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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Épigénétique du cancer"
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Статті в журналах з теми "Épigénétique du cancer"
Auroy, Lola, and Séverine Louvel. "Épigénétique et cancérologie." médecine/sciences 38, no. 3 (March 2022): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2022025.
Повний текст джерелаGorse, Marine, Charline Bianchi, and Charlotte Proudhon. "Épigénétique et cancer." médecine/sciences 40, no. 12 (December 2024): 925–34. https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2024180.
Повний текст джерелаRocha, Walter, and Alain Verreault. "Vers une thérapie « épigénétique » du cancer ?" médecine/sciences 24, no. 8-9 (August 2008): 671–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/20082489671.
Повний текст джерелаM., J. M. "Épigénétique et cancer : où science et industrie se rejoignent." Revue Francophone des Laboratoires 2014, no. 467 (December 2014): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1773-035x(14)72729-7.
Повний текст джерелаTouzart, Aurore. "Concept d’épigénétique et applications en hématologie." Revue de biologie médicale N° 371, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rbm.371.0005.
Повний текст джерелаPécuchet, N., T. Cluzeau, C. Thibault, N. Mounier, and S. Vignot. "Inhibiteurs des histone-désacétylases : la régulation épigénétique sort de l’ombre." Bulletin du Cancer 97, no. 8 (August 2010): 917–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/bdc.2010.1121.
Повний текст джерелаBurgio, E. "Cancer des enfants : de la génétique à l’épigénétique (vers un paradigme épigénétique dans la carcinogenèse)." Annales d'Endocrinologie 76, no. 4 (September 2015): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2015.07.007.
Повний текст джерелаde Dieuleveult, Maud, and Guillaume Velasco. "Les maladies génétiques de la machinerie épigénétique." médecine/sciences 40, no. 12 (December 2024): 914–24. https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2024181.
Повний текст джерелаNgollo, M., A. Lebert, M. Daures, F. Penault-llorca, D. Bernard-gallon, and L. Guy. "Étude de la marque H3K27me3 à l’échelle du génome : mise en place d’un profil épigénétique en fonction de l’agressivité du cancer de la prostate." Progrès en Urologie 25, no. 13 (November 2015): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.purol.2015.08.085.
Повний текст джерелаDeltour, Sophie, Valerie Chopin, and Dominique Leprince. "Modifications épigénétiques et cancer." médecine/sciences 21, no. 4 (April 2005): 405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2005214405.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Épigénétique du cancer"
Dagdemir, Aslihan Seda. "Paysage épigénétique du cancer du sein." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF1MM14/document.
Повний текст джерелаBreast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women, and is noted for conflicting clinical behaviors and patient outcomes, despite common histopathological features at diagnosis. This can be explained by the high histological and molecular heterogeneity of the disease, making it hard to choose a therapy adapted uniquely to each patient. Epigenetics refer to changes in phenotype and gene expression. Epigenetic modifications of the genome can be acquired de novo and are potentially inherited. Epigenetic mechanisms work to change the accessibility of chromatin to transcriptional regulation locally and globally via modifications of the DNA and by modifications or rearrangements of nucleosomes. Epigenetics consist in several molecular mechanisms: histone modifications, small non-coding or antisense RNAs and DNA methylation that are closely interconnected. The incidence and mortality of breast cancer is high in the Western world as compared with countries in Asia. There are also differences in the regional cancer incidence rates in Western countries. Several studies involving immigrants to Western countries suggest that lifestyle and diet are two of the main causes of these differences. In Eastern countries, the incidence of breast cancer is approximately one-third that of Western countries, whilst their high dietary intake of phytoestrogens, mainly in the form of soy products, can produce circulating levels of phytoestrogens that are known experimentally to have estrogenic effects. An increasing number of epidemiological and experimental studies have suggested that the consumption of a 4 phytoestrogen-rich diet may have protective effects on estrogen-related conditions, such as breast cancer.Based upon this information, we studied the effects of treatment phytoestrogens; genistein, daidzein and 17-β-estradiol on the post-translational modification of histones such as lysine methylation and acetylation of histones H3 and H4 in breast cancer cell lines. Subsequently, we studied the effects of histone methylation inhibitor and histone deacetylase inhibitor on histone lysine trimethylation and acetylation in breast cancer cell lines. For this study, we used two breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Each cell line was treated respectively with 3-Deazaneplanocin A hydrochloride (DZNep) [5 μM] (HMTi), Sodium Butyrate (NaBu) [2 mM] (HDACi) and Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic acid (SAHA) [1 μM] (HDACi) for 48 hours. Finally, we completed studies in all cell lines with breast tumors to assess Chromatin ImmunoPrecipitation (ChIP) of selected histone modifications in cancer. The relative levels of three modified histones, including H3K27me3 (Histone 3 Lysine 27 Methylation), H3K9ac (Histone 3 Lysine 9 Acetylation), and H3K4ac (Histone 3 Lysine 4 Acetylation) will be determined in breast tumors compared to matched normal tissue according to the classification of Saint Gallen. Today, ChIP has been coupled with promoter DNA microarrays to evaluate the mechanisms of human gene regulation on a genome-wide scale. ChIP-on-chip technology could be used to investigate the alterations of global gene expression in tumorigenesis. Here, we investigated differentially expressed genes associated with modified histones H3K27me3, H3K9ac and H3K4ac in breast tumors by Agilent SurePrint G3 400kX2 microarrays containing approximately 21,000 of human transcripts. We will scan the enriched regions at each gene promoter in thirty breast tumors compared with normal tissue samples. Breast tumor samples will be classified according to their clinical profiles, especially hormone receptor status
Vallot, Céline. "Mécanismes épigénétiques régionaux dans le cancer." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T059.
Повний текст джерелаMiroglio, Audrey. "Le locus IGF2/H19 : un modèle d'étude épigénétique du cancer colorectal." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05D006.
Повний текст джерелаEpigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation on CpG sites, play an important role in carcinogenesis. In particular, IGF2 and H19 imprinted genes are exposed to these alterations of the methylation and are thus implied in numerous cancers, including colorectal cancer. By studying the methylation status of the differentially methylated regions (DMR) localized in the IGF2/H19 locus, we identified specific deregulations of the methylation patterns of colorectal cancers from sporadic and hereditary origin, both in tumors and lymphocytes. In parallel, using a colorectal cancer murine model, we studied the role of H19 gene in the colonic tumorigenesis. This study confirms that H19 gene acts as a tumor suppressor gene in mouse
Barault, Ludovic. "Altérations génétiques et épigénétiques dans le cancer colique sporadique." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOS025.
Повний текст джерелаCancer cells are often the result of alterations in signalling pathways implicated in cell survival or apoptosis. We successfully demonstrated in a population base of 586 colon adenocarcinomas, followed by the cancer registry of Burgundy, that activating mutation of at least one of the three genes from the MAPK signalling pathway (KRAS, BRAF, PI3KCA) was associated with a lower survival in patients bearing a tumour without microsatellite instability. In a second study, DNA Methylation, an epigenetic alteration, was evaluated in the population base (characterization of the CpG Island Methylator Phenotype). Three subgroups of methylation phenotype were identified (No-CIMP, CIMP-Low, and CIMP-High). The clinico-pathological features of cancers with MSS/No-CIMP and MSS/CIMP-Low were quite similar, but they affected survival to different degrees. The higher the level of methylation, the poorer the survival. Our work clearly showed the prognostic effect of methylation in MSS patients and the need to distinguish between the 3 groups of CIMP. These studies are all the more important since the recent use of “targeted therapies” against proteins from the signal transduction system have recently been used in cancer treatment. The identification of activating mechanisms of signalling pathways and the characterisation of epigenetic alterations involved in colon cancer are fundamental to the understanding of the molecular factors involved in colorectal cancer. Knowledge of these will have an impact on patient response and follow-up
Filion, Guillaume. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle d'un répresseur transcriptionnel spécifique de l'ADN méthylé." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112337.
Повний текст джерелаMoison, Céline. "Signatures épigénétiques du gène suppresseur de tumeur RARβ2". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066133.
Повний текст джерелаToday it has become clear that epigenetic alterations also are critical in the initiation and the progression of the disease. In fact tumor suppressor genes, that prevent tumorigenesis, can be abnormally silenced by epigenetic factors. As epigenetic repression is reversible, the understanding of such deregulation is of great interest and opens new therapeutic perspectives. In order to study this phenomenon, we chose as model the retinoic acid receptor beta 2 (RARβ2), a tumor suppressor gene which expression is lost in prostate and breast cancers by DNA methylation. Upon studying several cell models, we actually found that DNA methylation and polycomb repression can co-occur at this locus, although these distinct epigenetic processes are usually described as mutually exclusive. We investigated the existence of non-coding RNA associated to RARβ2 promoter that could direct epigenetic silencing. Such RNAs were not identified in our models. Then, we developed an inducible expression system of EZH2, a polycomb protein, in a pre-tumoral prostate cell line. This original model will be useful to test the hypothesis according to which polycomb protein can target DNA hypermethylation. RARβ2 will be the model gene before performing genome-wide analysis that will allow to find the genes targeted by polycomb repression in prostate tumorigenesis. Finally, we got interested in how higher order of chromatin architecture influences gene regulation. We addressed nuclear organization by microscopy studies and showed that RARβ2 position seems not to be correlated with its transcriptional level. Interestingly, we found polycomb spots in human cancer cells
Gagnon, Jean-François. "Régulation de l'inactivation intratumorale de l'agent antinéoplasique irinotécan par un mécanisme épigénétique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18848.
Повний текст джерелаUGT1A1 is the main enzyme involved in the hepatic and tumoral inactivation of SN-38, an anticancer agent used in first line treatment of metastasic colorectal cancer. UGT1A1 genetic factors determine response to irinotecan therapy. We hypothesised that an epigenetic mechanism, more specifically methylation, is involved in tumoral regulation of UGT1A1 levels. Specific CpG islands in the UGT1A1 gene are hypermethylated and linked to the repression of gene expression and to lower levels of SN-38 glucuronidation in colon tumor cells in vitro. In addition, methylation of specific CpG was linked to lower expression of UGT1A1 gene in primary colon tumors from patients. Our data support that methylation profile of the UGT1A1 gene determine SN-38 tumoral concentration and may help to predict tumoral response to irinotecan.
Nicol-Benoit, Floriane. "Rétroactions positives et mémoire cellulaire : exemples dans l'expression génétique et le métabolisme cellulaire." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S115/document.
Повний текст джерелаBeyond the genetic information contained in the DNA sequence of cells, there is a cellular memory called epigenetic, including genetic circuits with positive feedback loops amplifying or maintaining cellular states in time. We studied through two examples, the positive feedback loops as part of response to a signal, able to set cell behavior, in a dynamic and robust way. As a first step, we identified a self-amplification loop in the production of trout vitellogenin explaining the "vitellogenesis memory effect" (a second estradiol stimulation induces higher and faster vitellogenin production than during the first stimulation, even though the vitellogenin level falls to zero between the two stimuli). The model we propose involves a truncated estradiol receptor, with a basal activity even in the absence of its ligand, which is able to maintain the cell in an estrogen-responsive state without producing vitellogenin. In a second step, we studied one of the possible causes leading to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), involved in cancer metastasis. The EMT reflects a more aggressive state of tumor cells and is associated with a particular change in the metabolism of cancer cells, reducing the part of oxidative phosphorylation in favor of glycolysis (Warburg effect). This leads to a reduction in the efficiency of ATP production, forcing the cells to take more nutrients from their environment. This observation led to the development of treatments based on glucose deprivation which should mainly affect cancer cells. We studied the effects of a low cellular ATP content on cell transformation. We observed that a treatment with a non-metabolizable glucose analogue drastically reduces the ATP content of cells that had undergone EMT and induces morphological and genetic changes enforcing the mesenchymal phenotype. We identified the transcriptional coactivator MKL1, whose activity is regulated by actin polymerization, as a possible genetic link between the cellular metabolic state and maintenance of EMT. These results suggest strong connections between the EMT and the energy level of the cells, and raise serious questions about the benefits of the long-term therapy "starving" tumor cells, considering that energy deprivation could aggravate the mesenchymal cell phenotype
Morel, Adrien. "Régulation épigénétique des gènes précoces d'HPV16." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA3005.
Повний текст джерелаHigh risk Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) are responsible for cervical cancer. HPV genome consists in a double-strand circular DNA harboring early "E" and late "L" genes and a Long Control Region (LCR). The E2 protcin binds to E2 Binding Sites (E2BS) present on the LCR and represses E6 and E7 transcription. The loss of E2 expression after HPV DNA integration induces an overexpression of E6 and E7 that thus favor p53 and pRb degradation. Since CpG dinucleotides are present in HPVl6 E2BS, we investigated whether E6 HPV16 expression was also submitted to epigenetic regulation. We developed a HRM PCR to study the methylation status of E2BS in precanccrous and canccrous lesions. We observed methylated CpG only in cancer samples. Otherwise, we proved that E2BS methylation prevented E2 binding and probably permitted E6 and E7 overexpression. Finally, we showed that the treatment ofHPV16 cervical cancer cell lines with a demethylating agent (SazadC) decreased the E6 expression. This regulation was independent of E2 and we proved that the up-regulation of miR-375, which targets E6/E7 transcripts, was involved in E6 repression after SazadC treatment. Taken as a whole, our data demonstrate that HPV 16 oncoprotein expression is regulated in an epigenetic manncr via viral and cellular factors
Wang, Zhi Qiang. "Characterization of novel epigenetic targets in ovarian cancer." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25609.
Повний текст джерелаEpithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) accounts for 4% of all cancers in women and is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies. Most of EOC cases are diagnosed at advanced stage, which is associated with poor outcome. Despite the good initial response to chemotherapy, recurrence occurs in the majority of patients, resulting in chemotherapy resistance leading to a fatal disease. The molecular basis of EOC initiation and progression is still poorly understood, thus hindering the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for more effective EOC treatment. In cancer, the hypermethylation of gene promoter CpG islands leads to inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, and CpG islands hypomethylation is associated with proto-oncogenes and pro-metastasis genes. Similar to all malignancies, aberrant DNA methylation occurs in EOC. However, DNA hypomethylation in ovarian cancer is very briefly studied. Using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) coupled to CpG island tiling arrays, we found that DNA hypermethylation occurred in less invasive/early stages of ovarian tumorigenesis, while advanced disease was associated with DNA hypomethylation of a number of oncogenes, implicated in cancer progression, invasion/metastasis and probably chemoresistance. This epigenomic approach has led to the identification of a number of novel oncogenes hypomethylated in EOC. In this thesis study, RUNX2 gene was identified as hypomethyleted gene in post-chemotherapy primary cells cultures and GALNT3 gene and BCAT1 gene were among the genes identified to be notably hypomethylated in serous EOC tumors. Subsequent functional analyses of these three genes demonstrated that they were associated with EOC cell proliferation (including cell cycle control for GALNT3 and BCAT1), migration and invasion, suggesting that they have strong oncogenic potential in serous EOC progression and that they might be novel EOC therapeutic targets.