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Статті в журналах з теми "Epoxy compounds"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 1 серпня 2024

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1

Rudawska, Anna. "Experimental Study of Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Compounds Modified with Calcium Carbonate and Carbon after Hygrothermal Exposure." Materials 13, no. 23 (November 29, 2020): 5439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13235439.

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The objective of this paper is to analyze the effects of hygrothermal exposure on the mechanical properties of epoxy compounds modified with calcium carbonate or carbon fillers. In addition, comparative tests were carried out with the same parameters as hygrothermal exposure, but the epoxy compounds were additionally exposed to thermal shocks. The analysis used cylindrical specimens produced from two different epoxy compounds. The specimens were fabricated from compounds of epoxy resins, based on Bisphenol A (one mixture modified, one unmodified) and a polyamide curing agent. Some of the epoxy compounds were modified with calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The remainder were modified with activated carbon (C). Each modifying agent, or filler, was added at a rate of 1 g, 2 g, or 3 g per 100 g of epoxy resin. The effect of the hygrothermal exposure (82 °C temperature and 95% RH humidity) was examined. The effects of thermal shocks, achieved by cycling between 82 °C and −40 °C, on selected mechanical properties of the filler-modified epoxy compounds were investigated. Strength tests were carried out on the cured epoxy compound specimens to determine the shear strength, compression modulus, and compressive strain. The analysis of the results led to the conclusion that the type of tested epoxy compounds and the quantity and type of filler determine the effects of climate chamber aging and thermal shock chamber processing on the compressive strength for the tested epoxy compounds. The different filler quantities, 1–3 g of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) or activated carbon (C), determined the strength parameters, with results varying from the reference compounds and the compounds exposure in the climate chamber and thermal shock chamber. The epoxy compounds which contained unmodified epoxy resin achieved a higher strength performance than the epoxy compounds made with modified epoxy resin. In most instances, the epoxy compounds modified with CaCO3 had a higher compressive strength than the epoxy compounds modified with C (activated carbon).

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2

Mikroyannidis, John A. "Self-curing epoxy compounds." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 41, no. 1112 (1990): 2613–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070411109.

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3

Rudawska, Anna. "Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Compounds Based on Unmodified Epoxy Resin Modified with Boric Acid as an Antiseptic." Materials 17, no. 1 (January 3, 2024): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17010259.

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The objective of this study was to compare the selected mechanical properties of epoxy compounds based on an unmodified epoxy resin with those containing an antiseptic as a modifying agent. Experiments were carried out on twelve epoxy compounds made of an epoxy resin based on bisphenol A (BPA) with a basic epoxide amount of 0.48–0.51 mol/100 g. Three curing agents were used: one polyamide (a polyaminoamide curing agent) and two amines (one was an adduct of aliphatic amine and aromatic glycidyl ether, and the other was an adduct of cycloaliphatic amine). The epoxy compounds were modified by adding an antiseptic in the form of powdered boric acid (H3BO3) in three amounts: 0.5 g, 1.0 g, and 1.5 g. The cured modified and unmodified epoxy compounds were subjected to compressive strength testing and microscopic examination. The experimental results showed that the epoxy compounds containing adduct of aliphatic amine (triethylenetetramine) and aromatic glycidyl ether as the amine curing agent, i.e., E5/ET/100:18, had the highest compressive strength out of all the tested epoxy compounds, with the highest value of 119 MPa obtained for the epoxy compound modified by the addition of 1.0 g boric acid. The epoxy compounds modified with boric acid acquired antiseptic properties and, for most cases, exhibited a higher compressive strength than the unmodified epoxy compounds (not lower than that specified by the manufacturer for unmodified epoxy compounds).

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4

Saiki, Hiroyuki, Yasuo Marumo, Hiroshi Nishitake, Masahiro Hazama, and Fuminori Sakata. "Deformation Characteristics of Epoxy Compounds for Semiconductor Integrated Circuits." Advanced Materials Research 15-17 (February 2006): 599–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.15-17.599.

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Анотація:

Tensile tests of epoxy molding compounds were carried out using specimens composed of epoxy molding compounds which are transfer molded and post cured. The mechanical characteristics of the epoxy molding compounds change significantly due to changes in temperature and strain rate. In addition, the effect of nonlinear viscosity is large in both elastic and plastic regions. The characteristics of the visco-elastic-plastic behaviors of the epoxy molding compounds were examined. The behavior characteristics of the epoxy molding compounds during loading and unloading were shown in detail.

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5

Chen, Li, and Ying Huang. "Modification of Epoxy Molding Compounds with Epoxy-terminated Polydimethylsiloxane." Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry 12, no. 5 (October 1, 1995): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/j.issn.1000-0518.1995.5.6772.

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6

Suojalehto, Hille, Joaquin Sastre, Emilia Merimaa, Irmeli Lindström, and Katri Suuronen. "Occupational Asthma From Epoxy Compounds." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice 7, no. 1 (January 2019): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2018.07.023.

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7

Karandashov, Oleg, and Viacheslav Avramenko. "Studies of Thermal Stability of Epoxy Compounds for Glass-Fiber Pipes." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 11, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht11.01.061.

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8

Rudawska, Anna, and Mariaenrica Frigione. "Effect of Diluents on Mechanical Characteristics of Epoxy Compounds." Polymers 14, no. 11 (June 3, 2022): 2277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14112277.

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Анотація:

The aim of this work is to assess the influence of different commercial diluents on some mechanical properties of two bisphenolic epoxy compounds, cold-cured by a polyamide curing agent, to be employed as epoxy structural adhesives for building and industrial applications. The diluents under analysis were epoxy, bituminous, nitro, acrylic and extraction. The choice of these products was made on the basis of their wide commercial availability as diluents for epoxies used as adhesives and in different industrial and construction applications. The diluents were all added in small proportions, i.e., from 1 to 10 g per 100 g of epoxy resin. The cold-cured epoxy compounds were subjected to compressive (according to ISO 604) and static tensile (according to ISO 527-1) tests. The same mechanical tests were performed on both unmodified epoxy resins, for comparison purposes. On the basis of the obtained results, it was concluded that the influence of the presence of a diluent, and of its amount, on the mechanical properties of epoxy compounds depends on the type of resin and of diluent, as well as on the mechanical characteristics analyzed.

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9

Gemuev, Sh I., and A. I. Gemuev. "Advanced technology of epoxy molding compounds production and strength characteristics of developed epoxy molding compounds." Polymer materials and technologies 2, no. 3 (2016): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32864/polymmattech-2016-2-3-73-75.

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10

Waechter, John M., and Gauke E. Veenstra. "ChemInform Abstract: Epoxy Compounds: Aromatic Diglycidyl Ethers, Polyglycidyl Ethers, Glycidyl Esters, and Miscellaneous Epoxy Compounds." ChemInform 33, no. 42 (May 19, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200242272.

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11

Egunova, T. N., and N. I. Baurova. "Investigation of operational properties of epoxy-sand compounds used in repair of machines." Technology of Metals, no. 2 (February 2023): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31044/1684-2499-2023-0-2-11-18.

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Анотація:

The results of a series of experimental studies of the properties of epoxy-sand compounds used in the repair of components of road construction machines are presented. The influence of the preparation of a dispersed filler on the properties and structure of the compound has been evaluated. The resistance of the epoxy-sand compounds to the effects of aggressive media (anti-icing materials) was investigated. The values of the friction coefficients of the epoxy-sand compound were determined. It was found that reducing the filler concentration provided the best resistance of epoxy-sand compounds to aggressive media and the best wear resistance of the compound.

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12

Jolanki, Riitta, Lasse Kanerva, Tuula Estlander, Kyllikki Tarvainen, Helena Keskinen, and Maj-Len Henriks-Eckrmaan. "Occupational dermatoses from epoxy resin compounds." Contact Dermatitis 23, no. 3 (September 1990): 172–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1990.tb04779.x.

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13

Shtrombakh, Ya I., P. A. Platonov, N. S. Lobanov, O. K. Chugunov, V. P. Aleksandrov, and O. A. Zinov’ev. "Epoxy Compounds for Immobilizing Radioactive Wastes." Atomic Energy 98, no. 5 (May 2005): 331–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10512-005-0213-7.

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14

Ladaniuc, Magdalena Adriana, Gheorghe Hubca, Raluca Gabor, Cristian Andi Nicolae, Elvira Alexandrescu, and Teodor San. "Epoxy Composites Based on Resins Having High Flexibility Reinforced with Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes." Materiale Plastice 54, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.17.1.4800.

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The present paper was aimed at achieving a study on carbon nanotubes-reinforced composites and involved obtaining and characterization of composites based on epoxy compounds modified with hydroxyl groups-containing compounds (glycols). In order to obtain high flexibility epoxy resins-based composites, carboxyl- functionalized MWCNTs were used as filler at a concentration of 0.5 %. The influence of the weight concentration in CNTs on the mechanical and thermo -mechanical properties of the epoxy compounds was evaluated in comparison to mechanical properties of the DGEBA standard composites reinforced with 0.5 % MWCNT.

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15

Liu, Ying-Ling, Yu-Lo Lin, Chih-Ping Chen, and Ru-Jong Jeng. "Preparation of epoxy resin/silica hybrid composites for epoxy molding compounds." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 90, no. 14 (October 29, 2003): 4047–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.13159.

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16

Nogueira, Encarna, Enrique Guitián, Luis Castedo, and Alfonso Castiñeiras. "Tandem Benzyne Cycloadditions Leading to Polycyclic Compounds." Australian Journal of Chemistry 50, no. 7 (1997): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c96083.

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Deoxykojic acid (1) reacts with two benzyne molecules to afford 9-methyl-7-phenoxy-5,9-dihydro-5,9-epoxy-6H-benzocyclohepten-6-one (2) in 33% yield. Maltol (5) reacts with three molecules of benzyne to afford (4bα,5β,10β,11aα)-10-methyl-11a-phenoxy-4b,5,10,11a-tetrahydro-5,10-epoxy-11H- benzo[a]benzo[3,4]cyclobuta[1,2-d]cyclohepten-11-one (6a) in 36% yield.

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17

Tosti, Antonella, Liliana Guerra, Colombina Vincenzi, and Anna Maria Peluso. "Occupational Skin Hazards from Synthetic Plastics." Toxicology and Industrial Health 9, no. 3 (May 1993): 493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379300900308.

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Анотація:

Epoxy and acrylic resins have numerous industrial applications but are also widely used in the household environment. These compounds are presently one of the most important sources of occupational contact dermatitis. Contact sensitization to epoxy resins is usually caused by the resin itself but hardeners or other additives, such as reactive diluents, plasticizers, fillers and pigments, can occasionally be responsible. Since completely cured epoxy resins are not sensitizers, epoxy resin sensitization is always due to the presence, in the final polymer, of uncured allergenic low molecular weight oligomers. Acrylates are now considered the fourth most common cause of contact sensitization due to resins. Unpolymerized monomers of acrylic compounds are known to be responsible for the contact allergy. Accelerators, inhibitors and catalysts, which are usually added to the acrylates to promote the polymerization process, can also sensitize. Both allergic and irritant contact dermatitis may be caused by exposure to epoxy or acrylic resins and their additives. Contact urticaria, allergic or irritant airborne contact dermatitis caused by volatile compounds, onychia and paronychia can also occur. From January of 1984 to May of 1992 we detected 39 cases of occupational allergic contact dermatitis to epoxy resin system substances and 11 cases of occupational contact sensitization to acrylic compounds. In our experience, the electronics industry as well as paint and glue related activities were the most important sources of epoxy sensitization. Dental materials and anaerobic sealants were found to be the most frequent acrylate sensitizers.

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18

Uschitsky, M., and E. Suhir. "Moisture Diffusion in Epoxy Molding Compounds Filled With Particles." Journal of Electronic Packaging 123, no. 1 (September 2, 1998): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1325009.

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Mechanical reliability of epoxy molding compounds in plastic packages of integrated circuits (IC) is greatly affected by the compound ability to absorb moisture. Accordingly, the objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of moisture sorption on the mechanical properties of the compound. Experimental studies were conducted to evaluate the moisture diffusion in compounds with different, from moderate to high, concentration of silica and alumina nitride fillers. The weight-gained analysis indicated that the moisture diffusion was of non-Fickian type and depended mainly on the specimen’s relative humidity and the filler concentration. We found that although the hygro-thermal stresses, caused by moisture diffusion, were relatively low, such diffusion led to an appreciable decrease in the compound’s strength. Moisture diffusion can result also in a substantial increase in the material’s plasticity. The obtained results can be helpful in the analysis of the mechanical behavior of molding compounds employed in electronic packaging. These results can be used to better understand and to improve the reliability of plastic packages of IC devices.

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19

Kim, Young-Hun, Jeong Ju Baek, Ki Cheol Chang, Baek Soo Park, Won-Gun Koh, and Gyojic Shin. "Effect of Synthetic Low-Odor Thiol-Based Hardeners Containing Hydroxyl and Methyl Groups on the Curing Behavior, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resins." Polymers 15, no. 13 (July 4, 2023): 2947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15132947.

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A novel thiol-functionalized polysilsesqioxane containing hydroxyl and methyl groups was synthesized using a simple acid-catalyzed sol–gel method to develop an epoxy hardener with low odor, low volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, and fast curing at low temperatures. The synthesized thiol-based hardeners were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and gel permeation chromatography and compared with commercially available hardeners in terms of odor intensity and VOC emissions using the air dilution olfaction method and VOC analysis. The curing behavior and thermal and mechanical properties of the epoxy compounds prepared with the synthesized thiol-based hardeners were also evaluated. The results showed that synthetic thiol-based hardeners containing methyl and hydroxyl groups initiated the curing reaction of epoxy compounds at 53 °C and 45 °C, respectively. In contrast, commercial thiol-based hardeners initiated the curing reaction at 67 °C. Additionally, epoxy compounds with methyl-containing synthetic thiol-based hardeners exhibited higher TGA at a 5% weight loss temperature (>50 °C) and lap shear strength (20%) than those of the epoxy compounds with commercial thiol-based hardeners.

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20

Nistor, Alexandru, Agneta Maria Pusztai, Mircea Constantin Sora, Bogdan Hoinoiu, Mihai Ionac, and Petru Matusz. "Training in Flap Harvesting using Corrosion Casted Pig Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Flaps Choosing the Optimal Plastic Compound for Corrosion Casting." Materiale Plastice 54, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 578–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.17.3.4900.

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Plastic compounds have been used for several decades to generate anatomical constructs for the training of new surgeons and medical students alike. The present study seeks to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of two different plastic compounds (Technovit 7143 and Epoxi BIODURÒE12) used to create corrosion casts of the vascular branching patterns in free muscle flaps. Porcine latissimus dorsi muscle free flaps were used in this study to create corrosion casts of their vascular branching tree by injecting the two different plastic compound into the main arterial supply. The casts generated by Epoxy BIODURÒ E12 have superior qualities compared to the casts injected with Technovit 7143, because the injection process is smoother at all branching levels, without dilation, strictures or intramuscular extravasation of the injectable plastic compound. The corrosion casts resulted from injecting Epoxy BIODURÒ E12 exhibit better elasticity and better resistance to mechanical handling compared to the ones injected with Technovit 7143.

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21

Chen, Chien-Han, Shih-Huang Tung, Ru-Jong Jeng, Mahdi M. Abu-Omar, and Ching-Hsuan Lin. "A facile strategy to achieve fully bio-based epoxy thermosets from eugenol." Green Chemistry 21, no. 16 (2019): 4475–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9gc01184f.

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22

Kayed, Akram M., EL Sayed M. Elghaly, and Atef A. El-Hela. "New Epoxy Megastigmane glucoside from Dactyloctenium aegyptium L.P.Beauv Wild (Crowfootgrass)." Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research 4, no. 6 (December 25, 2015): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2015.4605.

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Анотація:

Phytochemical investigation of Dactyloctenium aegyptium L. Wild herbrevealed the isolation and identification of three new compounds5-hydroxypyrimidine- 2,4 (3H,5H)- dione [6],6'Glyceryl asysgangoside[8],and 2 amino, 2 methyl,(5,6 di hydroxymethyl ), 1,4 dioxane [11]were isolated for the first time from nature in addition tonine known compounds, P.hydroxy benzaldhyde[1], tricin [2],P.hydroxy benzoic acid[3], vanillic acid [4], β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside [5], asysgangoside[7] adenine[9], uridine[10] and sucrose[12]The structural elucidations of isolated compounds were established on the basis of UV,IR, NMR and MS spectral analyses. Compounds 7 was isolated for the first time from the family. The n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of Dactyloctenium aegyptium L. showed significant activities against antiviral, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. The ethyl acetate fraction appeared to be the most active one.

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23

Donato, R. K., M. Perchacz, S. Ponyrko, K. Z. Donato, H. S. Schrekker, H. Beneš, and L. Matějka. "Epoxy–silica nanocomposite interphase control using task-specific ionic liquids via hydrolytic and non-hydrolytic sol–gel processes." RSC Advances 5, no. 111 (2015): 91330–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra18387a.

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Carboxylic-functionalized task-specific imidazolium ionic liquids (carboxylic-IL) presented selective high reactivities with epoxy-functionalized compounds, even in highly complex epoxy–silica nanocomposite systems.

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24

Svoboda, Jiří, Zuzana Kocfeldová, and Jaroslav Paleček. "Reaction of 4-substituted benzaldehydes and acetophenones with chloroacetonitrile." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 53, no. 4 (1988): 822–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19880822.

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Under conditions of phase-transfer catalysis or in homogeneous solution of potassium tert-butoxide the title compounds give stereoisomeric mixtures of substituted 2,3-epoxy nitriles III and IV. Alkaline hydrolysis of epoxy nitriles IV afforded the corresponding 2-arylpropanals in low yields. On treatment with methanol and potassium carbonate, epoxy nitriles III and IV were converted into epoxy esters in good yields.

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25

Trofimov, D. A., S. I. Shalgunov, and I. D. Simonov-Emel’yanov. "Desorption of Inactive Solvent from Epoxy Compounds." Polymer Science, Series D 14, no. 2 (April 2021): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1995421221020350.

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26

Li, Lingling, Ying Li, Xia Wang, and Qingzhi Dong. "Synthesis and application of fluorinated epoxy compounds." Emerging Materials Research 4, no. 1 (June 2015): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/emr.14.00035.

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27

Skoet, Rikke, Carsten Tollund, and Poul Erik Bloch-Thomsen. "Epoxy Contact Dermatitis due to Pacemaker Compounds." Cardiology 99, no. 2 (2003): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000069721.

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28

Gaydou, Emile M., Jacqueline Smadja, Claude Lageot, and Robert Faure. "Sesquiterpene Epoxidation: Rearrangement of (+)-Ledene Epoxy Compounds." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 44, no. 7 (January 1996): 1840–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf950706q.

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29

Şen, N., Y. Kar, and S. Kurbanov. "Alkylation of pyridinecarbaldehyde oximes with epoxy compounds." Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry 43, no. 3 (March 2007): 449–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070428007030220.

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30

Kas’yan, L. I., A. O. Kas’yan, and E. A. Golodaeva. "Methods and mechanisms of epoxy compounds reduction." Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry 44, no. 2 (February 2008): 153–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070428008020012.

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31

Wereszczak, Andrew A., Timothy G. Morrissey, Charles N. Volante, Phillip J. Farris, Robert J. Groele, Randy H. Wiles, and Hsin Wang. "Thermally Conductive MgO-Filled Epoxy Molding Compounds." IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology 3, no. 12 (December 2013): 1994–2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcpmt.2013.2281212.

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32

Jain, R. K., and S. Chandra. "Speciality epoxy resins derived from heterocyclic compounds." Pigment & Resin Technology 19, no. 2 (February 1990): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb042693.

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33

Kjeć-Swierczynska, Marta. "Allergy to epoxy compounds over a decade." Contact Dermatitis 32, no. 3 (March 1995): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00819.x.

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34

GRECHINA, N. V., L. V. MEL'NIK, and S. I. KRYUKOV. "ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Epoxy Compounds." ChemInform 24, no. 47 (August 20, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199347102.

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35

Staszko, Sebastian, Marzena Półka, and Paweł Kozikowski. "Analysis of the Influence of Organophosphorus Compounds and of Aluminium and Magnesium Hydroxides on Combustion Properties of Epoxy Materials." Energies 15, no. 18 (September 13, 2022): 6696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15186696.

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Анотація:

This paper presents the influence of selected flame retardant additives on heat release rate and thermokinetics properties of epoxy materials made of epoxy resin—Epidian 5. The epoxy resin underwent flame retardant modification with the use of organophosphorus compounds (Roflam F5, Roflam B7) and Al(OH)3, Mg(OH)2. The fire characteristics of the analysed epoxy resin were determined using the cone calorimeter method, and thermal analysis of epoxy resin and the surface morphology of the analysed epoxy materials was with the use of an SEM microscope with an EDS attachment. The lowest value of the heat release rate was recorded for hardened epoxy resin containing one component additive 5% by weight of Mg(OH)2, as well as two component additive 10% by weight of Roflam F5 and 5% by weight of Al(OH)3. Moreover, the initial temperature of thermal decomposition of phase I of the modified epoxy resin samples with Mg(OH)2 (sample 5M) or organophosphorus compounds and Mg(OH)2 (samples 5B + 10M and 5F + 10M) were higher compared to the unmodified epoxy resin for these samples. Considering the surface morphology of the samples with Mg(OH)2, it can be concluded that the additives cause a homogeneous charred layer.

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36

Wolok, Eduart, and Fahriadi Pakaya. "Experimental Investigation of Epoxy/Poly(amino amide)/Phthalic Anhydride: Mechanical Properties and Thermal Stability." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 2820–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8946.

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Epoxy resin is one of materials engineering that is widely applied especially in the shipping industry, aviation, automotive, and others. With a variety of applications led many scientists in the field of materials engineering work to improve the properties and ability of the epoxy either by changing the structure of epoxy. One way to improve the properties of epoxy is adding certain compounds that can react and able to change the properties of the epoxy according to the requirement. In this study, to improve the properties of the epoxy, then added phthalic anhydride compounds. The epoxy was cured using poly(amino amide) (PAA) as hardener at 40 wt%. The composition of phthalic anhydride (PA) was added at 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt%. The epoxy/PAA/PA was evaluated as the effect of phthalic anhydride composition. The addition of phthalic anhydride increase the elongation at break, energy and impact strength but decreased tensile strength and thermal stability. The optimum of energy and impact strength was at 20 wt% phthalic anhydride respectively 0.398 J and 5450,48 J/m2 The addition of phthalic anhydride decrease the thermal properties of epoxy/PAA/PA. Stability of the lowest in the addition of 15 wt% PA around 146 °C.

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37

Rudawska, Anna. "Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Compounds Based on Bisphenol a Aged in Aqueous Environments." Polymers 13, no. 6 (March 19, 2021): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13060952.

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(1) Background: The aim of the work is to determine the influence of selected aqueous environments of various types of liquids on the strength of adhesive compositions prepared from epoxy resin based on bisphenol A combined with two different curing agents: tritethylenetetramine and polyaminoamide C. (2) Methods: The cured epoxy adhesive compounds samples were seasoned in four aqueous environments of the liquid: rainwater, demineralized water, tap water, and a sweetened drink. Three variants of the aging time in the above-mentioned operating environments were adopted: one month, two months, and three months. After the specified maturing time, samples of epoxy adhesive compositions were subjected to the strength tests on the Zwick/Roell 150 testing machine, which is in accordance with ISO 604 standard, determining the compressive strength. (3) Results: On the basis of the obtained strength test results and their analysis, it was noticed, inter alia, that the strength of the epoxy compounds decreases with the aging time in all used aqueous environments. Moreover, in the case of both types of the epoxy compounds, the highest strength was achieved after aging in demineralized water.

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38

Gotlib, Еlena M., Anh Nguyen, and Аlla G. Sokolova. "Modifying epoxy polymers by cyclic carbonates of epoxidated plant oils." Vestnik MGSU, no. 12 (December 2018): 1491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2018.12.1491-1498.

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Introduction. Application of renewable raw materials for manufacturing non-toxic components of polymer materials is of great practical interest. Cyclic carbonates on the base of epoxidated rubber tree oil could be seen as a promising alternative of fossil fuels. The ability of compounds containing cyclic carbonates to interact with primary amines and to form urethane and hydroxyl groups makes them rather efficient modifiers of amine-toughened epoxy compounds on the base of low-molecular diane oligomers. Introduction of cyclic carbonates enhances impact behavior of epoxy materials as well as their adhesion and strength properties. Materials and methods. Epoxy resin ED-20 was used for the research, as a cross-linking agent for cold toughening aminealkylphenol AF-2 was used; cyclic carbonates of epoxidated soy oils and rubber tree oil were applied as modifiers. Adhesional strength of bond joints has been determined in compliance with the GOST 28840-90, abrasive hardness of epoxy compound samples has been tested by the vertical optical caliper IZV-1. Results. When applying two-stage technology for obtaining epoxy cyclic carbonate compounds, there has been appeared a significant increase of adhesion to aluminum. This effect could be even more noticeable with increasing temperature during the stage of mixture of the amine toughener with the cyclic carbonate modifier. High viscosity of cyclic carbonate modifiers complicates the process of mixing components of the epoxy compound and correspondingly its application as a backing of glues and linings. The authors researched cyclic carbonates of epoxidated soy oil with various averaged functionality as modifiers. Application of epoxy materials CESO-75 as a modifier has proven to be more forward-thinking for the reasons of cost-efficiency and for operating and technological properties. CESO lowers the coefficient of static friction for epoxy materials together with enhancing their abrasion hardness. Conclusions. Cyclic carbonates of epoxidated plant oils (soy oil and rubber tree oil) as rather efficient non-toxic modifiers of epoxy polymers are of practical interest. They are produced on the base of annually renewable plant raw materials. Their application enables to enhance abrasion hardness and adhesion properties of epoxy compounds and also improve their antifriction properties.

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39

Li, Hai Yan, and Chuan Hai Xie. "Epoxy Curing System with Liquid 1,3-Bis(3-aminopropyl) tetramethyl Disiloxane as Curing Agent for Advanced Electronic Package." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 2135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.2135.

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, 1,3-bis(3-aminopropyl) tetramethyl disiloxane (DS) is used as liquid epoxy curing agent of epoxy molding compounds(EMCs) for high-reliability semiconductor devices. Experimental results indicated that DS could be effectively used as epoxy curing agent and greatly lower the viscosity of epoxy system, in which way, the coefficient of thermal expasion(CTE) of EMCs can be lowered effectively by increasing the filler loading. The concentration of DS strongly affected the mechanical properties of the thermally cured epoxy composites. As expected, the flexural modulus of epoxy composite decreased and the toughness was improved.

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40

Iji, Masatoshi, and Yukihiro Kiuchi. "Flame-retardant epoxy resin compounds containing novolac derivatives with aromatic compounds." Polymers for Advanced Technologies 12, no. 7 (2001): 393–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.66.

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41

Rudawska, Anna, Katarzyna Sarna-Boś, Adrianna Rudawska, Ewa Olewnik-Kruszkowska, and Mariaenrica Frigione. "Biological Effects and Toxicity of Compounds Based on Cured Epoxy Resins." Polymers 14, no. 22 (November 14, 2022): 4915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14224915.

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The aim of this work was to investigate selected biological and toxicity properties of cured epoxy resin-based compounds based on a bisphenol A epoxy resin, cold-cured by a polyamide and containing two types of metal powders (aluminum and copper). This study involved cytotoxicity analysis, pH measurements, absorbance measurements and sterilization. The cytotoxicity analysis was conducted to determine the harmful degree of the cured epoxy resin. Aimed at identifying toxic agents in cured compounds, the cytotoxicity analysis involved absorbance measurements in an entire wavelength range. Cytotoxicity and absorbance results demonstrated that the extracts of all the tested resin samples had no cytotoxic effects on the cells of living organisms. The absorbance values obtained over the entire wavelength range did not point to the formation of aggregations, which proved that no toxic agents harmful to living organisms were extracted from the resin samples. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that all tested compounds, based on epoxy resins, which are also used as adhesives in various applications, are essentially safe materials when using such formulations in a cured state.

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42

Balaeva, S. M., Dzhul’etta A. Beeva, Zh T. Balaeva, N. M. Mirzoeva, and A. A. Kyarov. "Epoxy Sulfur Containing Olygomers for Fire-Resistant Compounds Based on 2,2di-(4-Oxyphenil)Sulfone." Key Engineering Materials 899 (September 8, 2021): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.899.287.

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The article presents information on the synthesis of epoxy oligomers based on 2,2-di-(4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone (DODPS) and hexachloroethane (HCE). We showed the results of a study of the adhesive properties and fire resistance of epoxy polymers. The synthesized sulfur-containing epoxy oligomers have a reasonably low viscosity and high fire resistance. Casting compounds obtained on their basis have improved performance characteristics.

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43

Sag, Jacob, Daniela Goedderz, Philipp Kukla, Lara Greiner, Frank Schönberger, and Manfred Döring. "Phosphorus-Containing Flame Retardants from Biobased Chemicals and Their Application in Polyesters and Epoxy Resins." Molecules 24, no. 20 (October 17, 2019): 3746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24203746.

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Phosphorus-containing flame retardants synthesized from renewable resources have had a lot of impact in recent years. This article outlines the synthesis, characterization and evaluation of these compounds in polyesters and epoxy resins. The different approaches used in producing biobased flame retardant polyesters and epoxy resins are reported. While for the polyesters biomass derived compounds usually are phosphorylated and melt blended with the polymer, biobased flame retardants for epoxy resins are directly incorporated into the polymer structure by a using a phosphorylated biobased monomer or curing agent. Evaluating the efficiency of the flame retardant composites is done by discussing results obtained from UL94 vertical burning, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimetry tests. The review ends with an outlook on future development trends of biobased flame retardant systems for polyesters and epoxy resins.

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44

Jawad, Sabrean Farhan. "Flammability of Polyester and Epoxy Resins by Using Some of a New Organic Compounds." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 5 (March 31, 2020): 1375–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i5/pr201808.

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45

Liu, Zhang, Wu, Chen, Li, Dai, and Wang. "Four New ent-Kaurane Diterpene Glycosides from Isodon henryi." Molecules 24, no. 15 (July 27, 2019): 2736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24152736.

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To obtain diterpene glycosides from an aqueous extract of the aerial parts of Isodon henryi and further investigate their cytotoxicities, in this study, a total of seven compounds were isolated, including six ent-kaurane diterpene glycosides (1–6) and one diterpene aglycon (7). Among the seven ent-kaurane diterpenes obtained, four were novel compounds, including ent-7,20-epoxy- kaur-16-en-1α,6β,7β,15β-tetrahydroxyl-11-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), ent-7,20-epoxy-kaur-16-en- 6β,7β,14β,15β-tetrahydroxyl-1-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), ent-7,20-epoxy-kaur-16-en-6β,7β,15β- trihydroxyl-1-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), and ent-7,20-epoxy-kaur-16-en-7β,11β,14α,15β-tetrahydr- oxyl-6-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (4), and three were isolated from this plant for the first time (5–7). Their structures were elucidated by utilizing spectroscopic methods and electronic circular dichroism analyses. Furthermore, the cytotoxicities of all seven compounds were investigated in four human cancer cell lines, including A2780, BGC-823, HCT-116, and HepG2. The IC50 values of these diterpenes ranged from 0.18 to 2.44 mM in the tested cell lines. In addition, the structure–cytotoxicity relationship of diterpene glycosides was also evaluated to study the effect of glycosylation on the cytotoxicity of diterpene compounds.

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46

Blanco, Maria C., Alirio Palma, Justo Cobo, and Christopher Glidewell. "Nine closely related tetrahydro-1,4-epoxy-1-benzazepines carrying pendant heterocyclic substituents: hydrogen-bonded supramolecular assembly in zero, one and two dimensions." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 68, no. 3 (February 24, 2012): o131—o140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s010827011200707x.

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The structures are reported of nine closely related tetrahydro-1,4-epoxy-1-benzazepines carrying pendant heterocyclic substituents, namely: 2-exo-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,4-epoxy-1H-1-benzazepine, C14H12N2O4, (I), 7-fluoro-2-exo-(1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,4-epoxy-1H-1-benzazepine, C15H15FN2O, (II), 7-fluoro-2-exo-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,4-epoxy-1H-1-benzazepine, C15H14FNO2, (III), 7-fluoro-2-exo-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,4-epoxy-1H-1-benzazepine, C15H14FNOS, (IV), 7-fluoro-2-exo-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,4-epoxy-1H-1-benzazepine, C15H14FNOS, (V), 7-chloro-2-exo-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,4-epoxy-1H-1-benzazepine, C15H14ClNO2, (VI), 2-exo-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)-7-trifluoromethoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,4-epoxy-1H-1-benzazepine, C16H14F3NO3, (VII), 2-exo-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)-7-trifluoromethoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,4-epoxy-1H-1-benzazepine, C16H14F3NO2S, (VIII), and 2-exo-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)-7-trifluoromethoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,4-epoxy-1H-1-benzazepine, C15H11F3N2O5, (IX). All nine compounds crystallize in centrosymmetric space groups as racemic mixtures with configuration (2RS,4SR). There are no direction-specific interactions between the molecules in (V). The molecules in (III), (IV), (VI) and (VII) are linked into simple chains, by means of a single C—H...O hydrogen bond in each of (III), (VI) and (VII), and by means of a single C—H...π(arene) hydrogen bond in (IV), while the molecules in (VIII) are linked into a chain of rings. In each of (I) and (II), a combination of one C—H...O hydrogen bond and one C—H...π(arene) hydrogen bond links the molecules into sheets, albeit of completely different construction in the two compounds. In (IX), the sheet structure is built from a combination of four independent C—H...O hydrogen bonds and one C—H...π(arene) hydrogen bond. Comparisons are made with some related compounds.

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47

Babkin, V. A., D. S. Andreev, E. S. Titova, A. V. Ignatov, R. O. Boldyrev, V. S. Belousova, and A. I. Rakhimov. "CALCULATION OF THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF SOME EPOXY MOLECULES BY THE DFT METHOD." IZVESTIA VOLGOGRAD STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 12(259) (December 21, 2021): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35211/1990-5297-2021-12-259-32-34.

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In this work, we performed a quantum-chemical calculation of some epoxy molecules: 1,2-epoxy-butene, 1,2-epoxy-2-methylpropane, 1,2 epoxyethane by the density functional theory DFT. An optimized geometric and electronic structure of these compounds is obtained. It was found that the studied epoxides belong to the class of very weak СH-acids (pKa = 28-30).

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48

Bělohradský, Martin, Petr Holý, Ivan Stibor, and Jiří Závada. "A versatile synthesis of oligocrown compounds with hydroxyl groups at the hinge." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 52, no. 12 (1987): 2961–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19872961.

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Oxirane ring-opening reaction of N-(2,3-epoxy-1-propyl) azacrowns Ia-Ic and 4,5-epoxy-2-oxapentylcrowns IIa-IIe with mono- and diamines (including mono- and diazacrowns) afforded array of new di-, tri-, and tetracrown compounds with hydroxyl groups placed at the hinge.

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49

Anjari, Intan Hawina, Desi Harneti, Kindi Farabi, Al Arofatus Naini, Ace Tatang Hidayat, Risyandi Anwar, Hadi Kuncoro, Mohamad Nurul Azmi, and Unang Supratman. "Cytotoxic Dammarane-Type Triterpenoids from <i>Aglaia cucullata</i> Peel Fruit." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 24, no. 1 (February 1, 2024): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.83694.

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Four triterpenoids, known as dammarane-type, dammaradienone (1), 20(S),25-epoxy-5α-dammar-20-en-3-one (2), 20(S)-5α-dammar-24-en-3α,20-diol-3-acetate (3) and 3α-acetyl-20S,24S-epoxy-25-hydroxydammarane (4), were isolated from Aglaia cucullata peel fruit. The structures of isolated compounds were identified based on their HR-TOFMS data and extensive NMR spectroscopic analysis, as well as compared with literature data. Compounds 1-4 were assessed for cytotoxic effects against HeLa cervical and B16-F10 melanoma skin cancer cells. All compounds showed moderate to weak activity against B16-F10 cancer cells, while compound 2 exhibited the strongest activity against HeLa cancer cells with IC50 of 7.10 µg/mL indicating that the existence of an epoxy moiety at the side chain increases the cytotoxicity to HeLa cells.

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50

Shareef AbdulRazaq, Jaafar, Abdul Kareem F. Hassan, and Nuha Hadi Jasim Al Hasan. "Epoxy–Silica Functionally Graded Materials: A Review." Basrah journal for engineering science 23, no. 2 (December 30, 2023): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33971/bjes.23.2.4.

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This article provides an overview of the studies that have been conducted on the characteristics of epoxy resins containing various types of silica nanoparticles and microparticles, as well as their performance in the industrial application of functionally graded materials (FGMs). Silica nanoparticles and microparticles are used to create epoxy resins in order to improve various properties, such as thermal stability, adhesiveness, electrical conductivity, strength, modulus, and toughness. This review examines the literature that has been published in the last decade, compares the results, focuses on the mechanical and thermal properties, and discusses the changes that have resulted in improvements in those properties. Previous experimental findings are presented and contrasted to demonstrate the extent to which silica filler content contributes to improving the properties of composite materials. The findings reveal that the characteristics of epoxy compounds can be improved by adding a particular amount of silica particles. There is a correlation between an increase in the silica amount and an increase in the Young modulus of epoxy compounds, this correlation becomes stronger as the silica amount increases. Additionally, the tensile strength of epoxy compounds increases to a certain limit as the amount of silica nanoparticles increases. In contrast, the hardness of the material increases as the silica amount increases. The density of the material also increases steadily as the silica amount in the material increases. According to thermal analysis results from calorimetric research on epoxy–silica systems, the glass transition temperature increases as the silica amount increases.

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