Книги з теми "Epistemological function of emotions"
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1
Lench, Heather C., ed. The Function of Emotions. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77619-4.
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Ferrández Vicente, José Manuel, José Ramón Álvarez-Sánchez, Félix de la Paz López, Javier Toledo Moreo, and Hojjat Adeli, eds. Understanding the Brain Function and Emotions. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19591-5.
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Stange, Ulrike. Emotive interjections in British English: A corpus-based study on variation in acquisition, function, and usage. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2016.
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4
Women of sensibility or reason: The function of the feminine characters in the novels of Marivaux, Diderot, Crèbillon fils, Duclos, and Laclos. Harare: University of Zimbabwe, 1987.
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5
Böhm-Schnitker, Nadine, and Marcus Hartner, eds. Comparative Practices. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839457993.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Comparisons not only prove fundamental in the epistemological foundation of modernity (Foucault, Luhmann), but they fulfil a central function in social life and the production of art. Taking a cue from the Practice Turn in sociology, the contributors are investigating the role of comparative practices in the formation of eighteenth-century literature and culture. The book conceives of social practices of comparing as being entrenched in networks of circulation of bodies, artefacts, discourses, and ideas, and aims to investigate how such practices ordered and changed British literature and culture during the long eighteenth century.
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Gertsman, Elina, ed. Abstraction in Medieval Art. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462989894.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstraction haunts medieval art, both withdrawing figuration and suggesting elusive presence. How does it make or destroy meaning in the process? Does it suggest the failure of figuration, the faltering of iconography? Does medieval abstraction function because it is imperfect, incomplete, and uncorrected-and therefore cognitively, visually demanding? Is it, conversely, precisely about perfection? To what extent is the abstract predicated on theorization of the unrepresentable and imperceptible? Does medieval abstraction pit aesthetics against metaphysics, or does it enrich it, or frame it, or both? Essays in this collection explore these and other questions that coalesce around three broad themes: medieval abstraction as the untethering of the image from what it purports to represent; abstraction as a vehicle for signification; and abstraction as a form of figuration. Contributors approach the concept of medieval abstraction from a multitude of perspectives-formal, semiotic, iconographic, material, phenomenological, epistemological.
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Loew, Katharina. Special Effects and German Silent Film. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463725231.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In recent decades, special effects have become a major new area of research in cinema studies. For the most part, they have been examined as spectacles or practical tools. In contrast, Special Effects and German Silent Film, foregrounds their function as an expressive device and their pivotal role in cinema’s emergence as a full-fledged art. Special effects not only shaped the look of iconic films like Nosferatu (1922) or Metropolis (1927), but they are central to a comprehensive understanding of German silent film culture writ large. This book examines special effects as the embodiment of a “techno-romantic” paradigm that seeks to harness technology – the epitome of modern materialism – as a means for accessing a spiritual realm. Employed to visualize ideas and emotions in a medium-specific way, special effects thus paved the way for film art.
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The Function of Emotions: When and Why Emotions Help Us. Springer, 2018.
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The Function of Emotions: When and Why Emotions Help Us. Springer, 2018.
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10
Milona, Michael. On the Epistemological Significance of Value Perception. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786054.003.0011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter explores the epistemological significance of the view that we can literally see, hear, and touch evaluative properties (the high-level theory of value perception). Its central contention is that, from the perspective of epistemology, the question of whether there are such high-level experiences doesn’t matter. Insofar as there are such experiences, they most plausibly emerged through the right kind of interaction with evaluative capacities that are not literally perceptual (e.g., of the sort involved in imaginative evaluative reflection). Even if these other evaluative capacities turn out not to alter the content of perceptual experience, they would still be sufficient to do all the justificatory work that high-level experiences are meant to do. The chapter closes by observing that it may matter a great deal whether a certain other picture of value perception is true. This alternative picture has it that desires and/or emotions are perceptual-like experiences of value.
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Post-White, Janice E. THE EFFECTS OF MENTAL IMAGERY ON EMOTIONS, IMMUNE FUNCTION AND CANCER OUTCOME. 1991.
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12
Conway, Anne M., Michele M. Tugade, Lahnna I. Catalino, and Barbara L. Fredrickson. The Broaden-and-Build Theory of Positive Emotions: Form, Function, and Mechanisms. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199557257.013.0003.
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13
Regis, M. Daydreams and the Function of Fantasy. Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.
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14
Lacanian Affects: The function of affect in Lacan's work. Routledge, 2015.
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15
Soler, Colette. Lacanian Affects: The function of affect in Lacan's work. Routledge, 2015.
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16
Furtak, Rick Anthony. The Intelligence of Emotions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190492045.003.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In recent decades, there has been a remarkable amount of controversy within the disciplines of philosophy and psychology (among others) about how we ought to understand the cognitive and the bodily aspects of human emotions. Although numerous philosophers and psychologists have accepted a conception of emotions as cognitive phenomena, which are elicited and differentiated according to what information they take in about the person-environment relationship, others have identified emotions as bodily feelings. Yet we should not assume that the distinctly somatic element in our experience of such emotions as fear, awe, and grief is unrelated to the potentially truth-revealing function of affective experience. Nor does affective cognition need to prove its epistemic worth by being measured against the standard of some other mode of rationality—such as dispassionate judgment.
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Penner, Carey G. Emotional fainting to blood/injury stimuli: A function of fear and disgust expressed physically and cognitively. 1994.
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18
Pereboom, Derk. Wrongdoing and the Moral Emotions. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192846006.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book provides an account of how we might address wrongdoing given challenges to anger and retribution that arise from ethical considerations and from concerns about free will. It contends that we should dispense with basically deserved pain and harm, and with associated retributive sentiments. Without such desert, how might we understand blame? Blame can be conceived as taking on a non-retributive stance of moral protest, whose function is to secure forward-looking goals such as moral reform and reconciliation. Is it possible to justify effectively dealing with those who pose dangerous threats if they do not deserve to be harmed? Wrongfully posing such a threat, by contrast with deserving harm for posing the threat, is proposed as the core condition for the legitimacy of defensive harming. An account is then provided for addressing criminal behavior without a retributive justification for punishment, one in which the right of self-defense provides justification for measures such as preventative detention. How might we forgive if wrongdoers don’t basically deserve the pain of being resented, which forgiveness would then renounce? Forgiveness might instead be conceived as the renunciation of the stance of moral protest. But how might personal relationships function without retributive anger having a role in responding to wrongdoing? The stance of moral protest, together with non-retributive emotions, is argued to be sufficient. The book closes with a consideration of attitudes regarding the fate of humanity in a deterministic universe replete with wrongdoing, and defends the rationality of a transcendent hope for humanity.
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Prinz, Jesse J. Emotions: How Many Are There? Edited by Eric Margolis, Richard Samuels, and Stephen P. Stich. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195309799.013.0008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article focuses on a particular theory of the emotions, somatic appraisal theory, which explain the range of emotions effectively. The somatic appraisal theory is designed to compensate for the flaw in James's formulation according to which emotions are perceptions of patterned changes in the body. James's theory does not capture the idea that emotions are meaningful. Somatic appraisal theory mentions that emotions are perceptions of changes in the body and also carry information about circumstances that bear on well-being. The bodily changes that occur and the perception thereof have the function of carrying information about loss. They were set up as responses to loss. Somatic appraisal theory has much in common with Ekman's Darwinean modules. Ekman states that each emotion is associated with a physiological pattern. Ekman mentions that the patterns are evolved adaptations, and that is also true in somatic appraisal theory. He also says that emotions exploit automatic appraisals. Ekman mentions that appraisals are components of emotions, while somatic appraisal theory reports that they are causes, rather than components, but the difference is not especially important for present purposes. Somatic appraisal theory is compatible with three ways of acquiring new emotions. Emotions are individuated by their semantic content and their somatic profile (the pattern of bodily changes the perception of which constitutes the emotion). A change in semantic content could lead to the creation of a new emotion, and the introduction of new bodily patterns could as well.
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Medved, Maria Inge. The function of emotion: An investigation through the experession of happiness and anger in toddlers. 1993.
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The function of emotion: An investigation through the expression of happiness and anger in toddlers. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1993.
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Ball, Susan Elizabeth. Maternal socialization of toddler distress as a function of marital quality and dyadic versus triadic interactions. 1998.
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23
Vicente, José Manuel Ferrández, Hojjat Adeli, José Ramón Álvarez-Sánchez, Félix de la Paz López, and Javier Toledo Moreo. Understanding the Brain Function and Emotions: 8th International Work-Conference on the Interplay Between Natural and Artificial Computation, IWINAC ... I. Springer, 2019.
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24
Johnsen, Bredo. Righting Epistemology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190662776.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
David Hume launched a historic revolution in epistemology, but allies appeared only in the twentieth century, in the persons of Sir Karl Popper, Nelson Goodman, and W. V. Quine. Hume’s second great contribution to the field was to propose reflective equilibrium theory as the framework within which to understand epistemic justification. The core of this book comprises an account of these developments from Hume to Quine, and an extension of reflective equilibrium theory that renders it a general theory of epistemic justification concerning our beliefs about the world. In chapters on Sextus, Descartes, Wittgenstein, and various aspects of Hume’s epistemology, the author defends new readings of those philosophers’ writings on skepticism and notes significant relationships among their views. Finally, in appendices on Hilary Putnam’s “Brains in a Vat” and Fred Dretske’s contextualism, the author shows that both fail to rule out the possible truth of radical skeptical hypotheses. This is not surprising, since those hypotheses are in fact possible. They do not, however, have any epistemological significance, since epistemic justification is a function of the extent to which our bodies of beliefs are in reflective equilibrium, and no extant conception of knowledge is of any epistemological interest.
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Perry, John. Indexicals and undexicals. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198714217.003.0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
According to Kaplan, the character of “tomorrow” tells us that the reference of a use of “tomorrow” is the day after the time in context. That time is the time at which the utterance occurred, or might have occurred. So, to get to the reference, we need a function, call it FTom, from a day to the next day. And we need a day to serve as the argument for the function. Kaplan’s character tells us to pick the day during which the time in the context occurs. But is this always the right place to get the argument for FTom? Consider “Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today.” The chapter argues that “undexical” uses can be handled in a way that preserves what is right about Kaplan’s theory, by introducing utterances explicitly into our account; and that doing so illuminates some related epistemological issues.
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Arteaga Pupo, Frank. Martí’s thought in Philosophy of Education. Editorial Tecnocientífica Americana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51736/eta2021cs1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The book contains arguments on the anthropological, epistemological, teleological functions of educational philosophy; the experiential pedagogical experience as a qualitative research resource; the principle of an education from, during and for life, as a premise; the discipline of History in professional training; actuality of The Golden Age; importance of reading and its reflection as a function of life; Marti's ideology in Cuban culture; utopia of the Apostle's existence in the digital era; classic models for scientific writing; differences between the experiential and experimental methods. Marti's spirituality as a safeguard of the nation; the philosophical perspective of the Apostle in scientific writing and communication; and thought and the nation as components of Cuban spirituality. The relationship between these contents constitutes the theoretical and practical platform of Marti's Educational Philosophy in pursuit of human improvement.
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Chorlay, Renaud. Questions of generality as probes into nineteenth-century mathematical analysis. Edited by Karine Chemla, Renaud Chorlay, and David Rabouin. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198777267.013.14.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article examines ways of expressing generality and epistemic configurations in which generality issues became intertwined with epistemological topics, such as rigor, or mathematical topics, such as point-set theory. In this regard, three very specific configurations are discussed: the first evolving from Niels Henrik Abel to Karl Weierstrass, the second in Joseph-Louis Lagrange’s treatises on analytic functions, and the third in Emile Borel. Using questions of generality, the article first compares two major treatises on function theory, one by Lagrange and one by Augustin Louis Cauchy. It then explores how some mathematicians adopted the sophisticated point-set theoretic tools provided for by the advocates of rigor to show that, in some way, Lagrange and Cauchy had been right all along. It also introduces the concept of embedded generality for capturing an approach to generality issues that is specific to mathematics.
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Leopold, David. Marxism and Ideology. Edited by Michael Freeden and Marc Stears. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199585977.013.0021.
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This chapter discusses the account of ideology found in the writings of Karl Marx (1818–83), and its fate in the subsequent Marxist tradition. Marx understood ideology as consisting of certain social ideas which periodically dominate in class-divided societies. More precisely, ideology was characterized as having a particular epistemological standing (being false or misleading), social origin (arising from the opaque structure of class-divided societies), and class function (sustaining the interests of the economically dominant group). In the subsequent Marxist tradition that ‘critical’ account was often displaced by non-critical, predominately ‘descriptive’, accounts of ideology. This historical pattern is exemplified by the writings of Antonio Gramsci (1891–1937) and Louis Althusser (1918–90). This displacement of critical by descriptive accounts is portrayed as regrettable, not least because it involves a loss of the explanatory purchase and emancipatory potential found in Marx’s original account.
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Jones, Karen, and François Schroeter, eds. The Many Moral Rationalisms. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797074.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This volume of thirteen original essays investigates the four core theses of moral rationalism: (i) the psychological thesis that reason is the source of moral judgement; (ii) the metaphysical thesis that moral requirements are constituted by the deliverances of practical reason; (iii) the epistemological thesis that moral requirements are knowable a priori; and (iv) the normative thesis that moral requirements entail valid reasons for action. The essays explore a variety of interpretations of these core theses, offer new arguments in their favour, and explore challenges to the rationalist project. The five essays in Part I (“Normativity”) offer contemporary defences or reconstructions of Kant’s attempt to ground the normative thesis, that moral requirements entail valid reasons for action (thesis iv), in the nature of practical reason and practical rationality. Some, but not all, rely on constructivist commitments about the metaphysical dependence of moral requirements on practical reason (thesis ii). The four essays in Part II (“Epistemology and Meaning”) consider the viability of claims to a priori moral knowledge (thesis iii). The authors of all four essays are sympathetic to a realist moral metaphysics and thus forgo the straightforward constructivist road to a priority. The four essays in Part III (“Psychology”) each grapple with the implications for rationalism of the role of emotions and unconscious processes in moral judgement and action (thesis i). The volume demonstrates that moral rationalism identifies not a single philosophical position but rather a family of philosophical positions, which resemble traditional rationalism, as exemplified by Kant, to varying degrees.
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Winner, Ellen. Drawn to Pain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190863357.003.0007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aristotle said we don’t like to look at painful things in life but get pleasure from seeing these things in art. This chapter examines what research tells us about why we willingly expose ourselves to sad music, paintings of suffering, horror movies, and tragic narratives. Studies show that the sadder we feel when experiencing these forms of art, the more we enjoy the experience and the more moved we feel. Thus, when we experience art with painful content, we experience positive as well as negative emotions. The positive emotions are made possible because of aesthetic distance. That is, we know that our emotions are caused by art, not “real life.” In addition, the experience of negative emotions promotes meaning making as we try to make something positive out of a painful experience. And meaning making is an important function of art.
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Ehrenreich-May, Jill, Sarah M. Kennedy, Jamie A. Sherman, Emily L. Bilek, and David H. Barlow. Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190642952.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children: Workbook (UP-C) provides evidence-based treatment strategies to assist child clients to function better in their lives. This treatment is designed for children ages 7 to 13 (although some children just outside this age range may also benefit) who are experiencing feelings of sadness, anxiety, worry, anger, or other emotions that get in the way of their ability to enjoy their lives and feel successful. The workbook is written for children (with corresponding parent sessions presented later in the book) and guides them through each week of the program with education, activities, and examples that will help families to understand the role that emotions play in everyday actions. Children are taught helpful strategies for dealing with strong emotions and will receive support in making choices that will move them closer to their long-term goals. The UP-C takes a transdiagnostic approach to the treatment of emotional disorders and the skills presented are appropriate for children with a large range of emotional challenges, including anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and other related concerns.
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Scheipers, Sibylle. From Small Wars to On War. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799047.003.0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chapter 5 traces the lines from Clausewitz’s early intellectual engagement with small war to his magnum opus, On War. It shows how Clausewitz’s lifelong concern with the integration of reason and emotions/passion runs like a red thread through to his mature theory of war. In contrast to this continuity regarding the integration of reason and emotions/passion, Clausewitz’s thought on the role of people’s war evolved while he was writing On War. Whereas, in the reform years, people’s war had constituted an exceptional measure as a response to the exceptional situation of Napoleonic imperialism, in On War, people’s war became firmly integrated into Clausewitz’s theory of major war as the option of last resort to stave off conquest. As such, people’s war could even function as the custodian of the European balance of power. In this respect, Clausewitz proved to be an earlier (implicit) theorist of deterrence.
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Zbikowski, Lawrence M. Origins. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190653637.003.0001.
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This chapter provides an introduction to the unique approach to musical grammar taken in this volume, which adopts a theoretical perspective first developed by cognitive linguists. According to this theory, grammatical units are constructions that combine both form (syntax) and function (semantics). Building on the assumption that language and music have different functions in human cultures, it is proposed these media exploit different systems of reference: language relies on symbolic reference, and music relies on analogical reference. Musical grammar is based on form-function pairs (“constructions”) that provide sonic analogs for dynamic processes central to human cultures. This volume will focus on three such processes: those related to the emotions, to gestures, and to dance. The chapter provides an overview of the book as a whole and also explains how this approach to musical grammar connects with previous work in music theory.
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Plantinga, Carl. Immersion and Emotion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190867133.003.0007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter discusses both immersion and emotion in the context of an ethics of engagement. I defend both against criticisms leveled by estrangement theory, which tends to be suspicious against the effects of each. The purpose is not merely defense, however, but to make positive claims about how immersion and emotion function in the viewing of screen stories, and beyond that to suggest how an ethics of engagement might approach them. The chapter suggests that immersion in itself is not necessarily harmful, and the immersive experience is sometimes coextensive with the sort of critical spectator experience favored by estrangement theorists. With regard to emotion, I argue that the blanket dismissal of emotion by estrangement theorists is wholly counterproductive. Instead, the ethical critic ought to understand what emotions are and how they function in order to distinguish their ethical effects.
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Kloos, John. Constructionism and Its Critics. Edited by John Corrigan. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195170214.003.0027.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since the 1970s, social scientists increasingly have cast human emotions in the arenas of culturally or linguistically constructed expression. A wide spectrum of theoretical terminology has been employed, including “constructionism” and “constructivist.” This essay reviews constructionist theories that bear on the study of religion and emotion. It analyzes constructionist theories as both determinist and relativist. It focuses on the recent historical ethnographic work of an important anthropologist of emotion, William M. Reddy. It also examines how religious emotions get constructed and what forms serve to give them expression. Generally, religious ritual is a form that can function in such a way so that the emotional lows of loss and grief are made less low. Conversely, ritual can heighten the feelings of joy and happiness at times of celebration. The construction of ritual form reflects specific religious traditions, yet cultures also share more broadly emotional forms for handling death, birth, marriage, and personal formation.
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Coen, Sharon, and Peter Bull, eds. The Psychology of Journalism. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190935856.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book provides insights on psychological processes involved in the production, delivery, and consumption of news. At a time when the role and function of news journalism are under intense public scrutiny, this book takes a media psychological approach to explore the role of subjectivity in the construction and meaning-making of news. In particular, the book highlights a process involving the coordinated subjectivities of journalists and audience alike in constructing an account of how research in key areas of psychology (e.g., attention, knowledge, emotions, norms, values, social dynamics, culture, and verbal and nonverbal communication) can contribute to gaining a better understanding of journalism and current affairs.
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Fernández-Dols, José-Miguel. Natural Facial Expression. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190613501.003.0024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The notion that there are universal facial expressions of basic emotion remains a dominant idea in the study of emotion. Inspired by pragmatics, and based on behavioral ecology and psychological constructionism, this chapter provides an alternative to the concept of facial expression of basic emotion: the concept of natural facial expression. Actual, observable natural facial expressions do not mean self-contained, discrete basic emotions; they are instead related to different components of diverse emotional episodes. Their communicative function is not semantic (e.g., a smile does not means happiness) but pragmatic (e.g., a smile prompts, on the receiver’s side, important inferences about the context and course of the interaction between sender and receiver).
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Ehrenreich-May, Jill, Sarah M. Kennedy, Jamie A. Sherman, Shannon M. Bennett, and David H. Barlow. Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Adolescents. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190855536.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Adolescents: Workbook (UP-A) provides evidence-based treatment strategies to assist adolescent clients to function better in their lives. This treatment is designed for adolescents who are experiencing feelings of sadness, anxiety, worry, anger, or other emotions that get in the way of their ability to enjoy their lives and feel successful. The workbook is written for adolescents and guides them through each week of the program with education, activities, and examples that will help them to understand the role that emotions play in their behaviors every day. Adolescents are taught helpful strategies for dealing with uncomfortable emotions and will receive support in making choices that will move them closer to their long-term goals. The evidence-based treatment skills presented in the accompanying Therapist Guide may be applied by the therapist to adolescents with a wide variety of emotional disorders. The UP-A takes a transdiagnostic approach to the treatment of the emotional disorders. Some of the disorders that may be targeted include anxiety disorders (e.g., generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, specific phobias, panic disorder, illness anxiety disorder, agoraphobia) and depressive disorders (e.g., persistent depressive disorder, major depressive disorder). This treatment is flexible enough for use with some trauma and stress-related disorders (including adjustment disorders), somatic symptom disorders, tic disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorders. The transdiagnostic presentation of evidence-based intervention techniques within these treatments may be particularly useful for adolescents presenting with multiple emotional disorders or mixed/subclinical symptoms of several emotional disorders.
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Colwell, Cynthia M. Researching Music Therapy in Medical Settings. Edited by Jane Edwards. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199639755.013.16.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Research has indicated that music therapy is effective in hospital contexts for managing pain, reducing anxiety, ameliorating social isolation, slowing the impact of cognitive or developmental regression or delays, expressing emotions, and altering physiological responses as medically needed. Music can impact physiological responses including heart rate, blood pressure, pulse oxygenation, pain indicators, respiration, muscle tension, cardiac output, and immunologic function. Participation in music therapy interventions can improve treatment adherence, reduce deleterious symptoms of diseases and effects of medical procedures, and generally enhance quality of life in an unfamiliar and potentially unappealing environment. This chapter will describe a sample of how music therapists have conducted research in medical contexts and will present ways in which such research can be planned and undertaken.
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Klassen, Pamela. Ritual. Edited by John Corrigan. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195170214.003.0009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This essay discusses politically motivated contests over the authenticity of ritualized emotion, such as weeping or visionary bliss, which can be contests internal to a community or between different communities, as in the context of charges of appropriation across traditions. It also examines scholarly debates over cognition and culture, or the relative importance of neurophysiological versus social and cultural influences on the origin, function, and meaning of ritual. It argues that the study of ritual and emotion needs to attend to embodiment and physicality, as well as to the social, historical, and cultural networks within which ritualized emotions “make sense.” But first it looks at various definitions of ritual before commenting on crocodile tears and the authenticity of ritual emotion.
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Brown, Andrew, Christopher T. Flinton, Josh Gibson, Brian Grant, Barrie Greiff, Duane Hagen, Stephen Heidel, et al. On the Value of Work. Edited by Andrew Brown, Christopher T. Flinton, Josh Gibson, Brian Grant, Barrie Greiff, Duane Hagen, Stephen Heidel, et al. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190697068.003.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Work is essential to healthy and adaptive human psychological functioning. The work ethic couples work and reward in order to endow work with meaning. The healthy workplace supports relationships and behaviors that promote a strong work ethic and cohesive group function such that the overall goals of the workplace can be accomplished and the mental health of the individual workers is enhanced. This book describes key drivers that disrupt the workplace environment and provides strategies and tools to address problematic behaviors and emotions that place the mental health of employees at risk and reduce the effectiveness of the organization. These tools can help managers, employees, and company leaders to optimize work functioning and informs mental health professionals who treat employees in distress.
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Radcliffe, Elizabeth S. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199573295.003.0008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Conclusion addresses several ways in which Hume’s treatment of the passions is supposed to contribute to his general philosophical views. It may function as: (1) a solution to the skeptical problem of the self that emerges from Book 1 of the Treatise; (2) a medium for his account of morality and moral sentiment; (3) a phenomenon that makes sociability and psychological well-being possible; (4) an instrument to explain the psychological aspects of religious belief; (5) a means to explain paradoxical emotions like aesthetic appreciation of tragedy; and (6) a naturalistic alterative to religious perspectives on human action and morality. Hume’s psychology of the passions serves all of these purposes and can only do so because the signature feature of the passions is their role in initiating action.
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Taylor, Eric. Developmental Neuropsychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198827801.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Neurodevelopmental disorders are a group of conditions involving alterations of behaviour, thinking, and emotions. They have onsets in early childhood, persistence into adult life, and high rates of altered cognitive and neurological function. They are frequent reasons for referral to psychiatry, paediatrics, and clinical psychology and often require team approaches to meet a variety of needs for service. This book includes accounts of the typical development and possible pathology of key functions whose alterations can underlie problems of mental development: motor function, attention, memory, executive function, communication, social understanding and empathy, reality testing, and emotional regulation. It goes on to descriptions of frequent clinical conditions: the spectra of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, tic disorders, coordination and learning difficulties, intellectual disability, and the psychotic disorders of young people. There are descriptions of recognition, diagnosis, prevalence, pathophysiology, and consequences for later development. These conditions very often coexist and present as dimensions rather than categorical illnesses. The effects of brain disorders on mental life are then considered, with special attention to epilepsy, cerebral palsy, hydrocephalus, acquired traumatic injury to the head, localized structural lesions, and endocrine and genetic disorders. Widely used treatments, both psychological and physical, are described in the context of their value for meeting multiple, often overlapping needs. Consequences of the conditions for individuals’ psychosocial development are described: stigma; physical illness and injury; economic disadvantage; and family, peer, and school stresses. This book is aimed at clinicians of all disciplines, clinical students, and educators encountering neuropsychiatric problems in young people.
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Biess, Frank. German Angst. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198714187.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
German Angst analyzes the relationship of fear and democracy in postwar West Germany. While fear has historically been associated with authoritarian regimes, the book highlights the role of fear and anxiety in a democratizing society: these emotions undermined democracy and stabilized it at the same time. By taking seriously postwar Germans’ uncertainties about the future, the book challenges dominant linear and teleological narratives of postwar West German “success.” It highlights the prospective function of memories of war and defeat, of National Socialism and the Holocaust. Fears and anxieties derived from memories of a catastrophic past that postwar Germans projected into the future. Based on case studies from the 1940s to the present, the book provides a new interpretive synthesis of the Federal Republic. It tells the history of the Federal Republic as a series of recurring crises, in which specific fears and anxieties emerged, served a variety of political functions, and then again abated. Drawing on recent interdisciplinary insights of emotion studies, the book transcends the dichotomy of “reason” and “emotion.” Fear and anxiety were not exclusively irrational and dysfunctional but served important roles in postwar democracy. These emotions sensitized postwar Germans to the dangers of an authoritarian transformation, and they also served as the emotional engine of the environmental and peace movements. The book also provides an original analysis of the emotional basis of right-wing populism in Germany today, and it explores the possibilities of a democratic politics of emotion.
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Granic, Isabela, and Jessica P. Lougheed. The Role of Anxiety in Coercive Family Processes with Aggressive Children. Edited by Thomas J. Dishion and James Snyder. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199324552.013.18.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The majority of aggressive children exhibit symptoms of anxiety. This chapter outlines a novel theoretical model that builds explicitly on coercion theory, linking aggression with the regulation of anxiety in both caregivers and children. Three hypotheses are suggested and data are applied to support this model: (1) unpredictable oscillations between permissive and hostile parenting (two distinct aspects of the coercive cycle) induces anxiety in children, which in turn triggers aggressive behavior; (2) peer relations and difficult school contexts exacerbate anxiety, which in turn may trigger bouts of aggression that function as regulation for distressing emotions; and (3) to improve the efficacy of treatments for childhood aggression, anxiety needs to be one of the primary targets of treatment. Almost no research has directly tested these hypotheses, but the chapter reviews extant research and theory consistent with these claims and suggests future research designs that can test them specifically.
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Newberg, Andrew B., and David B. Yaden. The Neurobiology of Meditation and Stress Reduction. Edited by Anthony J. Bazzan and Daniel A. Monti. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190690557.003.0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Meditation is a complex mental process that involves changes in cognition, sensory perception, emotions, hormones, and autonomic activity. Several brain regions are involved in these practices, particularly as they relate to improvements in brain function and psychological parameters, including the thalamus, frontal lobes, limbic system, and parietal lobes. Additionally, many different neurotransmitter systems are likely affected by meditation practices. Meditation programs have become widely used, either alone or combined with other therapies, for stress reduction depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder. There has been an increasing understanding of the overall biological mechanism of meditation practices in terms of their effects on both the brain and body. Recent studies using clinical tools and functional neuroimaging have substantially augmented the knowledge of the biology of meditative practices. This chapter reviews current understanding regarding the physiological and neurophysiological effects of meditation practices as they pertain to brain health.
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Gorman, Jack M. Life Events Shape Us. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190850128.003.0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Psychiatry downplayed the importance of life events in causing mental illness from the 1960s on, favoring a view that all disorders except one are the result of abnormal genes affecting chemical processes in the brain. Studying the exception, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), when it was defined in 1980 helped lead to renewed recognition that early life adversity is central to all psychiatric conditions. At the same time, neuroscientists showed that early life experiences are capable of changing life-long behavior and brain function in laboratory animals. One mechanism by which this occurs is through the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Epigenetics is the way that the expression levels of genes are controlled without changing the underlying genetic code. Epigenetics is an attractive way of understanding how individual life experiences are translated in the brain into each person’s unique set of emotions, behaviors, abilities, and risks for psychiatric abnormalities.
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Marchant, Alicia. Romancing the Stone. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802648.003.0012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Stone of Scone is neither ornate nor decorative, but rather is plain, heavy, and unwieldy. Yet this stone’s plain appearance is not matched with a plain history; it has been stolen, broken, cracked, and chipped, blown up by Suffragettes, declared a fake, and is the subject of at least one symphony. This is a well-loved stone, but it is also a highly contested object due to its extraordinary function: it can transform men and women into kings and queens. Since time immemorial the stone was key to the inauguration of Scottish monarchs, and it was due to its monarch-making capabilities that the stone was stolen by the English king in 1296, and transported to Westminster Abbey, where it was incorporated into British coronation rituals. This chapter considers the stone’s significance in the context of material culture and emotions, tracing its long, affective history.
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Bishop, Stephen L. Scripting Shame in African Literature. Liverpool University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781800348431.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
- Shame is one of the most frequent underlying emotions expressed throughout sub-Saharan African literature, yet studies of such literature almost universally ignore the topic in favour of a focus on the struggle for independence and the postcolonial situation, encompassing a search for individual, national, and ethnic identities and questions of corruption, changing gender roles, and conflicts between so-called tradition and modernity. Shame, however, is not antithetical to these investigations and, in fact, the persistent trope of shame undergirds many of them. This book locates these expressions of shame in sub-Saharan African literature and shows how its diverse literary representations underscore shame’s function as a fulcrum in the mutual constitution of subject and community on the continent. Though shame research is dominated by Western definitions and theories, this study emphasizes the centrality of African conceptions of shame in ways that notions of Western subjectivity dismiss or cannot capture.
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Zbikowski, Lawrence M. Foundations of Musical Grammar. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190653637.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This volume makes a unique contribution to music theory by building on recent research in cognitive science and theoretical perspectives adopted from cognitive linguistics to present an account of the foundations of musical grammar. Musical grammar is conceived of as a species of construction grammar, in which grammatical elements are form-function pairs. In the case of music, basic constructions are sonic analogs for dynamic processes that are central to human cultures. This volume focuses on three such processes: those related to emotions, to gestures, and to dance. The first chapter introduces the volume and explains how this approach connects with previous work in music theory. The second chapter reviews research on analogy and shows how it provides a basis for analogical reference, which is fundamental to musical grammar. The third chapter describes the connection between music and the emotions facilitated by analogical reference. The fourth chapter explores connections between human gesture and musical utterances, and shows how both rely on the infrastructure for human communication that is also exploited by language. The fifth chapter demonstrates how music provides sonic analogs for the steps of social dances, and how music combined with dance has been used to structure social interactions. The sixth chapter focuses on the combination of language and music that occurs in songs, making clear how the different grammatical resources offered by music and language shape how meaning is constructed in songs. Detailed musical analyses are offered in each chapter, as well as summaries of the basic elements of musical grammar.