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1
Akbar, Dhani, Azhari Setiawan, Mariani Mariani, Oksep Adhayanto, Okparizan Okparizan, and Wayu Eko Yudiatmaja. "Environmental Awareness and Concern over Transboundary Oil Spill in Bintan Island: a Preliminary Analysis Results." E3S Web of Conferences 324 (2021): 06003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132406003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Regarding its strategic position which also has environmental potential and actual threats, Kepulauan Riau Province (Riau Island) is facing some challenges. This study discussed the environmental awareness and concern over transboundary oil spills case in Bintan Island, Kepulauan Riau. This study organized a regional cross-sectional survey exploring: (1) knowledge, (2) attitudes, (3) political attitudes, and (4) political perception in relation to transboundary oil spills case. This finding has an important implication for developing a more significant information and socialization on environmental politics and governance towards people in Bintan Island. It also argued that Awareness violates voting process, while, Party Identification and Concern have a positive impact on voting probability. The relevance of Awareness is supported by the inclusion of variable control even though our variable control were not significant.
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Zhang, Jing, Yu-shu Zhou, and Xin-yong Shen. "Numerical Simulation Analysis of the Impact of Urbanization on an Extreme Precipitation Event over Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, China." Atmosphere 11, no. 9 (September 4, 2020): 945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11090945.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this study, an extreme rainstorm that occurred in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region in China on 19–20 July 2016 is simulated and analyzed using the Weather Research and Forecasting model, coupled with a multilayer urban canopy scheme, to reveal the impact of urbanization on the extreme precipitation process in the region. The results show that the urban heat island effect (that is, surface warming and an increased near-ground sensible heat flux, which leads to increased vertical motion and atmospheric instability layer strengthening) plays a dominant role in the urban modification of rainfall during the early stages of urbanization, resulting in an increase of 6–10 mm in average hourly precipitation in urban and downwind areas. With the further development of urbanization in the BTH region, particularly in the big cities of Beijing and Tianjin, the large-scale expansion of the urban surface reduces the surface moisture, the evaporation of surface water from the ground, and the height of the atmospheric boundary layer, leading to an urban dry island effect brought about by the lack of near-surface water vapor, which inhibits an increase in precipitation. The positive effect of the urban heat island on precipitation was offset by the urban dry island effect, so the increase in precipitation in the urban areas was not obvious, but an increased range of 8–10 mm was noted. The existence of large cities changes the position of the strong upward movement of air, and convective upward movement is more likely to occur between the suburbs. With the further expansion of the underlying surface of the adjacent cities of Beijing and Tianjin, the upward movement between the two cities coincides, leading to an obvious increase in precipitation between the two cities.
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Derevska, Kateryna I., Victor A. Nesterovskyi, Volodymyr V. Manyuk, Kseniia V. Rudenko, and Maria I. Hurina. "Analysis and assessment of the environmental situation within Muromets Island (Kyiv)." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 31, no. 3 (September 21, 2022): 413–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112238.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The environmental situation within Muromets floodplain island, which is considered one of the oldest and largest islands of the Kyiv metropolis was studied. This san- dy island was formed due to fluvial migration and numerous alluvial deposits since the Holocene. The island is located in the modern Dnipro floodplain, bordering Trukhaniv Island from the south. The environmental state of the island’s plants, landscapes, water bodies, soils and rocks was analyzed. The environmental protection objects of the territory were also characterized. Satellite images of the Earth’s surface over the past 37 years were analyzed to study modern changes in the island outline and hydrography within the Dnipro floodplain near Kyiv. Changes in the shoreline of Muromets Island were assessed. Using our field research data, cartographic schemes, space photographs and scientific publications of various years, we characterized the island’s geological environment, presented the dynamics of shoreline development, analyzed the ecological situation, and identified environmental problems. We found that the island’s environmental condition correlates with the influence of both natural and anthropogenic factors. The degree and severity of impact of the above-mentioned factors on the island’s geological environment was established. It was shown that intense changes in this territory occur due to the geological work of surface water and the work of the wind ,which are intensified by anthropogenic actions. The land shoreline has been migrating for a long time as a result of active water erosion by the Dnipro, Desna and Chartoryi (Desenka) rivers and their tributaries. New straits, peninsulas and individual small islands are formed. The results indicate significant natural dynamics of the Dnipro floodplain develop- ment, which occurs against the background of anthropogenic influence, the pressure of which is constantly increasing. The complex of anthropogenic and natural factors lead to the active development of invasive plants, eutrophication of water bodies, shoreline erosion, and significant loss of water and land resources of Muromets Island. The conclusions substantiated in the article are of general geolog- ical, ecological and practical significance. They are the beginning of environmental monitoring on this issue, expand knowledge about the peculiarities of the geological structure of Kyiv and the Dnipro floodplain, and update data on the development and ecological situation of this territory. This provides an opportunity to predict and determine the direction of development of negative environmental changes in advance, to make early decisions regarding agents of negative influence and pressure on the geological environment, and to respond in time to their localization or termination. The obtained data can also be used in the arrangement of geological and engineering works related to the preservation of the Dnipro floodplain and the shoreline of the dry land, as well as in the planning of environmental protection measures.
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Johnson, Bradford D., Marcus D. Williams, and J. Marshall Shepherd. "Urbanization and Winter Precipitation: A Case Study Analysis of Land Surface Sensitivity." Atmosphere 12, no. 7 (June 23, 2021): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070805.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Urban modification of precipitation regimes is well documented in the urban climate literature. Studies investigating urbanization and non-convective precipitation, specifically winter precipitation, are limited. The theoretical framework here argues that the collective influence of urbanization extends beyond traditional city limits and the surrounding rural areas and can impact regional climate in non-adjacent cities. This paper utilizes the weather research and forecasting model (WRF-ARW) to simulate a cold-season synoptic system over the Northeastern United States over a variety of urban land surface scenarios. This case study centers on the potential boundary layer urban heat island effect on the lower troposphere and its ability to impact winter precipitation type at the local to regional scales. Results show a significant reduction in temperatures near the modified surface and subtle reductions over adjacent urban areas. When surface wind speeds are less than 5 ms−1, the boundary layer heat island increases air temperatures on the order of 3–4 °C at altitudes up to 925 mb. When combined with encroaching warm air near 850 mb during transitional precipitation events, the boundary layer heat island increases the thickness of the melting layer and consequently exposes falling hydrometeors to longer melting duration and phase change. Model simulations also show regional connections through remote temperature and relative humidity changes in urban areas removed from reforested areas.
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Hidayah, Zainul, Agus Romadhon, and Yudha Witjarnoko. "Vulnerability Analysis of Sea Level Rise In The Southern Coast of Bawean Island." Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada 20, no. 2 (January 22, 2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jfs.38026.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bawean island is one of numerous small islands in East Java. This island is famous for its natural resources and high level of environmental services. However in the last few years, effects of sea level rises on the island have been reported. Objective of this research was to identify and determine parameters that have significant impact on the vulnerability of the island due to sea level rise events. This research was conducted from July untill September 2017. The method used for this study was a combination of spatial analysis using remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS), field survey and interviews with local people. Vulnerability assesment was conducted for three parameters, namely Exposure, Sensitivity and Adaptive Capacity. The results showed that the vulnerability index in the southern part of the island is 3.381. It can be classified as low vulnerability.
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Bektas, F., and C. Goksel. "Remote sensing and GIS integration for land cover analysis, a case study: Bozcaada Island." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 11 (June 1, 2005): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0411.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this study, remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques were used in order to accomplish land cover change of Bozcaada Island, Turkey, by using multitemporal Landsat Thematic Mapper data. Digital image processing techniques were conducted for the processes of image enhancement, manipulation, registration and classification for land cover change analysis. The land cover changes between two different dates were visualized and analyzed by using Geographic Information System techniques. The results showed that remotely sensed data and GIS are effective and powerful tools for carrying out changes on land cover of the island and monitoring of its impact on the environment.
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Dionne, Francois, Craig Mitton, Neale Smith, and Cam Donaldson. "Evaluation of the impact of program budgeting and marginal analysis in Vancouver Island Health Authority." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 14, no. 4 (October 2009): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jhsrp.2009.008182.
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Stempihar, Jeffrey J., Tina Pourshams-Manzouri, Kamil E. Kaloush, and Maria Carolina Rodezno. "Porous Asphalt Pavement Temperature Effects for Urban Heat Island Analysis." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2293, no. 1 (January 2012): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2293-15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Increased nighttime temperatures caused by retained heat in urban areas is a phenomenon known as the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Urbanization requires an increase in pavement surface area, which contributes to UHI as a result of unfavorable heat retention properties. In recent years, alternative pavement designs have become more common in an attempt to mitigate the environmental impacts of urbanization. Specifically, porous pavements are gaining popularity in the paving industry because of their attractive storm water mitigation and friction properties. However, little information regarding the thermal behavior of these materials is available. This paper explores the extent to which porous asphalt pavement influences pavement temperatures and investigates the impact on UHI by considering the diurnal temperature cycle. A one-dimensional pavement temperature model developed at Arizona State University was used to model surface temperatures of porous asphalt, traditional dense-graded asphalt, and portland cement concrete pavements. Scenarios included variations in pavement thickness, structure, and albedo. Thermal conductivity testing was performed on porous asphalt mixtures to obtain values for current and future analysis. In general, porous asphalt exhibited higher daytime surface temperatures than the other pavements because of the reduced thermal energy transfer from the surface to subsurface layers. However, porous asphalt showed the lowest nighttime temperatures compared with other materials with a similar or higher albedo. This trend can be attributed to the unique insulating properties of this material, which result from a high air void content. As anticipated, the outcome of this study indicated that pavement impact on UHI is a complex problem and that important interactions between influencing factors such as pavement thickness, structure, material type, and albedo must be considered.
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Peloriadi, Konstantina, Petros Iliadis, Panagiotis Boutikos, Konstantinos Atsonios, Panagiotis Grammelis, and Aristeidis Nikolopoulos. "Technoeconomic Assessment of LNG-Fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cells in Small Island Systems: The Patmos Island Case Study." Energies 15, no. 11 (May 25, 2022): 3892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15113892.
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Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is regarded as the cleanest among fossil fuels due to its lower environmental impact. In power plants, it emits 50–60% less carbon dioxide into the atmosphere compared to regular oil or coal-fired plants. As the demand for a lower environmental footprint is increasing, fuel cells powered by LNG are starting to appear as a promising technology, especially suitable for off-grid applications, since they can supply both electricity and heating. This article presents a techno-economic assessment for an integrated system consisting of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack and a micro gas turbine (MGT) fueled by LNG, that feeds the waste heat to a multi-effect desalination system (MED) on the Greek island of Patmos. The partial or total replacement of the diesel engines on the non-interconnected island of Patmos with SOFC systems is investigated. The optimal system implementation is analyzed through a multi-stage approach that includes dynamic computational analysis, techno-economic evaluation of different scenarios using financial analysis and literature data, and analysis of the environmental and social impact on the island. Specific economic indicators such as payback, net present value, and internal rate of return were used to verify the economic feasibility of this system. Early results indicate that the most sensitive and important design parameter in the system is fuel cell capital cost, which has a significant effect on the balance between investment cost and repayment years. The results of this study also indicate that energy production with an LNG-fueled SOFC system is a promising solution for non-interconnected Greek islands, as an intermediate carrier prior to the long-term target of a CO₂-free economy.
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Qin, Keyu, Haijun Huang, Jingya Liu, Liwen Yan, Yanxia Liu, Haibo Bi, Zehua Zhang, and Yi Zhang. "Impact Mechanism of the Ecological Vulnerability of Highly Developed Islands Based on the Bayesian Network Model—Applied to the Changshan Islands." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 14, 2021): 4150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084150.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Islands are one of the most sensitive interfaces between global changes and land and sea dynamic effects, with high sensitivity and low stability. Therefore, under the dynamic coupling effect of human activities and frequent natural disasters, the vulnerability of the ecological environment of islands shows the characteristics of complexity and diversity. For the protection of island ecosystems, a system for the assessment of island ecosystems and studies on the mechanism of island ecological vulnerability are highly crucial. In this study, the North and South Changshan Islands of China were selected as the study area. Considering various impact factors of island ecological vulnerability, the geographical information systems (GIS) spatial analysis, field surveys, data sampling were used to evaluate island ecological vulnerability. The Bayesian network model was used to explore the impact mechanism of ecological vulnerability. The results showed that the ecological vulnerability of the North Changshan Island is higher than that of the South Changshan Island. Among all the indicators, the proportion of net primary productivity (NPP) and the steep slope has the strongest correlation with ecological vulnerability. This study can be used as references in the relevant departments to formulate management policies and promote the sustainable development of islands and their surrounding waters
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Adams, N., and K. Allacker. "Environmental impact assessment to support the development of new Photonic Meta-Concrete." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1078, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1078/1/012072.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The cooling demand in buildings has increased over the past decades due to global warming, the heat-island-effect in cities and the increased airtightness and thermal resistance of the building envelope. This led to an increased use of conventional air-conditioners, which now account for 7% of global greenhouse gas emissions and 10% of the total energy consumption. In this context, the MIRACLE project aims at developing a new Photonic Meta-Concrete (PMC) with remarkable photonic properties to reduce the CO2 footprint of buildings, mitigate the heat-island-effect and global warming. Besides the positive effect that this innovative material can have on the environment during the use phase of buildings, also the environmental impact of the production needs to be minimized. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is used along the development process of this innovative material to guarantee a low material environmental impact. This paper discusses how EIA is used along the development process and presents the preliminary results in the early stages of the development of the PMC. To investigate the impact of this new material, a cradle-to-gate analysis of the resources, energy and machinery needed to create the concrete mixture is performed. The broad set of environmental indicators of the EC PEF (Product Environmental Footprint) method, such as climate change, acidification, eutrophication, particulate matter, ecotoxicity, water depletion and human toxicity are being considered. Considering such a large set of indications ensures that burden shifting is avoided. The environmental impact of the PMC is moreover compared to the impact of conventional concrete to understand how both perform.
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AHMADI, NORSYAKIRA, FATHILAH ISMAIL, and WAN HAFIZ WAN ZAINAL SHUKRI. "EXPLORING WESTERN TOURISTS’ PERCEIVED RISK AND IMPACT ON WILLINGNESS-TO-TRY UNFAMILIAR LOCAL FOOD IN REDANG AND PERHENTIAN ISLANDS." Malaysian Applied Biology 50, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v50i2.2009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Post COVID-19 pandemic, tourists remain eager to sample local food when visiting new destinations. However, being in a strange island environment and eating unfamiliar food, may enhance the feeling of uncertainty, thus increase Western tourists’ perceived risk particularly with unfamiliar food and culture. International tourists may perceive unfamiliar foods as strange or even dangerous, which could affect the overall tourism experience. Western tourists’ risk perception towards local island food in Malaysia remains unexplored despite the popularity of island destinations. The present study aims to explore Western tourists’ perceived risk factors regarding local island food and their impact on willingness-to-try. Adopting a qualitative stance, semi-structured interviews were conducted between July and August 2020 involving nine Western tourists (two male, seven female) at various food outlets in Perhentian and Redang Island. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis and aided with Atlas.ti software. Results indicated the presence of perceived health risk, environmental and safety risk. Hedonism and the emotional connection remain a key attraction to the island-style dining experience.
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Zhang, Yu, and Meiqi Dai. "Analysis of the Cooling and Humidification Effect of Multi-Layered Vegetation Communities in Urban Parks and Its Impact." Atmosphere 13, no. 12 (December 7, 2022): 2045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13122045.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As urbanization continues to accelerate, the urban heat island effects have become one of the most important issues affecting the urban environment and people’s living experience. Numerous studies have shown that urban parks and green spaces can effectively alleviate the problem of the urban heat island effect and provide cooling and humidifying effects. Vegetation communities are a fundamental part of urban parklands, and multi-layered vegetation communities are considered to have better cooling and humidifying effects. Previous studies have focused on comparative analyses between different cover types of vegetation communities but have not explored the differences in the cooling and humidifying effects of multi-layered vegetation communities of the same cover type. Therefore, the Olympic Forest Park in Beijing was selected as the subject of this study, and multi-layered vegetation-covered (tree-shrub-grass) with different degrees of densities and uncovered squares were selected for the control and comparison. The cooling and humidifying effects of multi-layered vegetation communities with different canopy densities at different times of the day through field measurements were studied, and the influencing factors for this were analyzed. The results show that the tree cover is the core factor affecting temperature; the degree of the canopy density of multi-layered vegetation communities is significantly and positively correlated with the intensity of cooling and humidification, and the cooling and humidifying effect of multi-layered vegetation communities increases as the degree of canopy density increases. The results of this study can provide some references for the planning and design of urban parks and green spaces.
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Keller, Douglas, Vishal Somanna, Philippe Drobinski, and Cédric Tard. "Offshore CO2 Capture and Utilization Using Floating Wind/PV Systems: Site Assessment and Efficiency Analysis in the Mediterranean." Energies 15, no. 23 (November 24, 2022): 8873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15238873.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A methanol island, powered by solar or wind energy, indirectly captures atmospheric CO2 through the ocean and combines it with hydrogen gas to produce a synthetic fuel. The island components include a carbon dioxide extractor, a desalinator, an electrolyzer, and a carbon dioxide-hydrogen reactor to complete this process. In this study, the optimal locations to place such a device in the Mediterranean Sea were determined, based on three main constraints: power availability, environmental risk, and methanol production capability. The island was numerically simulated with a purpose built python package pyseafuel. Data from 20 years of ocean and atmospheric simulation data were used to “force” the simulated methanol island. The optimal locations were found to strongly depend on the power availability constraint, with most optimal locations providing the most solar and/or wind power, due to the limited effect the ocean surface variability had on the power requirements of methanol island. Within this context, optimal locations were found to be the Alboran, Cretan, and Levantine Sea due to the availability of insolation for the Alboran and Levantine Sea and availability of wind power for the Cretan Sea. These locations were also not co-located with areas with larger maximum significant wave heights, thereby avoiding areas with higher environmental risk. When we simulate the production at these locations, a 10 L s−1 seawater inflow rate produced 494.21, 495.84, and 484.70 mL m−2 of methanol over the course of a year, respectively. Island communities in these regions could benefit from the energy resource diversification and independence these systems could provide. However, the environmental impact of such systems is poorly understood and requires further investigation.
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van Bochove, E., M. M. Savard, G. Thériault, R. Cherif, N. Ziadi, and J. MacLeod. "Nitrogen fertilizer impact on the Wilmot watershed aquifer in Prince Edward Island, Canada." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 1 (July 1, 2007): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.458.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of this study is to estimate the soil N flux from the vadose zone to the aquifer of the Wilmot watershed (Prince Edward Island, Canada) for a typical three-year cropping rotation (barley–red clover–potato). A conceptual model estimates that 199–221 tons of N were yearly available for leaching at the watershed scale. A significant portion of this N amount was available for leaching at the end of the crop season representing 80–90% of the annual N balance. Drainage water nitrate concentrations were significantly higher after the potato-rotation year than during the crop season. Low nitrate concentrations were measured at spring thaw indicating that most of the nitrate available from the preceding potato crop season was likely leached at the end of fall or during winter. Early spring ionic exchange membrane sampling show a large availability of nitrate in soil possibly throughout winter as well, resulting from soil N mineralization and nitrification over the winter period. These findings are corroborated by the isotope natural abundance analysis of nitrate in groundwater implying that nitrifiers are significantly active during winter, as well as during the crop season, and that leaching of soil nitrates with seasonal signals takes place whenever recharge is occurring.
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Al rosyid, Ali Hasyim, Irham Irham, and Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo. "Hypothesis Testing on Environmental Kuznets Curve of Agricultural Sector in Java Island: Panel Data Analysis." Agro Ekonomi 28, no. 1 (June 28, 2017): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jae.25703.
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One obstacle in the improvement of community welfare in the agricultural sector, especially in Java, is the environmental externality which constantly exists in every economic activity. The objective of this research was to estimate greenhouse gas emission coming from agricultural sector in Java and identify whether farmers in Java had allocated environmental conservation costs as the impact of greenhouse gas emission from agricultural activities in Java. The inventory method of greenhouse gas emission from agricultural sector is based on inventory guidelines published by IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) in 2006. As for the analysis to determine the relationship between greenhouse gas emission and GRDP of agricultural subsector per agricultural labor, The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) was employed, alongside greenhouse gas emission indicators representing environmental degradation and GRDP of agricultural subsector per agricultural worker representing of per capita income of agricultural. Overall, greenhouse gas emissions, both CH4 methane emissions and carbon dioxide emission (CO2) - produced from rice cultivation, fertilizer application, livestock enteric fermentation and poultry manure - are gradually increasing. And the relationship between greenhouse gas emission and GRDP per worker has inverted-U shape; and it is in line with EKC hypothesis. Thereby, the role of the entire community elements and government support in implementing mitigation technology and agricultural adaptation is needed to cope with impacts of greenhouse gas emission, such as climate change.
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Tran, Chinh C., and John F. Yanagida. "Environmental Impact Assessment of Banagrass-Based Cellulosic Ethanol Production on Hawaii Island: A Spatial Analysis of Re-Suspended Soil Dust and Carbon Dioxide Emission." Applied Sciences 9, no. 13 (June 29, 2019): 2648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9132648.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Environmental impacts from the development of banagrass (Pennisetum purpureum)-based ethanol production on Hawaii Island may create air quality problems. Air pollutants considered in this study include re-suspended soil dust (also known as PM2.5 and PM10) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. The resulting pollutant emissions are then compared against the Federal Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) significant standard for the environmental impact assessment. This study combines GIS and a mathematical computational model to logically and effectively examine potential spatial impacts of ethanol development on air quality on Hawaii Island. This study found that mechanical harvesting of banagrass generates higher dust emission than other agricultural crops. The total PM10 emission of 248.18 tons per year was found statistically equivalent to the PSD significant permitting requirement limit of 250 tons per year (tpy) and thus considered as a major stationary source of fugitive dust pollution. The annual CO2 emission amount of 19,371.72 tons is less than the PSD significant permitting requirement of 75,000 tons of CO2 per year. As a result, this estimated amount is not considered as a major stationary source of pollution.
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Huang, M. H., and J. J. Chen. "SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL CHANGE ANALYSIS OF URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT IN WUHAN CITY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W10 (February 7, 2020): 705–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w10-705-2020.
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Abstract. China has experienced rapid urbanization and rapid development of economy in the past decades, resulting in severe damage to the urban ecological environment, causing changes in the urban thermal environment and triggering the urban heat island effect. Moreover, the heat island effect has become a hot topic for scholars. The urban heat island effect refers to the phenomenon that the urban surface temperature is significantly higher than that of surrounding suburbs due to the interaction of man-made and natural. The city is considered to be the largest man-made ecosystem. Its heat island effect will not only change the growth habit of urban vegetation， but also affect the outer environment of urban buildings, it further influences human life and has a great negative impact on human health. Therefore, the study of the spatial-temporal variation characteristics of urban heat island effect and its influencing factors can provide data support for the environmental quality control and urban planning of local government departments. Based on the surface temperature remote sensing product data, we studied the spatial distribution characteristics of urban heat island effect in Wuhan from 2001 to 2013, by calculating the temperature difference between the highest and lowest temperatures and the average interval method for heat island classification. We conducted a trend analysis of vegetation cover from 2001 to 2013 initially explore the effects of vegetation cover n heat island effect. The results showed that: (1) From 2001 to 2013, the intensity of heat island in Wuhan was strong in the city center, weaker surrounding city center and the weakest in the suburbs; From 2001 to 2011, the intensity of heat island in Wuhan city was significantly weaken, among which Huangpi, Xinzhou, Jiangxia, Hannan and Caidian district were weaken, and the urban heat island effect of the city center was enhanced; From 2011 to 2013, the intensity of heat island in Wuhan city presented an increasing trend, among which Huangpi district, Xinzhou district and Caidian district were the most obvious, and the urban heat island effect was slightly weaken. (2) Between 2001 and 2013, the vegetation cover in Huangpi district and Xinzhou district increased significantly, and the vegetation cover in the downtown, Jiangxia district and Dongxihu district decreased significantly, corresponding to the urban heat island effect of Wuhan increased volatility. Our results showed that the spatial distribution of urban heat island effect in Wuhan city fluctuated with time during the study period, and the vegetation cover had a significant influence on it.
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Anggraini, Zeni, Budi Setiawan, Nazhira Shadrina, and Dadong Iskandar. "Radiological Impact Assessment of Class 3 Landfill of TENORM Waste from Tin Industry in Bangka Island." Environment and Natural Resources Journal 19, no. 5 (June 29, 2021): 337–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/19/2021020.
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This study assessed the potential radiological impact of a class 3 landfill as a disposal facility of the final tin slag from the tin industry in Bangka Island. Tin slag that contains TENORM (Technically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material) with activity concentrations above exemption level limits should be stored safely and securely. The radiological impact analysis of storing TENORM waste was carried out before and after the construction of a landfill facility. RESRAD OFFSITE version 3.2 software was used to simulate dose and cancer risk, and analyze the contribution of exposure pathways. Radionuclide concentration, landfill facility specifications, hydrogeological data, climatological data, and food and water consumption data were used as input parameters of RESRAD. The receptor was a resident farmer who lives 100 meters from the facility, grows his own food, and consumes water from his land. The total dose before and after the construction of the landfill were 3.13 mSv/year and 1.84×10-2 mSv/year while cancer risks were 5.69×10-3 and 6.50×10-5, respectively. The exposure pathways from inhalation of radon become a major contributor to dose acceptance and cancer risk. Based on these results, the landfill facility is effective in reducing the potential impact of radiological hazards from dose acceptance and cancer risk.
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Sun, Zishu, Zhigang Li, and Jialong Zhong. "Analysis of the Impact of Landscape Patterns on Urban Heat Islands: A Case Study of Chengdu, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20 (October 15, 2022): 13297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013297.
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The urbanization process, such as population growth and the expansion of roads, railways, residential areas, and industrial areas, causes severe landscape fragmentation and changes in the surface temperature balance, resulting in the heat island effect. This study used Landsat data to study the impact of landscape patterns on urban heat islands (UHIs) and temporal-spatial change characteristics. In addition, spatial correlation analysis was employed to detect the relationships between land surface temperature (LST) and landscape patterns. The results showed that the impervious surfaces landscape area increased significantly, and the Woodland landscape area increased. However, the bare land, cropland, and water body area decreased. The cohesion of cropland and woodland landscape in the suburb decreased, and there was a high degree of fragmentation. The difference between the contributions of the central city and suburbs to the whole region is narrowing, and the expansion of urban heat islands is shifting from the central city to the suburbs. The percentage of landscape index (PLAND) and the patch cohesion index (COHESION) of woodland, water body, and cropland were negatively correlated with LST. Meanwhile, the PLAND and COHESION of impervious surface and bare land were positively correlated with LST, and the splitting index (SPLIT) was the opposite of the PLAND and COHESION. The fragmentation of impervious surfaces and bare land landscapes reduces the UHI effect. Based on these results, countermeasures to mitigate the heat island effect are proposed. These measures will play an essential role in improving urban ecology and the environmental quality of human settlements.
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Bonacci, Ognjen, and Adrijana Vrsalović. "Differences in Air and Sea Surface Temperatures in the Northern and Southern Part of the Adriatic Sea." Atmosphere 13, no. 7 (July 21, 2022): 1158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13071158.
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The paper compares air and sea surface temperatures in recent years on two islands in the Adriatic Sea. The data measured at the climatological station Krk on the island of Krk and the main meteorological station Lastovo on the island of Lastovo are used. The island of Krk is located in the north of the Adriatic Sea and Lastovo in the south. Since a significant increase in air and sea surface temperatures has been observed over the last thirty years, the goal is to establish how they reflect at these two stations, 313 km apart. The goal of the analysis is to monitor the changes in these two islands to reduce the negative impacts they may cause. The analysis of sea temperatures showed that global warming has a greater impact in the northern Adriatic than in the southern Adriatic. Air and sea surface temperatures have a faster upward trend on Krk than on Lastovo. Similar to the Mediterranean Sea, a positive trend was observed in the Adriatic Sea for both sea surface temperature and air temperature.
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Jeong, Daeyoung, Yun Eui Choi, Lilan Jin, and Jinhyung Chon. "Impact of Spatial Change on Tourism by Bridge Connections between Islands: A Case Study of Ganghwa County in South Korea." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 19, 2019): 6516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226516.
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The purpose of this study is to (1) measure the change in street networks of islands that are connected by bridges using space syntax and verify the relationships among spatial centrality, traffic volume and tourism facilities (small accommodations) and (2) establish strategies for sustainable tourism management through identifying the impact of this island connection on tourism destinations. Ganghwa County (Ganghwa Island, Seokmo Island and Gyodong Island) in South Korea was chosen as the study area, and we applied the angular segment analysis (ASA) method by metric distance based on space syntax. The results of this study showed that the construction of sea-crossing bridges between islands affected street networks considering metric radii (on a local scale, a mid-scale and a global scale) and areas with high spatial centrality in the study area affected traffic volumes and increased the number of small accommodations following the construction of bridges. The core areas of the whole street network were analyzed, and alternative paths for tourist flow diffusion, tourism development, land use regulation and environmental education for responsible tourism were proposed as key strategies for sustainable tourism. The findings of this study will contribute to reducing the potential for social and ecological damage by providing practical management strategies for island tourism destinations connected by bridges.
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Krisnayanti, Denik Sri, Philipi De Rozari, Vilkanova C. Garu, Alvine C. Damayanti, Djoko Legono, and Hamdan Nurdin. "Analysis of Flood Discharge due to Impact of Tropical Cyclone." Civil Engineering Journal 8, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 1752–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2022-08-09-01.
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Tropical Cyclone Seroja, which occurred between April 2 to 6, 2021, is one of the strongest storms ever in East Nusa Tenggara. The track results of the cyclone showed that Seroja, formed at coordinates 10.5° S and 123° E, moved towards west longitude to Sumba Island and continued towards Australia. Moreover, the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) output was used to analyze the rainfall conditions at the center of the Seroja cyclone through the Kambaniru watershed in East Sumba, and the results showed that the precipitation continued to increase during Seroja's development to reach 225 mm. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effect of the rainfall during the storm on the maximum runoff experienced in the Kambaniru watershed through the application of quantitative analysis on the rainfall data from GPM data. The process involved analyzing the flood discharge using the HSS-SCS Curve Number method and GPM data, which were initially used to evaluate the rainfall during the TC Seroja due to limited field data. The results showed that the CN value in the Kambaniru watershed was in the AMC III condition with a curve number of 88.90 and the maximum flood during the Seroja storm was recorded to be 2,987 m3/s which is higher than the flood discharge for the 500 year return period. It was also discovered that the narrowing of the river channel on the Kambaniru Bridge section contributed to the collapse of the bridge. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-09-01 Full Text: PDF
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GRAHAM, NATALIE R., DANIEL S. GRUNER, JUN Y. LIM, and ROSEMARY G. GILLESPIE. "Island ecology and evolution: challenges in the Anthropocene." Environmental Conservation 44, no. 4 (June 27, 2017): 323–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892917000315.
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SUMMARYIslands are widely considered to be model systems for studying fundamental questions in ecology and evolutionary biology. The fundamental state factors that vary among island systems – geologic history, size, isolation and age – form the basis of mature phenomenological and predictive theory. In this review, we first highlight classic lines of inquiry that exemplify the historical and continuing importance of islands. We then show how the conceptual power of islands as ‘natural laboratories’ can be improved through functional classifications of both the biological properties of, and human impact on, insular systems. We highlight how global environmental change has been accentuated on islands, expressly because of their unique insular properties. We review five categories of environmental perturbation: climate change, habitat modification, direct exploitation, invasion and disease. Using an analysis of taxonomic checklists for the arthropod biotas of three well-studied island archipelagos, we show how taxonomists are meeting the challenge of biodiversity assessment before the biodiversity disappears. Our aim is to promote discussion on the tight correlations of the environmental health of insular systems to their continued importance as singular venues for discovery in ecology and evolutionary biology, as well as to their conservation significance as hotspots of endemism.
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Nahar, Kamrun, Samiha Nahian, Farah Jeba, Md Safiqul Islam, Md Safiur Rahman, Tasrina Rabia Choudhury, Konica Jannat Fatema, and Abdus Salam. "Characterization and Source Discovery of Wintertime Fog on Coastal Island, Bangladesh." Atmosphere 13, no. 3 (March 19, 2022): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13030497.
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An extensive chemical investigation of fog water’s chemical composition, as well as source characterization, were carried out during the winter season (December to February) at an outflow location (Bhola, Bangladesh) of the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). Characterization of the source involved correlational analysis, enrichment factor analysis, estimation of percentage sources, and air mass trajectory analysis. The average pH of fog water in Bhola was found to be 7.03 ± 0.02, demonstrating that acid-neutralizing components were successful in neutralizing acidifying species. The concentrations of the water-soluble ions were determined, and they were in the following order: Ca2+ > NO3− > Cl− > Na+ > SO42− > NH4+ > Mg2+ > K+ > F− > HCO3−. Of the six trace elements (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb) that were analyzed, Zn ions were found in the highest concentration, followed by Mn ions. Neutralization factor analysis showed that the key neutralization components of fog-water were Ca2+ and NH4+. Enrichment factor (EF) calculation revealed the anthropogenic origin of NO3−, SO42−, Zn, Mn, and Cu. The percentage source contributions of NO3− (99.74%), SO42− (84.02%), and Cl− (8.30%) further support the anthropogenic origin. Backward air mass trajectory analysis was performed using the NOAA-HYSPLIT model. Long-range transport of contaminants over the IGP area was found to have a profound impact on the chemical composition of fog on the Bhola coast. This research has provided novel findings for the chemical characterization of fog water and the detection of its source at IGP outflow, and highlighted the anthropogenic contributions to local air pollution, as well as the transboundary influence on local air quality.
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Gui, Jooseng (Gavin), Joby Carlson, Patrick E. Phelan, Kamil E. Kaloush, and Jay S. Golden. "Impact of Pavement Thickness on Surface Diurnal Temperatures." Journal of Green Building 2, no. 2 (May 1, 2007): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.2.2.121.
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Simulations of pavement surface temperature were carried out using a one-dimensional mathematical model developed previously based on a fundamental energy balance. By altering the parameters input to the model, an analysis was conducted to study the effects on the diurnal pavement temperatures caused by varying paving material and thicknesses. Such study offers an understanding of the optimum thicknesses for the materials to yield cooler surface temperatures by reducing heat absorption. This model can assist in determining appropriate mitigation strategies for the Urban Heat Island effect and human discomfort. The results indicated that there exists a critical layer thickness at which the maximum surface temperature is minimized. Further increase beyond the critical thickness results in adverse maximum and minimum surface temperatures. The study also shows that high albedo concrete cement surfaces have cooler surface temperatures as compared to lower-albedo asphalt-based surface pavements.
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Ayagapin, Leslie, and Jean Philippe Praene. "Environmental Overcost of Single Family Houses in Insular Context: A Comparative LCA Study of Reunion Island and France." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 27, 2020): 8937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218937.
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The building and public works sector is, in France as in Europe, a major consumer of raw materials for both the manufacture of products and the construction of buildings and structures. This sector has a direct impact on the natural and built environment. This effect is even more pronounced in the case of isolated territories, such as islands. The latter have their own constraints (geographical location, production of the local grid mix) and particularities: very small territory, massive importation of goods in all fields, such as food, automobile, building, and others). In this study, we focus on the building branch of the construction industry, which covers housing (single-family houses and apartment blocks). The study is based on the analysis of about twenty single-family houses built in metropolitan France and Reunion Island. The construction standards for these two regions comply with European standards (CE) and French regulations. However, in the case of Reunion Island, a tropical island, it applies in particular to the Thermal, Acoustic, and Ventilation Regulations for New Buildings in Overseas Departments and Regions (RTAA DROM). The approach that is used for the environmental assessment of single-family homes is the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), from cradle to grave. The results initially showed that there is an additional environmental cost in the construction sector between France and Reunion Island. This is initially due to the choice of origin of materials and products, which can greatly contribute to the impacts of construction. Secondly, to the use of the countries’ electricity mix, which also contributes, in part, to the impact of the construction of these single-family homes during the assembly and transformation of the products. Finally, this additional cost also differs according to the transport used (sea, air, rail, road). For the Global Warming Potential (GWP) indicator, in our study we note that the additional environmental cost is 37% higher in Reunion Island. This figure explains the additional impact of the 218 kg-CO2eq/m2 of built-up area built for Reunion Island. This study is one of the first analyses demonstrating the additional environmental cost that exists between mainland France and overseas France. Thus, the results demonstrate the importance of creating a specialized and regionalized database for the case of remote islands. Thus, this database would allow for professionals to have a precise environmental assessment, not on a national but on a regional scale. This document also provides a framework and guideline for policy decision-making in the overseas islands.
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Nuraini, Lia, Henky Irawan, and Rizki Yuli Sari. "LEGAL ANALYSIS OF MANGROVE DAMAGE COMPENSATION WITH ECONOMIC VALUATION IN BINTAN." Journal of Law and Policy Transformation 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37253/jlpt.v7i2.7196.
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Bintan, the only conservation area at the district level, was established through the Regent's Decree No. 58/II/2009 and has an area of 472,905 ha, with a fairly high area of mangroves and seagrass beds, especially in the southern region of Bintan Island. One interesting and sustainable phenomenon on Bintan Island is that beach destruction is often found in the form of lumps of dirty oil (sludge oil) during the north wind season along the northern coast of Bintan Island, stretching from Lagoi beach to Berakit beach. This study discusses the legal analysis of mangrove damage compensation with the economic valuation in Bintan. Research method This research uses empirical juridical research with qualitative and quantitative data types, from a qualitative perspective analyzing the legislation on the protection of mangrove ecosystems, and quantitative data analysis to measure the level of damage to mangroves in the Bintan area. The perpetrators of mangrove destruction can be subject to strict liability which imposes proof on the perpetrators. To provide a deterrent effect and save the environment as well as economic losses to Mangroves. Based on Ministerial Regulation Number 7 of 2014 concerning Environmental Losses Due to Pollution and/or Environmental Damage, describes community losses due to environmental damage, namely those that have an impact on community losses. Economic valuation of compensation due to mangrove destruction. As an ecotourism area in Bintan Regency, it can be calculated using the travel cost method, so that the action of the valuation in 1 month is as follows: Pengudang Village Tourism Rp. 20,000,000, Teluk Sebong Village Tourism Rp. 2,000,000, Penaga Village Tourism Rp. 29,040. 000, Lagoi Tourism Rp 834,000,000. The economic valuation due to mangrove damage in Bintan experienced by marginal fishermen is estimated at IDR 2,600,000 per month.
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Jiang, Qingrui, Xiaochang Liu, Zhiqiang Wu, Yuankai Wang, and Jiahua Dong. "Decoupling of the Municipal Thermal Environment Using a Spatial Autoregressive Model." Atmosphere 13, no. 12 (December 8, 2022): 2059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13122059.
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In the rapid urbanization process, climate change has a huge impact on the urban thermal environment, and the urban heat island has attracted widespread attention from society. How to better detect, analyze, and evaluate the urban heat island effect has become a hot issue in current urban environmental research. However, the correlation analysis of heat island factors mostly adopts the conventional least square method, without considering the correlation of and the interaction between spatial elements. At the same time, the single analysis method makes it difficult to analyze environmental problems scientifically, which leads to great bias. Therefore, in this paper, the spatial autoregressive confusion model was used to analyze the satellite data of Beijing, and a preliminary temperature model of Beijing for all seasons was established. The regression results show that the surface temperature of Beijing has a strong spatial autocorrelation, and that the modified normalized difference water index and the normalized differential vegetation index have a strong negative effect on the land surface temperature. The prediction models established in this study can provide accurate and sustainable data support in the urbanization process and aid in the creation of a sustainable and effective urban environment.
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Howitt, Christina, Fitzroy Henry, Kern D. Rocke, Catherine R. Brown, Waneisha Jones, Leith Dunn, and T. Alafia Samuels. "COVID-19 and the social distribution of hunger in three Caribbean Small Island Developing States." Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 46 (August 25, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2022.61.
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Objectives. To determine changes to income and livelihood, food consumption, and hunger due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in three Small Island Developing States (SIDS) in the Caribbean: Jamaica, St Kitts and Nevis, and St Vincent and the Grenadines. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in July 2020. Participants were selected using telephone directories and lists of mobile numbers. Data were collected through face-to-face and telephone interviews. Participants rated the impact of COVID-19 on their livelihoods and the Adult Food Security Module was used to assess hunger. To examine how these outcomes varied by sociodemographic group, multivariable logistic regression analysis was used, with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) reported. Results. The analysis included 880 participants. Of these, 40% (344/871) reported some form of hunger, with 18% (153/871) classed as moderate-to-severe hunger. Almost three quarters of households reported some impact on their livelihood (640/880), with 28% (243/880) classifying this impact as moderate to severe. Women were 60% more likely to report that their livelihoods were moderately to severely affected by COVID-19 (OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.09, 2.31) and 70% more likely to experience moderate-to-severe hunger (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.37, 2.09). The effects of COVID-19 on livelihood and hunger were greater in those with secondary-school and primary-school education compared with tertiary education. Conclusion. The COVID-19 pandemic is disproportionately affecting the most vulnerable segments of the population. Social protection programmes are a key component of efforts to alleviate the pandemic’s consequences; however, equitable access must be ensured.
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Hehanussa, Patmawaty, Muhammad Kasnir, and Danial Danial. "ANALISIS MODEL PENGEMBANGAN PULAU OSI DI KABUPATEN SERAM BAGIAN BARAT SEBAGAI KAWASAN WISATA BAHARI BERKELANJUTAN." JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN TROPICAL FISHERIES (JOINT-FISH) : Jurnal Akuakultur, Teknologi Dan Manajemen Perikanan Tangkap, Ilmu Kelautan 3, no. 1 (June 28, 2020): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33096/joint-fish.v3i1.70.
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This study aims (1) to analyze the relationship between external and internal factors on the sustainability of the marine tourism of Osi Island and (2) formulate a model for the development of marine tourism in Osi Island. This type of research is quantitative descriptive research. Data sources are tourists who are and have been to Osi Island. Techniques used in data collection include field studies / observations and literature studies. Data analysis was performed using a strucktural equation model (SEM) analysis with AMOS analysis tools. The results showed that: (1) Variable internal and external factors significantly influence the sustainability of tourism on Osi Island where human resources are more dominant to contribute to this due to community awareness in the local village in terms of maintaining cleanliness and managing existing nature. Based on this it can be said that in terms of environmental aspects the marine tourism area of Osi Island has fulfilled what is said to be sustainable. (2) the final model of this research is interpreted for the future development plan of Osi Island where the development plan must be based on the vision of sustainable tourism and because Osi Island is a self-managed tourism area, it can develop a community-based tourism model with all stakeholders related namely the central government, local government, etc. can participate in the development both directly and indirectly so that the impact of the development of the model results in an independent community from all aspects.
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Teng, Andrea M., Murat Genç, Josephine Herman, Louise Signal, Danny Areai, and Nick Wilson. "Impact of sugar-sweetened beverage taxes on price, import and sale volumes in an island: interrupted time series analysis." Public Health Nutrition 24, no. 7 (January 18, 2021): 1828–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980021000185.
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AbstractObjective:To evaluate the impact of changes in import tariffs on sweetened beverages.Design:Interrupted time series analysis was used to examine sweetened beverage tariff increases of 40–60 % in 2008 and to 75 % in 2012, and an approximately 11 % decrease in 2014 when an excise tax replaced the tariff. Post-tax trends were compared with a counterfactual modelled on the pre-tax trend for: quarterly price of an indicator beverage, monthly beverage import volumes (both 2001–2017) and quarterly sales volumes (2012–2017). In a controlled analysis, taxed beverage imports were compared with a sugary snacks control.Setting:Cook Islands.Participants:NA.Results:In the first year, after the 2008 tariff increase the price of the selected indicator soft drink increased by 7·3 % (95 % CI 6·3 %, 8·3 %) but after the 2012 tariff increase it decreased by 13·9 % (95 % CI –14·9 %, –12·8 %). At the same time, the import volumes of taxed beverages decreased by 13·2 % (95 % CI –38·1 %, 17·8 %) and 2·9 % (95 % CI –41·6 %, 72·5 %), respectively, and decreased by 24·8 % (95 % CI –36·9, –9·8) and 10·2 % (95 % CI –37·1, 37·5) in the controlled analysis. After the 2014 tax decrease, the price of the indicator soft drink decreased by 23·6 % (95 % CI –26·0 %, –21·1 %), sweetened beverage imports increased by 4·5 % (95 % CI –39·5 %, 156·0 %) and sales of full-sugar soft drinks increased by 31 % (95 % CI –21 %, 243 %).Conclusions:The increased import tariffs on sweetened beverages appeared to be effective for reducing import volumes, but this was partly reversed by the reduced tax/tariff in 2014.
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Biscornet, Leon, Christophe Révillion, Sylvaine Jégo, Erwan Lagadec, Yann Gomard, Gildas Le Minter, Gérard Rocamora, et al. "Predicting the Presence of Leptospires in Rodents from Environmental Indicators Opens Up Opportunities for Environmental Monitoring of Human Leptospirosis." Remote Sensing 13, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13020325.
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Leptospirosis, an environmental infectious disease of bacterial origin, is the infectious disease with the highest associated mortality in Seychelles. In small island territories, the occurrence of the disease is spatially heterogeneous and a better understanding of the environmental factors that contribute to the presence of the bacteria would help implement targeted control. The present study aimed at identifying the main environmental parameters correlated with animal reservoirs distribution and Leptospira infection in order to delineate habitats with highest prevalence. We used a previously published dataset produced from a large collection of rodents trapped during the dry and wet seasons in most habitats of Mahé, the main island of Seychelles. A land use/land cover analysis was realized in order to describe the various environments using SPOT-5 images by remote sensing (object-based image analysis). At each sampling site, landscape indices were calculated and combined with other geographical parameters together with rainfall records to be used in a multivariate statistical analysis. Several environmental factors were found to be associated with the carriage of leptospires in Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus, namely low elevations, fragmented landscapes, the proximity of urbanized areas, an increased distance from forests and, above all, increased precipitation in the three months preceding trapping. The analysis indicated that Leptospira renal carriage could be predicted using the species identification and a description of landscape fragmentation and rainfall, with infection prevalence being positively correlated with these two environmental variables. This model may help decision makers in implementing policies affecting urban landscapes and/or in balancing conservation efforts when designing pest control strategies that should also aim at reducing human contact with Leptospira-laden rats while limiting their impact on the autochthonous fauna.
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Sugianti, Yayuk, Barti Setiani Muntalif, and Priana Sudjono. "Periphyton Response Analysis to the Pollution in Seagrass Ecosystem Panjang Island, Banten." ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences 23, no. 3 (September 6, 2018): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.23.3.113-118.
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Increases in coastal pollutants, largely due to human activity on land, have an impact on seagrass ecosystems. The high sedimentation in the waters causes an increase in the concentration of sludge, organic matter, nutrients, and turbidity which reduce the depth that can be reached by sunlight. The condition affects seagrass ecosystems adversely. Changes in water condition can be illustrated by the presence of water organisms. One dominant organism in seagrass ecosystems is periphyton. The existence of periphyton in the waters is determined by physical and chemical conditions of the waters because it has specific limit of tolerance, which causes different community structure. To analyze periphyton response to the changes of environmental quality in seagrass ecosystems, Shannon Winner diversity and Saprobic Indices were measured at Panjang Island, Banten. The results of water quality assessment indicates the status of aquatic seagrass of the island considered as polluted to heavy polluted. It is observed from some physico-chemical parameters that exceeded the standard quality for the life of seagrass ecosystems and marine life. Based on the classification and saprobic coefficient using periphyton biological parameters, the condition of seagrass land ecosystem in the island is classified into β Mesosaprobic to β/α Mesosaprobic phase, which indicates light to medium pollution with pollutants including organic and inorganic materials. Several types of dominant periphyton were discovered during the observations, including Meridion sp, Navicula sp, Nitzschia sp and Synedra sp. This periphyton species belong to Bacillariophyceae class (Family Chrysophyta) that is commonly used to assess the condition of eutrophication and organic pollution on waters.
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Almeida, Cátia Rodrigues de, Leonardo Furst, Artur Gonçalves, and Ana Cláudia Teodoro. "Remote Sensing Image-Based Analysis of the Urban Heat Island Effect in Bragança, Portugal." Environments 9, no. 8 (August 4, 2022): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments9080098.
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Urban Heat Islands increase surface temperatures which impact the health and well-being of urban populations. Radiative forcing is impacted by changes to the land surface associated with urbanization that are particularly significant immediately after sunset. This paper aimed to analyze the behavior of UHI in different Local Climate Zones (LCZ) in Bragança city (Portugal), using Air Temperature (Ta), satellite images (Landsat 8), and on-site data. The methodology included a seasonal approach, integrating data with different scales (spatial, radiometric, and spectral) and qualitative and quantitative analyses. Google Earth Engine (GEE) optimized the processing time and computation requirement to generate the Land Surface Temperature (LST) maps. The integration of data with different scales corroborated the complementation of information/analysis and detected the correlation between the Ta and LST. However, the identification of the UHI was compromised due to the time of the passage of Landsat 8, and it was identified as the Urban Cool Island (UCI), a complementary effect of UHI, supporting the results of previous studies and for the use of Remote Sensing (RS) for thermal effects analysis.
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Ochsenkühn, Michael A., Cong Fei, Odmaa Bayaara, Emarosa Romeo, Patila Amosa, Youssef Idaghdour, Gary Goldstein, Timothy G. Bromage, and Shady A. Amin. "Microbial Contamination Survey of Environmental Fresh and Saltwater Resources of Upolu Island, Samoa." Environments 8, no. 11 (October 25, 2021): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments8110112.
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Analysis of microbe diversity in freshwater resources and nearshore seawater samples of Upolu Island was performed to investigate the distribution of harmful bacteria. For this, 124 samples were collected from 23 river systems, two volcanic lakes, and 45 locations inside and outside the barrier reef of Upolu Island, Samoa. Physicochemical parameters for general water quality, detection of coliform bacteria and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing were performed on all samples. Fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) testing indicated a wide distribution of coliform bacteria in all sampled freshwater sites with evidence of fecal coliform in most locations. Importantly, evidence of coliform bacteria was found in most seawater samples inside and along the reef, apart from those samples taken ~20 km offshore. Illumina 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region confirmed the presence of various types of harmful bacterial species, namely from the Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcae, Streptococcaceae, and Vibrionacea families. By combining the sensitivity of FIB testing and next-generation sequencing, we were able to show the extent of potential contaminations in fresh and seawater samples and simultaneously identify the potential pathogenic bacterial genera present. The wide distribution of potential harmful bacteria from river runoff or direct sewage dumping has an impact on human health, leading to many skin and intestinal diseases, and is potentially detrimental to coral reef community health.
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Indradjati, Petrus Natalivan, and Iztirani Nur Aisha. "Adapting Urban Heat Island Mitigation Strategy on Bandung Downtown Area." DIMENSI (Journal of Architecture and Built Environment) 46, no. 2 (February 28, 2020): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/dimensi.46.2.129-140.
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Urban Heat Island (UHI) mitigation research has been carried out for a long time but it requires to be sharpened to enrich mitigation strategies. In Bandung, maximum temperature has been increasing from 330C to 350C in 30 years. Bandung is getting hotter which can exaggerate the negative impact of UHI mainly in the downtown area. Suitable UHI mitigation strategies are needed to lower urban temperature. UHI mitigation has involved the use of heat-absorbing and covering man-made materials with vegetation such as green wall and roof system. Content analysis of UHI precedents and some preliminary studies are applied to assess prerequisites of UHI mitigation. The analysis showed adaptation opportunities of UHI mitigation strategy on buildings and environmental physical components. The mitigation strategies may vary depending on the typology of buildings (roof and wall) by using reflective materials, while outside the building by increasing vegetation to maximize evaporation to lower the temperature.
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Izwar, Izwar, and Dian Kristanti. "Implementasi Konsep 4A dan Carrying Capacity dalam Pengembangan Pulau Reusam Menjadi Kawasan Ekowisata Berbasis Syariah." Journal on Education 5, no. 2 (January 20, 2023): 3554–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/joe.v5i2.1038.
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The increase in tourists visiting Reusam Island increases the risk of environmental damage, neglecting this problem will have an impact on other social problems, resulting in the death of tourism activities. Efforts to overcome the above problems by accommodating various interests and adjusting to the implementation of Islamic Sharia in Aceh Jaya. This research applies a sequential explanatory method. Sundays up to 500 people. While the FGD data analysis regarding the suitability of implementing the 4A concept (Attraction, Accessibility, Amenities, Ancillary Services) on Reusam Island, it still needs to be adjusted in its application in the field, because there are differences in management systems between conventional tourism management and sharia ecotourism
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Joseph, J. C., U. Udochukwu, E. Ehinmitan, and M. O. Tom-Otu. "Community waste management and its health impact on Obalende and Lafiaji Villages of Lagos Island." Scientia Africana 21, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sa.v21i1.10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Managing municipal solid waste in cities has become a serious challenge which could result in the accumulation of heavy metals in the environment. Against this background, the municipal solid waste management practices in peri-urban communities (Obalende and Lafiaji Village) of Lagos Island and the impact of heavy metals in soil were studied. This study aims at examining the present municipal waste management practices in Lagos Islandandhowthey can beimproved upon. Random sampling was used to administer 100 questionnaires to household while the different heavy metal concentrations in the soil samples were determined using Buck 200 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). About 58 % of the respondents are aware of solid waste management while LAWMA (50%) and Cart pushers (40%) were the two main options for waste disposal. The wastes were mainly composed of food wastes, plastics/pet bottles and nylon. Although majority of the respondents (67%) have a waste bin/bag assigned to their houses, about 74% do not sort their wastes. The concentrations of the heavy metals (Co, Zn, Ni, and Mn) in the soil samples were higher in Obalende and Lafiaji village, where wastes were dumped indiscriminately on roadsides. SWOT analysis revealed the need for improving environmental awareness in order to minimize the threat of low sorting of wastes. Also, opportunities exist for recycling plastics/pet bottles and nylon while wastes from food materials could benefit agriculture through composing. This study suggests that more environmental awareness, policies and better administration are needed to improve the status of waste management in peri-urban communities of Lagos Island.
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Ulfa, Yuniarti, Teoh Ying Jia, Ahmad Munim Che Yaziz, Dasapta E. Irawan, and Deny J. Puradimaja. "Between Natural and Anthropogenic Coastal Landforms: Insights from Ground Penetrating Radar and Sediment Analysis." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (April 12, 2021): 3449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083449.
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Both natural and anthropogenic coastal landforms characterize Penang Island. As years have passed it is a challenge to differentiate the genuineness of landmasses created by natural geological formations or by coastal reclamation projects. An account is given of the environmental impact of solid wastes used for reclaiming land in coastal areas of Penang and of the impact of a major sewage outfall in the western channel. Leaching of heavy metals was shown to be one of the main sources of contamination from solid wastes. This paper presents eight lines of ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys and sediment analysis to identify the anthropogenic interventions that shaped the urban landscape of Penang Island by excavations, filling, and embankment construction along the coastline and differentiate it from the natural one. The surveys were implemented in two locations, the Batu Ferringhi area, representing the natural coastline, and Persiaran Bayan Indah (the Queensbay Mall area), representing the anthropogenic coastal landform. The apparent depth of penetration that was achieved using a 250-MHz antenna is limited (less than 5 m). The results show between natural and anthropogenic sediment recorded different radar facies. In complement mode, mean grain size distribution, sorting, skewness, and kurtosis graphics of sediment samples from both sites correspond with the GPR data. This technique can likely be applied to the developing coast, where natural and anthropogenic coastal landform data is incomplete, considering future coastline development.
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Loibl, Wolfgang, Milena Vuckovic, Ghazal Etminan, Matthias Ratheiser, Simon Tschannett, and Doris Österreicher. "Effects of Densification on Urban Microclimate—A Case Study for the City of Vienna." Atmosphere 12, no. 4 (April 17, 2021): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040511.
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Climate adaptation, mitigation, and protecting strategies are becoming even more important as climate change is intensifying. The impacts of climate change are especially tangible in dense urban areas due to the inherent characteristics of urban structure and materiality. To assess impacts of densification on urban climate and potential adaptation strategies a densely populated Viennese district was modeled as a typical sample area for the city of Vienna. The case study analyzed the large-scale densification potential and its potential effects on microclimate, air flow, comfort, and energy demand by developing 3D models of the area showing the base case and densification scenarios. Three methods were deployed to assess the impact of urban densification: Micro-climate analysis (1) explored urban heat island phenomena, wind pattern analysis (2) investigated ventilation and wind comfort at street level, and energy and indoor climate comfort analysis (3) compared construction types and greening scenarios and analyzed their impact on the energy demand and indoor temperatures. Densification has negative impacts on urban microclimates because of reducing wind speeds and thus weakening ventilation of street canyons, as well as accelerating heat island effects and associated impact on the buildings. However, densification also has daytime cooling effects because of larger shaded areas. On buildings, densification may have negative effects especially in the new upper, sun-exposed floors. Construction material has less impact than glazing area and rooftop greening. Regarding adaptation to climate change, the impacts of street greening, green facades, and green roofs were simulated: The 24-h average mean radiant temperature (MRT) at street level can be reduced by up to 15 K during daytime. At night there is only a slight reduction by a few tenths of 1 K MRT. Green facades have a similar effect on MRT reduction, while green roofs show only a slight reduction by a few tenths of 1 K MRT on street level. The results show that if appropriate measures were applied, negative effects of densification could be reduced, and positive effects could be achieved.
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Jiang, Yunfang, Jing Huang, Tiemao Shi, and Xiaolin Li. "Cooling Island Effect of Blue-Green Corridors: Quantitative Comparison of Morphological Impacts." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 22 (November 13, 2021): 11917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211917.
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The patterns of green corridors in urban riverfront districts provide different synergistic cooling effects of blue-green space in urban areas. The purpose of this study is to quantify the spatial morphological impact of green corridors in riverfront block-scale area on the cooling effect. Three representative patterns (radiate, grid and dendritic) were selected in the study. The comprehensive influences analysis between multi-dimensional factors of spatial structure and morphology of green corridors and Ta (air temperature) distribution are processed by Envi-met4.4.5 simulation data and statistical analysis methods, such as regression tree model (BRT), were combined. The results showed that the D (distance from riverbank) has the greatest impact on the cooling effect of each belt green space. The D in the range of 600–750 m was affected by the cooling effect of blue-green space; The orientation with parallel to (southeast–northwest) or roughly the same as the prevailing wind direction (north–south) green corridors had relatively better cooling effect. When the width of green corridor was 20–25 m, the ME (marginal effect) of cooling was the largest; at 30–35 m (corridor width), the overall ME of cooling was the best; When the dPC (decreased probability connectivity, here the index was adapted to describe the connectivity degree) of green corridors was in the range of 0.5–1.5, the cooling effect of green corridor could be significantly improved. When dPC is 1.5, its marginal effect on temperature reached the maximum. The study provided a quantitative correlation technology for the morphological influence of blue-green space on the distribution of UCI (urban cooling island), which can guide the spatial layout control of green corridors in the planning and design of urban riverfront district.
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UTAMI, ISSA DYAH, WENY FINDIASTUTI, DWI KUSWANTO, and MOSES L. SINGGIH. "TATA RUANG DAN PENILAIAN DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN INDUSTRI DI BANGKALAN PASCA PEMBANGUNAN JEMBATAN SURAMADU BERDASARKAN POTENSI DAERAH." Jurnal Teknik Industri 11, no. 2 (February 9, 2012): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jtiumm.vol11.no2.162-169.
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The development of Suramadu Bridge that connects Java Island and Madura Island opens the opportunity for Bangkalan Regency to be one of Industrial Park at East Java Province.This could be realized if there are many investors who invest their capital and build their industry at the industrial Park. The Clustering analysis and Scoring Risk analysis are used in this research. The results of this study indicate that based on the industrial potential, Bangkalan region is divided into six regions. Region I is the most appropriate area to serve industrial and commercial center. The study also build a Standardized Information System as a guide for the investors to invest their capital. This contains information about Industry Spatial Planning and Clustering based on area potency of bangkalan Regency and Environmental Impact.
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Li, Ping, Jun Du, Zhiwei Zhang, and Guoqiang Xu. "Sedimentological Analysis of Regional Differentiation and Sediment Provenance in the Lu’erhuan River Sea Area of Qinzhou Bay, Guangxi Province." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 11 (November 11, 2022): 1732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111732.
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Globally, coastal regions are vital areas of human activity and, as such, are centers of population growth and urban and economic development. Long-term human development has had a major impact on the ecological environment of coastal zones. Therefore, exploring the distribution and provenance of marine sediment types in coastal areas heavily influenced by human activities can provide scientific evidence and references for the current and future ecological management of these sensitive environments. For this reason, we conducted an analysis of the sediment grain size, endmembers, and organic matter content and geochemical elements in the Lu’erhuan River-Malan Island-Sandun Island area in the eastern part of Qinzhou Bay, a region heavily influenced by human activities. The sediment grain size clearly differs throughout the study site and the material provenances and hydrodynamic conditions also vary, likely due to the local environmental conditions and the significant impact that human activities have had on the area. The finest-grained sediment is imported from either inland or coastal areas via rivers and weak tidal currents, the next finest component comes from coastal areas through weak tidal currents, and the moderately coarse component mainly originates from nearby beaches. The two coarsest-grained sediment components are influenced by the combination of human activities, tidal currents and waves and enter the water via erosion. The organic matter provenance resembles that of the sediment components, exhibiting varied characteristics. Due to the combination of natural and human activities in the bay, the organic matter in the upper reaches of the Lu’erhuan River originates from the river and coastal paddy fields, with obvious terrigenous characteristics; the organic matter in northern Malan Island mainly comes from external sources related to oyster farming, while the organic matter in eastern Sandun Island is mainly produced endogenously by marine plankton. Al, Ti, Fe, Mg, K, Ga and other elements indicate that terrestrial sediments are significantly disturbed by human activities. However, Mn reflects the marine distribution of terrestrial sediments from the Lu’erhuan River to Jishuimen. Ca and Sr, which are indicators of marine sediments, are distributed in the eastern offshore area of Sandun Island, which is connected to open waters. Due to the influence of human activities, As and Cd are highly enriched in the study area, while Cu is less affected by human activities.
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Moretti, Sacha, Apostolos Salmatonidis, Xavier Querol, Antonella Tassone, Virginia Andreoli, Mariantonia Bencardino, Nicola Pirrone, Francesca Sprovieri, and Attilio Naccarato. "Contribution of Volcanic and Fumarolic Emission to the Aerosol in Marine Atmosphere in the Central Mediterranean Sea: Results from Med-Oceanor 2017 Cruise Campaign." Atmosphere 11, no. 2 (January 30, 2020): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11020149.
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This work studied the contribution of the geogenic sources volcanoes and fumaroles to the aerosol in marine atmosphere in the central Mediterranean basin. For this purpose, in the framework of the Med-Oceanor measurement program, we carried out a cruise campaign in the summer of 2017 to investigate the impact to the aerosol of the most important Mediterranean volcanoes (Mount Etna, Stromboli Island, and Marsili Seamount) and solfatara areas (Phlegraean Fields complex, Volcano Islands, Ischia Island, and Panarea submarine fumarole). We collected PM10 and PM2.5 samples in 12 sites and performed chemical characterization to gather information about the concentration of major and trace elements, elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and ionic species. The use of triangular plots and the calculation of enrichment factors confirmed the interception of volcanic plume. We integrated the outcomes from chemical characterization with the use of factor analysis and SEM/EDX analysis for the source apportionment. Anthropogenic and natural sources including shipping emissions, volcanic and fumarolic load, as well as sea spray were identified as the main factors affecting aerosol levels in the study area. Furthermore, we performed pattern recognition analysis by stepwise linear discriminant analysis to seek differences in the composition of PM10 and PM2.5 samples according to their volcanic or solfatara origin.
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Surpi, Ni Kadek. "Nyepi and the Efforts to Save the Environment." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1111, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1111/1/012084.
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Abstract During the Nyepi celebration, within twenty-four hours, the island of Bali is wholly rested from various activities and business. This study analyzes how the implementation of the Nyepi Holy Day celebration has a broad impact on efforts to save the environment, which is a world issue. Data was obtained through observation, interviews, and literature studies examining Balinese environmental data. Through thematic analysis and interpretation, the Nyepi celebration significantly impacts efforts to protect nature and the environment in Bali. It is closely related to four Nyepi prohibitions, known as Catur Brata Penyepian: Amati Geni, Amati Lelanguan, Amati Lelungan, and Amati Karya. With these four prohibitions, the island of Bali seems to be a dead island for 24 hours, without noise and electricity even at night. All transportation activities, including airports and seaports, have stopped operating. The data shows that there has been saving in electricity use, a reduction in carbon dioxide gas emissions, fuel saving, and an increase in air quality due to the cessation of all human transportation activities. The Nyepi celebration in Bali and carried out by Hindus in Indonesia has had a tremendous impact on the earth.
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Mehrotra, Surabhi, Ronita Bardhan, and Krithi Ramamritham. "Urban Informal Housing and Surface Urban Heat Island Intensity." Environment and Urbanization ASIA 9, no. 2 (July 17, 2018): 158–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425318783548.
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Urbanization leads to the densification of built-up areas, and thereby increases surface heat island intensity which is one of the growing concerns in the rapidly urbanizing cities. Another notable aspect of cities like Mumbai is the uncontrolled growth of informal slum housing clusters, which have emerged as a significant urban built form in the landscape of cities. This study presents a case of Mumbai that aims to explore the linkages between slum housing—here referred as ‘slum urban form’ (SUF)—and surface urban heat island (SUHI) supported by spatial-statistical analysis. The magnitude of the impact of urban form on SUHI, measured by land surface temperature (LST), is examined using Cohen’s d index, which measures the effect size for two groups—SUF and ‘formal’ housing—on LST. The results confirm a ‘large’ effect indicating a significant difference in mean LST between the two groups. The spatial analysis reveals a statistically significant spatial clustering of LST and SUF ( p-value < 0.05), and bivariate local indicator of spatial association (LISA) confirms that the spatial association of SUF is surrounded by ‘high’ LST (Moran I: 0.49). The exploratory spatial analysis indicates that the contribution of SUF in elevating SUHI intensity is more than the formal housing areas and has increased vulnerability to heat stress. The results were validated on the ground using environmental sensors, which confirms the susceptibility of SUF to heat stress.
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Gou, He, Feng Luo, Ruijie Li, Xiaotian Dong, and Yifeng Zhang. "Modeling Study on the Hydrodynamic Environmental Impact Caused by the Sea for Regional Construction near the Yanwo Island in Zhoushan, China." Water 11, no. 8 (August 13, 2019): 1674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11081674.
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Waves are one of the most important factors affecting offshore marine engineering. Accurate calculation of wave distribution is an important prerequisite to ensure the safety of coastal engineering construction. Due to the influence of complex topography, hydrological conditions, and marine structures on the propagation of waves offshore, slowly varying topography, refraction, diffraction, reflection, shallowness, and other phenomena may occur. This article combines the MIKE21 Spetral Waves (SW) wave model and the MIKE21 Boussinesq Waves (BW) wave model which are developed by Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI) for a joint application (SW–BW nested model). It simulates the hydrodynamic environment of the Yanwo Island scenic area, located in Zhoushan, in both large and small ranges. In addition, wave height distribution and berthing stability of different breakwater planning schemes are calculated to optimize the layout of the breakwater. Through the analysis of simulation results, it is concluded that the hydraulic performance of Scheme 2 (the broken line section on the west side is 100 m long, and that on the east is 1200 m long, and the breakwater is rotated 8 degrees counterclockwise along the axis on the basis of Scheme 1) is better than that of Scheme 1 (the broken line section on the west side is 100 m long, and that on the east is 1100 m long), which can provide a more reliable construction reference for the construction of the Yanwo Island scenic area.
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Malatesta, Stefano, Marcella Schmidt di Friedberg, Valeria Pecorelli, Andrea Di Pietro, and M. Angelica Cajiao. "The right place. Solid waste management in the Republic of Maldives: between infrastructural measures and local practices." Miscellanea Geographica 19, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mgrsd-2015-0003.
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Abstract The 2010 UNPD’s Assessment of Development Results defined the Maldives “a vulnerable Small Island Developing State” by pointing out the influence of both external and local human factors on their fragile ecosystems. This impact is deeply related to a main geographical feature: the high dispersion of land mass and population, both of them spread over a distance of 860 km. Above all, this dispersion has an effect on two environmental issues: energy distribution and solid waste management. The latter is particularly interesting for the geographical analysis of Small Island Countries. Due to centre-periphery distance and cost benefits analysis, in the Maldives public and private actors have developed different solid waste management models: central and regional waste management dumpsites, hybrid systems implemented by resorts and “informal” practices still followed by local communities. In this paper, we discuss these systems stressing on the relevance of combining infrastructural measures with “informal” practices at local level. Furthermore, we report the outcomes of The Right Place, a participatory waste management action carried out by MaRHE Center (a Milano- Bicocca Research Center) in Faafu Magoodhoo Island.
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Johnston, Gregory R. "Drought increases the impact of introduced European foxes on breeding Australian pelicans." Wildlife Research 43, no. 6 (2016): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr15207.
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Context Introduced mammalian predators have been responsible for population declines in native prey species around the world. Many conservation programs rely on control or eradication of introduced mammalian predators, but the impact of environmental variation on the efficacy of this approach is rarely documented. Aims The present paper describes (1) the impact of introduced European foxes (Vulpes vulpes) on breeding Australian pelicans (Pelecanus conspicillatus) in South Australia and (2) the responses of both species to a fox-eradication program using a before-after-impact framework. Methods The impact of foxes on breeding Australian pelicans was studied on a near-shore island. An index of fox abundance and direct measurements of breeding pelicans and mortality of pelican eggs and young were compared before foxes were established on the island, while foxes were resident and during a fox-eradication program. A path analysis was used to explore the causal relationships between fox abundance and other potential covariates (e.g. rainfall) on breeding pelicans. Key results Before foxes were established on the island, the number of breeding pelicans grew and egg mortality was low. While foxes were resident, the number of breeding pelicans fell and egg mortality rose. This was followed by an increase in the number of breeding pelicans and a decrease in egg mortality during a fox-eradication program. While foxes had a clear impact on egg mortality, a period of low rainfall also occurred while foxes were resident. The path analysis showed an interaction among rainfall, size of the pelican breeding population and the impact of foxes. In drought years, fewer pelicans bred and foxes were a major cause of nest abandonment when they entered pelican breeding colonies to prey on eggs. Conclusions These results confirmed that foxes can be an important predator of ground-nesting, colonial waterbirds, and showed that the impact of foxes may be higher in drought years when prey populations are low. Implications The present study suggests that an increase in the incidence of droughts as a result of climate change may increase the impact of introduced predators on drought-sensitive waterbirds and raises the possibility of focussing predator-control efforts during droughts, as periods of particular risk to colony-breeding waterbirds.