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Статті в журналах з теми "Epsilon cha"

1

Kowalczyk, Paweł, Jarosław M. Cieśla, Murat Saparbaev, Jacques Laval, and Barbara Tudek. "Sequence-specific p53 gene damage by chloroacetaldehyde and its repair kinetics in Escherichia coli." Acta Biochimica Polonica 53, no. 2 (April 3, 2006): 337–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2006_3347.

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Oxidative stress and certain environmental carcinogens, e.g. vinyl chloride and its metabolite chloroacetaldehyde (CAA), introduce promutagenic exocyclic adducts into DNA, among them 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine (epsilonA), 3,N(4)-ethenocytosine (epsilonC) and N(2),3-ethenoguanine (epsilonG). We studied sequence-specific interaction of the vinyl-chloride metabolite CAA with human p53 gene exons 5-8, using DNA Polymerase Fingerprint Analysis (DPFA), and identified sites of the highest sensitivity. CAA-induced DNA damage was more extensive in p53 regions which revealed secondary structure perturbations, and were localized in regions of mutation hot-spots. These perturbations inhibited DNA synthesis on undamaged template. We also studied the repair kinetics of CAA-induced DNA lesions in E. coli at nucleotide resolution level. A plasmid bearing full length cDNA of human p53 gene was modified in vitro with 360 mM CAA and transformed into E. coli DH5alpha strain, in which the adaptive response system had been induced by MMS treatment before the cells were made competent. Following transformation, plasmids were re-isolated from transformed cultures 35, 40, 50 min and 1-24 h after transformation, and further subjected to LM-PCR, using ANPG, MUG and Fpg glycosylases to identify the sites of DNA damage. In adaptive response-induced E. coli cells the majority of DNA lesions recognized by ANPG glycosylase were removed from plasmid DNA within 35 min, while MUG glycosylase excised base modifications only within 50 min, both in a sequence-dependent manner. In non-adapted cells resolution of plasmid topological forms was perturbed, suggesting inhibition of one or more bacterial topoisomerases by unrepaired epsilon-adducts. We also observed delayed consequences of DNA modification with CAA, manifesting as secondary DNA breaks, which appeared 3 h after transformation of damaged DNA into E. coli, and were repaired after 24 h.
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Chrétien, I., B. A. Helm, P. J. Marsh, E. A. Padlan, J. Wijdenes, and J. Banchereau. "A monoclonal anti-IgE antibody against an epitope (amino acids 367-376) in the CH3 domain inhibits IgE binding to the low affinity IgE receptor (CD23)." Journal of Immunology 141, no. 9 (November 1, 1988): 3128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.141.9.3128.

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Abstract We have produced three different mAb specific for human IgE-Fc. Their binding pattern to either heat-denatured IgE or a family of overlapping IgE-derived recombinant peptides and their ability to affect interaction of IgE with its low affinity receptor Fc epsilon R2/CD23 demonstrate that they recognize distinct epitopes on the IgE molecule. All three mAb were able to induce basophil degranulation as measured by the induction of histamine release. mAb 173 recognizes a thermolabile epitope in the CH4 domain. It does not affect the binding of IgE to Fc epsilon R2/CD23. mAb 272 recognizes a thermostable epitope that maps to a sequence of 36 amino acids (AA) spanning part of the CH2 and CH3 domain and it does not affect the binding of IgE to Fc epsilon R2/CD23. mAb 27 recognizes a thermolabile epitope located on a 10 AA stretch (AA 367-376) in the CH3 domain. This area contains one N-linked oligosaccharide (Asn-371), but the antibody is not directed against carbohydrate because it binds to Escherichia coli-derived IgE peptides. mAb 27 inhibits the binding of IgE to Fc epsilon R2/CD23 but is still capable of reacting with IgE already bound to Fc epsilon R2/CD23. These data suggest that upon binding to Fc epsilon R2/CD23, the IgE molecule engages one of two equivalent-binding sites close to the glycosylated area of the CH3 domain.
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Batista, F. D., D. G. Efremov, and O. R. Burrone. "Characterization and expression of alternatively spliced IgE heavy chain transcripts produced by peripheral blood lymphocytes." Journal of Immunology 154, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.154.1.209.

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Abstract We have investigated the IgE heavy chain isoforms produced in vivo by analyzing the epsilon mRNA species present in unstimulated PBL and expressing them individually in a myeloma cell line. Seven epsilon mRNA species were identified by using reverse transcription-PCR, cloning, and sequencing analysis. These species included the classical secreted (epsilon CH4-S) and membrane-bound (epsilon CH4-M1'-M2) IgE and five alternatively spliced epsilon transcripts. At the protein level, the five alternatively spliced epsilon transcripts (epsilon CH4*, epsilon CH4-M2', epsilon CH4'-1, epsilon CH4'-1-M2, and epsilon CH3-13-CH4) corresponded to four epsilon heavy chain isoforms, in which various parts of the CH4 domain were replaced by new stretches of amino acids at the carboxyl termini. The same epsilon mRNA species also were present in the IgE producing myeloma cell line U266. However, except for the classical membrane and secreted IgE, the corresponding proteins could not be identified. To further characterize the epsilon CH4-S, epsilon CH4*, epsilon CH4-M2', epsilon CH4'-1, and epsilon CH4-M1'-M2 species, we expressed them as chimeric mouse/human anti-4-hydroxy-5-iodo-3-nitrophenacetyl Abs in a mouse myeloma cell line. Only the classical secreted and membrane isoforms were found to be secreted or expressed on the cell surface, respectively, and the other forms were retained within the cells and degraded. These data suggest that some of the epsilon mRNA isoforms produced by PBL are aberrantly spliced mRNAs, the protein products of which are eliminated by post-translational events.
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Diaz-Sanchez, D., K. Zhang, T. B. Nutman, and A. Saxon. "Differential regulation of alternative 3' splicing of epsilon messenger RNA variants." Journal of Immunology 155, no. 4 (August 15, 1995): 1930–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.155.4.1930.

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Abstract Alternative 3' splicing of the one active human epsilon heavy chain gene results in variants of epsilon mRNA encoding distinct IgE proteins. The same relative amounts of these epsilon mRNA variants were produced by non-atopic donor B cells when driven in a variety of T-dependent or T-independent systems. The most abundant variants were those for classic secreted epsilon a novel secreted form (CH4-M2"). In contrast, cells from subjects with high levels of serum IgE secondary to parasitic infection or atopy spontaneously produced higher relative levels of the CH4-M2' epsilon mRNA variant, lower relative amounts of both the membrane and CH4-M2" secreted variants, and very low levels of the CH4'-CH5 variant. The existence of and corresponding changes in levels of the CH4-M2'-encoded secreted protein were demonstrated. IL-10 induced this same differential expression of epsilon splice variants in vitro when used to costimulate IL-4 plus CD40-driven B cells and could differentially enhance the production of CH4-M2' protein by established IgE-secreting cell lines. Inhibition of IgE by cross-linking the low affinity IgE receptor (CD23) decreased the levels of epsilon mRNA and resulted in a distinct pattern of epsilon mRNA characterized by a dramatic decrease in CH4-M2' splice variant. IL-6, IL-2, or IFN-gamma did not change the epsilon mRNA pattern. Overall, the absolute and relative amounts of the different epsilon mRNA splice variants produced appear to be controlled in a differentiation-related fashion.
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Chen, Haiming, Mingjie Li, Eric Sanchez, Abigail Gillespie, Cathy Wang, Tiffany Lee, Suzie Vardanyan, et al. "Crosslinking of Fc Gamma-Rllb and Fc Epsilon-RI Binding Peptides Inhibits Osteoclast Formation in Multiple Myeloma through Inactivation of the ITAM Signaling Pathway." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 2995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.2995.2995.

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Abstract Introduction: Overactivity of osteoclasts resulting in bone destruction is a hallmark of multiple myeloma (MM). Receptor for activation of NF-kB ligand (RANKL) and monocyte colony stimulating factor (MCSF) signaling pathways both promote proliferation and survival of the precursors of the osteoclast lineage, and have been widely investigated in MM. The third pathway involved in osteoclast differentiation is the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) with c-Fms signaling. ITAM and its inhibitor ITIM provide the basis for two opposed signaling modules that duel for control of osteoclast formation. Human monocyte/macrophage expresses the low-affinity FcγRIIb and high-affinity Fcε receptor 1 (FcεRI). Both receptors mediate Syk phosphorylation to activate or inactivate downstream ITAM or ITIM signaling molecules. In this study, we determined the effects of an IgG(CH2-CH3) and IgE(CH2-CH3-CH4) fusion protein that activates the ITIM inhibitory pathway on downstream signaling of Syk and osteoclast formation in monocytes from MM patients. Methods: We constructed IgG(CH2-CH3) with an IgE(CH2-CH3-CH4) fusion protein using standard cloning techniques. We evaluated the fusion protein on osteoclast formation using cells from either human monocytes isolated from MM patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or bone marrow (BM) MCs with an anti-CD14 micro-bead affinity column and magnetic bead selection (Miltenyi Biotec, Auburn, CA). The monocytes were cultured on slide-culture dishes (2 X 105 cells/well). The cells were treated with the fusion protein or with IgE or IgG and subsequently treated with 50ng/ml RANKL (receptor for activation of nuclear factor kB and 10ng/ml MCSF (monocyte colony stimulating factor) in order to stimulate osteoclast formation at the beginning of the culture and during a medium change after 3 days with the same amount of growth factors added. The cells were fixed for tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-staining assay on day 21. To investigate ITIM signaling pathway we determined Syk phosphorylation of monocytes treated or without treated with fusion protein by Western blot analysis. Results: We found that in a concentration-dependent fashion, the fusion protein inhibited osteoclast cell formation from CD14+ MCs from PB or BM exposed to RANKL and MCSF. We further analyzed the effects on the FcγRIIb-SHIP signaling pathway in monocytes induced with 50ng/ml RANKL and 10ng/ml MCSF following exposure to fusion protein or control IgG or IgE. The results showed that the monocytes showed markedly lower Syk phosphorylation following exposure to the fusion protein (100-200ng/ml). There was no change of Syk phosphorylationl in monocytes treated with IgG or IgE or IgG with IgE. Conclusions: The results of our study show that intact human IgG or IgE does not affect the ITAM or ITIM signaling pathways. However, a fusion protein consisting of IgG(CH2-CH3) with IgE(CH2-CH3-CH4) showed the ability to activate the ITIM inhibition pathway through FcγRIIb to reduce osteoclast formation. Thus, blockage of ITAM may be treating novel treatment for preventing bone loss for MM patients. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Muderrisoglu, Ziya, and Ufuk Yazgan. "Aftershock Hazard Assessment Based on Utilization of Observed Main Shock Demand." Earthquake Spectra 34, no. 2 (May 2018): 569–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/040617eqs061m.

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This paper presents an aftershock hazard assessment method that is based on taking into account the macroseismic indicators of the main shock observed at the site. The proposed method is referred to as conditional aftershock hazard assessment (CAHA). The essence of the CAHA method is to estimate the aftershock hazard at the site conditioned on the main shock intensity exhibited at that location. This is achieved by exploiting the correlation between the ground motion intensities exhibited during the main shock and the aftershock events. Specifically, the correlation of the epsilons registered for the two events, is utilized. Investigation of the epsilon correlation indicates that highest correlation occurs at the range of periods between 0.8 and 1.0 s. Based on the estimated epsilon correlation, the mean and the dispersion of the aftershock ground motion intensity, are estimated. An application of the proposed method to a set of sites affected by the 2011 Van (Turkey) M w7.2 earthquake sequence is illustrated. The performance of the method is assessed in comparison with the conventional approaches. For the considered example application, the hazard estimated using the proposed method shows a better agreement with the actual aftershock recordings, compared to the existing approaches.
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7

Zhang, K., A. Saxon, and E. E. Max. "Two unusual forms of human immunoglobulin E encoded by alternative RNA splicing of epsilon heavy chain membrane exons." Journal of Experimental Medicine 176, no. 1 (July 1, 1992): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.176.1.233.

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We present evidence for RNA transcripts encoding two forms of human epsilon immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain that differ significantly from those of other isotypes. We previously demonstrated three human epsilon mRNA species, instead of the two, corresponding to membrane and secreted proteins, seen with other heavy chain transcripts. In human genomic DNA downstream of the C epsilon gene, we identified sequences homologous to the two putative murine exons M1 (encoding a hydrophobic, presumably transmembrane region) and M2 (encoding hydrophilic residues). To determine the structures of epsilon transcripts containing these sequences, we amplified epsilon-related RNAs with the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RNA was examined from fresh human B cells stimulated to IgE production by interleukin 4 plus anti-CD40, as well as from the human IgE-producing line AF10. Instead of the single CH4-M1-M2 splice product predicted for murine membrane IgE, we found two other RNA species. One form has the structure CH4-M1'-M2, in which M1' includes the human sequence homologous to the murine M1 as well as a unique segment of 52 codons further upstream in the genomic sequence; this RNA species apparently encodes the IgE expressed on the membrane of IgE-producing lymphocytes. The other RNA has the structure CH4-M2', in which M2' is spliced in an alternative reading frame that includes an additional 109 codons downstream of the termination codon of the CH4-M1'-M2 form. Because the CH4-M2' mRNA form does not encode a hydrophobic segment, its translated product should be secreted. A secreted epsilon protein of approximately the size predicted for this form was identified by Western blotting. This novel IgE protein could play a significant and distinctive role in allergic disorders.
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Maeda, K., G. F. Burton, D. A. Padgett, D. H. Conrad, T. F. Huff, A. Masuda, A. K. Szakal, and J. G. Tew. "Murine follicular dendritic cells and low affinity Fc receptors for IgE (Fc epsilon RII)." Journal of Immunology 148, no. 8 (April 15, 1992): 2340–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.148.8.2340.

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Abstract The present study was undertaken to determine whether mouse follicular dendritic cells (FDC) bear Fc epsilon RII (CD23) and whether IgE-immune complexes are retained by FDC. Mouse Fc epsilon RII was localized by both L and electron microscopy using the mAb B3B4. In lymph nodes of normal mice, Fc epsilon RII was low but detectable on FDC. By 14 days after Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection, the level of Fc epsilon RII increased on B lymphocytes located in the cortex of draining mesenteric lymph nodes. However, the Fc epsilon RII level on FDC remained low. Although numerous IgE-producing plasma cells were seen at day 14, very little IgE was associated with FDC. By 26 days after infection, Fc epsilon RII was observed on FDC in increased levels and IgE binding was clearly associated with FDC. Unexpectedly, FDC of control mice immunized with albumin in CFA to elicit an IgG response showed intense labeling for Fc epsilon RII. In contrast, the B cells exhibited very little Fc epsilon RII. IgE immune complexes were observed in association with FDC in the CFA-immunized mice. When mice were given a hapten-specific monoclonal of the IgE isotype, hapten carrier complexes were trapped and retained on Fc epsilon RII-bearing FDC. In conclusion, FDC were clearly one of the major murine cell types bearing Fc epsilon RII. IgE immune complexes were found in association with FDC and Fc epsilon RII appeared to play a major role in trapping and retaining IgE immune complexes. FDC Fc epsilon RII was subject to regulatory control, but the Fc epsilon RII level on FDC was regulated very differently from the Fc epsilon RII level on B cells.
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Bouziane, A., A. Alami, M. Zaitri, B. Bouchame, and M. Bouchetara. "Investigation of Swirl Stabilized CH4 Air Flame with Varied Hydrogen Content by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to Study the Temperature Field and Flame Shape." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 11, no. 2 (April 11, 2021): 6943–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4034.

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In the current paper, numerical simulations of the combustion of turbulent CH4-H2 are presented employing the standard k-epsilon and the RNG k-epsilon for turbulence closure. The Fr-ED concept is carried out to account for chemistry/ turbulence interaction. The hydrogen content is varied in the fuel stream from 0% to 100%. The numerical solutions are validated by comparison with corresponding experimental data from the Combustion Laboratory of the University of Milan. The flow is directed radially outward. This method of fuel injection has been already been explored experimentally. The results show that the structure of the flame is described reasonably and both standard k-ɛ and RNG k- ɛ models can predict the flame shape. The general aspect of the temperature profiles is well predicted. The temperature profiles are indicating a different trend between CH4 and CH4/H2 fuel mixtures.
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Le Doussal, J. M., E. Gautherot, M. Martin, J. Barbet, and M. Delaage. "Enhanced in vivo targeting of an asymmetric bivalent hapten to double-antigen-positive mouse B cells with monoclonal antibody conjugate cocktails." Journal of Immunology 146, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.146.1.169.

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Abstract In order to target specifically double-Ag-positive cells in vivo, we synthesized chemically two mAb conjugates with specificities for both an allelic murine B cell-surface Ag and for a synthetic hapten. One conjugate was designed for its specificities for I-Ek and for N-epsilon-(2,4-DNP)-amino-caproate, and the other one for its reactivity to Lyb-8.2 and to indium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetate. A radiolabeled tracer, containing both the N-epsilon-(2,4-DNP)-amino-caproate and the indium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetate haptens, was obtained by reacting diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid dianhydride with mono-[N-epsilon-(2,4-DNP)-amino-caproyl]-tyrosyl-lysine and labeling with indium-111. Mice from various strains (CBA/N: I-Ek+, Lyb-8.2+; AKR/N: I-Ek+, Lyb-8.2-; BALB/c: I-Ek-, Lyb-8.2+; and DBA/2: I-Ek-, Lyb-8.2-) were given simultaneous i.v. injections of microgram amounts of less than anti-[N-epsilon-(2,4-DNP)-amino-caproate], anti-I-Ek greater than and of [anti-(indium-diethylene-triaminepentaacetate), anti-Lyb-8.2] antibody conjugates and picomole amounts of the tracer. As expected, specific uptake of the tracer by the spleen was observed in strains where spleen cells expressed at least one Ag (CBA/N, AKR/N, and BALB/c). Furthermore, spleen cells from the double-Ag-positive mouse strain (CBA/N), when compared with spleen cells from single-positive mouse strains, exhibited a significantly higher uptake of the bivalent hapten. This specificity for double-Ag-positive cells, it is suggested, occurs through the formation of stable complexes between both cell-surface Ag, both conjugates, and the asymmetric bivalent hapten. The use of such asymmetric bivalent haptens, together with matched (anti-hapten, anti-cell) antibody conjugates, is proposed as a general method for increasing the in vivo specificity of immunoimaging and radioimmunotherapy.
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Дисертації з теми "Epsilon cha"

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Murphy, Simon John. "Revealing the Chamaeleon: Young, low-mass stars surrounding eta and epsilon Cha." Phd thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/8895.

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The deep southern sky surrounding the Chamaeleon dark clouds is abundant with pre-main sequence stars of various ages. Because of their youth (5-10 Myr) and proximity (d~100 pc), members of the open cluster Eta Chamaeleontis and the nearby Epsilon Chamaeleontis Association are ideal laboratories to study the formation and evolution of extrasolar planetary systems. To better understand their role as potential planet hosts, this thesis explores the formation, dynamical evolution, accretion and disk properties of both groups' low-mass members. The notable lack of low-mass stars in the young open cluster Eta Cha has long been puzzling. Two possible explanations have been suggested; a top-heavy initial mass function or dynamical evolution, which preferentially ejected the low-mass members. Previous efforts to find these stars several degrees from the cluster core have been unsuccessful. By undertaking a wider (95 sq deg) photometric and proper motion survey with extensive follow-up spectroscopy, we have identified eight low-mass stars that were ejected from Eta Cha over the past 5-10 Myr. Comparison with recent simulations shows our results are consistent with a dynamical origin for the current configuration of the cluster, without the need to invoke an initial mass function deficient in low-mass objects. Two of the dispersed members exhibited strong, variable H-alpha emission during our observations, including a star which had an event suggestive of accretion from a circumstellar disk. New infrared photometry confirms the presence of the disk. This star demonstrates that infrequent, episodic accretion can continue at low levels long after most disks around `old' pre-main sequence stars have dissipated. Another two confirmed non-members are slightly older than the cluster, but are only 42 arcseconds apart and share similar kinematics and distances. We show that they almost certainly form a wide (4000-6000 AU) ~10 Myr-old binary at 100-150 pc. The system is one of the widest pre-main sequence binaries known. Its isolation and dynamical fragility put strong constraints on any birthplace and mode of formation, which we propose was in a turbulent gas filament in the vicinity of the Scorpius-Centaurus OB Association. In addition to Eta Cha, we have also examined membership of the unbound Epsilon Chamaeleontis Association, which lies some 10 degrees to the east and has a similar age, distance and kinematics. The two groups were almost certainly born in the outer regions of Sco-Cen only a few million years apart. Many members of Epsilon Cha have been proposed in the decade since its discovery. After considering the kinematics of candidates from the literature, we have confirmed 11 further stars as likely members. Many new members possess infrared spectral energy distributions attributable to circumstellar disks, including four stars with strong H-alpha and forbidden emission which are actively accreting material. Our work on Eta and Epsilon Chamaeleontis has identified many interesting targets for follow-up studies of disk evolution, accretion, binarity, and other investigations that require samples of nearby pre-main sequence stars. Several avenues for future work are discussed, including the impact of photometry and astrometry from the forthcoming SkyMapper Southern Sky Survey.
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Частини книг з теми "Epsilon cha"

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"Chapter 5: Epsilon Algorithms." In Vector Extrapolation Methods with Applications, 99–118. Philadelphia, PA: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611974966.ch5.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Epsilon cha"

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Taskinen, Pertti. "Effect of Soot Radiation on Flame Temperature, NOx-Emission and Wall Heat Transfer in a Medium Speed Diesel Engine." In ASME 2002 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2002-535.

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The main aim in this study was to investigate the effect of soot radiation on the maximum flame temperature, the total heat flux to wall and the NOx-emission levels in a medium speed diesel engine. Also the effect of turbulence models (STD or RNG k-epsilon) the combustion and emission results were investigated. The RNG k-epsilon model was modified as part of the velocity dilatation term by using an analysis of rapid spherical distortion. In the modified KIVA2-CFD code the Magnussen EDC (Eddy Dissipation Concept) model was used for the fuel vapor combustion, the Tesner & Magnussen model for the soot formation, the combined Magnussen EDC/Nagle & Strickland-Constable for the soot combustion, the extended Zeldovich model for the NO-formation and the chi-squared model for the spray. Radiative heat transfer was dealt with in two ways, in the first the simplified method was used (pure soot emission) and in the second the radiative transport equation was solved with the discrete ordinate method (DOM). The soot absortion coefficient was calculated with the correlation of Kent & Honnery. The computations were done with and without radiant heat loss in order to observe the effect of soot radiation in the results. The predicted cylinder pressures and the heat release rates in both cases were compared with the corresponding measured data. The soot, NOx and heat flux results were compared to the results obtained from literature, due to the non-availability of measured data. The predicted results are reasonable and behaved correctly. The simulation results show that the effect of soot radiation in the combustion process is remarkable and therefore it has to be taken into consideration when modelling diesel engine processes. Also the modified RNG k-epsilon model yields slightly more realistic combustion results than the STD k-epsilon model.
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Cai, Xiaofeng, та Hong Chen. "Abstract 3292: Epsin promotes breast cancer progression and metastasis by controlling nf-κb activation". У Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-3292.

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