Дисертації: "Environmental Science"

1

Nagy, Eric T. "An Internship in Environmental Science." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1134135903.

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2

Harper, Louise. "Model-based geostatistics in environmental science." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387432.

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3

Mahl, Beate. "Environmental Science Communication at Swedish universities." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-180898.

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Given the severe environmental problems we are facing, it is crucial to communicate environmental knowledge to society in order to facilitate a trajectory towards sustainability. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore how departments at Swedish universities, whose research revolves around environmental topics, communicate their research. At four departments at two universities, I examine based on semi-structured interviews (I) with whom and in what ways these departments communicate their research, (II) what the motivations are to do so, and (III) if there are challenges in communicating environmental science. For examining the departments’ communication strategies, I apply the theory of a multi-model framework of expert-public interaction. This multi-model framework, however, proved to be too simplistic for the complexity of reality, as the models underlying this framework are too intertwined, and not competing descriptions of reality. They rather describe specific aspects of communication practices. The results show that even though there are two-way communication practices with both the government, specific stakeholders, and the general public, the mere dissemination of environmental knowledge seems to be the default practice of science communication at the examined departments - especially concerning the general public. The motivation to communicate environmental knowledge is of intrinsic nature, to give something back to society and to increase awareness about sustainability practices. Discovered challenges in science communication include a general lack of time to effectively communicate research results, as well as deficient education in science communication for researchers. For transforming into sustainable societies communication strategies need to be improved.

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4

Fukuda, Kyoko. "Computer-Enhanced Knowledge Discovery in Environmental Science." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mathematics and Statistics, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2140.

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Encouraging the use of computer algorithms by developing new algorithms and introducing uncommonly known algorithms for use on environmental science problems is a significant contribution, as it provides knowledge discovery tools to extract new aspects of results and draw new insights, additional to those from general statistical methods. Conducting analysis with appropriately chosen methods, in terms of quality of performance and results, computation time, flexibility and applicability to data of various natures, will help decision making in the policy development and management process for environmental studies. This thesis has three fundamental aims and motivations. Firstly, to develop a flexibly applicable attribute selection method, Tree Node Selection (TNS), and a decision tree assessment tool, Tree Node Selection for assessing decision tree structure (TNS-A), both of which use decision trees pre-generated by the widely used C4.5 decision tree algorithm as their information source, to identify important attributes from data. TNS helps the cost effective and efficient data collection and policy making process by selecting fewer, but important, attributes, and TNS-A provides a tool to assess the decision tree structure to extract information on the relationship of attributes and decisions. Secondly, to introduce the use of new, theoretical or unknown computer algorithms, such as the K-Maximum Subarray Algorithm (K-MSA) and Ant-Miner, by adjusting and maximizing their applicability and practicality to assess environmental science problems to bring new insights. Additionally, the unique advanced statistical and mathematical method, Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA), is demonstrated as a data pre-processing method to help improve C4.5 results on noisy measurements. Thirdly, to promote, encourage and motivate environmental scientists to use ideas and methods developed in this thesis. The methods were tested with benchmark data and various real environmental science problems: sea container contamination, the Weed Risk Assessment model and weed spatial analysis for New Zealand Biosecurity, air pollution, climate and health, and defoliation imagery. The outcome of this thesis will be to introduce the concept and technique of data mining, a process of knowledge discovery from databases, to environmental science researchers in New Zealand and overseas by collaborating on future research to achieve, together with future policy and management, to maintain and sustain a healthy environment to live in.

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5

Chiang, G. T. "Building an eScience infrastructure for environmental science." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597598.

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The objective of this project is to build an eScience/grid infrastructure suitable for use with environmental sciences and especially with hydrological science. The infrastructure allows a wide range of hydrological problems to be investigated and is particularly suitable for either computationally intensive or multiple scenario applications. To accomplish this objective, this project discovered the shortcomings of current grid infrastructures for hydrological science and developed missing components to fill this gap. In particular, there were three primary areas which needed work; firstly, integrating data and computing grids; secondly, visualization of geographic information from grid outputs; and thirdly, implementing hydrological simulations based on this infrastructure. A grid infrastructure, which consists of a computing and a data grid, has been built. In addition, the computing grid has been extended to utilize the Amazon cloud computing resources. Users can implement a complete simulation job life cycle form job submission, and data management to metadata management based on this infrastructure. In order to deal with the visualization and metadata within the grid, XMLization is used in this project. I developed a Writing Keyhole Markup Language (WKML), which is a Fortran library allowing enviornemntal scientists to visualize their model outputs in Google Earth. I have also developed a Writing Hydrological Markup Language (WHML) to describe the hydrological data. Finally, an XPath-based tool integrated with RMCS has been developed to extract metadata from XML files. A hydrological scientific pilot project tries to discover whether SHETRAN modelling could be used to predict hydrological behaviour at downstream. The outcomes proved that the SHETRAN synthetic Flood Frequency Curves (FFCs) suggest that simple short-term modelling can be extrapolated to estimate the impact on FFCs of changes in land use/management.

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6

Nikolaos, Christodoulou. "Metaphor in the teaching of environmental science." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020326/.

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Studies of metaphors in teaching and learning have underlined the important role of metaphors in reasoning, but have sometimes failed to show the effect of metaphor on how scientific concepts are represented, and have sometimes overlooked hidden metaphors in their attempts to be explicit about how metaphor functions. This study investigates metaphor in the context of teaching environmental science. It does not assume any simple correlation between surface linguistic cues and the presence or kind of metaphor. Two theoretical approaches have been chosen, Systemic Functional Linguistics (M. Halliday) which sees language as a social construction of meaning, and Image Schema (M Johnson and G Lakoff) which has developed in cognitive science and cognitive linguistics. These two approaches are used to discuss examples of metaphors from a number of lessons which have been observed and video-recorded, and in a variety of textbooks used as resource materials in teaching environmental science. The choice of environmental science as the subject matter arises from two of its distinct characteristics. One is the fact that ideology triggers and shapes the interests, decisions and choices of materials, issues, arguments, reasons, etc. But there is nothing like one unique ideology, on the contrary conflicts of different ideologies raise differences about what will be selected and how it will be represented. At this point there is a special role taken on by metaphor. Metaphors provide the means for creating differences and similarities, thus bringing together or keeping apart ideologies. Second, the teaching of environmental science does not appear as the teaching of science only, bounded from anything else, but is a blend of accounts of scientific and commonsense knowledge. Metaphors appear at the overlapping points where this blending takes place. It is not the purpose of the thesis to question, or to contribute to, the theoretical perspectives adopted. Rather, its interest is in how these perspectives provide, each in their own way, insights into the nature of the discourse of teaching environmental science, and thus to raise questions about its effectiveness.

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7

Aoki, Toru. "APPLICATIONS OF RADIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE." Kyoto University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/181406.

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8

Birchenough, Andrew Christian. "Community-based science." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366519.

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9

Bessant, Michael F. "Lightweight avionics platform to access atmospheric environmental science." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9198.

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There is a region of the atmosphere between approximately 10-40 km above the Earth’s surface that is inaccessible to most winged aircraft and that rockets visit only fleetingly, but where small unmanned balloons are increasingly being used to carry lightweight (<5 Kg) scientific payloads. A major disadvantage of using these inexpensive ‘weather’ balloons is that researchers often have to develop telemetry and support avionics in addition to the core experiment. The aim of this thesis project was to significantly reduce this challenge by developing a Lightweight Avionics Platform (LAP) that would be able to support a wide range of experiments by providing data from a suite of sensors and a GPS receiver, together with an Iridium satellite link for communicating with internet enabled ground stations. The LAP also provides non-volatile storage for the sensor, GPS and experiment generated data. The LAP design is based on a low power consumption microcomputer that is compatible with the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) and its associated open-source communication and sensor interface libraries. Modular systems architecture was employed as an aid to rapid hardware development. A major design goal was to allow researchers to interface their experiments without affecting the integrity of the LAP’s embedded operating software. A dedicated Science Interface Port (SIP) is provided for this purpose that allows experiments to be powered and data exchanged, via a single electrically robust connector. This part of the project was completed with the construction and testing of a flight-capable LAP that weighs less than 0.2 Kg. In order to ascertain the reliability of the above platform when subjected to the low temperatures and pressures expected during stratospheric flight, the project included the development of an environmental test chamber and associated monitoring/logging system. A unique feature of this low cost chamber is that it is both portable and transparent to satellite communications’ signals. Finally, design details for a proposed atmospheric dust sampling experiment are provided as an example LAP application.

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10

Higgs, Gary. "Social and Environmental Applications of Geographical Information Science." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.680113.

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11

Richer, Gaelen Kathleen. "Environmental education resource for fifth grade science instruction." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3395.

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The goal of this project was to develop an environmental education resource for fifth grade teachers using the California Science textbook. The goal is for teachers to be able to use this guide as a convenient resource to incorporate environmental education and environmental literature into science instruction.

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12

Erdem, Cagri. "Governance of transboundary environmental crisis in the Aral Sea Basin the role of Uzbek environmental NGOs /." Related electronic resource:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1342745161&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3739&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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13

Markarian, Naro R. "Environmental control of vegetable storage environments." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31268.

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A large-scale experimental, state of the art storage facility was constructed on the Macdonald Campus of McGill University. This storage facility will serve as a tool to further investigate many of the laboratory experiments performed in agricultural and food science topics, by providing a representation of actual storage facilities in use in the industry today. The storage facility was fully instrumented to provide valuable data of the stored commodity and it's environment. A custom control software was developed with a user friendly graphical interface. This fully automated software allows data acquisition and control of temperature and relative humidity of the experimental storage facility.
Experiments were performed and the control software provided an adequate temperature and relative humidity control. The controller was based on a conventional PID or proportional, integral and derivative controller. To further improve the control of the storage facility, a novel multivariable PID controller was developed using enthalpy as the process variable, which encompasses both temperature and relative humidity. The novel controller was tested using a mathematical model developed. Simulations were performed comparing the performance of the novel multivariable controller to two other conventional controllers. The results demonstrate that the novel multivariable PID controller is capable of controlling temperature and relative humidity better than the other two conventional control techniques.

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14

Lohan, Dagmar. "Science in environmental decision-making : a case-study analysis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270438.

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15

Obrycki, John F. "Managing Soils For Environmental Science And Public Health Applications." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1469014282.

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16

Bryan, Jenelle Sue. "Environmental science curriculum for eleventh through twelfth grade classes." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1508.

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17

Benavides, Aerin Benavides. "Meanings teachers make of teaching science outdoors as they explore citizen science." Thesis, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10123698.

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This descriptive case study examined the meanings public elementary school teachers (N = 13) made of learning to enact citizen science projects in their schoolyards in partnership with a local Arboretum. Utilizing Engeström’s (2001) framework of cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT), the Arboretum’s outreach program for area Title 1 schools was viewed as an activity system composed of and acting in partnership with the teachers. The major finding was that teachers designed and mastered new ways of teaching (expansive learning) and transformed their citizen science activity to facilitate student engagement and learning. I highlight four important themes in teachers’ expansive learning: (a) discussion, (b) inclusion, (c) integration, and (d) collaboration. Teacher learning communities formed when colleagues shared responsibilities, formed mentor/mentee relationships, and included student teachers and interns in the activity. This program could serve as a model for elementary school citizen science education, as well as a model for professional development for teachers to learn to teach science and Environmental Education outdoors.

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18

Turner, Michael. "ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTIST II INTERNSHIP WITH SHAW ENVIRONMENTAL AND INFRASTRUCTURE." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1339436469.

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19

Meschini, Marta <1990&gt. "Collective actions for environmental monitoring and conservation: citizen science, informal environmental education, and participatory approach." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10305/1/PhD-thesis_Marta%20Meschini.pdf.

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This PhD was driven by an interest for inclusive and participatory approaches. The methodology that bridges science and society is known as 'citizen science' and is experiencing a huge upsurge worldwide, in the scientific and humanities fields. In this thesis, I have focused on three topics: i) assessing the reliability of data collected by volunteers; ii) evaluating the impact of environmental education activities in tourist facilities; and iii) monitoring marine biodiversity through citizen science. In addition to these topics, during my research stay abroad, I developed a questionnaire to investigate people's perceptions of natural areas to promote the implementation of co-management. The results showed that volunteers are not only able to collect sufficiently reliable data, but that during their participation in this type of project, they can also increase their knowledge of marine biology and ecology and their awareness of the impact of human behaviour on the environment. The short-term analysis has shown that volunteers are able to retain what they have learned. In the long term, knowledge is usually forgotten, but awareness is retained. Increased awareness could lead to a change in behaviour and in this case a more environmentally friendly attitude. This aspect could be of interest for the development of environmental education projects in tourism facilities to reduce the impact of tourism on the environment while adding a valuable service to the tourism offer. We also found that nature experiences in childhood are important to connect to nature in adulthood. The results also suggest that membership or volunteering in an environmental education association could be a predictor of people's interest in more participatory approaches to nature management. In most cases, the COVID -19 pandemic had not changed participants' perceptions of the natural environment.

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20

Cihangir, Cihan Gulin. "Investigating Pre-service Science Teachers." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611596/index.pdf.

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Based on the importance of implementing effective environmental education has been asserted to a sustainable solution to the environmental problems, this study aimed to (1) investigate the pre-service science teachers&rsquo
processes of construction of explanations regarding environmental problems, and (2) provide an environment for researchers to understand the dispositions of participants in terms of how using environmental explanations for answering the questions. The research has been realized within the context of an elective course titled &ldquo
Laboratory applications in environmental education&rdquo
in the Department of Elementary Education throughout 2008-2009 Spring semesters. The 21 pre-service science teachers attended the course and participated the environmental learning activities including five different environmental problems
biological diversity, surface waters, drinking water, waste water and air pollution with in a small group. Field trip activities, group discussions and whole class discussions were conducted through the course. Data were collected through audio and video recorders from one small group and through pre, post-tests. Analyses of data revealed that pre-service science teachers could not aware of the complex and multidisciplinary nature of environmental knowledge, so they mostly interpreted environmental problems through the everyday knowledge that they derived from everyday experiences. Through peer collaboration in fields and student-facilitator collaboration in discussions weeks, the pre-service science teachers have a chance to analyze different perspectives and ideologies about the causes and solutions of environmental problems. The pre-tests and post-test results revealed that in the field-based collaborative inquiry activities the participants&rsquo
nature of explanations shifted from descriptive to formal and scientific explanations.

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21

Hatfield, Denise Truex. "Addressing second and third grade California science and social science content standards through environmental literature." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3056.

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In response to the federal legislation No Child Left Behind, schools across the country implemented required reading programs for classroom instruction. Open Court's Reading program meets this criterion for many schools. The text in Open Court Reading for grades two and three was evaluated for science and social science content standards that would be supportive of environmental education. Supplemental lessons from Project Learning Tree, Project WILD, and Project WET were identified.

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22

Holden, Anna Dean. "Organizing Rural Communities for Effective Citizen Science Programs." The University of Montana, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-04252007-134546/.

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Citizen science, or the use of volunteers for scientific projects, is becoming a popular way for agencies and organizations to collect data. The benefits of citizen science include saving the agency or organization resources, educating the community about conservation issues, and promoting land stewardship. Currently, many citizen monitoring organizations are based in urban areas, whereas their projects are located near more rural towns. Research shows that demographics such as area of residence can be a factor in the publics attitude toward any scientific or land management project (Williams et al, 2002; Kellert, 1978, 1985; Vaske et al, 2001). This fact was supported by a citizen science project, led by the author, on the Clearwater National Forest. Currently, no citizen science organizing manuals address the issue of rural/urban difference in volunteer recruitment. Additionally, the question of what qualities citizen science must have to be used by government agencies must be determined so that non-governmental organizations can produce useful data. I interviewed 11 successful urban-based citizen science conservation organizations in order to establish the characteristics of successful volunteer recruitment and retention. Additionally, I interviewed five state or federal agencies that used citizen science data in order to establish the characteristics of effective citizen science programs. Using Glesne (1999) as a guide, interviews were numbered and coded. Results showed that successful recruitment methods differ between rural and urban areas, with word of mouth and local newspapers as most effective. Citizens must believe in the program, have a social atmosphere associated with the program, and have a personal relationship with the project organizer in order to volunteer again. There is a difference in rural and urban communities, having to do with different values, priorities, and environmental awareness. Effective citizen science programs share three main characteristics: a proper training program, scientific accuracy, and a quality control program.

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23

Jones, Sandra Joyce. "How an after school environmental science club can increase environmental knowledge: Awareness and sensitivity towards the environment for third and fourth grade students." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3377.

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Children today are disconnected from the natural environment around them, sometimes finding it annoying, lacking in excitement, and little use to them. Their attention and focus are spent inside watching TV, playing games on computers or a variety of other electronic devices. The purpose of this project was to see if after-school exposure to an Enirovnmental Science Club on the school grounds can impact student attitudes toward our local environment and to increase these third and fourth grade students' knowledge and awareness of their environment.

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24

Chan, Chi-keong Johnson. "The urban environmental park." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2594941x.

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25

Pohl, Raimund R. "An evaluation of the learning outcomes in environmental science from a field-based water quality environmental unit." Thesis, Curtin University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1260.

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This thesis validates the Science Laboratory Environment Inventory for the first time in a field based environmental setting using a water quality-monitoring program within a girls' high school and compares the cognitive achievement of students in the water quality-monitoring school with those in non-water quality-monitoring schools. The psychosocial learning dimensions of the water quality-monitoring program are assessed using a modified form of the Science Laboratory Environment Inventory.The results indicate that students involved in the water quality-monitoring school were more homogenous and ranked higher in their cognitive achievement and transferability of concepts than students in the non-water quality-monitoring schools. Pre and post testing together with anecdotal information affirmed that there was a direct association between the quantitative results and qualitative information in relation to the learning dimension scales of the Science Laboratory Environment Inventory.Comparisons were made between similar water environmental programs in different countries and the water quality-monitoring school program results. The use of skills and constructivist techniques indicates that the water quality-monitoring program together with real life problem solving work is an effective method for improving science learning.

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26

Jefferson, Rebecca Louise. "Communicating marine environmental health : connecting science, social and policy values." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2666.

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Human activities are degrading marine ecosystems and undermining the ecological functions and processes which provide valued goods and services. European and UK marine policy developments aim to implement the Ecosystem Approach to support better management of activities and maintain the health of regional seas. Current public perceptions of the UK marine environment are overwhelmingly negative, creating a barrier to engaging society with marine environmental issues and policy. This thesis conducts a study of the attributes of a suite of 72 UK marine species to identify those which contribute most to marine ecological health. The findings show that structurally complex species are most important and are recommended as species to assess and monitor Good Environmental Status as defined by the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Existing conservation policies are biased towards large vertebrate species, with ecologically important species being underprotected. A survey of public perceptions of the marine environment. revealed conflicting perceptions of charismatic megafauna. Charismatic species were the most interesting species but least important as measures of marine health. Ecologically important species were the least interesting, but ecological health concepts were considered important measures of marine health. Perceptions of the marine environment varied with socio-demographic and social value factors. By integrating these studies, barriers and opportunities to engaging society with the marine environment were identified. Communication strategies which address these are proposed, including a suite of Spokes Species, potential high profile species to champion the marine environment. These include puffin, cod, basking shark and seagrass. A series of themes are proposed which implement other key findings such as the importance of personal experience in building connections with marine species. Communication strategies are supported by ecologically defined assessments of marine environmental health, are relevant to current policy developments and will resonate with social values of the marine environment.

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27

Layzer, Judith A. "Sense and credibility : the role of science in environmental policymaking." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9696.

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28

Stephenson, Jessica R. "Salamanders and Science: Place-based Environmental Education in Rural Appalachia." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96552.

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The opportunity to learn science by doing authentic science in a rural community is not a common occurrence, yet for over thirty years, a group of dedicated educators have provided the experience of learning field biology and ecology to students in a geographically isolated area of the Appalachian Mountains. The over-arching research question in this study is: how does a Field School program in Appalachia use a place-based environmental education approach to teach students about their local community and environmental issues, while also extending their understanding of global environmental issues? Foundational literature includes work in place-based education, critical pedagogy, critical pedagogy of place, and Appalachian studies. This qualitative, ethnographic case-study examines the experiences and reflections of three instructors and four students throughout the program. As a high school student, I was a participant in this program, and my own experiences and perspectives are included as an ethnographic chapter in the data analysis as well. The teachers in the program share a deep commitment to environmental education and ecojustice, and the students gain valuable insight into what it means to be a scientist, how local environmental issues relate to global environmental and economic issues and move towards becoming advocates for the environment.
Doctor of Philosophy
Environmental education is often overlooked and under-researched, particularly in rural areas. The purpose of this study was to examine a long-running summer educational program in Appalachia that teaches students about local environmental issues through hands-on scientific field research. This study examined the long history of the program, how the curriculum has changed throughout the years, what teachers believe is important about the curriculum they teach, and ultimately what students learn from the program. In this rural community, the opportunity to learn science by doing science is an important aspect of this program, as is the opportunity to learn about local environmental issues that ultimately have global consequences.

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29

Penwell, Rebecca Ann. "An evaluation of the Advanced Placement Program in Environmental Science." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0000913.

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30

Pokhrel, Lok R., Phillip R. Scheuerman, and Brajesh Dubey. "Evaluation of Experimental Design Options in Environmental Nano-Science Research." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2874.

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Evaluation of Experimental Design Options in Environmental Nano-Science Research As an experimental research design plays a pivotal role in executing a research problem, it is imperative of a researcher to develop a suitable and sound research design. Utilizing robust statistical methods can further enhance the study power and thus allow drawing a logical conclusion. The same holds true for basic environmental science research, including research related to the effects of engineered nanomaterials in the environment.

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31

Yang, Haofan. "Reputation modelling in citizen science for environmental acoustic data analysis." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/54657/1/Haofan_Yang_Thesis.pdf.

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Citizen Science projects are initiatives in which members of the general public participate in scientific research projects and perform or manage research-related tasks such as data collection and/or data annotation. Citizen Science is technologically possible and scientifically significant. However, as the gathered information is from the crowd, the data quality is always hard to manage. There are many ways to manage data quality, and reputation management is one of the common approaches. In recent year, many research teams have deployed many audio or image sensors in natural environment in order to monitor the status of animals or plants. The collected data will be analysed by ecologists. However, as the amount of collected data is exceedingly huge and the number of ecologists is very limited, it is impossible for scientists to manually analyse all these data. The functions of existing automated tools to process the data are still very limited and the results are still not very accurate. Therefore, researchers have turned to recruiting general citizens who are interested in helping scientific research to do the pre-processing tasks such as species tagging. Although research teams can save time and money by recruiting general citizens to volunteer their time and skills to help data analysis, the reliability of contributed data varies a lot. Therefore, this research aims to investigate techniques to enhance the reliability of data contributed by general citizens in scientific research projects especially for acoustic sensing projects. In particular, we aim to investigate how to use reputation management to enhance data reliability. Reputation systems have been used to solve the uncertainty and improve data quality in many marketing and E-Commerce domains. The commercial organizations which have chosen to embrace the reputation management and implement the technology have gained many benefits. Data quality issues are significant to the domain of Citizen Science due to the quantity and diversity of people and devices involved. However, research on reputation management in this area is relatively new. We therefore start our investigation by examining existing reputation systems in different domains. Then we design novel reputation management approaches for Citizen Science projects to categorise participants and data. We have investigated some critical elements which may influence data reliability in Citizen Science projects. These elements include personal information such as location and education and performance information such as the ability to recognise certain bird calls. The designed reputation framework is evaluated by a series of experiments involving many participants for collecting and interpreting data, in particular, environmental acoustic data. Our research in exploring the advantages of reputation management in Citizen Science (or crowdsourcing in general) will help increase awareness among organizations that are unacquainted with its potential benefits.

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32

Gillespie, Al. "International environmental ethics : value and method in international environmental law and policy." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361026.

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33

Exter, Kristin den. "Integrating environmental science and management the role of system dynamics modelling /." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://thesis.scu.edu.au/adt-NSCU/public/adt-NSCU20041214.143956/.

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34

Minning, Logan S. "Creating and Implementing an Environmental Education Curriculum for an Upper Level Science Course." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1114602641.

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35

Gutner, Tamar L. "Banking on the environment : multilateral development banks and environmental policymaking in Central and Eastern Europe." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28207.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 1999.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 298-312).
The dissertation is a comparative study of three multilateral development banks (MDBs)-the World Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), and European Investment Bank (EIB)-and their struggles to operationalize and implement relatively new environmental mandates. MDBs are increasingly being relied upon to address environmental issues in their activities, while at the same time facing criticism for allegedly promoting serious environmental degradation in borrowing countries. The dissertation focuses on the activities of these banks in Central and Eastern Europe, where the fall of the Iron Curtain revealed the most polluted countries in Europe, and where these MDBs are among the top donors. There is significant variation in the degree to which these MDBs have incorporated environmental goals into their work. The World Bank has played an important role in providing policy support for environmental reform in the region, while financing the largest scope of "green" projects of the three banks. The EIB has responded to its environmental goals in minimal ways, and the EBRD has an intermediate position between the other two. I argue that external pressure from major shareholder countries, usually supported or pushed by NGOs, is a key factor determining the depth of an MDB's commitment to new mandates, such as the environment. However, shareholder commitment is a necessary but not sufficient condition in explaining the banks' environmental behavior. Governance structures for all three banks are diffuse, and, as a result, institutional design and incentive systems play critical roles in how environmental objectives are translated into activities. In all three cases, the banks' internal incentive systems are poorly aligned with their environmental goals, and even where institutional variables are structured to promote greater awareness of environmental issues within the banks, they do not always work as envisioned. Theoretically, the dissertation argues that different causal variables matter at different stages of the policy process. Neorealist approaches have the most explanatory power in accounting for how environmental ideas are brought to the MDBs, but are insufficient in explaining outcomes. Approaches drawn from institutionalist and organizational theories, in turn, provide guidance in analyzing the mechanisms by which environmental objectives are translated into practice. The argument calls for a better integration of international relations theories emphasizing the importance of shareholder politics with theories that focus on how institutional arrangements shape behavior.
by Tamar L. Gutner.
Ph.D.

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36

Pohl, Raimund R. "An evaluation of the learning outcomes in environmental science from a field-based water quality environmental unit." Curtin University of Technology, Science and Mathematics Education Centre, 1999. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=9584.

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This thesis validates the Science Laboratory Environment Inventory for the first time in a field based environmental setting using a water quality-monitoring program within a girls' high school and compares the cognitive achievement of students in the water quality-monitoring school with those in non-water quality-monitoring schools. The psychosocial learning dimensions of the water quality-monitoring program are assessed using a modified form of the Science Laboratory Environment Inventory.The results indicate that students involved in the water quality-monitoring school were more homogenous and ranked higher in their cognitive achievement and transferability of concepts than students in the non-water quality-monitoring schools. Pre and post testing together with anecdotal information affirmed that there was a direct association between the quantitative results and qualitative information in relation to the learning dimension scales of the Science Laboratory Environment Inventory.Comparisons were made between similar water environmental programs in different countries and the water quality-monitoring school program results. The use of skills and constructivist techniques indicates that the water quality-monitoring program together with real life problem solving work is an effective method for improving science learning.

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37

Boaz, Lindsey Ellen. "Meeting the Personal Environment: Exploring Environmental Sensitivity of Appalachian College Students." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1590752066473921.

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38

Figus, Elizabeth Carroll. "Using Local Knowledge to Inform Commercial Fisheries Science and Management in Poland and Alaska." Thesis, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10747800.

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Science and decision making in commercial fisheries management take place in the context of uncertainty. This research demonstrates ways that local knowledge held by fishermen can be used to mitigate that uncertainty. This dissertation documents local knowledge of fishermen in Poland and Alaska, and contributes to the development of methods for utilizing that local knowledge in commercial fisheries management. Specific case study examples were developed through exploratory interviews with fishermen in the two study regions. Interviews were conducted with Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) fishermen in Poland and Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) fishermen in Alaska. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to analyze local knowledge about ecosystems, as well as preferences held by fishermen about regulations. Cultural consensus analysis was used to quantify agreement among fishermen in Poland about the abundance and condition of cod, and generalized additive modeling was used to show how fishermen and scientists attributed different causes to similar observed phenomena. Multiple factor analysis and logistic regression were used to demonstrate how fishing characteristics influence encounters with incidental catch in the commercial fishery for halibut in Southeast Alaska. Finally, an analytic hierarchy process model was used to shed light on preferences halibut fishermen have about data collection methods on their vessels. All findings show how the inclusion of fishermen’s local knowledge in fisheries management need not be limited to informal conversations or public testimony at meetings in order to be meaningfully interpretable by managers.

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39

Wang, Naiming. "Modelling Phosphorus Retention in Freshwater Wetlands." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1382617535.

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40

Hanna, Bridget Corbett. "Toxic Relief: Science, Uncertainty, and Medicine after Bhopal." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11346.

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This dissertation is a study of science and medicine after the gas disaster in1984 in Bhopal, India. It looks at the discourses, debates, suspicions, and entangled events that have shaped the narratives of causality following the catastrophe, and the ways that ideas about relief, treatment, and illness have been constructed by experts, lay activists, and survivors. In it I address the issues of suspicion, research, and power by looking at the "cyanide controversy" in the early years after the disaster, and at the ways that the consequences of uncertainty affect patients and doctors within the hospital system designed to provide "gas relief" in the aftermath. I also describe the range of ways gas survivors have categorized and produced as subjects and citizens through an analysis of epidemiological, legal, and political discussions. I take on the history of medical research after the event, and show how a vast corpus of scientific work has remained dispersed and underutilized, leaving room for sometimes-dangerous narratives of certain illness or death. Finally, I look at the consequences of this indeterminacy for care and healing. I assess access to treatments, the diversity of medical care, the undermining of the status of the gas exposed, and the ways that detoxification has been approached through notions of dosage, potency, and traditional medicine. I produce a sociology of knowledge about the catastrophe and contribute to literatures on the problem of epistemic uncertainty and risk after disasters, the production of medicalized subjects, and the politicization of knowledge. I argue that interventions that have tried to encompass the disaster within a unitary framework have been persistently inadequate, and illustrate how attempts to reduce or subsume the consequences of the disaster - through recourse to scientific indeterminacy, under reductionist legal mechanisms, by imprecise categorization schema, within flawed research methodologies, and among hollow medical infrastructures - have not only failed to meaningfully represent it but also resulted in predictable forms of reductionist violence and social suffering, through obfuscation as often as through action.
Anthropology

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41

Netherwood, Alan Mark. "Environmental reviews and environmental management systems : methodologies and organisational impacts." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 1996. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/21915/.

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This thesis considers the methodologies and organisational impacts of Environmental Reviews and Environmental Management Systems in Local Authorities, Universities and Conservation organisations. It assesses the practical impacts of these tools, identifies elements of good practice and discusses the organisational and political factors which affect the success of environmental management activity in these organisations. Chapter 1 describes the growth of global, European and national policy initiatives aimed at minimising environmental degradation and delivering sustainable development and the subsequent development of environmental strategies and environmental management tools in organisations. Chapter 2 discusses environmental management activity in Local Government in the context of Local Agenda 21, using the results of a survey of environmental management techniques in local authorities and a case study of Lancashire County Council. These findings are discussed in the context of changes to local government organisation in the UK and in relation to local government management theory. Chapter 3 considers environmental management activity in Universities in the context of institutional performance using the results of a survey of approaches to environmental management in Universities and a case study of environmental management in the University of Central Lancashire. These findings are then considered in relation to changes in the orgamsation of the Higher Education Sector in the UK and in the context of university management theory. Chapter 4 considers the use of environmental management techniques in the Conservation sector in the context of Local Agenda 21, using a survey of conservation organisations and a case study of The National Trust's environmental management strategy. These findings are then discussed with regard to changes occurring in the management and funding of NGOs and quangos in the UK. Based upon the research findings, a number of recommendations are made for successful organisational environmental management strategies and the long term application of these techniques within each of these sectors. These findings are then drawn together in Chapter 5 to identify common methodological, organisational and political factors which affect the success of organisational environmental management strategies and to discuss their potential contribution to sustainable development. An alternative approach to TQM based environmental management is offered for organisations, based upon the elements of good practice identified in the non-profit sector, which include conscensus building, wide participation, and democratic decision making. Within the organisation, this approach closely resembles the Local Agenda 21 process used by local government to consult and empower local communities in sustainable development.

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42

Rabbat, Ralph R. 1978. "Technology enabled science teaching : software framework for electromagnetism." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84808.

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43

Johnson, Thomas. "Extending environmental governance : China's environmental state and civil society." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/737/.

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This thesis is a study of environmental governance reform in China. It investigates how new governance policies and arrangements are being introduced in order to overcome problems associated with China’s sizable environmental protection ‘implementation deficit’. Using an analytical framework based on ‘good governance’ criteria of accountability, transparency, participation, and rule of law, it focuses on developments within China’s environmental state, which includes state agencies and their policies, and civil society, incorporating environmental protection NGOs, citizen activists, and the media. Based on in-depth, qualitative research, this thesis examines several aspects of environmental governance reform in China: attempts to make local officials pay greater attention to environmental issues, formal public participation legislation and mechanisms, information disclosure, and ‘private interest’ activism. This thesis identifies interactions between the environmental state and civil society as vital in establishing new, more participatory governance processes. Through acting as ‘policy pioneers’, environmental activists can consolidate governance reforms emanating from the environmental state, and promote new governance norms. At the same time, however, this thesis identifies significant obstacles to the establishment of a more inclusive ‘governance’ approach to environmental protection in China that goes beyond Party-state institutions and actors. For this reason, it challenges the argument that China’s system of environmental governance is likely to converge any further with those observed in western liberal democracies.

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44

Evensvold, Cristy Maria. "SHAW ENVIRONMENTAL AND INFRASTRUCTURE INTERNSHIP." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1302891312.

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45

Kahyaoglu, Elvan. "An Assessment Of Environmental Literacy Of Turkish Science And Technology Teachers." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613125/index.pdf.

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The interest on environmental education increases with the increasing environmental problems of today&rsquo
s worlds. This thesis has been conducted as a country wide study to investigate levels, components and predictors of environmental literacy of primary school science and technology teachers, since teachers are the fundamental actors of environmental education. The study is comprised of environmental literacy level determination as well as the investigation of the relationships between the components of environmental literacy and the factors (environmental interest, importance of environmental problems, self assessment on environmental knowledge, outdoor activity choices, age, income, gender, experience, importance perception of environmental education, education level, residential difference, environmental knowledge source, and having an environmental related course) affecting environmental literacy. The sample of the study was selected from 34 provinces of 12 subregions of Turkey. A total of 1182 science and technology teachers answered the Environment Literacy Questionnaire including four components (knowledge, attitude, use, and concern) of environmental literacy. Besides descriptive analysis, zero order correlation, MANOVA, and Canonical correlation analyses were conducted to obtain the results. Descriptive analysis revealed that 77 % of the science and technology teachers have adequate level of environmental knowledge, have positive attitudes, high degrees of responsibility and concern toward environment. Further analyses indicated that all environmental literacy components correlated with each others with different correlation strengths. Moreover environmental interest, importance of environmental problems, self assessment on environmental knowledge, outdoor activity choices, age, income, gender, experience, importance perception of environmental education are found to have significant effects on environmental literacy of the participants but no significant effect was observed for education level, residential difference, environmental knowledge source, and having an environmental related course on environmental literacy.

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46

Ågerstrand, Marlene. "From Science to Policy : Improving environmental risk assessment andmanagement of chemicals." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Filosofi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-105225.

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A complex process like risk assessment and the subsequent risk management decision makingshould be regularly evaluated, in order to assess the need to improve its workings. In this thesisthree related matters are addressed: evaluation of environmental risk management strategies,evaluation of environmental risk assessments, and how ecotoxicity data from the open scientificliterature can be used in a systematic way in regulatory risk assessments. It has resulted in thefollowing: a publically available database with ecotoxicity data for pharmaceuticals (Paper I); anevaluation and review of the Swedish Environmental Classification and Information System forpharmaceuticals (Papers II and III); a comparison of current reliability evaluation methods and areliability evaluation of ecotoxicity data (Paper IV); and an improved reliability and relevancereporting and evaluation scheme (Paper V).There are three overall conclusions from this thesis:(1) Ecotoxicity data from the open scientific literature is not used to the extent it could be inregulatory risk assessment of chemicals. Major reasons for this are that regulators prefer standarddata and that research studies in the open scientific literature can be reported in a way that affectstheir reliability and the user-friendliness. To enable the use of available data more efficiently actionsmust be taken by researchers, editors, and regulators. A more structured reliability and relevanceevaluation is needed to reach the goal of transparent, robust and predictable risk assessments.(2) A risk assessment is the result of the selected data and the selected methods used in theprocess. Therefore a transparent procedure, with clear justifications of choices made, is necessaryto enable external review. The risk assessments conducted within the Swedish EnvironmentalClassification and Information System for pharmaceuticals vary in their transparency and choice ofmethod. This could come to affect the credibility of the system since risk assessments are notalways consistent and guidelines are not always followed.(3) The Swedish Environmental Classification and Information System for pharmaceuticalscontribute, in its current form, to data availability and transparency but not to risk reduction. Thesystem has contributed to the general discussion about pharmaceuticals’ effect on the environmentand made data publicly available. However, to be an effective risk reduction tool this is not sufficient.

QC 20121119

MistraPharma
Formas - Evaluation of the Swedish Environmental Classification and Information System for Pharmaceutcals.

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47

Deutsh, Shoshana. "No science, no democracy : environmental knowledge and scientific activism in Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/55116.

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“No Science, No Evidence, No Truth, No Democracy”: this phrase has appeared on signs and has been chanted at protests across Canada since the “Death of Evidence” protests in 2012. It marked the emergence of a number of pro-science organizations that have sought to protect the role of science in Canada’s democracy in the face of substantial changes to science governance in Canada. Arguing against funding cuts to environmental research and libraries, much of the protest has been centred on the emergence of a “wilful ignorance” or “war on science” in Canada. This thesis takes these pro-science activists seriously as part of an emerging social movement working towards changing how federal science is governed and how politics influences its governance. By tracking their modes of resistance, this thesis aims to understand how federal scientists conceive of their role and that of science in democratic governance since the sweeping changes of Bill C-38 and affiliated policies which have been accused of gutting environmental protections and blocking environmental knowledge. I argue that these changes reflect an institutional power shift and have generated a tension between different models of scientific practice within federal institutions. Differing conceptions of scientists as public servants have fuelled the protests, which have focused in particular on the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA), a freshwater institute in Kenora, Ontario, a freshwater research station previously managed by Fisheries and Oceans Canada and now by the International Institute for Sustainable Development. Using the ELA as my case study, I analyze how different conceptions of politics and governance have been articulated using discourse analysis as my primary method of study. Adding to current Science & Technology Studies (STS) discussions on the tension between expertise and democratic decision-making, I question the role of federal governance and perceptions of political interference in producing environmental knowledge.
Arts, Faculty of
Graduate

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48

Hallett, Stephen Henry. "The development and application of spatial information systems for environmental science." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1998. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/11353.

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This thesis shows how advances in IT allow the development of Environmental Information System (EIS) applications contributing to the advancement of environmental science and management. The research presented elucidates and evaluates the applications for EIS within the environmental and natural resource sciences with specific reference to soils. In supporting environmental suitability and risk assessment, the following research objectives were met: 1. Derive and construct new datasets, facilitating the development of EIS applications 2. Using these and other datasets, develop and demonstrate the validity of specific spatial EIS applications within the context of sustainable soil resource management 3. Evaluate, develop and apply emergent technological principles such as the objectoriented paradigm to the development of such EIS applications The research shows that the EIS approach offers environmental researchers and practitioners powerful tools to facilitate the collection and preparation, representation, structure and management, manipulation and presentation of environmental data. Such data can be used to aid disciplinary and interdisciplinary scientific research, such as risk modelling, data quality control and longitudinal studies. Through the interaction of multi-disciplinary datasets and models, the EIS contributes to the development of a holistic, interdisciplinary understanding of pertinent and contemporary environmental issues. EIS applications are constrained by the availability and affordability of technology, as well as by the quality of the data, models and scientific research they are based upon. With the constantly improving capabilities and cost-performance of IT there should be a continual review of methodologies to maximise usage of available technology. A well-developed synergy between environmental science and IT is important and automatic adoption of the most recently emergent information technologies is not always to be recommended for EIS development. The choice of software tools utilised in EIS development must be based upon the requirements for integration with existing systems, reliability, adherence to industry standards, expenditure, staff training needs, experimentation and efficiency. The incorporation of a spatial element within the decision-making process extends a powerful visual dimension to the traditional approaches used to portray environmental systems. The research identifies the emergent 'object paradigm' as significant for EIS development, being effective for describing complex spatial environmental phenomena. An object-oriented approach facilitates the presentation of abstracted, packaged scientific information in a directly accessible form. The EIS offers a powerful strategic tool for supporting decision-making in environmental management. The EIS applications presented supported Soil Quality and Protection, Pollution Control and Impact Assessment, Water Resource and Catchment Management, Soil and Land Management and Environmental Risk Assessment.

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49

Bornn, Luke. "Modeling latent correlation structures with application to agricultural and environmental science." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42834.

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In this thesis, we explore the issue of latent correlation structure in spatial and other correlated systems. Firstly, we propose a class of prior distributions on decomposable graphs, allowing for improved modeling flexibility. While existing methods solely penalize the number of edges, the proposed work empowers practitioners to control clustering, level of separation, and other features of the graph. Emphasis is placed on a particular prior distribution which derives its motivation from the class of product partition models; the properties of this prior relative to existing priors is examined through theory and simulation. We then demonstrate the use of graphical models in the field of agriculture, showing how the proposed prior distribution alleviates the inflexibility of previous approaches in properly modeling the interactions between the yield of different crop varieties. Secondly, we describe how spatial dependence can be incorporated into statistical models for crop yield along with the dangers of ignoring it. In particular, approaches that ignore this dependence suffer in their ability to capture (and predict) the underlying phenomena. Prior distributions are developed to accommodate the spatial non-stationarity arising from distinct between-region differences in agricultural policy and practice. As a result, the model developed has improved prediction performance relative to existing models, and allows for straightforward interpretation of climatic effects on the model's output. Lastly, we propose a novel approach to modeling nonstationary spatial fields. The proposed method works by expanding the geographic plane over which these processes evolve into higher dimensional spaces, transforming and clarifying complex patterns in the physical plane. By combining aspects of multi-dimensional scaling, group lasso, and latent variable models, a dimensionally sparse projection is found in which the originally nonstationary field exhibits stationarity. Following a comparison with existing methods in a simulated environment, dimension expansion is studied on a classic test-bed data set historically used to study nonstationary models. Following this, we explore the use of dimension expansion in modeling air pollution in the United Kingdom, a process known to be strongly influenced by rural/urban effects, amongst others, which gives rise to a nonstationary field.

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50

Arai, Shigeo, Shunsuke Muto, Takayoshi Tanji, Katuhiro Sasaki, Yahachi Saito, Michiko Kusunoki, Jiro Usukura, and Nobuo Tanaka. "Development of an environmental high-voltage electron microscope for reaction science." Oxford University Press, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20833.

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Дисертації з теми "Environmental Science"

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