Готові списки джерел за темами / Environmentally-benign design

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Environmentally-benign design"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Environmentally-benign design"

Sinha, Manish, Luke E. K. Achenie, and Gennadi M. Ostrovsky. "Environmentally benign solvent design by global optimization." Computers & Chemical Engineering 23, no. 10 (December 1999): 1381–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0098-1354(99)00299-9.

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TAKASU, Akinori. "Environmentally Benign Polyester Design by Room-Temperature Dehydration Polycondensation." KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 64, no. 8 (2007): 504–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/koron.64.504.

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Chavali, Sunitha, Bao Lin, David C. Miller, and Kyle V. Camarda. "Environmentally-benign transition metal catalyst design using optimization techniques." Computers & Chemical Engineering 28, no. 5 (May 2004): 605–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2004.02.005.

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Dahmani, Abdelouahid, Zine Aidoun, and Nicolas Galanis. "Optimum design of ejector refrigeration systems with environmentally benign fluids." International Journal of Thermal Sciences 50, no. 8 (August 2011): 1562–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2011.02.021.

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Thomas, John Meurig, Robert Raja, Gopinathan Sankar, Robert G. Bell, and Dewi W. Lewis. "Benign by design. New catalysts for an environmentally conscious age." Pure and Applied Chemistry 73, no. 7 (July 1, 2001): 1087–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200173071087.

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There is a pressing need for: (i) cleaner fuels (free of aromatics and of minimal sulfur content) or ones that convert chemical energy directly to electricity, silently and without production of noxious oxides and particulates; (ii) chemical, petrochemical, and pharmaceutical processes that may be conducted in a one-step, solvent-free manner, and that use air as the preferred oxidant; and (iii) industrial processes that minimize consumption of energy, production of waste or the use of corrosive, explosive, volatile and nonbiodegradable materials. All these needs and other desiderata, such as the in situ production and containment of aggressive and hazardous reagents, and the avoidance of use of ecologically harmful elements, may be achieved by designing the appropriate heterogeneous inorganic catalyst, which, ideally should be cheap, readily preparable, and fully characterizable, preferably under in situ reaction conditions. A range of nanoporous and nanoparticle catalysts, designed, synthesized, characterized, and tested by the authors and their colleagues, that meet most of the stringent demands of sustainable development and responsible (clean) technology is described. Specific examples that are highlighted include: (a) the production of adipic acid (precursor of polyamides and urethanes) without the use of concentrated nitric acid or the production of greenhouse gases such as nitrous oxide; (b) the production of caprolactam (precursor of nylon) without the use of oleum and hydroxylamine sulfate; and (c) the terminal oxyfunctionalization of linear alkanes in air. The topic of biocatalysis and sustainable development is also briefly discussed, and a cautionary note is sounded concerning fast screening methods for the discovery of new inorganic catalysts.

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Kheawhom, Soorathep, and Masahiko Hirao. "Decision support tools for environmentally benign process design under uncertainty." Computers & Chemical Engineering 28, no. 9 (August 2004): 1715–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2004.01.005.

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Hostrup, Martin, Peter M. Harper, and Rafiqul Gani. "Design of environmentally benign processes: integration of solvent design and separation process synthesis." Computers & Chemical Engineering 23, no. 10 (December 1999): 1395–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0098-1354(99)00300-2.

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Sakamoto, Ryu, and Keiji Maruoka. "The Design of Environmentally-Benign, High-Performance Organocatalysts for Asymmetric Catalysis." Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan 75, no. 11 (2017): 1141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.75.1141.

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Demchuk, Oleg M., Katarzyna Kielar, and K. Michał Pietrusiewicz. "Rational design of novel ligands for environmentally benign cross-coupling reactions." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 3 (January 31, 2011): 633–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-08-06.

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Transition-metal (TM) complexes of new phosphines, readily prepared by a straight-forward three-step modular synthesis, were successfully employed in difficult cross-coupling reactions conducted under mild conditions (water, “open-flask”, low temperature) that aspire to meet green chemistry criteria. High yielding catalyzed by bismuth or rhodium complexes oxidative arylation of naphthoquinone gave the key 2-arylnaphthoquinone intermediates for facile bismuth triflate-catalyzed Michael addition of secondary phosphine oxides. Subsequent O-methylation and reductions of the resulting products gave access to the target air-stable phosphine ligands in good overall yields (up to 60 %).

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Mabuchi, Mamoru, Kohmei Halada, and Tatsuhiko Aizawa. "Barrier-Free Processing of Materials for Environmentally Benign Life-Cycle Design." MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 43, no. 3 (2002): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.43.285.

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Дисертації з теми "Environmentally-benign design"

Reap, John J. "Holistic biomimicry a biologically inspired approach to environmentally benign engineering /." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31771.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.
Committee Chair: Bert Bras; Committee Member: David Rosen; Committee Member: Dayna Baumeister; Committee Member: Janet Allen; Committee Member: Jeannette Yen; Committee Member: Matthew Realff. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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Duncan, Scott Joseph. "Including severe uncertainty into environmentally benign life cycle design using information gap-decision theory." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22540.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
Committee Chair: Bras, Bert; Committee Member: Allen, Janet; Committee Member: Chameau, Jean-Lou; Committee Member: McGinnis, Leon; Committee Member: Paredis, Chris.

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Acharya, Shakuntala. "Supporting Environmentally-benign Design at Conceptual Stage." Thesis, 2019. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/5079.

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An ‘environmentally-benign design’ is defined as that which causes little or no harm to the natural environment and may be achieved by reducing the environmental impact of the design solutions conceptualised, to be eventually embodied into a product. During the early stages of design, iterative design activities of generation, evaluation, modification and selection are performed to affirm alternatives to a design solution from several fragmented and highly abstract ideas. Thus, the designer takes critical decisions with respect to the various criteria, such as, cost, aesthetics, ergonomics, environment, etc., and these cannot be easily rectified at later stages. Therefore, it is imperative to support sound decisionmaking at this stage of design, as it is at the conceptual stage that most number of decisions are taken and in turn, the environmental footprint of a design is committed. Thus, to support environmentally-benign design decisions at conceptual stage, appropriate selection of concept from a number of solution-variants is critical, and requires the support of evaluation of these solution-variants with respect to its environmental impact. However, these solution-variants are characterised as being highly abstract, lacking concrete descriptions and having incomplete information with respect to life cycle, making it challenging to estimate environmental impact with accuracy. This dissertation illustrates, through empirical study, the merit in making available environmental impact values of solutions for concept selection at an early stage which in turn, improves the design decisions and the environmentalbenignity of the overall design. The contributions of this research are towards (i) design domain, through ontological description of conceptual solutions grounded in quantifiable constructs (of SAPPhIRE), while capturing the inherent abstraction of this stage; (ii) evaluation with respect to environment, by identifying uncertainty prevalent in conceptual stage with respect to LCA and estimating the EI of a solution, with associated uncertainty, and (iii) supporting real-time design decision-making by the prescribed ‘concepTe’ tool. An acronym for ‘conceptual design Tool for environmentally-benign design’, the tool aims to support designer’s in taking real-time design decisions during conceptualisation by aiding in the evaluation of the solutions being designed, by a proposed method for estimating Environmental Impact (EI) of a solution, with uncertainty association. A ‘proof of concept’ of the intended tool is further evaluated for its effectiveness, through empirical studies, and is found to show promise in supporting environmentally benign design at conceptual stage

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Murugan, Kaliyappan, and 穆盧干. "I. Environmentally Benign Brønsted Acid Catalyst: Application to Nazarov Cyclization and Hosomi-Sakurai Allylation II. Design, Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluation of Thioalkanol-quinone Conjugate Library." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9t49gh.

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博士
國立東華大學
化學系
99
The first part of this thesis demonstrates an efficient methodology focusing on environmentally benign Brønsted acid catalyst and their application to Nazarov cyclization and Hosomi-Sakurai allylation. The second part belongs to medicinal chemistry, which developed new vitamin K3 and quinone derived anticancer drugs and studied their anticancer activities. With increasing environmental concern, the demand for environmentally friendly organic synthesis following green chemistry principles has increased importance. We utilized heteropoly acids and perchloric acid supported on silica gel as greener catalyst for organic transformation. Part I chapter one outlines the development of Nazarov cyclization, we have developed mild, selective and efficient Nazarov cyclization of various divinyl ketones (polarized, unpolarized divnyl ketones and cyclopropyl vinyl ketone) catalyzed by phosphomolybdic acid (PMA). This methodology demonstrates a broad substrate scope with low catalyst loading (0.5 mol%) in shorter reaction time at room temperature. Further, the catalyst system proved chemoselectivity and tolerance to acid labile functional groups. Silica gel supported catalyst showed more efficient than bulk catalyst. This catalyst system recycled up to three catalytic cycles without any loss of activity. The present method is therefore a promising and useful addition to existing catalyst system for the construction of five-membered carbocycles in natural product synthesis. Part I chapter two addresses the development of Hosomi-Sakurai allylation reaction. We established an efficient allylation of carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones), acetals, ketals and acylals in presence of catalytic amount of silicomolybdic acid (SMA), perchloric acid supported on silica gel as the competent and greener catalyst. This methodology has significant development that is the first example of direct allylation of aldehydes and ketones to homoallyl benzyl ethers in the presence of cheap and readily available benzyl alcohol. Further, the scope of the reaction extended to acetals, acylals and demonstrated first truly catalytic ring opening of cyclic acetals to homoallylated alcohols in a single step. The SMA-SiO2 catalyst was recycled up to three catalytic cycles with little catalytic loss. Part II addressing the medicinal chemistry work, we designed vitamin K3 and quinone derived anticancer drugs based on structure activity relationship from parent compound cpd5. We synthesized 48 library molecules using vitamin K3, 1,4-naphthoquinone and 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone as scaffolds and the side chain 1-mercapto-alkan-2-ols derived from commercially available amino acid (D, L, DL). The synthetic compounds were tested for anticancer activities against three human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, NCI-H460 and SF-268) also one normal cell line Detroit-551, all compounds have cytotoxicity but some compounds exhibited good cytotoxicity in micromolar range. Further, the compounds docked with cdc25A phosphatase, the results revealed that the compounds AD-H (II.51a), and AD-S(II.53a) have strong binding affinity 2.35,2.47 respectively as compared to parent compound Cpd5 (2.29). Further analysis of the selective compounds with cell cycle analysis revealed that AD-H (II.51a) increase the G0/G1 phase arrest as compared to other compounds. Based on this study we can conclude that AD-H (II51a) could be a promising inhibitor for cdc25A.

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Частини книг з теми "Environmentally-benign design"

Çolak, Melis, İrem Yaprak Utku, Deniz Özmisir, Alican Boz, Tayfun Aydoğdu, Mert Cem Didiş, and Emre Nadar. "Sustainable Transportation System Design." In Environmentally-Benign Energy Solutions, 857–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20637-6_42.

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Younas, Tanzila, Muhammad Sarang Memon, Hadi Raza, and Khalil-ur Rehman. "Design and Fabrication of Rotimatic Machine." In Environmentally-Benign Energy Solutions, 799–815. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20637-6_39.

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Köktürk, Gülden, Ayça Tokuç, T. Didem Altun, İrem Kale, F. Feyzal Özkaban, Özge Andiç Çakır, and Aylin Şendemir. "Experimental and Numerical Shortest Route Optimization in Generating a Design Template for a Recreation Area in Kadifekale." In Environmentally-Benign Energy Solutions, 779–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20637-6_38.

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Akdemir, Manolya, Ahmet Yilanci, and Engin Cetin. "Thermoelectric Effects and an Application on a Case Study: Design of Thermoelectric Refrigerator Volume with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)." In Environmentally-Benign Energy Solutions, 817–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20637-6_40.

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Hancock, Kenneth G., and Margaret A. Cavanaugh. "Environmentally Benign Chemical Synthesis and Processing for the Economy and the Environment." In Benign by Design, 23–30. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1994-0577.ch002.

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Acharya, Shakuntala, and Amaresh Chakrabarti. "‘ConcepTe’: Supporting Environmentally Benign Design Decision-Making at Conceptual Stage." In Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, 335–44. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5974-3_29.

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Zhao, Renhong, Heriberto Cabezas, and Subba R. Nishtala. "The Design of Technologically Effective and Environmentally Benign Solvent Substitutes." In ACS Symposium Series, 230–43. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2000-0767.ch019.

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Matsumoto, E., J. Ohtake, J. Okada, and S. Takata. "A Method for Selecting Delivery Modes in Environmentally Benign Product Service System Design." In The Philosopher's Stone for Sustainability, 375–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32847-3_63.

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Yüksel, Yunus Emre, Fatih Yilmaz, and Murat Ozturk. "Design and Analysis of a New Environmentally Benign Ammonia-Based Solar Thermochemical Integrated Plant." In Lecture Notes in Energy, 333–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40738-4_15.

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Dairokuno, Yutaka, Juri Matsumura, and Shozo Takata. "A Method of Selecting Customer-Oriented Service and Delivery Modes in Designing Environmentally Benign Product Service Systems." In Sustainability Through Innovation in Product Life Cycle Design, 249–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0471-1_17.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Environmentally-benign design"

Allen, Dave, Diana Bauer, Bert Bras, Tim Gutowski, Cindy Murphy, Tom Piwonka, Paul Sheng, John Sutherland, Deborah Thurston, and Egon Wolff. "Environmentally Benign Manufacturing: Trends in Europe, Japan, and the USA." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/dfm-21204.

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Abstract In this paper, findings of the Panel for International Assessment of Environmentally Benign Manufacturing Technologies, sponsored by the United States National Science Foundation, are discussed. The mission of this interdisciplinary panel was to assess the international state-of-the-art in Environmentally Benign Manufacturing (EBM), and to identify priorities and collaborative opportunities. Over 50 sites in Japan, Europe and the United States were visited over the course of the yearlong study. This paper focuses on some global trends that were observed.

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Levendis, Yiannis A. "Design and Testing of a Novel Environmentally-Benign Automotive Oil Filter." In SAE 2010 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-0272.

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Ortega, Roberto A., Uma-Shankar Kalyan-Seshu, and Bert Bras. "A Decision Support Model for the Life-Cycle Design of a Family of Oil Filters." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/dac-8612.

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Abstract In this paper, a decision support approach for designing a family of environmentally benign products for a ranged set of customer requirements is presented. More specifically, we incorporate environmental issues in order to minimize the environmental impact of products without sacrificing their performance characteristics and keeping competitive prices in comparison to existing products. The example problem consists of the design of a family of environmentally benign oil filters based on a variety of oil flow rate ranges. Environmental issues are represented by Life Cycle Assessments and comparisons of the existing alternatives based on their environmental impact. Emphasis is placed on highlighting the trade-off analysis for including environmental considerations in the design of a family of products and not on the results of the problem, per se.

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Aughenbaugh, Jason Matthew, Scott Duncan, Christiaan J. J. Paredis, and Bert Bras. "A Comparison of Probability Bounds Analysis and Sensitivity Analysis in Environmentally Benign Design and Manufacture." In ASME 2006 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2006-99230.

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There is growing acceptance in the design community that two types of uncertainty exist: inherent variability and uncertainty that results from a lack of knowledge, which variously is referred to as imprecision, incertitude, irreducible uncertainty, and epistemic uncertainty. There is much less agreement on the appropriate means for representing and computing with these types of uncertainty. Probability bounds analysis (PBA) is a method that represents uncertainty using upper and lower cumulative probability distributions. These structures, called probability boxes or just p-boxes, capture both variability and imprecision. PBA includes algorithms for efficiently computing with these structures under certain conditions. This paper explores the advantages and limitations of PBA in comparison to traditional decision analysis with sensitivity analysis in the context of environmentally benign design and manufacture. The example of the selection of an oil filter involves multiple objectives and multiple uncertain parameters. These parameters are known with varying levels of uncertainty, and different assumptions about the dependencies between variables are made. As such, the example problem provides a rich context for exploring the applicability of PBA and sensitivity analysis to making engineering decisions under uncertainty. The results reveal specific advantages and limitations of both methods. The appropriate choice of an analysis depends on the exact decision scenario.

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Haupt, Guenther, John S. Joyce, and Konrad Kuenstle. "Combined Cycles Permit the Most Environmentally Benign Conversion of Fossil Fuels to Electricity." In ASME 1990 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/90-gt-367.

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The environmental impact of unfired combined-cycle blocks of the GUD® type is compared with that of equivalent reheat steam boiler/turbine units. The outstandingly high efficiency of GUD blocks not only conserves primary-energy resources, but also commensurately reduces undesirable emissions and unavoidable heat rejection to the surroundings. In addition to conventional gas or oil-fired GUD blocks, integrated coal-gasification combined-cycle (ICG-GUD) blocks are investigated from an ecological point of view so as to cover the whole range of available fossil fuels. For each fuel and corresponding type of GUD power plant the most appropriate conventional steam-generating unit of most modern design is selected for comparison purposes. In each case the relative environmental impact is stated in the form of quantified emissions, effluents and waste heat, as well as of useful byproducts and disposable solid wastes. GUD blocks possess the advantage that they allow primary measures to be taken to minimize the production of NOx and SOx, whereas both have to be removed from the flue gases of conventional steam stations by less effective and desirable, albeit more expensive secondary techniques, e.g. flue-gas desulfurization and DENOX systems. In particular, the comparison of CO2 release reveals a significantly lower contribution by GUD blocks to the greenhouse effect than by other fossil-fired power plants.

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Duncan, Scott J., Jason Matthew Aughenbaugh, Christiaan J. J. Paredis, and Bert Bras. "Considering the Info-Gap Approach to Robust Decisions Under Severe Uncertainty in the Context of Environmentally Benign Design." In ASME 2006 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2006-99486.

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Information-Gap Decision Theory (IGDT), an approach to robust decision making under severe uncertainty, is considered in the context of a simple life cycle engineering example. IGDT offers a path to a decision in the class of problems where only a nominal estimate is available for some uncertain life cycle variable that affects performance, and where there is some unknown amount of discrepancy between that estimate and the variable’s actual value. Instead of seeking maximized performance, the decision rule inherent to IGDT prefers designs with maximum immunity (info-gap robustness) to the size that the unknown discrepancy could take. This robustness aspiration is subject to a constraint of achieving better than some minimal requirement for performance. In this paper, an automotive oil filter selection design example, which involves several types of severe uncertainty, is formulated and solved using an IDGT approach. Particular attention is paid to the complexities of assessing preference for robustness to multiple severe uncertainties simultaneously. The strengths and limitations of the approach are discussed mainly in the context of environmentally benign design and manufacture.

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Ebuzeme, Ifeanyichukwu, Oladipo Olatunji, and Babatope Olufemi. "Factorial Design Validation of an Environmentally Benign Water-Based Drilling Fluid from Sweet Potato Peels at Elevated Temperatures." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207097-ms.

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Abstract In recent years, several research types have been carried out to produce environmentally-benign drilling fluid additives using locally sourced substances. Still, the formulation of a more effective and cheaper viscosifier for a better hole cleaning ability that lowers risk in lost circulation zones, especially at higher temperatures, remains a critical research subject. This study examines the use of Sweet Potato Peels Extract (PPE), a more readily available by-product, as a drilling fluid additive. A 23 factorial experiment that considers temperature, PPE and Xanthan Gum (X.G.) as factor variables and viscosity as a response variable was conducted for field optimisation. In this research, the PPE and other commercial polymers were measured at different concentrations and combined in a specified ratio of 1:1 by mass to verify the levels of interaction between the additives on the mud weight, yield point (Y.P.), and plastic viscosity (P.V.) of the formulated drilling mud. The additives’ effects were then recorded using a mud balance, a viscometer, and a heater for temperature variance. The results were then compared with the control mud to ascertain the additives’ effectiveness. Experimental results revealed that the PPE and X.G. increased the Y.P. and P.V. at 104 °F and 176 °F, respectively. On adding 6 g of X.G. to the control mud (8.97 ppg), at 104 °F and 176 °F, the Y.P. increased by 88% and 11%, respectively, and the 3 g PPE + 3 g X.G. gave a better inference at 104 °F and 176 °F with a 92% and 38% increase respectively. This increase is a result of higher potassium content in the PPE from chemical laboratory analysis. Apart from the optimum ratio by mass of 1:1 above, the combination effects or results are shown using the factorial design experiment. The factor variables were modelled into a mathematical equation that indicates PPE additive as the most significant parameter on the yield point. The second component of viscosity, plastic viscosity (P.V.), followed a similar trend. Furthermore, PPE and X.G.'s effect on plastic viscosity at 176 °F decreased slightly with an increase in the control mud's salinity. This novel combination offers a more cost-effective and better-performing viscosifier than the conventional X.G. from the above results. The model helps predict downhole conditions better as it shows the interactive effects of the various additives and can help inform decisions at the surface. A better hole cleaning ability, lower risk in lost circulation zones, and reduced Non-Productive Time would be the benefits of using this formulation.

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Singh, Prashant Kumar, and Prabir Sarkar. "An Approach for Identifying and Customizing the Effective Ecodesign Tools for Environmentally Sustainable Product Development." In ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-69759.

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Abstract Producing environmentally benign products has now become one of the key challenges of companies across the globe. It can be achieved by utilizing the ecodesign tools in product development process for reducing the environmental impact of products during the design stage itself. Although, the ecodesign tools are available in abundance but there is a lack of studies that can help companies to identify suitable tools. A novel approach has been developed in this study which assists companies to identify and adopt effective ecodesign tools. In this study, three companies related to different product categories are included for testing the proposed approach. Results show that ‘Ecodesign Checklist,’ ‘Material, Energy, Toxicity (MET) Matrix’ and ‘Life Cycle Design Strategy (LiDS) Wheel’ are the three most effective ecodesign tools among the tested tools. Also, it is realized that if these three ecodesign tools are customized and integrated together in a specific sequence then it can be used by the designers, especially novice designers, as an ecodesign methodology. This methodology has the potential to guide designers in the form of a step by step approach during environmentally conscious product development.

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Haynes, Comas. "Preliminary Aeronautical Design Considerations of “High NOS” SOFC/GT Hybrids." In ASME 2004 2nd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2004-2533.

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Анотація:

Aerovehicular application of solid oxide fuel cell/gas turbine (SOFC/GT) auxiliary power units (APUs) is a promising concept that may significantly aid the advent of next-generation, environmentally benign aircrafts. The hybrid concept may not only be a novelty, but a necessity, for viably realizing the benefits of fuel cells on-board. A generic design concept is proposed wherein the strategic integration of the cell stack with a bottoming turbine for APU duty, along with regenerative fuel recirculation, could be used to foster larger reactant “numbers-of-stoichs” (NOS) levels within the stack. This may engender larger gravimetric power densities, capacitance for load following and thermal reliability. Fuel utilization/NOS may then be a significant design degree-of-freedom to include within the design process.

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Gupta, Ashwani K. "Challenges and Opportunities for Solid Wastes (Invited)." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84607.

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Анотація:

Incineration of plastic and other waste has provided energy recovery opportunities, together with associated challenges on the environmentally benign energy recovery. Most of the wastes have significant energy potential, the utilization of which can save millions of dollars on the national scale. However difficulties exist for their utilization in propulsion and power systems in an environmentally acceptable manner. It is anticipated that the amount of waste generated will continue to grow in the new millennium, along with associated changes in its composition. Incineration (thermal destruction) of wastes to the molecular level allows one to more cleanly convert into usable energy. The challenges provide opportunities for combustion engineers, whose research has expanded significantly in recent years, particularly in areas related to fossil fuels and wastes being used as fuels. The field of combustion is further diversified by the complex nature of most reaction processes. Fuel chemistry, fluid mechanics, convective and radiative heat transfer, gas-phase elementary reactions, turbulence, and particle kinetics and dynamics are relevant processes that often have a direct, and sometimes controlling influence, on the behavior of a particular combustion system. Sensors, diagnostics and miniaturization of the system continue to be of major importance for successful implementation of this new technology.

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