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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "EPOXY THERMOSETES"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 26 жовтня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "EPOXY THERMOSETES"

Zhang, Bao Hua, Bin Chen, Hong Xu, and Yan Qing Weng. "Study on the Properties of Epoxy Thermosets Cured by ImHBPs under Lower Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 651–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.651.

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The 2-methylimidazole (Im) -terminated hyperbranched polyesters (ImHBPs) with different generations were prepared and used in diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) as curing agents and tougheners in this work. It was found that the ImHBPs had better latent property than Im which indicated that the ImHBPs were proper to be used as low temperature curing agent in epoxy curing system. It was also found that the tensile strength, the flexural strength and impact strength of epoxy thermosets cured by ImHBPs under 90 were much higher than those of CYD-128/2-methylimidazole thermoset, which indicated that the ImHBPs obviously improved the mechanical properties of epoxy thermosets, and the thermoset cured by ImHBP with two generation had the best performance among the thermosets.

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Rösel, Uta, and Dietmar Drummer. "Correlation between the Flow and Curing Behavior of Hard Magnetic Fillers in Thermosets and the Magnetic Properties." Magnetism 1, no. 1 (November 27, 2021): 37–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetism1010004.

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Polymer bonded magnets based on thermoplastics are economically produced by the injection molding process for applications in sensor and drive technology. Especially the lack of orientation in the edge layer, as well as the chemical resistance and the creep behavior limit the possible implementations of thermoplastic based polymer bonded magnets. However, thermoset based polymer bonded magnets have the opportunity to expand the applications by complying with the demands of the chemical industry or pump systems through to improved chemical and thermal resistance, viscosity and creep behavior of thermosets. This paper investigates the influence of hard magnetic particles on the flow and curing behavior of highly filled thermoset compounds based on an epoxy resin. The basic understanding of the behavior of those highly filled hard magnetic thermoset systems is essential for the fabrication of polymer bonded magnets based on thermosets in the injection molding process. It is shown that several factors like the crystal structure, the particle shape and size, as well as the thermal conductivity and the adherence between filler and matrix influence the flow and curing behavior of highly filled thermoset compounds based on epoxy resin. However, these influencing factors can be applied to any filler system with respect to a high filler amount in a thermoset compound, as they are based on the material behavior of particles. Further, the impact of the flow and curing behavior on the magnetic properties of polymer bonded magnets based on thermosets is shown. With that, the correlation between material based factors and magnetic properties within thermosets are portrayed.

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Rothenhäusler, Florian, and Holger Ruckdaeschel. "l-Arginine as Bio-Based Curing Agent for Epoxy Resins: Temperature-Dependence of Mechanical Properties." Polymers 14, no. 21 (November 3, 2022): 4696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14214696.

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The precise characterization of new bio-based thermosets is imperative for the correct assessment of their potential as matrix material in fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Therefore, the mechanical properties of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol a (DGEBA) cured with l-arginine were investigated to determine whether the bio-based thermoset possesses the required mechanical properties for application as a matrix material. The cured thermoset is called Argopox. The mixture of amino acid and epoxy resin was prepared via three-roll milling and cured in the presence of an urea-based accelerator. The tensile, compression, flexural and toughness properties of Argopox were characterized at T=−40 ∘C, 22 ∘C and 80 ∘C to determine the temperature-dependence of the thermoset’s mechanical properties in its service temperature range. The glass transition temperature Tg was analyzed via dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and is approximately 119 ∘C. The tensile, compression and flexural strength at 22 ∘C are about 56 MPa, 98 MPa and 85 MPa, respectively. The critical stress intensity factor KIC and fracture energy GIC at 22 ∘C are roughly 1.1 MPam0.5 and 510 Jm−, respectively. Consequently, Argopox possesses mechanical properties that reach performance levels similar to that of materials which are already used as matrix for fiber reinforced composites.

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Qian, Dan, Jiahai Zhou, Jieyuan Zheng, Jun Cao, Jintao Wan, and Hong Fan. "Synthesis, Curing Behaviors and Properties of a Bio-Based Trifunctional Epoxy Silicone Modified Epoxy Thermosets." Polymers 14, no. 20 (October 18, 2022): 4391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14204391.

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Tremendous effort has been focused on improving the toughness of epoxy, but the common approaches diminish the mechanical properties. In this work, a new silicone-modified trifunctional epoxy monomer SITEUP is synthesized from the hydrosilylation transformation of eugenol epoxy (EPEU) and tris-(dimethylsiloxy)phenylsilane. The chemical structures and curing kinetics of SITEUP are investigated based on 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MADLI-TOF-MS, and DSC analyses. SITEUP is introduced into DGEBA/IPDA systems as a functional modifier in varied loadings for toughening the resulting epoxy thermosets. The impact strength of the modified epoxy thermosets containing 20% SITEUP is 84% higher than that of the pristine epoxy thermoset and also maintains high flexural strength. Further morphology study reveals that the plastic deformation caused by siloxane segments is the key factor accounting for the enhanced toughness of the finalized epoxy thermosets. Si-O-Si segments incorporated into the thermosetting network could absorb more energy by increasing the mobility of polymer chains under external stress and led to improved thermal stability and damping characteristics. In addition, SITEUP is able to decrease the surface tension and increase the hydrophobic properties of the resultant epoxy materials.

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Ecochard, Yvan, Mélanie Decostanzi, Claire Negrell, Rodolphe Sonnier, and Sylvain Caillol. "Cardanol and Eugenol Based Flame Retardant Epoxy Monomers for Thermostable Networks." Molecules 24, no. 9 (May 10, 2019): 1818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24091818.

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Epoxy materials have attracted attention for many applications that require fireproof performance; however, the utilization of hazardous reagents brings about potential damage to human health. Eugenol and cardanol are renewable, harmless resources (according to ECHA) that allow the achievement of synthesis of novel phosphorylated epoxy monomers to be used as reactive flame retardants. These epoxy building blocks are characterized by 1H NMR and 31P NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and reacted with a benzylic diamine to give bio-based flame-retardant thermosets. Compared to DGEBA (Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether)-based material, these biobased thermosets differ by their cross-linking ratio, the nature of the phosphorylated function and the presence of an aliphatic chain. Eugenol has led to thermosets with higher glass transition temperatures due to a higher aromatic density. The flame-retardant properties were tested by thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), a pyrolysis combustion flow calorimeter (PCFC) and a cone calorimeter. These analyses demonstrated the efficiency of phosphorus by reducing significantly the peak heat release rate (pHRR), the total heat release (THR) and the effective heat of combustion (EHC). Moreover, the cone calorimeter test exhibited an intumescent phenomenon with the residues of phosphorylated eugenol thermosets. Lastly, the higher flame inhibition potential was highlighted for the phosphonate thermoset.

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Ménard, Raphaël, Claire Negrell-Guirao, Laurent Ferry, Rodolphe Sonnier, and Ghislain David. "Synthesis of biobased phosphate flame retardants." Pure and Applied Chemistry 86, no. 11 (November 1, 2014): 1637–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2014-0703.

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Abstract An approach to prepare some biobased flame retardant (FR) compounds is presented. The adopted strategy consists in functionalizing an aromatic biobased phenolic compound, the phloroglucinol, with different phosphate groups in order to promote a charring effect. Different chlorophosphates were grafted onto phloroglucinol hydroxy groups and the functionalization of the hydroxy groups was quantitative. The synthesized biobased FR were incorporated into an epoxy matrix as additive to estimate their flame retardant properties. The influence of different parameters was studied such as the phosphorus content of the thermoset or the nature of the R group of the used phosphate P-O-R. MEB/EDX observations proved the influence of this R group on the compatibility between the FR and the matrix and its importance to obtain homogeneous thermoset. Thermogravimetric analyses of the phosphorus-containing thermosets showed a small decrease in thermal stability accompanied by a char yield almost tripled for a 3 %wP-containing thermoset compared to that of the thermoset without any FR. Pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry was also used to evaluate the flammability of the modified epoxy thermoset. A significant decrease in peak of heat release rate and total heat released was observed compared to thermoset without FR. These results demonstrate the good flame retardant properties of these biobased phosphates in an epoxy matrix. In addition these results show the potential of the biobased phenolic compounds as raw material for flame retardants syntheses.

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Couture, Guillaume, Lérys Granado, Florent Fanget, Bernard Boutevin, and Sylvain Caillol. "Limonene-Based Epoxy: Anhydride Thermoset Reaction Study." Molecules 23, no. 11 (October 23, 2018): 2739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112739.

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The development of epoxy thermosets from renewable resources is of paramount importance in a sustainable development context. In this paper, a novel bio-based epoxy monomer derived from limonene was synthesized without epichlorohydrine and characterized. In fact, this paper depicts the synthesis of bis-limonene oxide (bis-LO). However, intern epoxy rings generally exhibit a poor reactivity and allow reaction with anhydride. Therefore, we used a reaction model with hexahydro-4-methylphthalic anhydride to compare reactivity of terminal and interepoxy functions. We also studied the influence of methyl group on intern epoxy functions. Furthermore, the influence of epoxy:anhydride stoichiometry and initiator amount was studied. These studies allow to propose an optimized formulation of bis-LO. Finally, a bis-LO-based thermoset was obtained and characterized.

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Rösel, Uta, and Dietmar Drummer. "Extension of the Application Range of Multipolar Bonded Ring Magnets by Thermosets in Comparison to Thermoplastics." Magnetism 3, no. 1 (March 20, 2023): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetism3010007.

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To expand the range of applications of multipolar bonded magnets based on a thermoplastic matrix, the chemical and thermal resistance has to be increased and the reduced orientation in the rapid solidified surface layer has to be overcome. To meet these requirements, the matrix of multipolar bonded magnets can be based on thermosets. This paper investigates in the magnetic properties, especially in the orientation of hard magnetic fillers, the pole accuracy and the mechanical properties of multipolar bonded ring magnets based on the hard magnetic filler strontium-ferrite-oxide and compares the possibilities of thermoplastic (polyamide)- and thermoset (epoxy resin, phenolic resin)-based matrices. It was shown that the magnetic potential of the thermoset-based material can only be fully used with further magnetization. However, the magnetic properties can be increased using thermoset-based compounds compared to thermoplastics in multipolar bonded ring magnets. Further, a model of the orientation and pole accuracy is found in terms of thermoset-based multipolar magnets. In addition, the change of the mechanical properties due to the different matrix systems was shown, with an increase in E-Modulus, Et, and a reduction in tensile strength, σm, and elongation at break, εm, in terms of thermosets compared to thermoplastics.

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Han, Xiao, Rui Chen, Mei Yang, Chuanbo Sun, Kun Wang, and Yinsong Wang. "Transparent low-flammability epoxy resins using a benzoguanamine-based DOPO derivative." High Performance Polymers 34, no. 2 (October 13, 2021): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09540083211049966.

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We successfully prepared a highly effective flame-retardant additive called hsalbenzoguanamine phosphaphenanthrene (HDPD) through salicylaldehyde and nitrogen-rich benzoguanamine. The introduction of HDPD into epoxy resin (EP) sharply enhanced the flame retardancy of EP/HDPD thermosets. The introduction of 6 wt% HDPD into EP succeeded in reaching the V-0 rating. Limited oxygen index results revealed the high flame-retarding performance of HDPD. Cone calorimeter test data revealed that heat and smoke released from EP/6 wt% HDPD thermoset were significantly restrained. In addition, EP/6 wt% HDPD thermoset demonstrated excellent transmittance and mechanical strength. The transmittance of EP/6 wt% HDPD was assessed from 520 to 800 nm. The results showed that transmittance of EP/6 wt% HDPD were nearly 90% of the control group.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "EPOXY THERMOSETES"

McFadden, Peter Daniel, and Peter Daniel McFadden. "Molecular Engineering of Specialty Thermoset Materials." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626330.

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This work seeks to lay the foundation for improved art conservation epoxies by addressing two of the problems which currently limit their use. The first problem with current conservation epoxies is the difficulty of removal post-cure. This can be solved by synthesizing epoxies with thermally re-workable Diels-Alder weak links. The second problem relates to difficulty in identifying epoxy joints in reconstructed artifacts and can be solved by incorporating fluorescent monomers within the epoxy network. The challenge in both of these projects is to ensure that the modified epoxies are still suitable for conservation use.

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Flores, Guillén Marjorie Yusneiry. "Toughness improvement of epoxy thermosets by adding dendritic structures." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/128206.

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Las resinas epoxi se encuentran entre los materiales termoestables más importantes utilizados en un gran abanico de aplicaciones tales como adhesivos, matrices para materiales compuestos, recubrimientos de superficies y encapsulamiento de componentes electrónicos. La principal razón de su amplio uso es la buena combinación entre resistencia a la tracción y a la corrosión, rigidez y buenas propiedades eléctricas. Sin embargo, debido a su elevado grado de entrecruzamiento, las resinas epoxi tienen una baja resistencia al impacto, la cual limita su uso en algunas aplicaciones específicas. Para contrarrestar este efecto, a las resinas epoxi se les añaden distintos modificantes entre los que se pueden destacar los polímeros hiperramificados. En esta tesis doctoral se plantea estudiar el efecto de la incorporación de distintos modificantes poliméricos a resinas epoxi convencionales glicidílicas y cicloalifáticas en el proceso de curado y en las características del material final. Estos agentes modificantes tienen estructuras dendríticas y son polímeros hiperramificados y estrellas. Unos son derivados de los poliésteres comerciales Boltorn® y otros con estructuras hiperramificadas de poliéter o poliéster, previamente sintetizadas y en algunos de los casos modificados en los grupos finales con estructuras alifáticas. Respecto a los sistemas de curado utilizados han sido diferentes los agentes seleccionados. En primer lugar se estudiaron los diisocianatos catalizados por aminas, sustituyéndose estos catalizadores por triflato de iterbio. El mecanismo de reacción en ambos casos fue estudiado por FTIR y mediante calorimetría pudiéndose determinar las reacciones que tenían lugar y cuantificar la proporción de grupos funcionales presentes en la red. También se estudiaron 2 otros agentes como son los anhídridos en presencia de amina terciaria, o los triflatos de lantánido, iniciadores catiónicos. Los sistemas anteriormente citados actúan térmicamente. De forma alternativa se han estudiados sistemas fotoiniciados catiónicos. Finalmente, se ha estudiado un nuevo sistema en dos etapas que se basa en una reacción tipo click (tiol-eno), que tiene lugar fotoquímicamente, y que en presencia de fotoiniciadores catiónicos, genera sales de sulfonio que son iniciadores catiónicos. Esta Tesis Doctoral está estructurada en diferentes capítulos de la siguiente forma: Capítulo 1: Incluye una breve descripción del marco teórico relacionado con los materiales termoestables, así como también un breve resumen de lo reportado actualmente en el campo de los agentes modificantes dendríticos poliméricos, procesos de curado y agentes de curado, teniendo un enfoque particular sobre la mejora de las propiedades de los materiales epoxídicos termoestables. Además, en este capítulo se incluye la descripción del objetivo general y los objetivos específicos de esta Tesis Doctoral. Capítulo 2: Corresponde a la parte experimental donde se describen los instrumentos y técnicas utilizadas para la realización de este trabajo. Capítulos 3 y 4: Se muestra como en la formación de redes de oxazolidonas¿isocianuratos-éteres, el factor determinante para controlar la cantidad de cada fracción, es la relación entre isocianato y grupos epoxi presentes en las 3 formulaciones. Asimismo, la selección del catalizador, base o ácido de Lewis, también modifica la estructura de la red y las propiedades termomecánicas de los materiales termoestables. Capítulos 5: Se modifican los grupos hidroxilo finales de hiperramificados tipo Boltorn® con cadenas alifáticas y grupos finales vinílicos o epoxídicos, que se adicionan a formulaciones epoxi/isocianato/amina terciaria. Se estudia el proceso de curado y las características termomecánicas. Se hace especial hincapié en la morfología de los materiales, estudiada por SEM. Capítulos 6 y 7: Se modifican los grupos hidroxilo finales de hiperramificados tipo Boltorn® con cadenas de 10-undecenoilo en diferentes proporciones y se adicionan estos modificantes en formulaciones de DGEBA/anhídrido/amina terciaria. Se estudia tanto el proceso de curado como las propiedades del material final. Los valores de resistencia al impacto se relacionan con la morfología observada por microscopia electrónica. Capítulo 8: Se introducen como agentes modificantes polímeros hiperramificados con distintos grados de modificación obtenidos por la acilación del poliglicidol y se estudia el efecto que ejercen éstos sobre las distintas propiedades termomécanicas de los materiales termoestables en función del grado de modificación y su compatibilidad con la matriz epoxidica. 4 Capítulos 9 y 10: Muestran la incorporación de polímeros hiperramificados de tipo estrella sintetizadas a partir de núcleos tipo Boltorn de diferente peso molecular y brazos de poli(¿-caprolactona) en formulaciones de epoxi cicloalifática. En el primero de estos capítulos el curado se efectúa en condiciones térmicas utilizando triflato de iterbio como iniciador, mientras que en el segundo se efectúa un fotocurado iniciado por una sal de sulfonio como fotoiniciador. Capítulo 11: En este capítulo se propone un nuevo sistema de curado dual en dos etapas que consta de una reacción tiol-eno, que tiene lugar bajo irradiación seguida por un curado térmico de resina epoxi cicloalfática. Esta segunda etapa tiene lugar a temperaturas superiores a los 100ºC y viene iniciada por las sales de sulfonio producidas en la primera etapa a partir de los tioéteres formados y su activación mediante fotoiniciación. La adición de polímeros hiperramificados con terminaciones alílicas, activas en la reacción tiol-eno, permite obtener materiales con altas Tgs, a pesar de la flexibilidad introducida en la red por el tritiol utilizado. El sistema de curado propuesto tiene características latentes con un curado en dos etapas dual fotoquímico-térmico. La tesis recoge al final las principales conclusiones alcanzadas así como una breve lista con las contribuciones científicas relacionadas con esta tesis doctoral.

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Russo, Claudio. "Dual-curing thiol-acrylate-epoxy thermosets for functional applications." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672432.

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Avui en dia, cada vegada més aplicacions exigeixen materials amb un disseny complex, missió complicada en polímers termoestables, i per això el curat dual és una eina extremament útil en el disseny de termoestables. El curat dual s'obté amb una combinació de dos processos d'entrecreuament de xarxa seqüencials o simultani. Els beneficis del processat dual es basen en la seva flexibilitat en el processat i en la possibilitat de millorar les propietats del material curat mitjançant processats en una etapa o en multi etapes. En aquest treball, vam desenvolupar un nou sistema de doble curat basat en dos reaccions tipus "clic": l'addició de tiol-acrilat de Michael (primera etapa) i la reacció tiol-epoxi (segona etapa). Aprofitant el sistema desenvolupat, es va demostrar que el processat mitjançant curat en dues etapes tenia un gran valor potencial en l'aplicació com a unions adhesives, ja que permet un control dimensional precís de la capa adhesiva i una major resistència adhesiva que el curat en un únic pas. Finalment, el sistema de doble curat tiol-acrilat-epoxi es va utilitzar per desenvolupar polímers d'activació elèctrica amb memòria de forma. La capacitat de resposta / activació elèctrica es va obtenir incorporant una làmina elèctricament conductora en el polímer amb memòria de forma obtingut a partir d'un sistema tiol-acrilat-epoxi i aprofitant el processat dual. En aquest disseny, el tradicional escalfament directe per calor extern (és a dir, forn) es reemplaça per un escalfament intern per efecte Joule produït a la capa conductora quan s'aplica un voltatge i que es demostra més eficient.
Hoy en día, cada vez más aplicaciones exigen materiales con un diseño complejo, misión complicada en polímeros termoestables, y por ello el curado dual es una herramienta extremamente útil en el diseño de termoestables. El curado dual se obtiene con una combinación de dos procesos de entrecruzamiento de red secuenciales o simultaneo. Los beneficios del procesado dual se basan en su flexibilidad en el procesado y en la posibilidad de mejorar las propiedades del material curado mediante procesados en una etapa o en multi etapas. En este trabajo, desarrollamos un novedoso sistema de doble curado basado en dos reacciones tipo "clic": la adición de tiol-acrilato de Michael (primera etapa) y la reacción tiol-epoxi (segunda etapa). Aprovechando el sistema desarrollado, se demostró que el procesado mediante curado en dos etapas tenía un gran valor potencial en aplicaciones como uniones adhesivas, puesto que permite un control dimensional preciso de la capa adhesiva y una mayor resistencia adhesiva que el curado en un único paso. Finalmente, el sistema de doble curado tiol-acrilato-epoxi se utilizó para desarrollar polímeros de activación eléctrica con memoria de forma. La capacidad de respuesta/activación eléctrica se obtuvo incorporando una lámina eléctricamente conductora en el polímero con memoria de forma obtenido a partir de un sistema tiol-acrilato-epoxi y aprovechando el procesado dual.
Nowadays, more and more applications demand materials with complex shape designs which is a difficult task when working with thermosetting polymers. Dual-curing processing is an extremely valuable tool for thermosets design. It consists in the combination of two sequential of simultaneous crosslinking process. The benefits of dual-curing processing rely on its processing flexibility and the properties enhancement of cured parts by single- or multi-stage scenarios. In this work, we developed a novel dual-curing system based on two “click” reactions: the thiol-acrylate Michael addition (first stage) and thiol-epoxy reaction (second stage). Exploiting the developed system, dual-curing processing was proved to have high potentiality in adhesive bonding application, allowing accurate dimensional control of the adhesive layer and higher adhesive strength than on-step curing. Finally, thiol-acrylate-epoxy dual-curing system was used to develop electroresponsive shape-memory polymers. The electroresponsive ability was obtained incorporating an electrically conductive layer into a thiol-acrylate-epoxy shape-memory polymer taking advantage of the dual-processing. In this design, the direct heating from external sources (i.e., oven) is replaced by a more efficient internal Joule heating produced in the conductive layer when an controlled voltage is applied. The electro activation of the SME resulted in significantly faster recovery and, using a custom-made thermoelectric control, a precise control of the recovery process was achieved

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Kwon, Ojin. "Morphology Development and Fracture Properties of Toughened Epoxy Thermosets." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30660.

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The phase separation process of a rubber modified epoxy system during cure was analyzed by a model developed on the basis of a thermodynamic description of binary mixture and constitutive equations for nucleation and growth rates. As epoxy resins are cured, rubber molecules are precipitated from the epoxy matrix to a non-equilibrium composition due to the decrease in the configurational entropy and the increase in the viscosity with conversion. If phase separation takes place in a metastable region, this model can monitor the changes of rubber compositions in both phases as well as the changes in the number and size of rubber particles upon conversion of polymerization. The particle size distribution at the completion of phase separation was also calculated. The effect of cure temperature on the final morphologies of a rubber modified epoxy system was discussed. The computed particle size distributions for piperidine and diaminodiphenyl sulfone cured systems showed good agreements with experimentally measured values. Depending on the activation energy for viscous flow of the epoxy matrix relative to that for the polymerization, the particle size distribution may show bimodal or unimodal distribution. The size of rubber rich phase increases to a maximum and then decreases with an increase in cure temperature. However, due to limitations of temperature range to probe in an actual experiment, one may observe only either decreasing or increasing particle size as cure temperature increases. The number of rubber particles per unit volume increases for the DGEBA/DDS/ETBN system as cure temperature increases in the temperature range of 30 °C to 220 °C. Fracture toughness of cured DGEBA/DDS/ETBN system was analyzed in terms of morphologies generated by the temperature variation. Since the volume fraction of rubber particles did not change with cure temperature, the critical stress intensity factor did not vary significantly with cure temperature as expected. However, increases in cure temperature produced smaller but more numerous particles. The critical stress intensity factor normalized by the number density of particles exhibited dependence on the radius of particles to the third power. On the other hand, the critical stress intensity factor normalized by the radius of particles showed a linear dependence with respect to the number density of particles.
Ph. D.

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Savonnet, Etienne. "Development of bio-based epoxy thermosets for aerospace launchers." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0022.

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La grande majorité des résines époxy utilisées aujourd’hui sont issues ou dérivées du bisphénol-A (BPA). Cependant, le BPA est soumis à de très fortes régulations, notamment vis-à-vis de sa récente classification comme substance chimique extrêmement préoccupante par l’agence européenne des produits chimiques (ECHA). Dans un but d’anticiper les évolutions de régulation, ArianeGroup a décidé de remplacer cette substance chimique de ces formulations. Ces travaux de thèse portent donc sur l’élaboration de nouvelles résines époxy biosourcées ayant des propriétés similaires voire supérieures aux références dérivées du bisphénol-A. Pour cela, une bioplatforme de monomères polyépoxydés issus de la vanilline, du méthyl vanillate, du 2,6-diméthoxyphénol et de l’eugénol a été développée. Ces précurseurs biosourcés ont ensuite été utilisés comme précurseurs de réseaux époxyde par réticulation avec des amines. Les réseaux réticulés biosourcés ainsi obtenus ont démontré des propriétés thermomécaniques remarquables bien supérieures à la référence de type DGEBA, notamment en termes de température de transition vitreuse (>300 °C) et taux de coke (>50%). En parallèle de ces travaux, la synthèse de diamines biosourcées, dérivées de la divanilline, et pouvant être utilisées comme agents de réticulation de résines époxy, a été réalisée. Des réseaux époxyde entièrement biosourcés ont ainsi été synthétisés et présentent des propriétés thermomécaniques prometteuses
Today, most of the epoxy resins produced are derived from bisphenol-A (BPA). However, BPA is subject to strong regulations, particularly because of its recent classification as chemical of very high concern by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). In order to anticipate new regulations, ArianeGroup has decided to replace this substance in its applications. The aim of this thesis is to develop new bio-based epoxy thermosets with comparable thermomechanical properties as the ones issued from bisphenol-A-based materials. For this purpose, a bio-platform of epoxy monomers from vanillin, methyl vanillate, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol and eugenol was developed. These precursors were cross-linked with amines used as curing agent to obtain bio-based epoxy networks. The latter demonstrated thermomechanical properties well above the DGEBA-type reference, especially in terms of glass transition temperature (> 300 °C) and char content (> 50%). Finally, the synthesis of bio-based diamines derived from divanillin was developed and enabled the synthesis of fully bio-based epoxy networks with promising thermomechanical properties

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Smith, Kiersten M. "Altering an Epoxy-Amine Thermoset's Performance Through Varying Mix Ratios." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2020. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2195.

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Epoxy resins are used in a number of different industries and therefore have application-specific material requirements, from satellites that require materials that operate in space, to paints and coatings that require high scratch resistance and mechanical durability, to medical devices, designed to be in continuous contact with biological fluids. Commercial epoxy products come with manufacturer’s information explaining the epoxy properties and recommended preparation processing conditions, which may include epoxy resin to curing agent mix ratio (Part A : Part B), cure time, and cure temperature, for example. Due to proprietary reasons, it can be difficult to understand why these values are provided, and more importantly, the consequences when deviating from the prescribed recommendations. When manufacturing bioprocessing products for the medical field, a company is under a limited capacity to change materials of construct. Determining how to modify the processing conditions in order to control the material properties of an epoxy would benefit bioprocessing product manufacturers as it would allow them to use the same epoxy that meets the different application-specific requirements of different products. Five different epoxy systems that were designed for medical applications were characterized to determine how variations in preparation and processing conditions, such as mix ratio (by weight) and cure conditions, affect the final properties of the cured epoxy, including: glass transition temperature, chemical resistance, and coefficient of thermal expansion. For each system, it was found that one mix ratio would produce a material with a maximum glass transition temperature, while changing the mix ratio with either excess Part A epoxy resin or excess Part B amine curing agent would result in a decrease in the glass transition temperature. A higher glass transition temperature indicates higher crosslink density, as a more tightly crosslinked network requires more thermal energy to reach the “rubbery” phase. This mix ratio did not always coincide with the manufacturer’s specifications, suggesting that these recommendations are potentially application specific. While variations in the curing agent’s chemical composition impacted the final material properties of epoxy, as expected, it was also found that varying the mix ratio and annealing conditions resulted in changes in epoxy material properties. A wide range of experiments provided critical data that supported the idea that a single epoxy formulation can be used to produce epoxy materials with varied performance properties through modifications in the preparation and processing conditions, while still remaining usable to manufacture products.

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Rohly, Alison Marie. "Improving Sustainability in Protective Coating Systems." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29267.

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Sustainability has been a driving factor in the recent development of protective coating systems, from reducing volatile organic compounds (VOC’s), integrating biomass for the replacement of petrochemicals, to reducing the number of synthetic or processing steps within a coating system. Incorporating changes to established technologies requires research initiatives focused on matching or exceeding performance properties while maintaining or lowering costs. As a result, sustainable changes to protective coating systems have been under heavy investigation as market demands shift from petrochemicals to renewable materials. This research focuses on the development of unique thermoset coating systems and sustainable improvements. The first study explores the hydrolytic stability between a silanol and an isocyanate, a frequently used reaction that has been relatively understudied. Incorporation of potential hydrolytically unstable silyl carbamates into polyurethane systems may decrease the crosslinking efficiency of the overall network, negatively impacting coating performance. As a result, investigation into the stability of silyl-carbamates may prevent further inefficiencies by eliminating use of this chemistry within polyurethane systems. The second study focuses on the development of alkoxysilane sol-gel consolidants for the protection of stone materials. Sustainable approaches to consolidant formulation include the reduction and elimination of solvent while improving consolidating properties through material selection. The last two studies focus on the incorporation of lignin-derived vanillin into epoxy thermosets and melamine formaldehydes, increasing the overall biobased content of each system.
Office of Naval Research (FAR0025712)
National Center For Preservation Technology and Training, NCPTT (FAR0028305)
EPSCoR/NSF (FAR0030160)

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Tomuta, Adrian Marius. "New and improved thermosets based on epoxy resins and dendritic polyesters." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129288.

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Epoxy resins constitute a class of thermosets which contains more than one epoxide group per molecule, which are very reactive to many curing agents like aromatic or aliphatic amines, acid anhydrides or isocyanates. They are used as reinforced composites, adhesives, high performance coatings and encapsulating materials. Epoxy thermosets have excellent electrical and mechanical properties, good adhesion to many metals and resistance to moisture and thermal and environment exposure. Curing agents that show no activity under normal conditions but show activity by external stimulation, like temperature, can be called ’’latent curing agents”. Among the thermal latent curing agents dicyandiamide (DICY) is one of the most employed in epoxy resin technology. The latent nature of this type of curing agents is due to the insolubility in epoxy resins at room temperature. The use of dihydrazides as curing agents has been scarcely reported in scientific literature but there are some dihydrazides commercially available as latent curing agents. In the present study a series of dihydrazides with different structures were prepared by reaction of dicarboxylic diester with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol. These compounds were studied as curing agents in DGEBA/dihydrazide 2:1 (mol/mol) formulations demonstrating their latent character. In the dihydrazides we have prepared, with aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic moieties a relationship between the melting point of the dihydrazides and the initial curing temperature was observed with the exception of the cycloaliphatic dihydrazide, which was amorphous but initiate the cure at the highest temperature.
En esta tesis, hemos sintetizado y caracterizado una familia de dihidrazidasque han sido utilizadas en el curado térmico de resinas epoxi (DGEBA). Asimismo, se han sintetizado nuevos poliestereshiperramificados con grupos finales no reactivos como modificantes de resinas epoxi, curadas con dihidrazidas y con anhídridos y se han caracterizado los termoestables obtenidos. También hemos sintetizando estructuras dendríticas tipo estrella con núcleos de poliéster aromáticos y brazos de policaprolactona. Estas estructuras se han utilizado como agentes modificantes de sistemas epoxi/anhídrido y epoxi/triflato de iterbio. Se ha podido demostrar la mejora de la tenacidad en los materiales termoestables y de su degradabilidad química, manteniendo sus buenas características termomecánicas.

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Park, In. "Mesostructured silica for the reinforcement of thermoset epoxy polymers." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.

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de, Souza Lucio R. "SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATION OFHIGH PERFORMANCE BENZOXAZINE-EPOXY COPOLYMERS." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1618528984888642.

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Книги з теми "EPOXY THERMOSETES"

J, Bowles Kenneth, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division., eds. A predictive model for failure properties of thermoset resins. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1989.

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Baumgartner, William G., and Sarah R. Sphar. World thermoset resins. Cleveland: Freedonia Group, 2000.

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G, Lance D., Hodge Abraham 1755-1805, and George C. Marshall Space Flight Center., eds. Damage tolerance of candidate thermoset composites for use on single stage to orbit vehicles. MSFS, Ala: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, 1994.

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Saif, Muhammad Jawwad. Acrylate - Based Epoxy Thermosets. Marcon Press, 2021.

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Karak, Niranjan. Sustainable Epoxy Thermosets and Nanocomposites. American Chemical Society, 2021.

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Частини книг з теми "EPOXY THERMOSETES"

Mittal, Vikas. "Epoxy-Vermiculite Nanocomposites." In Thermoset Nanocomposites, 1–16. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527659647.ch1.

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Shibata, Mitsuhiro. "Bio-Based Epoxy Resin/Clay Nanocomposites." In Thermoset Nanocomposites, 189–209. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527659647.ch9.

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Kannan, P., and P. Sudhakara. "Liquid Crystalline Thermoset Epoxy Resins." In High Performance Polymers and Engineering Plastics, 387–422. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118171950.ch11.

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Frischinger, Isabelle, and Stoil Dirlikov. "Two-Phase Interpenetrating Epoxy Thermosets That Contain Epoxidized Triglyceride Oils." In Interpenetrating Polymer Networks, 517–38. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ba-1994-0239.ch025.

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Frischinger, Isabelle, Patrick Muturi, and Stoil Dirlikov. "Two-Phase Interpenetrating Epoxy Thermosets That Contain Epoxidized Triglyceride Oils." In Interpenetrating Polymer Networks, 539–56. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ba-1994-0239.ch026.

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Acebo, Cristina, Xavier Ramis, and Angels Serra. "1. Improved epoxy thermosets by the use of poly(ethyleneimine) derivatives." In Polymer Engineering, edited by Bartosz Tylkowski, Karolina Wieszczycka, and Renata Jastrzab, 1–50. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110469745-001.

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Dirlikov, Stoil, Isabelle Frischinger, and Zhao Chen. "Phase Separation of Two-Phase Epoxy Thermosets That Contain Epoxidized Triglyceride Oils." In Advances in Chemistry, 95–109. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ba-1996-0252.ch007.

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Chen, Can, Wolfgang O. Eisenhut, Kreisler Lau, Alex Ingram, and John Bors. "Stiffening Thin Orthotropic Deck Structures with Thermoset Epoxy Asphalt for Improved Fatigue Resistance." In Testing and Characterization of Asphalt Materials and Pavement Structures, 32–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95789-0_4.

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Byeon, Kyeong Jae, Sung Hoon Hong, Ki Yeon Yang, Deok Kee Kim, and Heon Lee. "Embossing on Epoxy Thermoset Polymer Using SiO₂ Coated Nickel Template." In THERMEC 2006, 3580–85. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-428-6.3580.

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Byeon, Kyeong Jae, Sung Hoon Hong, Ki Yeon Yang, Deok Kee Kim, and Heon Lee. "Embossing on Epoxy Thermoset Polymer Using SiO₂ Coated Nickel Template." In THERMEC 2006, 968–73. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-428-6.968.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "EPOXY THERMOSETES"

Alrashdan, Abdulrahman, William Jordan Wright, and Emrah Celik. "Light Assisted Hybrid Direct Write Additive Manufacturing of Thermosets." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24525.

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Abstract In the past recent years, numerous studies have been conducted on additive manufacturing of thermosets and thermoset composites. Thermosets are an important class of polymers used in engineering applications. Monomer units in these material systems irreversibly cross-link when external stimuli or a chemical crosslinking agent is applied in terms of the curing or photopolymerization process. Thermally curing thermosets mark unique mechanical properties including, high temperature resistance, strong chemical bond, and structural integrity and therefore these materials find wide range of applications currently. However, direct write additive manufacturing of these material systems at high resolution and at complex geometries is challenging. This is due to the slow curing rate of thermally curing thermoset polymers which can adversely affect the printing process, and the final shape of the printed object. On the other hand, VAT Polymerization additive manufacturing, which is based on curing the photopolymer resin by Ultraviolet (UV) light, can allow the fabrication of complex geometries and excellent surface finish of the printed parts due to the fast curing rate of photopolymers used in this technique. Mechanical properties of photopolymers, however, are usually weaker and more unstable compared to the thermally curing polymers used in the direct write additive manufacturing method. Therefore, this study focuses on taking the advantages of these two thermoset additive manufacturing methods by utilizing both the thermally cured epoxy and photopolymer resins together. Using the direct writing, the resin mixture is extruded though a nozzle and the final 3D object is created on the print bed. Simultaneously, the deposited ink is exposed to the UV light enhancing the yield strength of the printed material and partially curing it. Therefore, thermally cured epoxy is used to obtain the desirable mechanical properties, while the addition of the photopolymer resin allows the thermoset mixture to partially solidify the printed ink when exposed to the UV light. The results achieved in this study showed that, the hybrid additive manufacturing technology is capable of fabricating complex and tall structure which cannot be printable via additive manufacturing method. In addition, mechanical properties of the hybrid thermoset ink are comparable to the thermally cured thermoset polymer indicating the great potential of the light-assisted, hybrid manufacturing to fabricate mechanically strong parts at high geometrical resolution.

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WANG, YEQING, and SPENCER LAMPKIN. "RAPID CURING OF EPOXY RESIN USING SELF- SUSTAINED FRONTAL POLYMERIZATION TOWARDS THE ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF THERMOSET FIBER COMPOSITES." In Proceedings for the American Society for Composites-Thirty Seventh Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc37/36414.

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The demand for lightweight and high-performance thermoset fiber composites, such as the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites, has been rapidly increasing in a wide variety of industries. However, thermoset composites require cross linking for curing and consolidation, which is time consuming and can often take several hours. Additionally, the associated capital, operation, and maintenance costs are immense. The major challenge in the additive manufacturing and repair of thermoset-matrix fiber composites is an issue with the in-situ curing. To address this challenge, one of the promising solutions is to use the frontal polymerization technique to significantly reduce the curing time, from several hours to only a few seconds, while simultaneously obviating the need for external heating sources. In this work, the frontal polymerization of the epoxy resin, i.e., one of the most used thermoset resins for fiber composites, is investigated. Specifically, the frontal polymerization is initiated by the ultraviolet LED light. Then, with the help of a thermal co-initiator, the exothermic heating released due to the photopolymerization triggers the thermal polymerization, leading to a selfsustained polymerization front to form and propagate through the epoxy resin. Preliminary experimental results on the effect of weight fraction of the thermal coinitiator on the performance of the frontal polymerization of epoxy resin are presented and discussed. Results include the temperature measurements, SEM images showing the surface morphology of the cured epoxy resin specimens, and the tensile properties of the cured epoxy resin. The tensile properties of the epoxy resin specimens cured using the frontal polymerization technique are also compared with those of a conventional thermoset epoxy resin.

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Sue, Hung-Jue, P. Mac Puckett, and Yee Y. Wang. "Toughening of High Performance Epoxy Adhesives Using Core-Shell Particles." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0512.

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Abstract Epoxy adhesives are commonly toughened by carboxylic terminated butadiene nitrile (CTBN) rubber to improve the T-peel and Lap-shear strength of adhesives. Unfortunately, many key material properties, such as glass-transition temperature (Tg), Young’s modulus, thermal expansion coefficient, and processability, will be compromised if CTBN rubber is utilized for toughening. Furthermore, CTBN rubber has been shown to be ineffective in toughening high performance, highly crosslinked thermosets. Novel rubber toughening approaches have to be sought to overcome the above-mentioned problems. The present work focuses on the use of a core-shell particle (CSP) technology, which is comprised of either a rubber core or a rigid plastic core and a shell that stabilizes the dispersion of particles in thermosets. The results indicate that the toughness can be greatly improved by introducing the CSP for toughening. No reduction in Tg is observed. The modulus of elasticity of the CSP-toughened epoxy systems can be maintained if the core of CSP being utilized is rigid. Furthermore, since the viscosity of the toughened epoxy only increases slightly, no compromise in processability is made. These CSP may be suitable for toughening highly filled thermosets for electronic applications.

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Nawafleh, Nashat, Jordan Chabot, Mutabe Aljaghtham, Cagri Oztan, Edward Dauer, Recep M. Gorguluarslan, Teyfik Demir, and Emrah Celik. "Additive Manufacturing of Kevlar Reinforced Epoxy Composites." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-12215.

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Abstract Additive manufacturing is defined as layer-by-layer deposition of materials on a surface to fabricate 3D objects with reduction in waste, unlike subtractive manufacturing processes. Short, flexible Kevlar fibers have been used in numerous studies to alter mechanical performance of structural components but never investigated within printed thermoset composites. This study investigates the effects of adding short Kevlar fibers on mechanical performance of epoxy thermoset composites and demonstrates that the addition of Kevlar by 5% in weight significantly improves flexure strength, flexural modulus, and failure strain by approximately 49%, 19%, and 38%, respectively. Hierarchical microstructures were imaged using scanning electron microscopy to observe the artefacts such as porosity, infill and material interdiffusion, which are inherent drawbacks of the 3D printing process.

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Prashanth, B., and Q. Huifeng. "High Tg Thermosets Based on Ultra -High Functionality Epoxy Novolacs (EPNs)." In SAMPE neXus 2021. NA SAMPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33599/nasampe/s.21.0413.

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Belmonte, Alberto, Xavier Fernández-Francos, and Silvia De la Flor. "Thermomechanical characterization of thiol-epoxy shape memory thermosets for mechanical actuators design." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF ADVANCED MATERIALS: ICSAAM 2017. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5024162.

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PALMIERI, B. "Viscoelastic characterization of reformable epoxy vitrimers composites." In Material Forming. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902479-202.

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Abstract. Epoxy Vitrimers are gathering attention as a development in the field of more easily re-processable and self-healing thermosets. Incorporating a catalyst should activate the transesterification reaction within the polymeric macromolecule inducing topological modification of the network. Reacting epoxy precursors with suitable anhydrides and acids will promote exchange reactions between esters and beta-hydroxyls, adding the vitrimeric behaviour. In the present work, a commercial epoxy system suitable for CFRP manufacturing has been modified to induce vitrimeric behaviour by exploiting the catalytic activity towards the transesterification reaction of Zn2+. Creep experiments confirm that the resin starts to flow above a critical “Vitrimeric” temperature (Tv). Moreover, the thermoformability of vitrimer-CFRP has been investigated by reprocessing CFRP coupons.

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Hong, Yan, D. Papathanassiou, and P. Gromala. "Implementation of non-linear viscoelasticity for epoxy based thermoset polymers." In 2015 16th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology (ICEPT). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icept.2015.7236648.

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Gromala, P., B. Muthuraman, B. Ozturk, K. M. B. Jansen, and Leo Ernst. "Material characterization and nonlinear viscoelastic modelling of epoxy based thermosets for automotive application." In 2015 16th International Conference on Thermal, Mechanical and Multi-Physics Simulation and Experiments in Microelectronics and Microsystems (EuroSimE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eurosime.2015.7103082.

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Unwin, M. E. "Epoxy Thermosets: The Detection of Adverse Stoichiometry Using Ultrasonic, Dielectric and NMR Techniques." In QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1711744.

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Звіти організацій з теми "EPOXY THERMOSETES"

Story, Natasha. Investigating the Curing Process of Epoxy Thermosets by Near-Infrared (nIR) Spectroscopy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1660573.

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