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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Épigénétique transgénérationnelle"
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Статті в журналах з теми "Épigénétique transgénérationnelle"
Junien, Claudine, Polina Panchenko, Sara Fneich, Luciano Pirola, Sabrina Chriett, Valérie Amarger, Bertrand Kaeffer, et al. "Épigénétique et réponses transgénérationnelles aux impacts de l’environnement." médecine/sciences 32, no. 1 (January 2016): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/20163201007.
Повний текст джерелаSunyach, Claire, Thierry Orsiere, Irène Sari-Minodier, and Jeanne Perrin. "Des effets épigénétiques (transgénérationnels ou non) au nouveau concept d’épi-génotoxicité." Archives des Maladies Professionnelles et de l'Environnement 79, no. 3 (May 2018): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.admp.2018.03.216.
Повний текст джерелаSmagulova, Fatima. "L’héritage épigénétique multigénérationnel chez l’Homme : le passé, le présent et les perspectives." Biologie Aujourd’hui 217, no. 3-4 (2023): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2023032.
Повний текст джерелаJunien, C., C. Gallou-Kabani, A. Vigé, and M. S. Gross. "Epigénomique nutritionnelle : impact de régimes alimentaires déséquilibrés sur les processus épigénétiques de programmation au cours de la vie et transgénérationnels." Annales d'Endocrinologie 66, no. 2 (April 2005): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4266(05)81742-1.
Повний текст джерела"Épigénétique transgénérationnelle. Héritabilité des effets de l’exposition aux obésogènes." Environnement, Risques & Santé 21, no. 4 (July 1, 2022): 313–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/ers.2022.1667.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Épigénétique transgénérationnelle"
Cerutti, Chloé. "Epigénétique transgénérationnelle : l'environnement embryonnaire impacte-t-il les performances des générations ultérieures via l'épigénome chez la caille ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, INPT, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023INPT0133.
Повний текст джерелаClimate change, economic constraints and societal concerns about sustainable agriculture are going to have a major impact on animal production systems, requiring more detailed characterisation of the capacity of the animal genome to adapt to environmental fluctuations throughout an individual’s life, from the embryonic stage onwards. The environmental impact on the genome is characterized in particular by the variability of epigenetic marks (particularly DNA methylation). These marks play a role in regulating gene expression and could also be passed on to offspring. The analysis of epigenetic marks has been made possible by the development of innovative highthroughput sequencing technologies and appropriate bioinformatics tools. The major scientific question of this thesis is the study in birds of the effects of the environment (injection of contaminating molecules) during embryonic development, and their intergenerational transmission. This work has been done in quail, which is a good model species of agronomic interest for the study of these phenomena. The first objective was to characterise the organism’s response to variations in the embryonic environment by analysing (i) phenotypic data (laying and growth) and (ii) DNA methylation data (RRBS and WGBS) from quails injected directly into the egg with genistein, bisphenol A (endocrine disruptors) or 5Aza (a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor). A significant effect of the different molecules injected on quail growth was demonstrated, with injected individuals weighing less than non-injected individuals, without any impact on egg-laying characteristics. Differential methylation analysis was made possible by the development of a bioinformatics pipeline enabling differential analysis of the methylation rate between several experimental conditions. These analyses enabled us to identify regions that were differentially methylated between experimental conditions, highlighting an effect of the molecules on genes linked to metabolic pathways (growth), behaviour (development of the central nervous system, lipid transport and response to cholesterol) and reproduction (sexual maturity). The second part consists of characterising the response of the epigenome to the effects of the environment three generations after the injection into the egg of genistein (a phytoestrogen found notably in soya). Two quail ’epilines’ (Epi+ and Epi-) were produced using fertilised eggs from the same founder population. Analysis of DNA methylation data from two different sequencing techniques (WGBS and ONT) from the third generation of this animal design showed that exposure to genistein during embryonic development has an impact on DNA methylation in the offspring three generations after injection. Differential methylation analysis between the two epilines identified differentially methylated regions linked to genes involved in metabolic pathways, brain development and reproduction. These results are consistent with the effects observed on reproductive and behavioural traits. Although genetic effects were minimised, a genetic cause for some of the observed methylation differentials could not be ruled out. However, some of the regions identified appear to be linked to transgenerational epigenetic transmission of environmental effects. Information from these epigenetic marks could be taken into account in selection schemes by using a ’transmissibility’ model that includes the genetic and epigenetic information of each individual
Fallet, Manon. "Etude de la réponse environnementale et transgénérationnelle chez l’huitre creuse Crassostrea gigas : focus sur les mécanismes épigénétiques." Thesis, Perpignan, 2019. https://theses-public.univ-perp.fr/2019PERP0036.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаIndividual life history influences the phenotype and the phenotype of offspring. The different component of the heritability system including genetic and non-genetic heritability and their interactions are key mechanisms to generate these heritable phenotypes. Phenotype heritability can allow parents to transmit a better adaptive capacity in response to rapid local environmental changes, to their offspring. The pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas is a marine organism of economic interest as the main producing oysters worldwide. Oyster are sessile and filtering organisms which made them very sensitive to environmental pressures. Thus, the presence of pollutants and pathogens in the aquatic environment can have harmful consequences on oysters potentially leading to oysters’ death. The main objectives of my thesis were to decipher the part of different heritable mechanisms (genetic, epigenetic and microbiota) in the environmental response of oysters to two environmental stresses and to improve our knowledge about epigenetic transmission information in molluscs. During my PhD, I (i) realized a bibliographic study to identify main epigenetic factors implied in environmental response and heritability in molluscs ; (ii) study the influence of a parental exposure to a pesticide, the diuron, on the methylome and the gene expression of offspring and (iii) characterized the genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic and microbiotic impact of an precocious microbial exposure on the survival capacity of pacific oyster when faced to Pacific Oysters Mortality Syndrome, a disease, inducing massive mortalities in oysters’ juveniles, thus on three generation. The main results of my PhD allow to highlight the influence of environmental stresses on phenotype by methylome modifications of oysters and their offspring. In the case of the response to POMS, the microbial exposure as allowed to improve the oysters’ resistance and constitute so an adaptive phenotype illustrating the potential role of epigenetic mechanisms in adaptive evolution
Liegard, Benjamin. "Rôles des variations épigénétiques transgénérationnelles dans la résistance quantitative à la hernie chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NSARC137/document.
Повний текст джерелаRecent studies have shown that plant epigenome variability is an important factor in plant response to abiotic and biotic stress. Clubroot caused by the protist Plasmodiophora brassicae is a major disease of Brassicaceae whose quantitative resistance is supposed to result from many allele segregation. The aim of my work is to understand if, in Arabidopsis thaliana, an inherited epigenetic variability can lead to variations in clubroot resistance. For that, an untargeted approach of quantitative epigenetics was carried out using the epiRIL population ddm1-2 x Col-0. Seventeen QTL under epigenetic control (QTLepi), clustered in 6 genomic regions, were detected, 5 of them being temperature-dependant.Finally, two regions previously identified as involved in clubroot response were finely studied. The region of the major clubroot resistance gene RPB1, which colocalizes with three QTLepi, shows major genomic variations in Arabidopsis ecotypes potentially due to movements of transposable elements. The QTL Pb-At5.2 is depending on one epimutation controlling the methylation state and the expression of two NLR genes. The results obtained demonstrate that the clubroot quantitative resistance is associated with inherited stable DNA methylation variations suggesting a complex model of resistance regulation where favourable alleles and epialleles association is necessary to obtain an optimal resistance
Legoff, Louis. "Study of epigenetic alterations promoted by chlordecone exposure during development in human and mouse." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021REN1B003.
Повний текст джерелаEpigenetic mechanisms regulate many cellular processes and they are critical for establishing cell identity. The work performed during my Ph.D. aimed to determine whether exposure to an environmental pollutant, chlordecone (CD), could affect the major epigenetic marks in the reproductive system in directly-exposed mice and whether these changes could be inherited by subsequent generations through epigenetic transgenerational inheritance. Our work revealed that direct developmental exposure to CD leads to impairment of meiosis in male and female mice, causes a reduction in viable reproductive cells, i.e., both spermatogonia and spermatozoid, and oocytes in females. The altered morphological changes were accompanied by altered histone H3K4me3 occupancy in the genes related to pluripotency regulation. We also performed studies in the umbilical cord blood of males from the TIMOUN cohort with the known internal concentration of CD. We found that exposure to CD causes epigenetic changes in major histone trimethylation marks important for the maintenance of genetic stability. Using whole exome-sequencing, we detected de novo mutations in genes encoding proteins with important functions, such as DNA repair and metabolic genes. Comparative analysis of mice and human exposures revealed some common genes to be altered in both organisms, notably genes related to chromosome organization, transcription factors, and metabolic functions. In summary, our studies brought some evidence for the ability of CD to induce epigenetic and genetic alterations. Identified genes and molecular mechanisms affected by CD will be further investigated using in vivo and in vitro model systems
Trijau, Marie. "Approche moléculaire et mécaniste de la réponse transgénérationnelle lors d'une irradiation gamma chronique chez le cladocère Daphnia magna." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0467/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn order to durably protect ecosystems facing planned or accidental releases of radionuclides, the long-term impact of organism exposure to ionizing radiation must be studied on a multigenerational scale. The aim of this PhD is to improve the characterization of molecular processes and the prediction of transgenerational effects during a gamma irradiation. First, an experimental approach investigated on radio-induced modifications of epigenetic processes, i.e. changes in mechanisms that regulate gene expression without changing DNA sequence itself and on the transmission of these modifications to subsequent generations. Significant changes in DNA methylation, a well-studied epigenetic mechanism, detected in generation F3 clearly showed that epigenetic modifications could be transmitted to unexposed generations, in response to the exposure of a parental generation (F0) to external gamma radiation (6.5 µGy.h-1 et 41.3 mGy.h-1) for 25 days. Second, a mechanistic modelling approach used a modified version of the DEBtox model (Dynamic Energy Budget model applied to toxicology) in order to analyze effects of gamma radiation on D. magna growth and reproduction over several generations. To that end, damage compartments, with damage levels that were transmitted from one generation to the next, were included. The model was fitted to data using Bayesian inference methods, in order to estimate the parameters while considering their associated uncertainty
Bruno, Céline. "Etude des mécanismes de transmission de dérégulations épigénétiques : analyse de la transmission spermatique chez l'homme." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCI002/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe notion that environmental exposure can be memorized and promote epimutation (defined as defects on DNA methylation) raises the question of possible epigenetic transgenerational transmission in humans. To address whether an epimutation could be transmitted in humans, we pursued two axes. First, the evaluation of intergenerational transmission in the family of a Silver-Russell patient has shown, for the first time, the efficiency of epigenetic reprogramming in humans, specifically on imprinted regions. Indeed, no imprinted defect on causal H19/IGF2 locus was detected in the patient’s spermatozoa or in the DNA of his daughter. The second axis was to assess the presence of sperm epimutations 1/ from fathers of children diagnosed with imprinted syndromes and 2/ from men presenting testicular seminoma. Pyrosequencing analyses on imprinted genes did not reveal any alteration of sperm DNA methylation, though we confirmed an association between oligozoospermia and sperm imprinting defects.The next step will be to identify the mechanisms involved in the origin of the sperm epimutation. The main hypotheses converge to small non-coding RNAs or certain DNA regions which escape to controls setting up (at least partially) at the time of epigenetic reprogramming
Cribiu, Pauline. "Étude des effets inter et transgénérationnels de l’exposition parentale au stress chimique chez le crustacé amphipode Gammarus fossarum." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSET002.
Повний текст джерелаMost of the current ecotoxicological approaches (i.e. laboratory bioassays, biomarker, in situ tests) assess the effects of contaminants at the individual level on short response time, that do not match the time scale of population dynamics. In addition to toxicity occurring during the chemical exposure of individuals, effects can arise later along the lifetime of organisms and of their progeny. Such delayed effects can lead to significant impact on population demography, resilience and tolerance, as well as on population vulnerability to new environmental disruptions. Studying these effects is a real challenge to improve the understanding of population response to chemical stress in ecosystems. In this context, the main purpose of this thesis was to explore intergenerational and transgenerational effects of parental contaminant exposure and their consequences on the functioning of the populations in the sentinel species Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea). To do so, challenging oneyear lab experiment together with population dynamics modelling were performed. The experimental statement was to only expose the parental generation (F0) and then to monitor the development of successive generations in an uncontaminated environment. Assuming a prevalent involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in the onset of delayed effects, this work explored for the first time the global genomic cytosine methylation level in Gammarus fossarum. The studied epigenetic mark was shown to be sensitive to heat stress, chemical stress (cadmium) and to food starvation in controlled laboratory conditions. A substantial variability in the basal level between several natural populations of Gammarus fossarum was also recorded. In the light of the multi-generational experiments, cascading effects were observed on G. fossarum life history traits until the third offspring generation after the parental exposure to cadmium or 3,4-dichloroaniline. In addition, a significant role of trade-offs between life-history traits and between generations can be suggested in the emergence of delayed effects. These trade-offs translate into the maintenance of demographic population capacity after the parental cadmium exposure and could be consequently constrained by life history strategy of Gammarus fossarum. Hence, these results highlight the interest of expanding the studied response time beyond the first offspring generation and of studying the long-term effects of chemical stress in non-target environmental species. Such approaches can be suggested to improve the understanding of natural population responses to contamination and to upgrade the ecological relevance of the current risk assessment
Hao, Chunxiang. "The impacts of the widely used herbicide atrazine on epigenetic processes of meiosis and transgenerational inheritance." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1B007.
Повний текст джерелаEnvironmental factors such as pesticides can cause phenotypic changes in various organisms, including mammals. We studied the effects of the widely used herbicide atrazine (ATZ) on meiosis, a key step of gametogenesis, in male mice. We demonstrate that exposure to ATZ reduces testosterone levels and the number of spermatozoa in the epididymis and delays meiosis. Using Gene-Chip and ChIP-Seq analysis of H3K4me3 marks, we found that a broad range of cellular functions, including GTPase activity, mitochondrial function and steroid-hormone metabolism, are affected by ATZ. Furthermore, treated mice display enriched histone H3K4me3 marks in regions of strong recombination (double-strand break sites), within very large genes and reduced marks in the pseudoautosomal region of X chromosome. Our data demonstrate that atrazine exposure interferes with normal meiosis, which affects spermatozoa production.We found that the H3K4me3 marks in male mice are broadly affected by the widely used herbicide atrazine with genome wide ChIP-sequencing. Embryonic reprogramming requires the coordinated action of many genes and epigenetic factors to perform somatic to germline transition. The epigenetic modifications imposed during somatic to germline transition and affected by harmful exposure can be inherited and transferred to subsequent generations via the gametes. In this study, we examine the inheritance of altered histone modifications by subsequent generations. We exposed pregnant outbred CD1 female mice to the widely used herbicide atrazine (ATZ), and the male progeny were crossed for three generations with untreated females. We demonstrate here that exposure to ATZ reduces the number of spermatozoa without changing the cell morphology or types in testis tissue in the third generation after treatment. Many genes associated with DNA repair, reproduction and mitochondrial function became dysregulated in the third generation (F3) of males after treatment. Importantly, exposure to ATZ dramatically changes the transcription initiation, splicing and alternative polyadenylation of RNA. We also observed altered occupancy of H3K4me3 markers in the F3 generation of ATZ-derived males in gene promoters associated with the regulation of cellular metabolic processes, transcriptional regulation and mitosis. The changes in H3K4me3 occupancy in F3 ATZ-derived males correspond to changes in the H3K4me3 occupancy of stem cell differentiation genes in the F1 generation. Our data suggest that transgenerational inheritance is accomplished through multiple pathways and relies on the epigenetic state of stem cell differentiation genes such as Pou5f1 and Sox2, transcription factor action and sperm histone retention