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1
Swamikannu, X., D. Radulescu, R. Young, and R. Allison. "A comparative analysis: storm water pollution policy in California, USA and Victoria, Australia." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 7-8 (April 1, 2003): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0704.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Urban drainage systems historically were developed on principles of hydraulic capacity for the transport of storm water to reduce the risk of flooding. However, with urbanization the percent of impervious surfaces increases dramatically resulting in increased flood volumes, peak discharge rates, velocities and duration, and a significant increase in pollutant loads. Storm water and urban runoff are the leading causes of the impairment of receiving waters and their beneficial uses in Australia and the United States today. Strict environmental and technology controls on wastewater treatment facilities and industry for more than three decades have ensured that these sources are less significant today as the cause of impairment of receiving waters. This paper compares the approach undertaken by the Environmental Protection Authority Victoria for the Melbourne metropolitan area with the approach implemented by the California Environmental Protection Agency for the Los Angeles area to control storm water pollution. Both these communities are largely similar in population size and the extent of urbanization. The authors present an analysis of the different approaches contrasting Australia with the USA, comment on their comparative success, and discuss the relevance of the two experiences for developed and developing nations in the context of environmental policy making to control storm water and urban runoff pollution.
2
de Silva Lokuwaduge, Chitra S. "Editorial Volume 16 Issue 2. March 2022." Australasian Business, Accounting and Finance Journal 16, no. 2 (2022): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v16i2.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This Special Issue is based on selected papers from the Environmental Social and Governance (ESG) and Sustainability Conference (2021). This is the second ESG conference held by Victoria University Business School (VUBS) and the Institute of Sustainable Industries and the Liveable Cities (ISILC) of Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
3
Jessup, Brad. "Trajectories of Environmental Justice: From Histories to Futures and the Victorian Environmental Justice Agenda." Victoria University Law and Justice Journal 7, no. 1 (June 11, 2018): 48–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15209/vulj.v7i1.1043.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Before the last state election, the current Victorian government promised from opposition to develop an Environmental Justice Plan if elected. It acknowledged international best practice as a benchmark for such a plan, though it did not recognise the legacy of environmental justice activism and scholarship locally. With the plan still in progress, this article considers the global histories and future directions of environmental justice and a literature-based framework for curating a Victorian plan. It breaks with the common understanding, including that held by government bureaucrats in Victoria, of environmental justice emerging from the United States in the 1980s. The article situates Victoria within that past, the current and future of the concept of environmental justice. Two notable recent legal events affirm the need for, and suggest the shape of, a Victorian environmental justice approach – the housing estate gas leak in outer suburban Melbourne and the Hazelwood coal mine fire in regional Victoria.
4
Hocking, Jane S., Jessika Willis, Sepehr Tabrizi, Christopher K. Fairley, Suzanne M. Garland, and Margaret Hellard. "A chlamydia prevalence survey of young women living in Melbourne, Victoria." Sexual Health 3, no. 4 (2006): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh06033.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: To estimate the population-based chlamydia prevalence among women aged 18 to 35 years living in Melbourne, Victoria, and to assess the feasibility of using mailed urine specimens to test women. Methods: A simple random sample of 11 001 households in Melbourne was selected from the telephone directory. Participants completed telephone interviews and provided urine specimens through the mail for chlamydia testing. Urines were tested using polymerase chain reaction. Results: 11 001 households were contacted, with 1532 households identified as including eligible women; telephone interviews were completed, with 979 women giving a response rate of 64%. Six hundred and fifty-seven women provided a urine specimen with a response rate of 43%. Among sexually active women aged 18–24 years, the chlamydia prevalence was 3.7% (95% CI: 1.2%, 8.4%) and 0.2% (95% CI: 0.0%, 1.1%) among 25–35 year olds. Chlamydia prevalence increased significantly with an increasing number of male sexual partners. Conclusions: This is the first study of its kind in Australia and shows that chlamydia prevalence increases with an increasing number of male sexual partners in the last 12 months. Mailed urine specimens are feasible for conducting population-based chlamydia-prevalence surveys but it is difficult to obtain high response rates with this methodology. Public health resources should now be directed towards investigating how to reach young women at increased risk of infection, ensuring that they are tested for chlamydia.
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Campbell, Lynda. "The Families First Pilot Program in Victoria: Cuckoo or contribution?" Children Australia 19, no. 2 (1994): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200003898.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Families First Pilot Program in the then Outer East metropolitan region of Melbourne began in mid-1991 as an intensive family preservation and reunification service for children on the verge of state care. The service offered was brief (4-6 week), intensive (up to 20 hours per week), home-based and flexible (24 hour a day, 7 day a week availability) and all members of the household or family were the focus of service even though the goals were clearly grounded in the protection of the child. This paper begins with some of the apprehension expressed both in the field and in Children Australia in 1993, and reports upon the now completed evaluation of the pilot, which covered the first 18 months of operation. The evaluation examined implementation and program development issues and considered the client population of the service against comparative data about those children at risk who were not included. The paper concludes that there is room for Families First in the Victorian system of protective and family services and points to several developmental issues.
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Lake, Marilyn. "The Chinese Empire Encounters the British Empire and Its “Colonial Dependencies”: Melbourne, 1887." Journal of Chinese Overseas 9, no. 2 (2013): 176–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341258.
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AbstractIn 1887 Qing Imperial Commissioners General Wong Yung Ho and U Tsing visited Melbourne as part of an investigative mission to enquire into the treatment of Chinese imperial subjects in Southeast Asia and the Australian colonies. In this article I suggest that the political ramifications of their visit should be understood in the context of the larger imperial and national contestations occurring in the colony of Victoria in the 1880s. White colonial assertions of the rights of self-government — argued in defiance of imperial power both British and Chinese — and Chinese appeals to international law were antagonistic, but mutually constitutive claims. The more Chinese community leaders and the Imperial Commissioners appealed to the primacy of international law, the more strident were white colonial invocations of a newly defined national interest couched in a republican discourse on national sovereignty defined as border protection.
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Cheng, I.-Hao, Jacquie McBride, Miriam Decker, Therese Watson, Hannah Jakubenko, and Alana Russo. "The Asylum Seeker Integrated Healthcare Pathway: a collaborative approach to improving access to primary health care in South Eastern Melbourne, Victoria, Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 25, no. 1 (2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py18028.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is important to address the health needs of asylum seekers within the early stages of their arrival in Australia, as this impacts all aspects of their resettlement. However, asylum seekers face a range of barriers to accessing timely and appropriate health care in the community. In 2012, the increasing number of asylum seekers in Australia placed additional demand on health and social services in high-settlement regions. Health providers experienced a substantial increase in Medicare ineligible clients and avoidable presentations to Emergency Departments, and the health needs of new asylum seeker arrivals were not being fully addressed. In response, South Eastern Melbourne Medicare Local, Monash Health, the Australian Red Cross and local settlement support agencies collaborated to develop an integrated healthcare pathway in South Eastern Melbourne to facilitate healthcare access for asylum seekers released from detention. From September 2012 to December 2014, a total of 951 asylum seekers transitioned through the pathway. Seventy-eight percent required primary healthcare assistance, and were provided with a service appointment within 3 weeks of their arrival in Melbourne. This initiative has demonstrated the value of partnership and collaboration when responding to emergent asylum seeker health needs.
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Aitken, Campbell, and Cheryl Delalande. "A Public Health Initiative for Steroid Users in Victoria." Australian Journal of Primary Health 8, no. 2 (2002): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py02022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Anabolic steroid injectors are at risk of infection with blood-borne viruses (BBVs), but have received little attention from researchers, practitioners or agencies working in public health. In recognition of this gap, in early 1996 the Steroid Peer Education Project (SPEP) began providing part-time mobile needle and syringe distribution and health information and referral services to steroid injectors in north-eastern Melbourne. Demand repeatedly caused the project to expand, and its sole peer worker now operates Victoria-wide, five days per week. Basic information on injecting practices collected from SPEP clients showed that many were at risk of BBV infection. This led to the initiation of a collaborative research project, in which SPEP clients were tested for BBV antibodies and provided detailed information about their risk behaviours. Of 29 steroid injectors tested between May and August 1999, three (10%) had antibodies to the hepatitis C virus, and they described behaviour which could spread the virus to other steroid users. These results show that blood-borne viruses are present in the Victorian steroid injecting community, and reinforce the SPEP's commitment to reducing harm in this group.
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Horne, PA. "Comparative Life Histories of 2 Species of Notonomus (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in Victoria." Australian Journal of Zoology 40, no. 2 (1992): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9920163.
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The distributions and life histories of two species of carabid beetles, Notonomus gravis and Notonomus philippi, are compared. N. gravis inhabits the western grassland plains of Victoria and N. philippi inhabits woodland in the Otway Ranges and areas east of Melbourne. Adults of both species show peak activity in summer after emergence, with larval development from autumn to spring. The development of N. philippi occurs approximately one month earlier than that of N. gravis. Both species readily accept larval Lepidoptera as food, are nocturnal and are the dominant carabids in their respective habitats. N. gravis has potential as a biological control agent, and the carabid communities may be used as environmental indicators.
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Ghanem, Ali, and Ruwini Edirisinghe. "The Disparity in Greenspace Quality Between Low and High SES Settings: A Case Study in Victoria." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1101, no. 5 (November 1, 2022): 052032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/5/052032.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The presence of greenspace, its profound impact and association with physical and mental health, biodiversity, and aesthetical pleasure has been delineated abundantly. Contrarily, there is a concerning disparity in the accessibility and proximity between affluent and deprived areas in urbanised localities. Existing literature prioritised distribution and proximity domains when assessing inequitable greenspace and consequently has catalysed a research gap in greenspace quality domains. This paper endeavours to fill this gap through a case study in Melbourne, Australia using a quantitative method to extract findings and policy analysis to generate recommendations. Socioeconomic data from deprivation indexes systematically defined low and high SES (socioeconomic status). A GIS (Geographical Information System) observation of greenspaces scored spaces according to a scoring criterion contingent on safety/security, environmental elements, accessibility, maintenance/cleanliness, facilities/amenities, and aesthetic facets. Statistics were then synthesised to produce a Cohen effect score highlighting disparities in each facet between the two contrasting SES groups. Findings affirmed an existent disparity between the high and low SES spaces and contributed to existing strands of literature surrounding unjust quality distribution. Ultimately, findings will serve as invaluable evidence regarding policy implications, current opportunities under the ‘Plan Melbourne’ policy, and the need to facilitate intervention in those underprivileged settings.
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Mival, Ken, Warren Pump, and Glenn Dixon. "From wasteland to green parkland, the remediation of the former West Melbourne Gasworks, Victoria, Australia." Land Contamination & Reclamation 14, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2462/09670513.766.
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Lennon, Jane, and Katie Davis. "Cultural landscape protection at Lake Victoria, a managed water supply." Landscape Research 45, no. 3 (June 11, 2019): 265–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2019.1626356.
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Barons, Katerina Penelope, Davina Mann, Liliana Orellana, Mia Miller, Simone Pettigrew, and Gary Sacks. "Nutrition-Related Information on Alcoholic Beverages in Victoria, Australia, 2021." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8 (April 11, 2022): 4609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084609.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Alcoholic beverages sold in Australia are largely exempt from requirements to display nutrition information on packages, unlike other food and beverages. However, alcoholic beverage manufacturers can provide nutrition-related information voluntarily. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of nutrition-related information on packaged alcoholic beverages in Australia. An in-store audit of the largest alcohol retailer in Melbourne, Australia was conducted in July 2021. A systematic sampling method was used to assess the presence and format of nutrition information on 850 alcoholic beverages across 5 alcohol categories (wine (n = 200), beer (n = 200), spirits (n = 200), ready-to-drink beverages (n = 140) and ciders (n = 110)). Most products (n = 682, 80.2%) did not present nutrition-related information. Where information was presented (n = 168), it was most frequently on ready-to-drink beverages (n = 81, 57.9%) and least frequently on spirits (n = 9, 4.5%) and wines (n = 9, 4.5%). Nutrition information was most frequently in the format of a nutrition information panel (n = 150, 89.3%) and approximately half of labelled beverages (n = 86, 51.2%) included a nutrition content claim (e.g., ‘low in carbs’). Given limited voluntary implementation of nutrition labelling on alcoholic beverages in Australia and the substantial contribution of alcoholic beverages to energy intake, consideration of mandatory nutrition labelling, in a standardised format designed to maximise public health benefit, on alcoholic beverages is warranted.
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Jones, CB, L. Day, and C. Staines. "TRACTOR RELATED FATALITIES FOLLOWING MANDATORY ROLLOVER PROTECTION STRUCTURE RETROFITTING IN VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA." Injury Prevention 18, Suppl 1 (October 2012): A49.2—A49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040580d.38.
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Metzeling, Leon, David Tiller, Peter Newall, Fiona Wells, and Julia Reed. "Biological Objectives for the Protection of Rivers and Streams in Victoria, Australia." Hydrobiologia 572, no. 1 (April 4, 2006): 287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-005-9005-2.
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McLean, M. A., V. J. Morand, and R. A. Cayley. "Gravity and magnetic modelling of crustal structure in central Victoria: what lies under the Melbourne Zone?" Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 57, no. 2 (March 2010): 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120090903416245.
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Connell, Sharon, John Fien, Helen Sykes, and David Yencken. "Young People and the Environment in Australia: Beliefs, Knowledge, Commitment and Educational Implications." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 14 (1998): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600001555.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThere is a paucity of research in Australia on the nature of young people's attitudes, knowledge and actions. This paper reports on the findings from one such study of Australian high school students. The research was based on a survey of 5688 students from Melbourne and Brisbane. These young people identified protection of the environment as the most important problem In Australia and strongly supported the belief systems characteristic of an ‘environmental paradigm’. Despite this, the majority displayed relatively low levels of knowledge of key environmental concepts, and were involved in little environmental action-taking outside of household activities. Differences are reported between: students from Melbourne and Brisbane; girls and boys; high performing and general schools; and teachers and students. The paper concludes with a discussion of some implications for environmental education in Australia.
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Marrone, J., C. K. Fairley, M. Saville, C. Bradshaw, F. J. Bowden, B. Donovan, and J. S. Hocking. "31. WHY HAS TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS DECLINED DRAMATICALLY AMONG VICTORIAN WOMEN (1947-2005)?" Sexual Health 4, no. 4 (2007): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/shv4n4ab31.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) diagnosis rates have decreased considerably in some countries during the last two decades. It is unclear why TV has decreased only in some countries. This study investigated the relationships between: 1) TV diagnosis rates among women attending the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre (MSHC), and among Pap smears screened by Victorian Cytology Services (VCS); 2) the use of nitroimidazoles in Australia and; 3) gonorrhoea notification data for Victoria to assess changes in sexual behaviour. TV diagnosis rates among women attending MSHC rose from under 5% in the 1940's, to 20% to 30% in the 1960's and then declined 5% to 10% during the 1970's. From 1980 onwards, TV diagnosis rates fell progressively to below 1% by 1991, with 0.1% in 2004. A similar pattern was seen in TV at VCS, but with lower absolute percentages. Metronidazole was introduced into Australia in 1961 and tinidazole in 1976 and by 1987 there were 400 000 nitroimidazole prescriptions per year. Pap smear screening in Victoria began in 1965, only including 20% of women per year (aged 15 to 69) by the mid 1980's. Post 1980's, screening rose until 2000, stabilising at 35% of women per year. Gonorrhoea notification rates peaked during times TV was experiencing its greatest falls. The initial decline of TV seen in Victoria was associated with the introduction of effective antibiotics. The further decline to less than 1% was seen when Pap smear screening participation increased during the 1990's.
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Maher, Michelle, and Emer Campbell. "Demonstrating environmental water needs in a climate of change." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 122, no. 2 (2010): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs10016.
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Efficient and accountable management of water resources in Northern Victoria has become a critical issue for the future of irrigation, communities and the environment, both north and south of the Great Dividing Range. To increase efficiencies and enhance accountability for water resource use, the Victorian Government is investing $1 billion through the Northern Victoria Irrigation Renewal Project (NVIRP) to upgrade ageing irrigation infrastructure across the Goulburn-Murray Irrigation District. The upgrade is expected to generate an additional 225 GL of water that will be distributed equally between irrigators, the environment and Melbourne. Whilst there are significant potential benefits for the environment as a whole from the water savings initiatives, there may also be adverse impacts from altering the hydrology of the diverse array of wetlands and rivers which are directly linked to the irrigation delivery network. The NVIRP Environmental Referrals process has investigated these potential impacts and identified ten wetlands and four rivers of high environmental value that require the development of environmental watering plans. These plans are the primary means by which the NVIRP commitment to ‘no net environmental loss’ will be achieved and assets of high environmental value will be protected. Three Environmental Watering Plans (EWPs) were completed prior to the operation of NVIRP works in the 2009-2010 irrigation season. These are for Johnson Swamp, Lake Elizabeth and Lake Murphy. The paper will describe the development of the Lake Elizabeth EWPs by the North Central Catchment Management Authority (NCCMA), within the context of uncertain climatic conditions, the recent long drought and the need to demonstrate accountability and efficiency in the use of a scarce and finite resource.
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Zhang, Hua, Bridget H.-H. Hsu-Hage, and Mark L. Wahlqvist. "Longitudinal changes in nutrient intakes in the Melbourne Chinese Cohort Study." Public Health Nutrition 5, no. 3 (June 2002): 433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2001259.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractObjective:To assess longitudinal changes in the consumption of nutrients and the impact of socio-economic factors on diet transition in the Melbourne Chinese Health Study (MCHS) cohort.Design:Longitudinal study including two phases: baseline (1989/90) and follow-up (1995/97).Settings:Melbourne metropolitan areas in Victoria, Australia.Study subjects and method:Two hundred and sixty-two Chinese men and women aged 25 years and over, recruited at baseline, who had completed the both baseline and follow-up food-frequency questionnaires.Results:Women increased their daily intakes of energy (+549 kJ), protein (+7.8 g), fat (+7.3 g) and dietary fibre (+5.6 g) whereas men decreased their daily consumption of carbohydrate (-38.5 g) over an average period of 8 years. Energy contributions from protein and fat rose while that from carbohydrate dropped for all cohort subjects. Increased intakes of riboflavin, β-carotene and iron were observed in men, while an increased consumption of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and minerals (except sodium) was observed in women. Socio-economic factors such as education, family income levels and occupational categories appeared to have a far more powerful influence on changes in individual daily nutrient intakes than age or length of stay in Australia. Changes in nutrient intake in women were less affected by sociodemographic variables.Conclusion:The observed changes in nutrient intakes indicated a progressive approach towards the Australian Recommended Dietary Intakes within this Chinese cohort population.
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Connor, M. A., and D. Reeve. "The Clean Technology Incentive Scheme of the State of Victoria, Australia." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 8 (April 1, 1994): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0377.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Over the past decade environment protection policies have placed increasing emphasis on waste minimisation and cleaner production techniques. The Environment Protection Authority in Victoria, Australia, has sought to encourage waste minimisation by establishing a Clean Technology Incentive Scheme. This Scheme makes available secured interest-free loans of up to $100,000 to selected small and medium-sized companies proposing to install proven yet innovative waste reducing technology. Applications are evaluated by a Review Committee drawn from a diversity of backgrounds. The technical feasibility, innovativeness, environmental benefits and financial soundness of proposals are assessed and a short-list of potential loan recipients prepared. The managerial competence and financial status of short-listed applicants is checked before loans are made. The Scheme was established in 1988 and since then 35 offers of loans have been made. Whilst the newness of the Scheme makes evaluation of its long-term effectiveness premature, results to date are encouraging. Case studies of three especially successful projects are presented.
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Kong, Fabian Y. S., Jane S. Hocking, Chris Kyle Link, Marcus Y. Chen, and Margaret E. Hellard. "Sex and sport: sexual risk behaviour in young people in rural and regional Victoria." Sexual Health 7, no. 2 (2010): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh09071.
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Background: To determine the prevalence of chlamydia and understand sexual risk behaviour in 16–29 year olds in rural Victoria through a chlamydia testing program undertaken at local sporting clubs. Methods: Young people were recruited from the Loddon Mallee region of Victoria, Australia between May and September 2007. After a night of sporting practice, participants provided a first pass urine sample and completed a brief questionnaire about sexual risk behaviour. Those positive for chlamydia were managed by telephone consultation with a practitioner from Melbourne Sexual Health Centre. Results: A total of 709 young people participated (77% male, 23% female) in the study; 77% were sexually active. Overall chlamydia prevalence in sexually active participants was 5.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.4–7.3); 7.4% in females (95% CI: 3.5–13.6) and 4.5% in males (95% CI: 2.7–6.9). Approximately 60% of males and 20% of females consumed alcohol at high ‘Risky Single Occasion Drinking’ levels at least weekly and 60% had used an illicit drug in their lifetime. Nearly 45% reported having sex in the past year when they usually wouldn’t have because they were too drunk or high. Sexually transmissible infection (STI) knowledge was generally poor and only 25% used a condom the last time they had sex. Conclusion: Chlamydia prevalence was high in our study population. Many participants had poor knowledge about STIs and low condom use. These findings combined with high levels of risky alcohol use and having sex while intoxicated highlights the need for programs in rural and regional Victoria that combine both STI testing and prevention and education programs.
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Campbell, Lachlan. "Wimmera River (Victoria, Australia) – Increasing Use of a Diminishing Resource." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0058.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Wimmera River is central western Victoria's most important river, rising in the Grampians National Park, filling storages that supply the major water supply to the vast Wimmera and Mallee regions. It passes through the Little Desert National Park, an area of significant scenic, recreation, historical and conservation value and terminates in Victoria's largest inland freshwater lakes (Lakes Hindmarsh and Albacutya). The brittleness of the whole closed Wimmera River system, and the over committal of the water resources was brought to the public's attention when appeals were lodged against the proposal to licence a discharge of high standard secondary effluent from an extended aeration oxidation ditch and lagoon treatment facility at Horsham. Residents, user and community groups, Municipal Councils and Government Departments, aware of the deterioration of the Wimmera River had somewhere to focus their attention. Victoria's and possibly Australia's longest environmental appeal, lasting twenty-five days, and a State Environment Protection Policy, determined that all major point sources of nutrients should be removed from the River. More resources for clearing of unwanted emergent weeds, more facilities for protection of Crown Land and catchments generally, and the implementation of environmental summer flows as piping of the Wimmera-Mallee Stock and Domestic System proceeds, are all required. A River Management Board with strength, wealth, good public relations and a dedication to the task could make the Wimmera River an example for all Australia and a tourist attraction of immense value to the region.
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Guy, Rebecca, Megan S. C. Lim, Yung-Hsuan J. Wang, Nicholas Medland, Jonathan Anderson, Norman Roth, and Margaret E. Hellard. "A new surveillance system for monitoring HIV infection in Victoria, Australia." Sexual Health 4, no. 3 (2007): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh07011.
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Objectives: To establish a new mechanism for monitoring patterns of HIV infection, in the context of a sustained increase in HIV diagnosis among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Victoria. Methods: Between April 2004 and August 2005, a linked voluntary HIV sentinel surveillance system was implemented at five medical clinics with a high case load of MSM. Using a questionnaire, doctors collected HIV testing history, demographic and sexual risk behaviour information from all clients undergoing voluntary HIV testing. Questionnaires were linked with HIV test results. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine factors associated with HIV infection. Results: Of 3435 MSM tested for HIV at participating sites, 1.7%, (95% CI = 1.2–2.2) were newly diagnosed with HIV; between 2004 and 2005 the proportion increased from 1.3% (95% CI = 1.2–1.5) to 2.0% (95% CI = 1.8–2.2), P = 0.107. There was no significant change in the number of HIV tests conducted per month or in demographic characteristics, testing history and sexual behaviour characteristics between time periods. In multivariate analysis, reporting unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) with any partner, UAI with a HIV-positive partner/s and being aged 30–39 years or 40 years or greater were significantly associated with HIV infection. Conclusion: This new surveillance mechanism, based on linked testing at participating clinics, indicates that the increase in HIV notifications in 2005 was unrelated to changes in testing and data from a Melbourne sexual behavioural survey suggests the increase was more likely to be attributed to increases in transmission within the past few years. The sentinel system highlighted UAI, especially with HIV positive partner/s are important transmission factors.
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Thomas, S. L., K. Lam, L. Piterman, A. Mijch, and P. A. Komesaroff. "Complementary medicine use among people living with HIV/AIDS in Victoria, Australia: practices, attitudes and perceptions." International Journal of STD & AIDS 18, no. 7 (July 1, 2007): 453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646207781147292.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is limited evidence suggesting the underlying reasons for the use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) by people with HIV/AIDS, or individual attitudes and beliefs about the use of CAMs. Using focus groups and a survey with 151 individuals attending the HIV Clinics at The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, we aimed to provide insights into factors that influence the use of CAMs among people living with HIV/AIDS. Roughly half (49%) of the participants had used CAMs to manage their HIV/AIDs. Users of CAMs utilized a wide range of treatments in managing their condition, but costs of the CAMs meant that users were not necessarily able to use them as much as they might have liked. Use of CAMs was based on a desire to find something beneficial rather than on being dissatisfied with conventional medicine. Further research is needed into (a) the effects of CAMs and (b) the enhancement of communication and collaboration between patients, doctors and complementary medicine practitioners.
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Hurlimann, A. C. "Urban versus regional – how public attitudes to recycled water differ in these contexts." Water Science and Technology 57, no. 6 (March 1, 2008): 891–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.167.
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This paper reports findings from a comparative study which investigated public attitudes to recycled water in two Australian locations both in the state of Victoria: the capital city, Melbourne, and Bendigo, an urban regional centre. Two commercial buildings were used as case studies, one at each location. These buildings will soon be using recycled water for non-potable uses. The study was facilitated by an on-line survey of future occupants of both buildings to gauge their attitudes to recycled water use. Specifically the paper reports on happiness/willingness to use recycled water for various uses and attitudinal factors which were found to influence this. The circumstances for potable water availability and recycled water use differ in Melbourne and Bendigo, making this study a significant contribution to understanding public acceptance of recycled water use in these different contexts. No significant difference in happiness to use recycled water was found between locations. However, prior experience (use) of recycled water was found to be a significant and positive factor in facilitating happiness/willingness to use recycled water, particularly for closer to personal contact uses such as showering and drinking. Various attitudinal and demographic variables were found to influence happiness to use recycled water. Results indicate it is not just the locational context of water availability that influences happiness to use recycled water, but a person's experience and particular perceptions that will facilitate greater willingness to use recycled water.
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Edokpolo, Benjamin, Nathalie Allaz-Barnett, Catherine Irwin, Jason Issa, Pete Curtis, Bronwyn Green, Ivan Hanigan, and Martine Dennekamp. "Developing a Conceptual Framework for Environmental Health Tracking in Victoria, Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 10 (May 17, 2019): 1748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101748.
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Victoria’s (Australia) Environment Protection Authority (EPA), the state’s environmental regulator, has recognized the need to develop an Environmental Health Tracking System (EHTS) to better understand environmental health relationships. To facilitate the process of developing an EHTS; a linkage-based conceptual framework was developed to link routinely collected environmental and health data to better understand environmental health relationships. This involved researching and drawing on knowledge from previous similar projects. While several conceptual frameworks have been used to organize data to support the development of an environmental health tracking system, Driving Force–Pressure–State–Exposure–Effect–Action (DPSEEA) was identified as the most broadly applied conceptual framework. Exposure and effects are two important components of DPSEEA, and currently, exposure data are not available for the EHTS. Therefore, DPSEEA was modified to the Driving Force–Pressure–Environmental Condition–Health Impact–Action (DPEHA) conceptual framework for the proposed Victorian EHTS as there is relevant data available for tracking. The potential application of DPEHA for environmental health tracking was demonstrated through case studies. DPEHA will be a useful tool to support the implementation of Victoria’s environmental health tracking system for providing timely and scientific evidence for EPA and other decision makers in developing and evaluating policies for protecting public health and the environment in Victoria.
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Crock, Elizabeth, and Judy-Ann Butwilowsky. "The HIV Resource Nurse Role at the Royal District Nursing Service (Melbourne): Making A Difference for People Living with HIV/AIDS in the Community." Australian Journal of Primary Health 12, no. 2 (2006): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py06026.
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The care of people living with HIV/AIDS in the home and community can be complex and challenging, requiring high levels of knowledge, skill, preparedness and, importantly, the ability to engage with people belonging to marginalised groups. In 2003, the Royal District Nursing Service (RDNS) HIV/AIDS Team in Victoria, Australia, developed the new role of HIV Resource Nurse at two RDNS centres in Melbourne serving high numbers of people living with HIV/AIDS. Drawing from two case studies and interviews with two HIV Resource Nurses from one of the centres, this paper describes this practice innovation. Benefits (including a positive impact on client engagement with services, client care, relationships with other health care workers and job satisfaction) are outlined, along with challenges in the implementation and evolution of the role. Strategies to sustain and develop the HIV Resource Nurse role are proposed.
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Phillips, D. I. "A new litter trap for urban drainage systems." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 2 (January 1, 1999): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0091.
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Litter is generated in shopping areas and is washed or blown into stormwater drainage systems. These convey the litter to open water bodies leading to the accumulation of non-biodegradable litter on the banks and beaches of urban waterways and bay foreshores. The increasing public awareness of the problem prompted the State Government of Victoria to provide funding to develop an innovative patented litter trap known as the In-line Litter Separator (ILLS). The ILLS is retrofitted to the drainage system downstream of shopping areas and removes litter and other pollutants from the passing stormwater. In a two-year development program, ten prototypes were installed and tested in the Melbourne and metropolitan area. The results were so successful that the ILLS is now manufactured in Australia and overseas under license from Swinburne University. This paper presents the performance criteria, the design concepts, the outcomes of laboratory and hydrologic modelling and the analyses of prototype test results that led to the commercial production of the ILLS.
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Salmon, Jo, Anna Timperio, Verity Cleland, and Alison Venn. "Trends in children's physical activity and weight status in high and low socio-economic status areas of Melbourne, Victoria, 1985-2001." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 29, no. 4 (August 2005): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.2005.tb00204.x.
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Smith, S. J. "ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW 2000." APPEA Journal 41, no. 2 (2001): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj00055.
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Last year the petroleum industry witnessed the enactment of new legislation both at Commonwealth and State levels. The principal legislative change to environmental management was the introduction of the Commonwealth Government’s Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Act, 2000 (EPBC Act). South Australia and Victoria also implemented new Petroleum Acts and/ or Regulations.Construction of the Eastern Gas Pipeline was also completed last year, whilst preliminary approvals and environmental assessment continues for the Papua New Guinea, Timor Sea and Tasmania Natural Gas pipelines. Offshore exploration continued, particularly in the North West Shelf, Otway Basin, Timor Sea and Bass Strait.Other critical areas of environmental management included greenhouse gases, national pollution inventory reporting and the increasing requirements for environmental approval and management under various state environmental legislation.This paper provides an overview of environmental developments in the petroleum industry during the year 2000, in particular, the implication of new legislation, new technology, e-commerce and a greater focus on environmental reporting.
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Walsh, Christopher J. "Biological indicators of stream health using macroinvertebrate assemblage composition: a comparison of sensitivity to an urban gradient." Marine and Freshwater Research 57, no. 1 (2006): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf05041.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Biological indicators are increasingly being used as integrative measures of ecosystem health in streams, particularly indicators using macroinvertebrate assemblage composition. Several indicators of this type have been advocated, including biotic indices based on taxa sensitivities, richness indices and ratios of observed to expected taxa from models predicting assemblage composition in streams with little human impact (O/E scores). The present study aimed to compare the sensitivity of indicators of each of these types (all used for legislated objectives for stream protection in Victoria, Australia) to a gradient of urban disturbance in 16 streams in a small area in eastern Melbourne. The biotic index SIGNAL and number of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera or Trichoptera families were the most sensitive indicators, whereas total number of families and O/E scores from Australian river assessment system (AUSRIVAS) models were least sensitive. Differences in sensitivity were not the result of sampling or taxonomic inadequacies. AUSRIVAS and similar models might be improved by using only predictor variables that are not affected by human impacts and by sounder approaches to model selection. Insensitivities of indicators and misclassification of sites by the Victorian objectives show that assessment of indicators against disturbance gradients is critical for setting management objectives based on biological indicators.
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Hall, Katrina, and Scott Chidgey. "Assessing the environmental impact of water discharge in a sensitive near-shore marine environment." APPEA Journal 53, no. 1 (2013): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj12026.
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Esso’s Long Island Point facility has been operating for more than 40 years beside Western Port in Victoria, and has discharged treated wastewater and storm water to the bay for most of these years. The 2001 State Environment Protection Policy Schedule F8 for Waters of Western Port is part of Victoria’s Environment Protection Authority’s (EPA) legal framework for licensing discharges to the waters of Victoria, and requires that discharges ‘cause no detrimental change in the environmental quality of the receiving waters, as determined by an environmental monitoring program’. As part of Esso’s ongoing commitment to continuous improvement, a major upgrade to the water treatment facility was completed to further improve the quality of waters discharged to Western Port. In conjunction with this upgrade, Esso is undertaking a study on the effects of the discharge on the environmental quality of Western Port. This peer-reviewed paper presents an example of the practical application of managing discharges to ensure that the stated environmental values of a receiving environment are protected. The environmental study focuses on four key aspects of marine-environment quality relevant to key Western Port ecosystem values in the vicinity of the facility’s effluent discharge, which are: ambient water quality; seagrass biomass; jetty pile epibiota; and, ecological risk through toxicity testing. The study demonstrates the implications of basing regulatory requirements on the quality of the site-specific environmental characteristics, rather than merely effluent quality and generalised water quality objectives. Furthermore, it validates the need for sound science to underpin regulatory limits and industry practices when operating in sensitive environments.
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Burns, Cate, Rebecca Bentley, Lukar Thornton, and Anne Kavanagh. "Reduced food access due to a lack of money, inability to lift and lack of access to a car for food shopping: a multilevel study in Melbourne, Victoria." Public Health Nutrition 14, no. 6 (February 22, 2011): 1017–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001000385x.
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AbstractObjectiveTo describe associations between demographic and individual and area-level socio-economic variables and restricted household food access due to lack of money, inability to lift groceries and lack of access to a car to do food shopping.DesignMultilevel study of three measures of restricted food access, i.e. running out of money to buy food, inability to lift groceries and lack of access to a car for food shopping. Multilevel logistic regression was conducted to examine the risk of each of these outcomes according to demographic and socio-economic variables.SettingRandom selection of households from fifty small areas in Melbourne, Australia, in 2003.SubjectsThe main food shoppers in each household (n 2564).ResultsA lack of money was significantly more likely among the young and in households with single adults. Difficultly lifting was more likely among the elderly and those born overseas. The youngest and highest age groups both reported reduced car access, as did those born overseas and single-adult households. All three factors were most likely among those with a lower individual or household socio-economic position. Increased levels of area disadvantage were independently associated with difficultly lifting and reduced car access.ConclusionsIn Melbourne, households with lower individual socio-economic position and area disadvantage have restricted access to food because of a lack of money and/or having physical limitations due difficulty lifting or lack of access to a car for food shopping. Further research is required to explore the relationship between physical restrictions and food access.
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Dobbinson, Suzanne Jane, David Bard Buller, James Andrew Chamberlain, Jody Simmons, and Mary Klein Buller. "Solar UV Measured under Built-Shade in Public Parks: Findings from a Randomized Trial in Denver and Melbourne." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 17 (August 25, 2022): 10583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710583.
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Reducing exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV) is crucial for preventing UV-induced diseases of the skin and eyes. Shade may offer significant protection from UV. More empirical research to quantify the UV protection offered from built shade is needed to guide disease prevention practices and confidence in investment in shade. This study quantified UV levels under built-shade relative to unshaded passive recreation areas (PRAs) over summer months in parks in two cities. In a randomized controlled trial, n = 1144 UV measurements were conducted at the center and periphery of PRAs in a total sample of 144 public parks as part of pretest and posttest measures of use of the PRAs by park visitors for three recruitment waves per city during 2010 to 2014. Following pretest, 36 PRAs received built-shade and 108 did not. Regression analyses modelled pre-post change in UV (Standard Erythemal Dose (SED) per 30 min) at PRAs; and environmental predictors. Mean UV at the center of built-shade PRAs decreased from pretest to posttest (x¯ = 3.39, x¯ = 0.93 SED), a change of x¯ = −3.47 SED relative to control PRAs (p < 0.001) adjusting for the covariates of ambient SED, (cosine) solar elevation and cloud cover. Clouds decreased and solar elevation increased UV levels under shade. No significant differences in UV by shade design occurred. A substantial reduction in exposure to UV can be achieved using built-shade with shade cloth designs, offering considerable protection for shade users. Supplementary sun protection is recommended for extended periods of shade use during clear sky days.
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Needleman, Robert, Eric P. F. Chow, Janet M. Towns, Vincent J. Cornelisse, Tim Z. T. Yang, Marcus Y. Chen, Catriona S. Bradshaw, Ria Fortune, and Christopher K. Fairley. "Access to sexual health services after the rapid roll out of the launch of pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV in Melbourne, Australia: a retrospective cross-sectional analysis." Sexual Health 15, no. 6 (2018): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh17182.
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Background On 26 July 2016, Victoria began a large study of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis, called PrEPX, that involved the creation of around 2600 appointments over 3 months across multiple sites in Melbourne, Australia. At this time, the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre (MSHC) appeared to have a larger demand on its services. The aim of the present study was to determine whether this apparent increase in demand was substantially different from other demand fluctuations. Methods: Patients presenting to the MSHC from 2014 to 2016 were reviewed. Demographic characteristics, sexual risks and sexually transmitted infection diagnoses were extracted from the clinical database. Results: There were 115522 walk-in presentations for care and a rise in presentations in the week following the launch of the PrEPX study, but at least six similar peaks occurred that year. The peak coinciding with the launch of PrEPX was only apparent for men who have sex with men. There was a substantial increase in the proportion of patients who could not be seen (i.e. triaged out), from 10% in the week before PrEPX to 22.2% in the second week after, but this was primarily due to staff absences. At the time of the PrEPX study, data were collected on the duration of symptoms for common conditions and found no significant (P>0.29) change in the average duration of symptoms compared with that seen before the PrEPX launch. Conclusions: The increase in the number of medical consultations required for the PrEPX study did not result in excessive demand for public sexual health services.
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McMichael, Celia, and Sandra Gifford. "Narratives of sexual health risk and protection amongst young people from refugee backgrounds in Melbourne, Australia." Culture, Health & Sexuality 12, no. 3 (April 2010): 263–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691050903359265.
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Muir, Carlyn, Ian R. Johnston, and Eric Howard. "Evolution of a holistic systems approach to planning and managing road safety: the Victorian case study, 1970–2015." Injury Prevention 24, Suppl 1 (February 16, 2018): i19—i24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042358.
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BackgroundThe Victorian Safe System approach to road safety slowly evolved from a combination of the Swedish Vision Zero philosophy and the Sustainable Safety model developed by the Dutch. The Safe System approach reframes the way in which road safety is viewed and managed.MethodsThis paper presents a case study of the institutional change required to underpin the transformation to a holistic approach to planning and managing road safety in Victoria, Australia.ResultsThe adoption and implementation of a Safe System approach require strong institutional leadership and close cooperation among all the key agencies involved, and Victoria was fortunate in that it had a long history of strong interagency mechanisms in place. However, the challenges in the implementation of the Safe System strategy in Victoria are generally neither technical nor scientific; they are predominantly social and political. While many governments purport to develop strategies based on Safe System thinking, on-the-ground action still very much depends on what politicians perceive to be publicly acceptable, and Victoria is no exception.ConclusionsThis is a case study of the complexity of institutional change and is presented in the hope that the lessons may prove useful for others seeking to adopt more holistic planning and management of road safety. There is still much work to be done in Victoria, but the institutional cultural shift has taken root. Ongoing efforts must be continued to achieve alert and compliant road users; however, major underpinning benefits will be achieved through focusing on road network safety improvements (achieving forgiving infrastructure, such as wire rope barriers) in conjunction with reviews of posted speed limits (to be set in response to the level of protection offered by the road infrastructure) and by the progressive introduction into the fleet of modern vehicle safety features.
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Zablotska, I., G. Prestage, A. Grulich, J. Imrie, and S. Kippax. "27. CAN UNPROTECTED ANAL INTERCOURSE WITH REGULAR AND CASUAL PARTNERS EXPLAIN THE DIVERGING TRENDS IN HIV EPIDEMIC IN AUSTRALIA?" Sexual Health 4, no. 4 (2007): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/shv4n4ab27.
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Introduction: Worldwide, increases in unprotected anal intercourse have been linked to the resurgence in HIV and STI in gay men. We assessed whether changes in UAI within regular and casual relationships may explain the diverging trends in HIV in three Australian states - NSW, Victoria and Queensland. Methods: We used the data from the annual cross-sectional Gay Community Periodic Surveys conducted annually in Sydney since 1996 and in Melbourne and Queensland since 1998. A short self-administered questionnaire asks about HIV serostatus, sexual health testing and behaviours relevant to HIV epidemic. We present time trends in seroconcordance and unprotected sex with regular and casual partners. Results: Currently, about one third of gay men report being in monogamous regular relationships, and this proportion has been slowly increasing everywhere. The self-reported UAI with regular partners (UAIR) was highest among men in seroconcordant positive relationships, lower among seroconcordant negative partners and lowest in non seroconcordant relationships. From 1998 to 2006, the rates of UAIR consistently increased by 10% in all three states and in all relationships by serostatus. The rates of UAI with casual partners (UAIC) were historically highest in NSW. From a peak in 2001, UAIC rates have consistently declined in NSW, but continuing increases were observed in Victoria and Queensland. Higher rates of nondisclosure of HIV were also observed in the context of UAIC in the latter two states. Conclusion: Changes in unprotected sex with casual partners may be responsible for the slowing of HIV epidemic in NSW. Sustained investment in policies and programs are important in achieving behaviour change.
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Hagai, M. "An Investigation of Kagera River Basin Land Cover Dynamics for Sustainability of Lake Victoria Water Regime." Journal of Sustainable Development 12, no. 4 (July 30, 2019): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v12n4p166.
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This paper is reporting on an investigation done to assess land cover dynamics in KRB(Kagera River Basin) (KRB) over a period of 21 years i.e.1990-2011 using Remote Sensing, Hydrology and GIS techniques as a basis for initiating policy interventions for sustainability of Lake Victoria water regime.The extent of land cover changes in the KRB have not been quantified with the view of assessing the extent of exploitation of the natural resources.The assessment is important firstly for identification of causative factors and secondly as a mechanism for formulating necessary policies and remedial measures to that effect.Specifically, Landsat 5, Landsat 7 and ETM+ (2000) satellite images were used.Eight Land Cover classes were identified namely, Forests, Woodland, Bushland, Cultivated Land, Swamps, Grassland, Bareland and Urban areas.Hydrographical data were used to assess changes in quantity of water flowing from the KRB into Lake Victoria and relating it with land cover changes in KRB at in the period of study. Spatial data processing, analysis and interpretation were carried out in ERDAS Imagine and ArcGIS software environments; while water quantity data and other non spatial data were processed and analyzed in Microsoft Excel application 2007.
The study revealed a significant decline of vegetation cover and water quantity discharged from Kagera River to Lake Victoria over the study period. This contravenes the global efforts of ecological sustainability, which urge avoidance of depletion of natural resources for maintenance for ecological balance. These results are in early warning to the Management of Lake Victoria for its potential failure towards achieving the Millennium Development Goal on responsible consumption and protection of natural resources in proximity with Lake Victoria. The Management of Lake Victoria in collaboration with other relevant authorities should thus, take remedial measures to control further depletion of vegetation cover in KRB for sustainability of Lake Victoria and its ecosystem.
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Kong, F., C. Kyle-Link, J. Hocking, and M. Hellard. "11. SEX AND SPORT: A COMMUNITY BASED PROJECT OF CHLAMYDIA TESTING AND TREATMENT IN RURAL AND REGIONAL VICTORIA." Sexual Health 4, no. 4 (2007): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/shv4n4ab11.
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Chlamydia is the most common notifiable infectious disease in Australia with the number of notifications increasing 92% over the past 5 years. The "Sex and Sport" Project is piloting a community based chlamydia testing and treatment program reaching young people in a specific community setting, sporting clubs. This multifaceted approach utilises health education, population screening and collection of data on risk taking behaviour as the first steps in enhancing health and shaping future service provisions. The project's primary aim is to assess the feasibility of an outreach testing and treatment program. Secondary aims are to measure the prevalence of chlamydia and assess sexual risk behaviour in this population. Strong community collaborations and integration into local health services through the Primary Care Partnerships is important in the project's sustainability; in particular key community members respected by sporting clubs needed to be identified, capacity developed to deliver effective health promotion messages and improve young people's access to sexual health services. Additionally, local knowledge has guided overall program implementation and provides opportunities for capacity building to regionally based services. For example, poor access to sexual health services is being addressed by the participants being able to access services via telephone consultation with Melbourne Sexual Health Centre. Approximately 1000 Victorians aged 16-25 years from the Loddon Mallee region of Victoria will be tested between June and September 2007. This paper will report on the feasibility, challenges and possible solutions in establishing a community based outreach testing and treatment program.
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LANTSBERG, Daniel, Yossi MIZRACHI, and Darren KATZ. "Micro-TESE Outcomes for Non-Obstructive Azoospermia — The First Australian Series." Fertility & Reproduction 04, no. 03n04 (September 2022): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2661318222740528.
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Background: Micro-dissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) for non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) was shown to achieve the best sperm retrieval rate (SRR) compared to other techniques. However, to date there is no large series of published Australian data. Aim: To study the incidence and predicting factors of successful sperm extraction in men with NOA undergoing micro-TESE in Victoria. Method: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of all consecutive patients with confirmed NOA who were treated between August 2014 and April 2020 in a single medical centre in Melbourne, Victoria. None were excluded. Patients underwent micro-TESE and upon a successful sperm retrieval, sperm was either frozen for fertility preservation or used fresh for ICSI. Results: During the study period, 85 men with NOA underwent micro-TESE in our centre. The overall sperm retrieval rate (SRR) was 61.2% (52/85). All patients with a history of surgically treated cryptorchidism or childhood diseases had a successful sperm retrieval. Patients with Kleinfelter syndrome had a 75% SRR. Patients with Idiopathic NOA and patients with a history of chemotherapy had a 50% and 40% SRR, respectively. Among the different types of testicular pathology, the highest SRR was found in men with complete hyalinization (100%). Hypospermatogenesis was associated with a high SRR of 93.3%, while Sertoli-cell-only histology was associated with only 46.3% SRR. The SRR has significantly increased from 33.3% in 2015-2016 to 73.6% in 2019-2020 (p=0.003). On Multivariate logistic regression analysis, baseline FSH levels <20 IU and history of childhood disease or Klinefelter syndrome were significantly associated with successful sperm retrieval. The cumulative pregnancy rate was 23.7%. Conclusion: This first report from Australia indicates that micro-TESE is an effective method for the treatment of NOA with high SRR and pregnancy rate. Our results can help patient management and counseling.
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Chan, Jun Keat, Kah Hong Yep, Sarah Magarey, Zoe Keon-Cohen, and Matt Acheson. "Fit Testing Disposable P2/N95 Respirators during COVID-19 in Victoria, Australia: Fit Check Evaluation, Failure Rates, and a Survey of Healthcare Workers." COVID 1, no. 1 (July 6, 2021): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/covid1010007.
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Quantitative fit testing was utilised to evaluate the Department of Health and Human Services in Victoria (DHHS) recommended fit check and determine pass/fail rates for self-selected P2/N95 respirators. Survey experience and training related to P2/N95 respirators were also obtained. This was an observational study at a specialist tertiary referral centre, Melbourne, Australia, between 29 May 2020 and 5 June 2020. The primary outcome was quantitative fit test pass/fail results, with fit check reported against fit test as a 2 × 2 contingency table. The secondary outcomes were the number of adjustments needed to pass, as well as the pass rates for available sizes and types of self-selected respirators, survey data for attitudes, experience and training for P2/N95 respirators. The fit check predicts respirator seal poorly (PPV 34.1%, 95% CI 25.0–40.5). In total, 69% (40/58) of respirators failed quantitative fit testing after initial respirator application and is a clinically relevant finding (first-up failure rate for P2/N95 respirators). Only one person failed the fit test for all three respirator fit tests. There was significant variability between each of the seven types of self-selected P2/N95 respirators, although sample sizes were small. Few participants were trained in the use of P2/N95 respirators or the fit check prior to COVID-19, with a high number of participants confident in achieving a P2/95 respirator seal following a fit test. The fit check alone was not a validated method in confirming an adequate seal for P2/N95 respirators. Quantitative fit testing can facilitate education, improve the seal of P2/N95 respirators, and needs to be integrated into a comprehensive Respiratory Protection Program (RPP).
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Bauleni, Esther M., Leesa Hooker, Hassan P. Vally, and Angela Taft. "Intimate-partner violence and reproductive decision-making by women attending Victorian Maternal- and Child-Health services: a cross-sectional study." Australian Journal of Primary Health 24, no. 5 (2018): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py17183.
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The reproductive years are a critical period where women experience greater risk of intimate-partner violence (IPV). Most studies investigating the association between IPV and reproductive health have been completed in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to examine the relationship between IPV and women’s reproductive decision-making in Victoria, Australia. We analysed secondary data from a cluster-randomised trial of IPV screening that surveyed new mothers attending Maternal- and Child-Health centres in Melbourne. Survey measures included the experience of partner abuse in the past 12 months using the Composite Abuse Scale and four reproductive decision-making indicators. Results showed that IPV affects reproductive decision-making among postpartum women. Women who reported abuse were less likely to plan for a baby (adjusted Odds Ratio 0.48, 95% CI: 0.31–0.75) than were non-abused women, significantly more likely to have partners make decisions for them about contraception (Risk ratio (RR) 4.09, 95% CI: 1.31–12.75), and whether and when to have a baby (RR 12.35, 95% CI: 4.46–34.16), than they were to make decisions jointly. Pregnant and postpartum women need to be screened for partner violence that compromises women’s decision-making power regarding their reproductive rights.
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Gorman, J., K. Mival, J. Wright, and M. Howell. "Developing risk-based screening guidelines for dioxin management at a Melbourne sewage treatment plant." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 10 (May 1, 2003): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0523.
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Dioxin is a generic term used to refer to the congeners of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). The principal source of dioxin production is generally thought to be from unintended by-products of waste incineration, but dioxins are also naturally formed from volcanic activity and forest fires (WHO, 1998). Estimates of dioxin emissions in Australia suggest that approximately 75% of the total PCDD and PCDF emissions derive from prescribed burning and wild bushfires. Currently, no screening guidelines for dioxins within soils are available in Australia. This paper presents the general approach and results of a human health risk-based assessment performed by URS Australia in 2001 to develop site specific reference criteria for remediation of a former sewage treatment plant in Melbourne. Risk-based soil remediation concentrations for dioxins at the sewage treatment plant site were developed using tolerable daily intake values of 4, 2 and 1 pg/kg/day. The potentially significant exposure pathways and processes for exposure to dioxins were identified and risk-based soil concentrations derived in accordance with the general method framework presented in the National Environmental Protection Measure (Assessment of Site Contamination). The derived dioxin reference criteria were used to develop an effective risk management program focussed on those conditions that present the greatest contribution to overall risk to human health.
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de Boer, Tycho. "Eric Pawson and Tom Brooking, eds, Environmental Histories of New Zealand. South Melbourne, Victoria, Australia: Oxford University Press, 2002. xvii + 342 pp. ISBN 019558421-X." Itinerario 28, no. 1 (March 2004): 118–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300019392.
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Tonkovic, Z., and S. Jeffcoat. "Wastewater reclamation for use in snow-making within an alpine resort in Australia - resource rather than waste." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 6-7 (September 1, 2002): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0692.
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The Mt Buller Alpine Resort is located approximately 200 km north of Melbourne, in Victoria, Australia. A wastewater treatment plant services the resort and currently treats to advanced nutrient removal standards. The treated effluent is presently discharged into the Howqua River. Most Australian ski resorts are not blessed with abundant snow cover on a regular basis. Artificial snow allows most of the popular ski runs to operate for the whole of the season. At the Mt Buller resort, snow-making is presently limited by lack of water supply in the catchment. The conditions at Mt Buller resort present a unique opportunity to utilise reclaimed wastewater to allow increased snow-making capacity. It is one of the unique opportunities where the wastewater is valued as a resource rather than merely viewed as a waste problem. Wastewater reclamation for snow-making will require additional treatment for pathogen removal. It is proposed that following advanced nutrient removal, the effluent will require further treatment, including membrane ultrafiltration, so as to ensure a minimum of four barriers for pathogen removal. Pilot plant operation of a membrane ultrafiltration system commenced in June 2000 and will continue until the end of 2001, to primarily demonstrate the extent of pathogen removal.
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Dobbie, Meredith, Ruth Morgan, and Lionel Frost. "Overcoming Abundance: Social Capital and Managing Floods in Inner Melbourne during the Nineteenth Century." Journal of Urban History 46, no. 1 (February 14, 2017): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144217692984.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Before effective drainage and flood protection systems were built in the early twentieth century, areas of inner Melbourne close to the Yarra River were prone to flooding. An overabundance of water and a need to limit its impact on lives, livelihoods, and the built environment drove changes in the engineered structure of a rapidly growing city. Through a case study of a working-class district, we consider how private citizens, drawing on stocks of social capital, responded to major floods in 1863 and 1891. In addition to the process of “top-down” governing, as revealed in public documents, less visible “bottom-up” pressure from local communities played an important role in influencing improvements in water-related infrastructure, such as flood mitigation works. By the turn of the twentieth century, this local pressure increasingly manifested in a centralist approach to water management, whereby metropolitan-wide public authorities took greater charge of local environmental problems.
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Keeves, Jemma, Belinda Gabbe, Sarah Arnup, Christina Ekegren, and Ben Beck. "Serious Injury in Metropolitan and Regional Victoria: Exploring Travel to Treatment and Utilisation of Post-Discharge Health Services by Injury Type." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (October 28, 2022): 14063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114063.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aimed to describe regional variations in service use and distance travelled to post-discharge health services in the first three years following hospital discharge for people with transport-related orthopaedic, brain, and spinal cord injuries. Using linked data from the Victorian State Trauma Registry (VSTR) and Transport Accident Commission (TAC), we identified 1597 people who had sustained transport-related orthopaedic, brain, or spinal cord injuries between 2006 and 2016 that met the study inclusion criteria. The adjusted odds of GP service use for regional participants were 76% higher than for metropolitan participants in the orthopaedic and traumatic brain injury (TBI) groups. People with spinal cord injury (SCI) living in regional areas had 72% lower adjusted odds of accessing mental health, 76% lower adjusted odds of accessing OT services, and 82% lower adjusted odds of accessing physical therapies compared with people living in major cities. People with a TBI living in regional areas on average travelled significantly further to access all post-discharge health services compared with people with TBI in major cities. For visits to medical services, the median trip distance for regional participants was 76.61 km (95%CI: 16.01–132.21) for orthopaedic injuries, 104.05 km (95% CI: 51.55–182.78) for TBI, and 68.70 km (95%CI: 8.34–139.84) for SCI. Disparities in service use and distance travelled to health services exist between metropolitan Melbourne and regional Victoria following serious injury.
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Keegel, Tessa, Ollie Black, Ewan MacFarlane, Rwth Stuckey, Anthony LaMontagne, Rosemary Nixon, and Malcolm Sim. "O5B.4 Workers’ compensation claims for occupational contact dermatitis: 20 years of data from victoria, australia." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A44.1—A44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.119.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BackgroundOccupational contact dermatitis is one of the most common occupational diseases, but there is a lack of reliable information on incidence. Despite acknowledged limitations, workers’ compensation statistics may provide insights into contact dermatitis patterns.ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to characterise historical patterns of workers’ compensation claims for occupational contact dermatitis.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of workers’ compensation claims for occupational contact dermatitis from 1996–2015 (n=3,348) accepted by WorkSafe Victoria in Victoria, Australia. Accepted claims per 1 00 000 person-years stratified by sex, age and industry were calculated. Denominators for the population at risk were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics using Victorian Labour Force Survey data.ResultsThe compensation claims rate of occupational contact dermatitis was 6.72 per 1 00 000 person-years for the overall twenty-year period. There was a significant reduction in claims from 11.84 in 1996 to 1.78 in 2015. Males had a higher overall claims rate of 7.97 compared to the rate for females of 5.18. Over the twenty-year period the rate for males decreased from 14.46 to 1.7 compared to a reduction from 8.4 to 1.8 for females. This decrease was still observed when the data were standardised for underlying changes in the age structure of the population. There was an overall decline across all high-risk occupational groupsConclusionsThere was a fivefold decrease in accepted claims for occupational contact dermatitis for the twenty-year period from January 1996 to December 2015 for the state of Victoria in Australia. These results need to be regarded with caution as the declining rate of accepted occupational contact dermatitis claims may indicate changes in workplace dermal exposures or improvements in workplace skin protection practices over time, or they may be driven by underlying changes to the workers’ compensation system or changes to claims behaviour amongst workers.