintain their market share but they are also following the fierce competition. By opening a new channel, they face challenges and opportunities that should be addressed. That’s the situation of Americana, a stationery company that is planning on opening an online store. Thus, the focus of this dissertation is to understand when to homogenize or differentiate the offline and online channel in terms of pricing, assortment, promotion and returning policies when it comes to stationery retailers with two target segments: B2B and B2C. This dissertation is composed by a literature review that covers theoretical facts on the topics stated above. An additional theoretical background on brand equity will be added to understand if there is a brand image transference from channel to channel. Moreover, a consumer research will be conducted to acquire significant information on the subject. The results show that multichannel retailers should have the same prices online and offline; the online assortment should be the same as offline stores; they should offer a hassle-free return policy allowing pick up and returning online orders offline and the promotions in both channels should be the same for the end customer but can differ for the B2B segment. On top of that, our findings suggest a transference of brand image between channels for Americana.
No mundo acelerado e tecnológico em que vivemos, a sobrevivência de uma empresa depende fortemente da sua capacidade em se adaptar ao mercado. Esta adaptação poderá passar pela criação um novo canal de vendas através de uma loja online de forma a acompanhar a concorrência e assim manter a quota de mercado. Contudo, tal expansão implica um estudo detalhado de oportunidades e desafios que devem ser analisados. Este é o caso da empresa Americana, uma papelaria que está atualmente a investir no lançamento de uma loja online. Baseado no acima referido, o objetivo desta dissertação passa por clarificar quando se deve homogeneizar ou diferenciar os diferentes canais em relação a preços, variedade de produto oferecido, promoções e política de vendas (devolução e entrega). Este estudo estará focado no mercado de papelaria e em dois segmentos distintos: B2B e B2C. Esta dissertação é composta por uma revisão de literatura nos tópicos acima mencionados. Será ainda estudada a forma de como a brand equity possa ser transferida de canal para canal. Serão também obtidos dados reais através de um questionário aos consumidores. Os resultados mostram que empresas que operam em vários canais devem praticar os mesmos preços online e offline; devem disponibilizar uma oferta semelhante de produtos online e offline; as promoções entre ambos os canais devem ser iguais para o consumidor final, mas podem diferir para B2B. Os resultados sugerem ainda que há uma transferência de imagem entre canais no caso da Americana.

Apesar de todos os avanços e conquistas atingidos, a desigualdade entre homens e mulheres ainda existe em vários setores da sociedade portuguesa. De acordo com a Comissão para a Cidadania e a Igualdade de Género (CIG), os homens ganham, em média, por mês, mais 204, 91 euros do que as mulheres. E são também os homens que ocupam a maioria dos cargos de topo, quando as mulheres têm mais habilitações académicas. Uma pesquisa recente do ISCTE, em parceria com o Sindicato dos Jornalistas e o Observatório da Comunicação, mostrou que esta é também a realidade do setor do Jornalismo. Este trabalho tem como objetivo perceber se esta disparidade entre homens e mulher no mundo jornalístico se reflete nos telejornais que tantos portugueses veem todos os dias. Para isso, foram analisadas 186 edições, de 15 de junho a 15 de julho de 2019, dos noticiários da tarde e da noite dos principais canais generalistas de Portugal (RTP, SIC e TVI). A investigação foi feita com base no método de análise de conteúdo, centrando-se em categorias como o género dos pivots, comentadores e convidados e o número de peças, diretos e rubricas realizados por homens e mulheres. Foi possível concluir que, apesar de o número de mulheres ter aumentado nas equipas dos noticiários, são ainda os homens os escolhidos para as funções de destaque e visibilidade, como a de pivot ou comentador, havendo ainda, portanto, um caminho a percorrer para se atingir a Igualdade de Género.
Despite all the advances and achievements, inequality between men and women still exist in many sectors of portuguese societ. According to the Comissão para a Igualdade e a Igualdade de Género (CIG), men earn, on average, more 204,91 euros in a month than women. And it is also men who occupy the top jobs, when women have more academic qualifications. A recente study from ISCTE and Observatório da Comunicação (OberCom) showed that this is the reality on Journalism sector too. The investigation aims to understand if this disparity between men and women in the journalistic world is reflected in the news TV shows that so many portuguese people watch every day. For this, we analysed 186 editions, from June 15th to July 15th, 2019, includind afternoon news and night news, of the main generalist channels of Portugal (RTP, SIC e TVI). The research was based on the content analysis method, focusing on categories such as the gender of pivots, commentators and guest and the number of news reports, lives and rubrics performed by men and women. It can be concluded that, although the number of women has increased in the news TV shows teams, men are still the ones chosen for the prominente and visible functions, such as the pivot or commentator. These informations prove that there is still a long way to go to achieve de Gender Equality in Journalism.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal
Le Québec a toujours connu un fort taux d’immigration. Cependant, depuis quelques années, la composition de la population issue de l’immigration semble changer et se composer beaucoup plus de minorités visibles. Toutefois, cette population a tendance à rencontrer certaines difficultés dans son intégration sur le marché du travail, c’est pour cette raison, que le gouvernement québécois a adopté le programme d’accès à l’égalité (PAE) pour limiter les effets de la discrimination et du racisme en emploi, en exigeant des employeurs que les obstacles à l’embauche et à l’emploi des membres des groupes discriminés soient levés. Une des modalités d’application des PAE est représentée par l’obligation contractuelle qui exige l’instauration d’un tel programme par chaque entreprise québécoise de 100 employés et plus recevant un contrat du gouvernement ou une subvention, de 100 000 $ et plus. A travers notre étude, nous tentons d’examiner s’il existe une voie complémentaire de sensibiliser et d’intéresser les entreprises à s’impliquer davantage sur la question de l’égalité à travers la gestion de la diversité culturelle. L’objectif premier de toute entreprise étant de faire des profits, nous tentons donc de voir si cette voie complémentaire serait liée à la recherche de bénéfices de marché issus de la diversité. La question qui se pose alors est de savoir si l’adoption de bonnes pratiques de gestion de la diversité culturelle peut avoir des répercussions sur la performance organisationnelle et la rentabilité économique. A cette fin, nous avons analysé deux catégories d’entreprises : une qui est « passive »en matière de gestion diversité et l’autre plutôt « active ». Nos résultats ont indiqué qu’en effet, il existerait un lien entre les initiatives de diversité, l’intégration des minorités et les profits commerciaux des entreprises. Ceci appuie notre hypothèse de départ selon laquelle, une vaste gamme de meilleures pratiques visant la diversité va de pair avec des bénéfices tant pour l’entreprise que pour les membres des minorités visibles. Nous ne sommes toutefois pas parvenu à prouver de façon directe et significative le lien qui existe entre la performance organisationnelle et les pratiques de gestion de la diversité culturelle, à cause des nombreux facteurs autant externes qu’internes aux entreprises pouvant influencer ce lien. La prise en compte de ces différentes conditions d’émergence des bénéfices de la diversité culturelle constitue une importante avenue de recherches futures.
Quebec aiways knew a high immigration rate. However, for a few years now, the make up of the population resulting from immigration seems to have changed and to be composed much more of visible minorities. Yet, this population tends to encounter certain difficulties in its integration on the labor market, it is for this reason, that the Québec government adopted the program of access to equality (PAE) to limit the effects of discrimination and racism in employment, by requiring employers that the obstacles at the time of recruitment and during the employment of the members of the discriminated groups be lified. One of the methods of application of the PAE is represented by the contractual obligation which requires the introduction of such a program by each Québéc company of 100 employees and more receiving a govemment contract or a subsidy, of 100 000 $ and more. Throughout our study, we try to examine whether there is a complementary way to sensitize and to interest the companies to be more involved on the question ofthe equality through the management ofcultural diversity. The main objective of ail companies being to turn a profit, we thus try to see whether this complementary way would be related to the search for market benefits resuiting from diversity. The question which arises then is to know if the adoption of good managerial practices of cultural diversity can have effects on the organizational performance and the economic profitability. For this purpose, we analyzed two categories of companies: one winch is ‘passive” as regards to diversity management and the other, rather “activ&’. Our resuits indicated that indeed, there would be a link between the initiatives of diversity, the integration of the minorities and the commercial profits of the companies. Tins supports our starting hypothesis according to winch, a vast range of better practices aiming at diversity goes hand in hand with the benefits as much for the company as for the members of the visible minorities. Nevertheless, we did not manage to prove in a direct and significant way the relation that exists between the organizational performance and the administrative practices of cultural diversity, because of the many factors, as much extemal as internai to the companies, able to influence tins relation. The taking into account of these various conditions of emergence of the benefits of cultural diversity constitutes an important avenue of future research.