Статті в журналах: "Environmental sample analysis"

1

Lopez-Avila, Viorica. "Sample Preparation for Environmental Analysis." Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 29, no. 3 (September 1999): 195–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408349891199392.

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2

Ramos, L., J. J. Ramos, and U. A. Th Brinkman. "Miniaturization in sample treatment for environmental analysis." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 381, no. 1 (December 16, 2004): 119–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-004-2906-5.

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3

Krull, Ira S. "Sample preparation for biomedical and environmental analysis." Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 663, no. 2 (January 1995): 406–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4347(95)90185-x.

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4

Namieśnik, Jacek, and Waldemar Wardencki. "Solventless Sample Preparation Techniques in Environmental Analysis." Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4168(20000401)23:4<297::aid-jhrc297>3.0.co;2-j.

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5

Morales-Muñoz, S., J. L. Luque-García, and M. D. Luque de Castro. "Approaches for Accelerating Sample Preparation in Environmental Analysis." Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 33, no. 4 (October 2003): 391–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10643380390244986.

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6

Plastiras, Orfeas-Evangelos, Eleni Deliyanni, and Victoria Samanidou. "Applications of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials in Environmental Analysis." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (March 29, 2021): 3028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073028.

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Sample preparation is an essential and preliminary procedure of most chemical analyses. Due to the sample diversity, the selection of appropriate adsorbents for the effective preparation and separation of different samples turned out to be important for the methods. By exploiting the rapid development of material science, some novel adsorption materials, especially graphene-based nanomaterials, have shown supremacy in sample pretreatment. In this review, a discussion between these nanomaterials will be made, as well as some basic information about their synthesis. The focus will be on the different environmental applications that use these materials.

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7

Haraguchi, Hiroki, and Kin-ich Tsunoda. "Application of plasma emission spectrometry to environmental sample analysis." Japan journal of water pollution research 8, no. 12 (1985): 766–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2965/jswe1978.8.766.

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8

Armenta, C. E., E. R. Gonzáles, J. A. Herrera, Alexander A. Plionis, and D. S. Peterson. "Rapid environmental analysis using molten salt fusion sample preparation." Proceedings in Radiochemistry 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2011): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/rcpr.2011.0038.

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Abstract For the analysis of the isotopic composition of environmental samples, including transuranic materials there are many methods that exist. This paper describes the development of a high throughput method, which involves dissolving a soil into an aqueous matrix, producing a homogenous mixture, and separating radionuclides to enable the identification of specific isotopes. A standard method was modified via changes in oxidation, chemical exchange, decomposition, or rearrangements to form constituents that are more soluble in acidic aqueous solutions. To accomplish this, a molten-salt fusion, dissolution in dilutes nitric or hydrochloric acids, with subsequent separation using ion exchange, direct deposition, and counting by alpha-spectrometry was used. This method is ideal for silicate samples, but can be modified to accommodate more complex soil samples.

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9

Ribeiro, Cláudia, Ana Rita Ribeiro, Alexandra S. Maia, Virgínia M. F. Gonçalves, and Maria Elizabeth Tiritan. "New Trends in Sample Preparation Techniques for Environmental Analysis." Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 44, no. 2 (January 8, 2014): 142–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2013.833850.

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10

Sabzian, M., M. N. Nasrabadi, and M. Haji-Hosseini. "Extraction and quantification system for environmental radioxenon sample analysis." Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 182 (February 2018): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.11.035.

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11

Wardencki, Waldemar, Janusz Curyło, and Jacek Namieśnik. "Trends in solventless sample preparation techniques for environmental analysis." Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods 70, no. 2 (March 2007): 275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbbm.2006.07.004.

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12

Rhoades, Charles B., Keith E. Levine, Arthur Salido, and Bradley T. Jones. "Elemental Analysis Using Microwave Digestion and an Environmental Evaporation Chamber." Applied Spectroscopy 52, no. 2 (February 1998): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702981943491.

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A major concern in laboratories performing trace element determinations is sample contamination. Sensitivity can be enhanced for trace elements by using larger samples, but this approach may increase the risk of contamination due to the need for more involved preparation techniques. With the isolation of the sample from the laboratory environment, the potential for contamination is greatly reduced during sample decomposition. In this investigation, an environmental evaporation chamber (EEC) placed in a microwave digestion system was used for predigestion of biological and botanical samples prior to closed-vessel digestion. The EEC was also used for the evaporation of residual acid after completion of the digestion procedure. Data are presented for the analysis of standard reference materials along with detection limits and the results of a cross-contamination study for the described method. Index Headings: Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry; Biological samples; Botanical samples; Environmental evaporation chamber; Microwave digestion.

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13

MAENHAUT, WILLY. "TRACE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES BY NUCLEAR ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES." International Journal of PIXE 02, no. 04 (January 1992): 609–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083592000658.

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The recent methodological developments and particularly the recent applications of nuclear analytical techniques (mainly PIXE and INAA) for measuring minor and trace elements in various types of environmental samples are reviewed. The sample types covered range from atmospheric aerosols over miscellaneous air topics (e.g., emissions, wet and dry deposition) to various solid environmental materials and samples from the aqueous environment. A fairly comprehensive overview is given of the research on atmospheric aerosols. For the other sample types, the trends in the research are indicated and selected examples of applications are presented. It is shown that the nuclear analytical techniques are very valuable for the multielement analysis of solid environmental samples. Furthermore, PIXE is particularly suitable for analyzing atmospheric aerosol samples.

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14

Hams, G. A., and J. K. Fabri. "An analysis for blood manganese used to assess environmental exposure." Clinical Chemistry 34, no. 6 (June 1, 1988): 1121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/34.6.1121.

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Abstract In this graphite-furnace atomic-absorption spectrometric method for measuring manganese in whole blood, we use a pyrolytic platform to minimize interference by sample matrix. For optimal sample ashing we denature the sample within the furnace with nitric acid and use oxygen as the purge gas at low temperatures. The mean manganese concentration found in blood from 15 unexposed city dwellers was 215 (2 SD 135) nmol/L. By comparison, the range of manganese concentrations in blood sampled from a group of Australian aborigines living near a surface manganese ore deposit on Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, was much higher (median 405 nmol/L, range 175 to 990 nmol/L).

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15

Hennion, M. C. "Sample handling strategies for the analysis of non-volatile organic compounds from environmental water samples." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 10, no. 10 (November 1991): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-9936(91)87007-s.

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16

Heikkinen, Maire S. A., Susan Marie Viet, and Michael Dellarco. "Considerations for environmental sample storage, laboratory analysis, and results reporting." ISEE Conference Abstracts 2013, no. 1 (September 19, 2013): 5387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/isee.2013.p-2-13-07.

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17

Greene, E. Anne, and Gerrit Voordouw. "Analysis of environmental microbial communities by reverse sample genome probing." Journal of Microbiological Methods 53, no. 2 (May 2003): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7012(03)00024-1.

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18

Blackwood, Larry G. "Analyzing censored environmental data using survival analysis: Single sample techniques." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 18, no. 1 (July 1991): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00394476.

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19

Badry, Alexander, Heinz Rüdel, Bernd Göckener, Maria-Christina Nika, Nikiforos Alygizakis, Georgios Gkotsis, Nikolaos S. Thomaidis, et al. "Making use of apex predator sample collections: an integrated workflow for quality assured sample processing, analysis and digital sample freezing of archived samples." Chemosphere 309 (December 2022): 136603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136603.

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20

Ingrisano, Dennis R.-S., Cecyle K. Perry, and Kairsten R. Jepson. "Environmental Noise." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 7, no. 1 (February 1998): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360.0701.91.

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The effects of environmental noise were estimated from automatic computer-assisted analyses of voice samples. Signals consisted of a live voice sample and a synthesized triangular waveform. Noise was generated from a personal computer fan. Six different A-weighted signal-to-noise [S/N(A)] conditions were created for the live voice and synthetic signal— 25, 20, 15, 10, 5, and 0 dB. Results revealed that automatic estimates were systematically affected by different S/N levels. As the noise floor increased, baseline estimates of jitter and shimmer also increased in value. Results are discussed with reference to safeguards and standards in voice recording and analysis.

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21

Davis, Jerrold I. "Genetic and environmental contributions to multivariate morphological pattern in Puccinellia (Poaceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 66, no. 12 (December 1, 1988): 2436–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b88-331.

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The contributions of genetic and environmental variation to multivariate patterns in morphology were investigated in a comparative analysis of two samples of plants representing the Puccinellia nuttalliana complex (Poaceae). The first sample is a series of individuals (genotypes) collected live, vegetatively divided, and grown under controlled environmental conditions. Phenotypic variation in this sample, in individual characters and in multivariate factors, can be apportioned between genetic (among genotype) and environmental (among treatment) causes. The second sample consists of field-collected individuals from throughout the North American range of the complex. Variation in this sample, as in most field-collected samples, cannot be assigned directly to its underlying causes. Multivariate patterns in the two samples were analyzed by identical principal-components analyses of 48 morphological characters. The strongest factor identified by the greenhouse principal-components analysis correlates with the strongest of the field principal-components analysis; they are similar in character makeup, both reflecting spikelet size and plant scabrousness. These factors have a genetic component and no environmental component and appear to differentiate Puccinellia distans from the rest of the complex. The second strongest factor of the greenhouse principal-components analysis correlates with the second of the field principal-components analysis. These axes reflect general vegetative stature; they have genetic and plastic components. The overall analysis indicates that multivariate patterns in phenotype can reflect both genetic and environmental effects, in varying proportions; patterns of genetic affinity therefore may be difficult to dissociate from those reflecting plasticity.

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22

Di, Siyuan, Tao Ning, Jing Yu, Pin Chen, Hao Yu, Jiahao Wang, Hucheng Yang, and Shukui Zhu. "Recent advances and applications of magnetic nanomaterials in environmental sample analysis." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 126 (May 2020): 115864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2020.115864.

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23

Marti´n-Esteban, A., P. Fernández, and C. Cámara. "Immunosorbents: A new tool for pesticide sample handling in environmental analysis." Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 357, no. 7 (March 27, 1997): 927–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050276.

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24

Martín-Esteban, A. "Recent molecularly imprinted polymer-based sample preparation techniques in environmental analysis." Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry 9 (January 2016): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.teac.2016.01.001.

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25

Segebade, Chr, H. W. Thümmel, and W. Heller. "Photon activation analysis of environmental water: Studies of direct sample irradiation." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles 167, no. 2 (January 1993): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02037196.

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26

Zhou, Zhi, Marie Noëlle Pons, Lutgarde Raskin, and Julie L. Zilles. "Automated Image Analysis for Quantitative Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization with Environmental Samples." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 9 (March 9, 2007): 2956–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02954-06.

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ABSTRACT When fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses are performed with complex environmental samples, difficulties related to the presence of microbial cell aggregates and nonuniform background fluorescence are often encountered. The objective of this study was to develop a robust and automated quantitative FISH method for complex environmental samples, such as manure and soil. The method and duration of sample dispersion were optimized to reduce the interference of cell aggregates. An automated image analysis program that detects cells from 4′,6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) micrographs and extracts the maximum and mean fluorescence intensities for each cell from corresponding FISH images was developed with the software Visilog. Intensity thresholds were not consistent even for duplicate analyses, so alternative ways of classifying signals were investigated. In the resulting method, the intensity data were divided into clusters using fuzzy c-means clustering, and the resulting clusters were classified as target (positive) or nontarget (negative). A manual quality control confirmed this classification. With this method, 50.4, 72.1, and 64.9% of the cells in two swine manure samples and one soil sample, respectively, were positive as determined with a 16S rRNA-targeted bacterial probe (S-D-Bact-0338-a-A-18). Manual counting resulted in corresponding values of 52.3, 70.6, and 61.5%, respectively. In two swine manure samples and one soil sample 21.6, 12.3, and 2.5% of the cells were positive with an archaeal probe (S-D-Arch-0915-a-A-20), respectively. Manual counting resulted in corresponding values of 22.4, 14.0, and 2.9%, respectively. This automated method should facilitate quantitative analysis of FISH images for a variety of complex environmental samples.

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27

Stevens, Don L., and Susan F. Jensen. "Sample design, execution, and analysis for wetland assessment." Wetlands 27, no. 3 (September 2007): 515–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[515:sdeaaf]2.0.co;2.

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28

Jang, Eun-Sung, and Jin-Seop Kim. "Radionuclides in Environmental Samples and Sample Concentration of Land in the Analysis in the Method of Direct." Journal of Environmental Science International 24, no. 3 (March 30, 2015): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5322/jesi.2015.24.3.275.

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29

Wasik, Andrzej, Agata Kot-Wasik, and Jacek Namiesnik. "New Trends in Sample Preparation Techniques for the Analysis of the Residues of Pharmaceuticals in Environmental Samples." Current Analytical Chemistry 12, no. 4 (July 1, 2016): 280–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411012666151009194833.

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30

Trippel, P., W. Maasfeld, and A. Kettrup. "Trace Enrichment and HPLC Analysis of Chlorophenols in Environmental Samples, Using Precolumn Sample Preconcentration and Electrochemical Detection." International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 23, no. 1-2 (November 1985): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03067318508076438.

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31

Jauković, Zorica D., Svetlana D. Grujić, Tatjana M. Vasiljević, Slobodan D. Petrović, and Mila D. Laušević. "Cardiovascular Drugs in Environmental Waters and Wastewaters: Method Optimization and Real Sample Analysis." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 97, no. 4 (July 1, 2014): 1167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.12-121.

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Abstract A sensitive method for determination of the eight most prescribed drugs used in combined cardiovascular therapy in Serbia was developed and optimized. The method was based on SPE followed by LC/ion trap-MS/MS with positive electrospray ionization. Parameters that affect the SPE were optimized, such as the eluent, sample pH, and sample volume. Good recoveries from groundwater (87.6–120.9%) as well as wastewater (84.5–106.6%) were achieved with this method, except in the case of atorvastatin (26.1 and 45.2%, respectively). The method was applied in the analysis of four river water samples collected in Serbia, as well as nine corresponding groundwater samples. Residues of the β-blockers metoprolol and bisoprolol as well as the anticoagulant clopidogrel were detected for the first time in river water. Groundwater samples did not contain drug residues. Influents and effluents of two wastewater treatment plants showed the predominant presence of metoprolol and enalapril. The removal rate of metoprolol was generally low, whereas enalapril was eliminated with the highest efficiency. Atorvastatin was detected in influents and completely removed in the treatment.

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32

Bogner, Franz X., and Michael Wiseman. "Toward Measuring Adolescent Environmental Perception." European Psychologist 4, no. 3 (September 1999): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//1016-9040.4.3.139.

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This study presents a scale developed to measure two dimensions of environmental perceptions—reactions towards preservation and towards utilizing nature and/or the environment—consisting of two and three subscales, respectively. The empirical part consists of a reanalysis of data from four national samples, now analyzed together as one sample. The results of the four subsamples (of some 4,500 secondary school pupils in total) have been published elsewhere as bilateral studies. The aim of the present analysis is to identify a scale that is valid for the entire European sample: By means of factor analyses and structural equation modeling 20 items were extracted. Two latent variables, “Utilization” and “Preservation,” were hypothesized and related in a causal fashion, whereby “Utilization” influences “Preservation.” By application of the methods of linear structural relationships, the proposed model yields a good fit to the data.

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33

Stamps, Arthur E. "Bootstrap Investigation of Respondent Sample Size for Environmental Preference." Perceptual and Motor Skills 75, no. 1 (August 1992): 220–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1992.75.1.220.

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Although environmental researchers use many different sizes of respondent samples, few environmental studies provide statistical rationales for selecting those sizes. This article utilizes bootstrap analysis to calculate split-block correlations of preferences of randomly selected respondents to a variety of environmental stimuli. Two analytic methods were used, raw score ratings and comparative choice. Analysis showed split-block correlations of .90 and higher could be achieved with 25 to 30 respondents with rating protocols and 10 to 15 respondents with comparative-choice protocols.

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34

Bynoe, Paulette, and William Hale. "An Analysis of Environmental Education Provision in a Sample of Caribbean National Environmental Action Plans (NEAPs)." Environmental Education Research 3, no. 1 (February 1997): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1350462970030105.

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35

Noto, Takuma, Hideki Tomita, Yosuke Sakai, Jun Kawarabayashi, Tatsuhiro Naka, Kunihiro Morishima, Toshiyuki Nakano, Mitsuhiro Nakamura, and Tetsuo Iguchi. "Alpha track analysis using nuclear emulsions as a preselecting method for safeguards environmental sample analysis." Radiation Measurements 71 (December 2014): 533–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2014.06.001.

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36

Zhang, Tong, and Hebert Han‐Ping Fang. "16S rDNA clone library screening of environmental sample using melting curve analysis." Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers 28, no. 7 (October 2005): 1153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02533839.2005.9671091.

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37

de Fátima Alpendurada, Maria. "Solid-phase microextraction: a promising technique for sample preparation in environmental analysis." Journal of Chromatography A 889, no. 1-2 (August 2000): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00453-2.

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38

Engelhardt, H., J. Zapp, and P. Kolla. "Sample preparation by supercritical fluid extraction in environmental food and polymer analysis." Chromatographia 32, no. 11-12 (December 1991): 527–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02327898.

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39

Saleh, Tawfik A. "Trends in the sample preparation and analysis of nanomaterials as environmental contaminants." Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry 28 (December 2020): e00101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.teac.2020.e00101.

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40

Shaukat, S. Shahid, Toqeer Ahmed Rao, and Moazzam A. Khan. "Impact of sample size on principal component analysis ordination of an environmental data set: effects on eigenstructure." Ekológia (Bratislava) 35, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 173–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eko-2016-0014.

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AbstractIn this study, we used bootstrap simulation of a real data set to investigate the impact of sample size (N = 20, 30, 40 and 50) on the eigenvalues and eigenvectors resulting from principal component analysis (PCA). For each sample size, 100 bootstrap samples were drawn from environmental data matrix pertaining to water quality variables (p = 22) of a small data set comprising of 55 samples (stations from where water samples were collected). Because in ecology and environmental sciences the data sets are invariably small owing to high cost of collection and analysis of samples, we restricted our study to relatively small sample sizes. We focused attention on comparison of first 6 eigenvectors and first 10 eigenvalues. Data sets were compared using agglomerative cluster analysis using Ward’s method that does not require any stringent distributional assumptions.

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41

Raksit, Asit. "Gas Chromatographic and Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Nitrilotriacetic Acid in Environmental Aqueous Samples." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 85, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/85.1.50.

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Abstract This study describes a fast and accurate method for the sample preparation, identification, and quantitation of nitrilotriacetic (NTA) acid in environmental aqueous samples at a concentration of ppb level. The method is sensitive, specific, and free from the interferences of fatty and amino acids. The tri-n-propyl- and tri-n-butyl-NTA acid esters were prepared by the reaction of n-propyl-HCl and n-butyl-HCl solutions and NTA acid, respectively. The derivatives were analyzed by a gas chromatograph equipped with a mass spectrometric detector. The method detection limit, 0.006 mg/L of each NTA ester, was determined and validated by an analysis of a fortified water sample. The overall recoveries were 103–115%, n = 8. The method was applied to a real sample and a 0.90 mg/L concentration of NTA acid was found. Mass fragmentation patterns of the derivatives are also reported.

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42

Reeber, Steven L., Sneha Gadi, Sung-Ben Huang, and Gary L. Glish. "Direct analysis of herbicides by paper spray ionization mass spectrometry." Analytical Methods 7, no. 23 (2015): 9808–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay02125a.

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43

Zuhara, Shifa, Snigdhendubala Pradhan, Mujaheed Pasha, and Gordon McKay. "Potential of GTL-Derived Biosolids for Water Treatment: Fractionization, Leachate, and Environmental Risk Analysis." Water 14, no. 24 (December 9, 2022): 4016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14244016.

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This study aims to understand the potential of using biosolids produced from the world’s largest gas-to-liquid (GTL) plant for water treatment applications. The metal fractionization of the two samples: raw biosolid (BS) and the pyrolyzed biosolid-BS char (BSC) (temperature: 450 °C, heating rate: 5 °C/min, residence time: 30 min) into exchangeables (F1), reducible (F2), oxidizable (F3), and residual (F4) were carried out following the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) procedure. Characterization showed an increased carbon content and reduced oxygen content in the biochar sample. Additionally, the presence of calcium, magnesium, and iron were detected in smaller quantities in both samples. Based on the extraction results for metals, the environmental risk analysis was determined based on RAC (Risk Assessment Code) and PERI (Potential Ecological Risk Index) indices. Furthermore, leaching studies following the TCLP (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure) were conducted. The results prove that pyrolyzing stabilizes the metals present in the raw material as BS sample had high F1 fractions, and the BS char had a greater F4 fraction. While the RAC and PERI indices show that the pyrolyzed BS has a ‘low risk’, much reduced compared to the original BS sample, this is confirmed by the leaching studies that displayed minimal leaching from the pyrolyzed sample. Overall, this study proves that the GTL biosolids can best be applied for water treatment after pyrolysis.

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44

Tadeo, José, Consuelo Sánchez-Brunete, Beatriz Albero, Ana García-Valcárcel, and Rosa Pérez. "Analysis of emerging organic contaminants in environmental solid samples." Open Chemistry 10, no. 3 (June 1, 2012): 480–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-011-0157-9.

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AbstractSpreading sewage sludge on agricultural lands has been actively promoted by national authorities as an economic way of recycling. However, as by-product of wastewater treatment, sewage sludge may contain toxic substances, which could be incorporated into agricultural products or be distributed in the environment. Moreover, sediments can be contaminated by the discharge of wastewater effluents into rivers. This article reviews the determination of emerging contaminants (surfactants, flame retardants, pharmaceuticals and personal care products) in environmental solid samples (sludge, soil and sediment). Sample preparation, including extraction and clean-up, as well as the subsequent instrumental determination of contaminants are discussed. Recent applications of extraction techniques, such as Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound assisted extraction, pressurised liquid extraction, microwave assisted extraction and matrix solid-phase dispersion to the analysis of emerging contaminants in environmental solid samples are reviewed. Determination of these contaminants, generally carried out by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled with different detectors, especially mass spectrometry for the identification and quantification of residues, is also summarised and discussed.

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Vargas-Sánchez, Alfonso, and Francisco Riquel-Ligero. "Golf Tourism, its institutional setting, and environmental management: a longitudinal analysis." European Journal of Tourism Research 9 (March 1, 2015): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v9i.164.

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The present article describes a longitudinal study made of the influence that the institutional setting, with respect to protection of the natural environment, has on the development of environmental management practices in the golf courses of Andalusia (Spain). In our study, a model of behaviour based on the precepts of the Institutional Theory has been tested, using the Partial Least Squares technique, at two different points in time; the empirical data used corresponds to the years 2007 and 2010. The sample was administered to managers or green-keepers of golf courses located in the above mentioned region, being that 28 of the 33 questionnaires of the 2010 sample were answered by those already sampled in 2007. It is observed that the environmental performance of these organizations is strongly conditioned by the laws, and that as both normative and mimetic practices settle, organizations under study develop environmental management policies seeking to improve their bottom line.

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Lavoie, Fernando Luiz, Clever Aparecido Valentin, Marcelo Kobelnik, Jefferson Lins da Silva, and Maria de Lurdes Lopes. "HDPE Geomembranes for Environmental Protection: Two Case Studies." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 20, 2020): 8682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208682.

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High-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembranes have been used for different applications in engineering including sanitation, such as landfills and waste liquid ponds. For these applications, the material can be exposed to aging mechanisms as thermal and chemical degradation, even to UV radiation and biological contact, which can degrade the geomembrane and decrease the material’s durability. This paper aims to present an experimental evaluation of two exhumed HDPE geomembranes, the first was used for 2.75 years in a sewage treatment aeration pond (LTE sample) and another was used for 5.17 years in a municipal landfill leachate pond (LCH sample). Physical and thermal analyses were used such as thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanic analysis (DMA). The thermogravimetric analyses showed significant changes in the LCH sample’s thermal decomposition probably caused by the interaction reactions between the polymer and the leachate. For the DSC analyses, the behavior seen in the LTE sample was not observed in the LCH sample. In the DMA analyses, the behavior of the LTE sample storage module shows which LCH sample is less brittle. The LTE sample presented low stress cracking resistance and low tensile elongation at break, following the DMA results.

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AlSuhaimi, Awadh O., and Tom McCreedy. "Microchip based sample treatment device interfaced with ICP-MS for the analysis of transition metals from environmental samples." Arabian Journal of Chemistry 4, no. 2 (April 2011): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.06.037.

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Korenaga, Takashi, Feng-Hua Shen, Hirofumi Yoshida, Teruo Takahashi, and Kent K. Stewart. "Study of sample dispersionin flow injection analysis." Analytica Chimica Acta 214 (1988): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(00)80433-x.

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Vink, Jaqueline M., Annemieke S. Staphorsius, and Dorret I. Boomsma. "A Genetic Analysis of Coffee Consumption in a Sample of Dutch Twins." Twin Research and Human Genetics 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2009): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.12.2.127.

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AbstractCaffeine is by far the most commonly used psychoactive substance. Caffeine is consumed regularly as an ingredient of coffee. Coffee consumption and coffee preference was explored in a sample of 4,495 twins (including 1,231 pairs) registered with the Netherlands Twin Registry. Twin resemblance was assessed by tetrachoric correlations and the influence of both genetic and environmental factors was explored with model fitting analysis in MX. Results showed moderate genetic influences (39%) on coffee consumption. The remaining variance was explained by shared environmental factors (21%) and unique environmental factors (40%). The variance in coffee preference (defined as the proportion of coffee consumption relative to the consumption of coffee and tea in total) was explained by genetic factors (62%) and unique environmental factors (38%).

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Vasilopoulou, T., F. Tzika, and I. E. Stamatelatos. "Collimated scanning for large sample neutron activation analysis of inhomogeneous samples." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 291, no. 2 (June 4, 2011): 479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-011-1204-x.

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